43 results on '"Bernadet, M."'
Search Results
2. Comparison of the composition and sensory characteristics of goose fatty liver obtained by overfeeding and spontaneous fattening
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Fernandez, X, Lazzarotto, V, Bernadet, M-D, and Manse, H
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- 2019
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3. Nutritional programming of hepatic metabolism in mule duck: zootechnical data
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Bodin, L., primary, Sécula, A., additional, Chapuis, H., additional, Cornuez, A., additional, Bernadet, M-D., additional, Cobo, E., additional, Barrieu, J., additional, Martin, X., additional, Manse, H., additional, Lessire, M., additional, Mercerand, F., additional, Le Bourhis, M-C., additional, Brun, J-M., additional, Bonnefont, C., additional, and Morisson, M., additional
- Published
- 2022
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4. Nutritional programming of hepatic metabolism in mule ducks: a transcript study
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Sécula, A., primary, Chapuis, H., additional, Collin, A., additional, Bluy, L., additional, Bonnet, A., additional, Bodin, L., additional, Manse, H., additional, Gress, L., additional, Cornuez, A., additional, Bernadet, M-D., additional, Martin, X., additional, Bonnefont, C., additional, and Morisson, M., additional
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- 2022
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5. Effects of meal frequency on performances, appearance and behaviour of mule ducks housed in confinement
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Bernadet, M-D., primary, Hazard, A., additional, Litt, J., additional, and Martin, X., additional
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- 2022
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6. Behavioral and adrenal responses to various stressors in mule ducks from different commercial genetic selection schemes and their respective parental genotypes
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Arnaud, I., Gardin, E., Sauvage, E., Bernadet, M.-D., Couty, M., Guy, G., and Guémené, D.
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- 2010
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7. Reproductive biology of captive bullseye puffer (Sphoeroides annulatus), LHRHa induced spawning and egg quality
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Duncan, N. J., Garcia-Aguilar, N., de O., G. Rodríguez-M., Bernadet, M., Martinez-Chavez, C., Komar, C., Estañol, P., and Garcia-Gasca, A.
- Published
- 2003
8. An Attempt to Evaluate the Contribution of Common Laboratory Findings: An Experiment in Neurology
- Author
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Golmard, J. L, Derouesne, C., Asselain, B., Bernadet, M., Salamon, R., Gremy, F., Lindberg, D. A. B., editor, Reichertz, P. L., editor, and Anderson, John, editor
- Published
- 1978
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9. Detection of QTL controlling metabolism, meat quality, and liver quality traits of the overfed interspecific hybrid mule duck
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Kileh-Wais, M., Elsen, J M, VIGNAL, A, Feves, K, Vignoles, F, Fernandez, X, Manse, H, Davail, Stéphane, André, Jean-Marc, Bastianelli, D, Bonnal, L, Filangi, O, Baéza, E, Guéméné, D, Genêt, C, Bernadet, M., Dubos, F., Marie-Etancelin, C., Station d'Amélioration Génétique des Animaux (SAGA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire de Génétique Cellulaire (LGC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Systèmes d'élevage méditerranéens et tropicaux (UMR SELMET), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Unité de Recherches Avicoles (URA), Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Palmipèdes à Foie Gras (UEPFG), French National Research Agency (GENANIMAL program), Scientific Group for avian genome analysis (AGENAVI), Midi-Pyrenees council, INRA Animal Genetics Division, University of Djibouti, Aquitaine regional council, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-INP. Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Recherches Avicoles, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech
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Locus des caractères quantitatifs ,Hybride ,liver quality ,[SDV.SA.ZOO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Zootechny ,meat quality ,pleiotropy ,L52 - Physiologie animale - Croissance et développement ,hybrid mule duck ,Canard ,Q04 - Composition des produits alimentaires ,metabolic trait ,Métabolisme des lipides ,Viande de canard ,[SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health ,U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques ,Abats ,Canard de Barbarie ,food and beverages ,quantitative trait loci ,L10 - Génétique et amélioration des animaux ,Physiologie animale ,Carte génétique ,Muscle ,Anas ,U30 - Méthodes de recherche ,Amélioration des animaux ,Foie ,Qualité ,Génotype ,Modèle mathématique - Abstract
Chantier qualité GA; International audience; The mule duck, an interspecific hybrid obtained by crossing common duck (Anas platyrhynchos) females with Muscovy (Cairina moschata) drakes, is widely used for fatty liver production. The purpose of the present study was to detect and map single and pleiotropic QTL that segregate in the common duck species, and influence the expression of traits in their overfed mule duck offspring. To this end, we generated a common duck backcross (BC) population by crossing Kaiya and heavy Pekin experimental lines, which differ notably in regard to the BW and overfeeding ability of their mule progeny. The BC females were mated to Muscovy drakes and, on average, 4 male mule ducks hatched per BC female (1600 in total) and were measured for growth, metabolism during growth and the overfeeding period, overfeeding ability, and the quality of their breast meat and fatty liver. The phenotypic value of BC females was estimated for each trait by assigning to each female the mean value of the phenotypes of her offspring. Estimations allowed for variance, which depended on the number of male offspring per BC and the heritability of the trait considered. The genetic map used for QTL detection consisted of 91 microsatellite markers aggregated into 16 linkage groups (LG) covering a total of 778 cM. Twenty-two QTL were found to be significant at the 1% chromosome-wide threshold level using the single-trait detection option of the QTLMap software. Most of the QTL detected were related to the quality of breast meat and fatty liver: QTL for meat pH 20 min post mortem were mapped to LG4 (at the 1% genome-wide significance level), and QTL for meat lipid content and cooking losses were mapped to LG2a. The QTL related to fatty liver weight and liver protein and lipid content were for the most part detected on LG2c and LG9. Multitrait analysis highlighted the pleiotropic effects of QTL in these chromosome regions. Apart from the strong QTL for plasma triglyceride content at the end of the overfeeding period mapped to chromosome Z using single-trait analysis, all metabolic trait QTL were detected with the multitrait approach: the QTL mapped to LG14 and LG21 affected the plasma cholesterol and triglyceride contents, whereas the QTL mapped to LG2a seemed to impact glycemia and the basal plasma corticosterone content. A greater density genetic map will be needed to further fine map the QTL.
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- 2013
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10. Effect of lipid content on oxidation susceptibility of duck meat.
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Baeza, E., Chartrin, P., and Bernadet, M.-D.
- Abstract
Copyright of European Poultry Science / Archiv für Geflügelkunde is the property of Verlag Eugen Ulmer and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2018
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11. Projet de pyroséquençage pour le développement d'EST et de SNP aviaires
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Frédérique Pitel, Alain Vignal, Sophie Leroux, Katia Feve, Aurelie Tircazes, Mireille Morisson, David Gourichon, Francis Minvielle, Christine Leterrier, Cécile Arnould, Dubos, F., Bernadet, M. D., Christel Marie-Etancelin, Basso, B., Frédéric Herault, Frédéric Lecerf, Joël Besnard, Fanny Calenge, Catherine Beaumont, Klopp, C., Christian Diot, Génétique Animale (GARen), IFR140-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Rennes-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Rennes, Laboratoire de Génétique Cellulaire (LGC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Pôle d'Expérimentation Avicole de Tours (UE PEAT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Génétique et Diversité Animales (GEDANIM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Recherches Avicoles (URA), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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SEQUENCING ,[SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics ,SEQUENCAGE ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,SNP ,[INFO]Computer Science [cs] - Abstract
RÉSUMÉ Le but du programme est de combler les déficits en marqueurs observés pour trois espèces aviaires : la caille, le canard et la poule. La stratégie choisie est l'obtention, à partir de plusieurs individus de lignées d'intérêt, de SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism, polymorphisme d'un nucléotide) par une nouvelle technologie de séquençage à haut débit (séquenceur 454 GS-FLX, Roche). Nous séquençons des représentations réduites du génome, en sélectionnant d'une part des fragments de restriction d'ADN génomique - les mêmes chez tous les individus - et d'autre part les transcrits qui représentent globalement la partie du génome correspondant aux gènes exprimés. Ces expérimentations sont réalisées à partir d'échantillons d'ADN ou d'ARN issus d'individus de lignées à l'origine de croisements existants, pour chacune des trois espèces. Les données générées par plusieurs "runs" de séquence seront traitées in silico : contigage à haut débit, recherche de SNP, comparaison avec les banques de séquences connues... En plus de l'intérêt que représente la production d'un très grand nombre de SNP nouveaux, cette technologie devrait permettre de mieux séquencer les régions riches en (G+C) correspondant aux plus petits des microchromosomes pour lesquels il n'y a pas de séquence chez la poule. La comparaison des séquences des transcrits obtenues chez la caille et le canard avec la séquence du génome de la poule permettra d'établir une "cartographie virtuelle" des SNP obtenus, grâce à la grande conservation de synténie existant entre ces trois espèces. ABSTRACT The aim of the project is to fill the lack in markers observed for three avian species (quail, duck and poultry). The chosen strategy is to obtain, by using individuals from several lines of interest, SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) by a high-throughput sequencing technology (sequencer 454 GS-FLX, Roche). Two reduced representations of the genome are sequenced: size-selected digested genomic DNA and transcriptome, which globally represents the part of the genome corresponding to the expressed genes. These experiments are realized from samples of DNA or RNA from individuals of lines from existing crosses, for each species. The data generated by several sequencing runs will be in silico analyzed. Besides the interest of the production of a very large number of new SNP, this technology should allow to sequence GC rich regions corresponding to the smallest microchromosomes for which there is no sequence in chicken. The comparison of the transcriptome sequences in quail and duck with the chicken genome assembly will allow to establish a "virtual cartography" of the obtained SNP, thanks to the synteny conservation existing between these three avian species.
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- 2008
12. An Attempt to Evaluate the Contribution of Common Laboratory Findings: An Experiment in Neurology
- Author
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Golmard, J. L, primary, Derouesne, C., additional, Asselain, B., additional, Bernadet, M., additional, Salamon, R., additional, and Gremy, F., additional
- Published
- 1978
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Effet du genotype et du gavage sur les dépots de lipides intramuscolaires chez le canard
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Chartrin, P., Schiavone, Achille, Bernadet, M. D., Guy, G., Mourot, J., Duclos, M. J., and Baeza, E.
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gavage ,genotype ,lipides intramuscolaires ,canard - Published
- 2004
14. Improving residual feed intake of mule progeny of Muscovy ducks: Genetic parameters and responses to selection with emphasis on carcass composition and fatty liver quality1
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Drouilhet, L., primary, Basso, B., additional, Bernadet, M.-D., additional, Cornuez, A., additional, Bodin, L., additional, David, I., additional, Gilbert, H., additional, and Marie-Etancelin, C., additional
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- 2014
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15. Genetic parameters of product quality and hepatic metabolism in fattened mule ducks1
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Marie-Etancelin, C., primary, Basso, B., additional, Davail, S., additional, Gontier, K., additional, Fernandez, X., additional, Vitezica, Z. G., additional, Bastianelli, D., additional, Baéza, E., additional, Bernadet, M.-D., additional, Guy, G., additional, Brun, J.-M., additional, and Legarra, A., additional
- Published
- 2011
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16. Effects of Dietary Fructose on Liver Steatosis in Overfed Mule Ducks
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Davail, S., primary, Rideau, N., additional, Bernadet, M. D., additional, André, J. M., additional, Guy, G., additional, and Hoo-Paris, R., additional
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- 2005
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17. Is ability to hepatic steatosis influenced by age at the beginning of the overfeeding period in Muscovy and Pekin ducks?
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Chartrin, P., Bernadet, M. D., Sannier, M., and Baéza, E.
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FATTY liver ,MUSCOVY duck ,ANIMAL carcasses ,LIPIDS in the body ,SLAUGHTERING ,MEAT quality ,DUCKS ,PHYSIOLOGY - Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of species (Muscovy and Pekin ducks) and age at the beginning of the overfeeding period on fatty liver production, carcass composition and lipid and moisture content of the liver and breast muscle. We reared four groups of 40 ducks per species for the study, starting at 2-week intervals in order to have four different ages together at the beginning of the overfeeding period (10, 12, 14 and 16 weeks). At the end of the overfeeding period, all ducks were slaughtered. Our results confirmed the high levels of difference in carcass composition and lipid content in the plasma, liver and breast muscle between Muscovy and Pekin ducks at all ages. Pekin ducks were not able to develop a high degree of hepatic steatosis, but had increased lipid storage in peripheral adipose and muscle tissues than Muscovy ducks. However, the fatty liver weight of Pekin ducks increased with age, with lipid deposition in the liver and peripheral tissues. The ability of Muscovy ducks to produce fatty livers remained unchanged with age in line, with lipid deposition in the liver and peripheral tissues. The sites of lipid deposition thus depend on species and not on the physiological maturity of ducks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2013
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18. “Chromosome”: a knowledge-based system for the chromosome classification
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Ramstein, G., primary and Bernadet, M., additional
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- 1993
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19. “Chromosome”: A rule-based image analysis system for chromosome classification
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Ramstein, G., primary, Bernadet, M., additional, Kangoud, A., additional, and Barba, D., additional
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- 1992
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20. One application of neural networks for detection of defects using video data bases: identification of road distresses.
- Author
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Meignen, D., Bernadet, M., and Briand, H.
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- 1997
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21. Bayesian Method Applied to Decision Making in Neurology — Methodological Considerations
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Salamon, R., Bernadet, M., Samson, M., Derouesne, C., and Gremy, F.
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- 1976
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22. Feed efficiency, growth and carcass traits in female mule ducks
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Catherine Larzul, Guy, G., Bernadet, M. -D, Station d'Amélioration Génétique des Animaux (SAGA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Palmipèdes à Foie Gras (UEPFG)
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[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,[INFO]Computer Science [cs] ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience
23. La Drôme, un exemple des liens multiples entre cours d’eau et territoire et de leur évolution du début du XIXe siècle à aujourd’hui
- Author
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Allard, P., Stéphane Girard, Labeur, C., Rivière-Honegger, A., Bernadet, M., Fremont, A., Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Développement des territoires montagnards (UR DTGR), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Direction scientifique (IFSTTAR/DS), and Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)
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[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,DROME COURS D'EAU - Abstract
International audience; A l’instar des fleuves, leurs affluents apparaissent comme une ressource essentielle, générant de multiples usages, métiers et techniques. Les liens entre les cours d’eaux et leurs territoires sont multiples d’hier à aujourd’hui et s’inscrivent dans des usages évolutifs et parfois concurrents. Il en est ainsi de la vallée de la Drôme, affluent du Rhône, qui constitue une entité géographique d’environ 1 800 km2 comprenant aujourd’hui une centaine de communes d’une apparente unité autour de la rivière qui est son artère principale. Depuis l’antiquité, la rivière a apporté à ses riverains des possibilités économiques diverses qui ont permis le développement de petites villes et villages, le long de son cours. La Drôme constituait une voie de communication entre les habitants de la vallée et le couloir rhodanien, reliant l’arrière-pays, le Vercors et le Trièves à l’axe majeur constitué par le Rhône. Les habitants, jusqu’au XIXe siècle, avaient de multiples usages de cette ressource naturelle. La proximité de la rivière n’était pas perçue comme la source de catastrophes mais comme une richesse à exploiter. La Drôme était une voie navigable, elle servait en particulier au flottage des bois provenant des massifs montagneux qui la bordaient. Ces exportations constituaient une richesse pour la vallée. Un autre usage important était l’irrigation. En 1860, on dénombrait ainsi 98 canaux dans le département dont 39 sur la Drôme. Ces canaux avaient plusieurs fonctions : ils alimentaient les moulins (farine, noix…) et servaient à l’irrigation et l’industrie de la soie, par exemple. Les archives nous livrent le quotidien des métiers associés à ces activités et les aléas d’une gestion collective portée par les associations syndicales. Les conflits d’intérêts étaient nombreux entre les besoins des moulins et ceux de l’arrosage. La Drôme servait également de gravière pour fournir des matériaux de construction à partir du XIXe siècle. La pêche constituait une activité supplémentaire ainsi que l’exploitation des saules pour la vannerie. Ainsi, la rivière remplissait de nombreuses fonctions. Avec des modes de gestion adaptés, les riverains en tiraient des profits supérieurs aux pertes provoquées par des inondations fréquentes. Cette gestion de la vulnérabilité entraînait une résilience forte. De grands aménagements permirent à partir de la deuxième moitié du XIXe siècle d’accroître les terres cultivées. La maladie du vers à soie, la déforestation et un mouvement plus général d’exode rural freinèrent après 1860 le développement économique de la vallée de la Drôme. Suite à la déprise agricole et à la désertification rurale, les collectivités locales ont recherché à partir des années 1960 un nouveau moteur de développement économique. Elles ont d’abord misé sur l’augmentation de la rentabilité agricole par le développement de l'irrigation (grands périmètres irrigués) puis à partir des années 1980 sur des productions agricoles de niches (maïs semences, ail, plantes aromatiques, vignes AOC et productions biologiques) et sur les activités touristiques par la valorisation des aménités environnementales, en particulier sur le fait que la rivière a retrouvé une qualité baignable. Un usage test resté trés actif, jusques dans les années 1989, l'extraction de graviers, notamment pour les aménagements de la vallée du Rhône : centrale nucléaire, autoroute, industrie, urbanisation La gestion de l’eau est largement réalisée par les regroupements de collectivités locales (communes et conseil général). La spécificité de ces structures tient à la fois à leur positionnement à l’interface entre les usagers de l’eau et l’administration et à leur aptitude à traiter simultanément les questions de développement territorial et de préservation de la ressource et de l’environnement. Cette communication s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet Créateurs de Drôme (APR Eaux et territoires 2008-2011, Ministère de l’écologie, CNRS, Cemagref). L’étude diachronique et multiscalaire fournit des éléments de connaissance et de compréhension sur l’articulation des processus et des dynamiques de développement des territoires et de gestion de la vallée. La recherche s’attache à montrer les différents usages et savoirs liés à la présence de la rivière du début du XIXème siècle à aujourd’hui.. Les usages d’autrefois ont modelé la vallée. On constate aujourd’hui une moindre acuité du lien organique qui liait la rivière à l’axe rhodanien en raison de l’évolution des activités marquée par la perte de certains usages et l’apparition d’autres. Le glissement opéré vers une protection des milieux aquatiques consacré par l’application de la Directive Cadre européenne sur l’eau a une incidence certaine. La recherche s’appuie sur un corpus constitué par des documents d’archives, des rapports de projets de la gestion de l’eau (contrats de rivières et Schéma d’aménagement et de gestion des eaux) et du développement territorial tels les chartes de territoires ou les dossiers de candidature aux procédures contractuelles régionales (Contrats de Pays, Contrats globaux de développement, etc.) et européennes (Plan de développement rural, etc.) ; des bilans techniques et financiers de ces projets ; de la correspondance institutionnelle et des comptes rendus de réunion de la gestion de l’eau ; du dépouillement de la presse locale et de cinquante entretiens d’usagers et de gestionnaires de l’eau conduits en 2009-2010. A partir de trames rétrospectives et prospectives élaborées par une équipe pluridisciplinaire, il s’agit de relever les discontinuités, les régularités, les héritages matériels, tels les aménagements, ou immatériels comme les savoir-faire, les pratiques, les modes de gestion, puis les transformations dans les usages et les pratiques sur l’eau et les territoires qui s’inscrivent comme un dépassement des contraintes, et, in fine, de proposer des scénarios d’évolution possibles intégrant la pluralité des histoires et les choix des pouvoirs publics. Cette approche de la connaissance nous permet d’intégrer trois dimensions importantes dans les découpages scientifiques : le temps, l’espace et les différents objets. Le découpage espace-temps-objet est la condition de l’appréhension de l’environnement de manière continue. Le plus souvent les découpages sont à la fois hérités et adaptés. Dans cette approche nous avons considéré que les évolutions du milieu, des pratiques et des discours s’influencent mutuellement et que l’on peut parler de co-évolutions socio-environnementales.
24. One application of neural networks for detection of defects using video data bases: identification of road distresses
- Author
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Meignen, D., primary, Bernadet, M., additional, and Briand, H., additional
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. “Chromosome”: A rule-based image analysis system for chromosome classification.
- Author
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Ramstein, G., Bernadet, M., Kangoud, A., and Barba, D.
- Published
- 1992
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Protein requirements for growth, feed efficiency, and meat production in growing mule ducks
- Author
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Baéza, E., Bernadet, M. D., and Lessire, M.
- Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the protein requirements of female mule ducks during the starting (0 to 3 wk), growing (4 to 7 wk), and finishing (8 to 10 wk) periods. We performed 1 trial for each period. Five increasing dietary protein levels were tested for each period. All diets had the same ME content (12.12 MJ of ME/kg of feed), and the ratios between the main amino acids and lysine and the lysine-to-protein levels were similar. Six pens of 22 or 25 ducks were used per treatment. By adjustment with the more accurate model, the evolution of average BW, FCR, and weights of breast muscle and thighs with shanks was evaluated according to the protein level in the diets for each period. On the basis of our findings, 23.5, 15.4, and 13.8% CP levels could represent optimal levels in the starting, growing, and finishing diets, respectively. Increasing the protein level in diets for the starting, growing, and finishing periods from 15.4 to 25.3%, 10.8 to 16.6%, and 10.2 to 18.0%, respectively, decreased the efficiency of body protein deposition from 54 to 42%, 47 to 42%, and 79 to 45%, respectively. As a consequence, the nitrogen content in feces increased by 1.5-, 2.0-, and 1.9-fold, following a linear relationship with dietary nitrogen content.
- Published
- 2012
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27. Is there a relationship between the kinetics of lipoprotein lipase activity after a meal and the susceptibility to hepatic steatosis development in ducks?
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Saez, G., Baéza, E., Bernadet, M. D., and Davail, S.
- Subjects
- *
LIPOPROTEIN lipase , *MUSCOVY duck , *FATTY liver , *BLOOD plasma , *ANIMAL feeding - Abstract
The difference in the ability of Pekin and Muscovy ducks to develop hepatic steatosis could result from a different peripheral lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity, which hydrolyses triacylglycerol secreted by the liver. We studied the kinetics of plasma LPL activity in response to a meal at different ages in Pekin and Muscovy ducks. For that purpose, blood samples were taken at 5, 9, 12, 13, and 14 wk of age just before and 1, 2, 4, and 8 h after a meal. To release LPL into general circulation, an i.v. injection of heparin (400 lU/kg of BW) was administered 10 mm before blood collection. For that reason, different ducks per genotype were used for each point of measurement (n = 6). Plasma LPL activity measured before the meal was negatively correlated with the weight of the fatty liver measured in the same ducks at 14 wk of age (r = -0.58, P < 0.001). Plasma triacyiglycerol level measured before the meal was negatively correlated with plasma LPL activity measured in the same ducks (r = -0.31, P = 0.025) and was negatively correlated with plasma LPL activity measured in the same ducks for each age and each timing (r = -0.39, P < 0.001). At 14 wk of age for Muscovy and Pekin ducks, we observed that a high plasma LPL activity (>200 IU/L of plasma) corresponded to a relatively low development of fatty liver (190 g) induced by overfeeding, whereas a low plasma LPL activity (<150 lU/L of plasma) corresponded to a high propensity to develop fatty liver (470 g). In conclusion, plasma LPL activity measured just before the meal during the rearing period could be used as a marker of hepatic steatosis development during the overfeeding period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
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28. Comparison of nonlinear and spline regression models for describing mule duck growth curves.
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Vitezica, Z. G., Marie-Etance1in, C., Bernadet, M. D., Fernandez, X., and Robert-Granie, C.
- Subjects
- *
PARAMETERS (Statistics) , *RANDOM variables , *REGRESSION analysis , *DUCKS , *ANIMAL nutrition - Abstract
This study compared models for growth (BW) before overfeeding period for male mule duck data from 7 families of a QTL experimental design. Four nonlinear models (Gompertz, logistic, Richards, and Weibull) and a spline linear regression model were used. This study compared fixed and mixed effects models to analyze growth. The Akaike information criterion was used to evaluate these alternative models. Among the nonlinear models, the mixed effects Weibull model had the best overall fit. Two parameters, the asymptotic weight and the inflexion point age, were considered random variables associated with individuals in the mixed models. In our study, asymptotic weight had a greater effect in Akaike's information criterion reduction than inflexion point age. In this data set, the between-ducks variability was mostly explained by asymptotic BW. Comparing fixed with mixed effects models, the residual SD was reduced in about 55% in the latter, pointing out the improvement in the accuracy of estimated parameters. The mixed effects spline regression model was the second best model. Given the piecewise nature of growth, this model is able to capture different growth patterns, even with data collected beyond the asymptotic BW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
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29. Duration of transport and holding in lairage at constant postprandial delay to slaughter—Effects on fatty liver and breast muscle quality in mule ducks.
- Author
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Fernandez, X., Bouillier-Oudot, M., Molette, C., Bernadet, M. D., and Manse, H.
- Subjects
- *
SLAUGHTERING , *DUCKS , *FATTY liver , *BIOMARKERS , *MEAT quality - Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of preslaughter transport (30 vs. 150 min) and holding of mule ducks in lairage in their transport crates (15 vs. 120 min) on the quality of the meat and fatty liver. A total of 120 birds were allocated in a 2 × 2 factorial design with a constant postprandial delay to slaughter (8 h), to avoid the confounding between the effects of the experimental treatments and those of fasting duration. Under such conditions, extending the transport or holding duration did not induce a loss in preslaughter live weight or liver weight. Similarly, breast muscle glycogen stores were not affected by the treatments, nor was the kinetics of postmortem pH decline affected. The mechanical resistance of raw meat obtained by the compression test significantly increased with holding duration. The gross chemical composition of the livers did not differ significantly among the preslaughter treatments. Residual blood in the liver, as indicated by heme pigment concentration, was enhanced with a longer transport, but this effect was more pronounced after the longest holding duration, as shown by a significant interaction. This, however, did not significantly affect the incidence of appearance defects or the commercial grading of the livers. The percentage of fat loss during the cooking of canned livers was significantly reduced when the transport duration was increased. This effect could not be explained on the basis of the current knowledge for determining the technological quality of fatty liver. The identification of biological markers of liver quality is currently underway in our laboratory. Further investigations studying the differential expression of these biological markers according to preslaughter conditions would provide a better understanding of the effect of transport duration on liver processing yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
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30. Effects of Intramuscular Fat Levels on Sensory Characteristics of Duck Breast Meat.
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Chartrin, P., Méteau, K., Juin, H., Bernadet, M. D., Guy, G., Larzul, C., Rémignon, H., Mourot, J., Duclos, M. J., and Baéza, E.
- Subjects
- *
DUCKS , *MEAT quality , *ANIMAL feeding , *LIPIDS , *MUSCOVY duck , *GENETIC polymorphisms - Abstract
We conducted a study to evaluate the effects of intramuscular fat levels on the sensory characteristics of duck breast meat. Combining duck genotypes (Muscovy, Pekin, and their crossbreed hinny and mule ducks) and feeding levels (overfeeding between 12 and 14 wk of age vs. ad libitum feeding) enabled us to obtain a wide range of lipid levels in breast muscle. The average values were between 2.55 and 6.40 g per 100 g of muscle. Breast muscle from overfed ducks showed higher lipid and lower water levels than breast muscle from ducks fed ad libitum. Muscle from the overfed ducks was also paler in color and exhibited greater yellowness and cooking loss values. Juiciness was judged lower and flavor more pronounced in overfed ducks. Muscovy ducks exhibited higher breast weight and lower lipid levels than the other genotypes. At the other extreme, Pekin ducks exhibited the highest lipid levels and the lowest breast weights; values for these criteria were intermediate in hinny and mule ducks. Breast muscle of Muscovy ducks was paler, less red, and more yellow than that of other genotypes. Breast muscle of Pekin ducks exhibited the lowest values for lightness, yellowness, and energy necessary to shear meat, as well as the highest cooking loss values, and was judged more tender, juicy and less stringy than that of other genotypes. In contrast, scores for breast muscle of Muscovy ducks were the lowest for tenderness, juiciness, and flavor, and the highest for stringiness. Breast muscle of hinny and mule ducks scored the highest values for redness. Hinny ducks also scored the highest values for flavor. Genotype exerted a higher effect on the sensory quality of breast muscle than did feeding levels. Finally, increasing lipid levels in breast muscle increased lightness, yellowness, cooking loss, tenderness, and flavor, with correlation coefficients of 0.49, 0.47, 0.54, 0.43, and 0.28, respectively. However, breast meat color and tenderness were mainly influenced by genotype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
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31. PORTS DE PARIS : UN PILOTE DU DÉVELOPPEMENT LOGISTIQUE DE LA MÉTROPOLE PARISIENNE ?
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Raimbault, Nicolas, Raimbault, Nicolas, BERNADET M., FREMONT A., Systèmes Productifs, Logistique, Organisation des Transports et Travail (IFSTTAR/AME/SPLOTT), and Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Communauté Université Paris-Est
- Subjects
[SHS.ARCHI]Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management ,Planification ,Axe Seine ,[SHS.GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography ,Ports de Paris ,gouvernabilité métropolitaine ,[SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography ,[SHS.ARCHI] Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management ,Développement logistique ,[SHS.SCIPO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science ,[SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science - Abstract
National audience; La phase d'urbanisation actuelle se caractérise par une concentration particulièrement marquée d'infrastructures et de flux dans les très grandes villes : les gig@cities (D. Lorrain, 2008). Cette concentration matérielle pose des problèmes particuliers de production et de gestion aux gouvernements de ces territoires. Les activités logistiques participent de la dynamique de concentration métropolitaine. Leur développement se traduit par l'accumulation d'entrepôts, de terminaux, de flux d'informations et de marchandises au travers, vers et depuis les territoires métropolitains (M. Hesse, 2008) tel que celui de Paris. Cette accumulation, déroulée de manière largement silencieuse, commence peu à peu à poser problème à divers acteurs publics, très locaux, régionaux voire étatique. Ils proposent en réponse diverses formes de régulation de ce développement (N. Raimbault et al., 2013). Une demande de construction d'une capacité de pilotage à l'échelle métropolitaine de la dimension physique du développement logistique, c'est-à-dire une gouvernabilité métropolitaine appliquée aux enjeux logistiques, est peu à peu formulée. On retrouve dans le problème logistique un binôme bien connu de l'aménagement urbain (C. Prelorenzo, D. Rouillard, 2009 ; D. Lorrain, 2011). D'un côté, les processus immobiliers, locaux et largement privés, sont difficiles à gouverner et échappent à la planification. Ils sont à la fois fruits et facteurs de la fragmentation métropolitaine. Or c'est ainsi que la plupart des activités logistiques s'implantent. De l'autre côté, les infrastructures, les réseaux techniques et leurs gestionnaires constituent des ressources et des instruments précieux de gouvernabilité des métropoles. C'est principalement par leur biais que les métropoles sont tout de même gouvernées malgré l'émiettement institutionnel. Ces instruments n'existent que de manière incomplète en ce qui concerne les activités logistiques. À ce titre, Ports de Paris apparaît peu à peu comme le seul gestionnaire possible d'infrastructures logistiques. * Université Paris Est, IFSTTAR-SPLOTT. Cette communication s'inscrit dans le cadre du projet de recherche FLUIDE (FLeuve, Urbain, Intermodal, DurablE). Ce programme bénéficie du soutien de l'ANR (Agence nationale de la Recherche) Ville Durable. 116 Aussi, notre hypothèse est-elle que ce contexte problématique ouvre une fenêtre d'opportunité pour l'affirmation de Ports de Paris comme un pilote public du développement logistique métropolitain, au-delà de ses missions purement portuaires. Cette fenêtre est non seulement économique, en lien avec le regain d'intérêt pour le mode de transport fluvial (A. Frémont, 2012), mais aussi institutionnelle. On peut l'étudier à partir du concept de policy window et des trois streams de J. W. Kingdon (1995). S'il s'agit pour lui de mécanismes de mise à l'agenda d'une nouvelle action publique, nous appliquerons ces concepts tant à la mise à l'agenda qu'aux premiers éléments de mise en oeuvre de politiques d'aménagement logistique. En effet, mise à l'agenda et mise en oeuvre ne sont pas des phases bien différenciées en ce qui concerne l'action publique, plutôt discrète, que l'on souhaite étudier ici. Selon Kingdon, une fenêtre s'ouvre en faveur d'un changement d'action publique lorsqu'un problème formalisé (problem stream), ici l'ingouvernabilité logistique, rencontre une solution applicable (policy stream), une politique d'aménagement pilotée par Ports de Paris, portée par un moment politique favorable (politics stream), le « Grand Pari(s) » portuaire. Si ce dernier temps a été court, et dans une certaine mesure incomplet, nous montrerons qu'il n'a pas été sans effets. Ce mécanisme d'évolution institutionnelle en trois phases peut-il s'analyser comme un moteur de la « reconnexion » (P. Hall, 2010) des secteurs portuaire et logistique (rassemblés dans la même problématique) avec l'action publique métropolitaine, après des décennies d'indifférence mutuelle (A. Beyer, J. Debrie, 2011) ? Ou au contraire, rend-il simplement compte de la mutation d'une « déconnexion » (P. Hall, 2010) toujours à l'oeuvre ? Enfin, qu'est-ce qui est gouverné et qu'est-ce qui ne l'est pas par cette forme de gouvernement via une agence d'État ? Notre analyse s'appuie sur plusieurs entretiens menés avec des agents de Ports de Paris ainsi qu'avec différents acteurs de la région Île-de-France et sur l'étude des documents qu'ils produisent. Elle est aussi nourrie par deux ans de travail à l'Institut d'Aménagement et d'Urbanisme d'Île-de-France sur les enjeux du fret et de logistique et les échanges qu'il permet avec les agents en charge de la politique de la région Île-de-France en ce domaine.
- Published
- 2014
32. Les politiques de patrimonialisation des espaces fluviaux urbains : une approche comparée Pau/Saragosse
- Author
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Clarimont, Sylvie, Vlès, Vincent, Leichnig, Kildine, Institut de recherche du Val de Saône-Mâconnais, Passages, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Travail Organisation Pouvoir (CERTOP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Subvention de recherche de la Communauté d'agglomération Pau-Pyrénées, Bernadet M., and Frémont A.
- Subjects
Saragosse ,villes ,gave de Pau ,[SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography ,fleuves ,Ebre ,Patrimonialisation ,Pau - Abstract
International audience; Soucieuses de promouvoir de nouvelles formes de développement urbain plus durable et d’améliorer leur cadre de vie, de nombreuses villes ou intercommunalités s’engagent dans des projets de patrimonialisation de leurs espaces fluviaux. Si les grandes opérations de reconquête des fronts d’eau des années 1980 et 1990, guidées avant tout par une logique économique de réaffectation de parcelles urbanisables, ont fait l’objet de nombreuses publications, en revanche le mouvement actuel de patrimonialisation d’espaces fluviaux par des agglomérations de taille plus modeste semble encore peu exploré.Dans ce chapitre, nous nous proposons d’analyser les projets en cours (enjeux, étapes, limites) dans deux villes en position transfrontalière, Pau et Saragosse. Malgré leurs évidentes différences, ces deux villes se sont engagées dans une politique de valorisation de leurs espaces fluviaux censée renforcer l’attractivité de leur territoire. Le projet de reconquête des berges de l’Èbre et de ses affluents, entrepris depuis une dizaine d’années, vise non seulement à améliorer la qualité de vie dans la capitale aragonaise mais aussi à renforcer l’attractivité touristique de la destination. Saragosse cherche donc à se positionner comme ville fluviale aux portes des Pyrénées. Sur l’autre versant du massif, « Pau Porte des Pyrénées » affiche un positionnement quelque peu similaire. La CDAPP met en place depuis 2008-2009 divers projets de reconquête de son espace fluvial. Le projet Porte des Gaves a permis la création du stade d’eaux vives et cherche à réaménager les anciens quartiers industriels situés dans la plaine alluviale qui fait également l’objet de la création d’un Parc naturel urbain. Ce deuxième projet a pour objectif de « gérer et de valoriser les 350 has d’espaces de nature » situés au cœur de l’agglomération de Pau dont certaines zones classées en Natura 2000 et ZNIEFF.
- Published
- 2014
33. Gain-of-function Prolactin Receptor Variants Are Not Associated With Breast Cancer and Multiple Fibroadenoma Risk.
- Author
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Chakhtoura Z, Laki F, Bernadet M, Cherifi I, Chiche A, Pigat N, Bernichtein S, Courtillot C, Boutillon F, Bièche I, Vacher S, Tanguy ML, Bissery A, Grouthier V, Camparo P, Foretz M, Do Cruzeiro M, Pierre R, Rakotozafy F, Tichet J, Tejedor I, Guidotti JE, Sigal-Zafrani B, Goffin V, and Touraine P
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Animals, Cohort Studies, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Humans, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic, Middle Aged, Young Adult, Breast Neoplasms genetics, Fibroadenoma genetics, Receptors, Prolactin genetics
- Abstract
Context: In a cohort of 95 women with multiple breast fibroadenomas (MFAs), we recently identified patients harboring germline heterozygous variants of the prolactin receptor (PRLR) exhibiting constitutive activity (PRLR
I146L and PRLRI176V )., Objective: This study sought to better delineate the potential role of PRLR gain-of-function variants in benign and malignant mammary tumorigenesis., Design: This was an observational study and transgenic mouse model analysis., Setting: The study took place at the Department of Endocrinology, Reproductive Disorders and Rare Gynecologic Diseases, Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, and Inserm Unit 1151, Paris., Patients or Other Participants: We generated a second MFA cohort (n = 71) as well as a group of control subjects (n = 496) and a cohort of women with breast cancer (n = 119). We also generated two transgenic mouse models carrying the coding sequences of human PRLRI146L or PRLRWT ., Intervention: We aimed to determine the prevalence of PRLR variants in these three populations and to uncover any association of the latter with specific tumor pattern, especially in patients with breast cancer., Results: This study did not highlight a higher prevalence of PRLR variants in the MFA group and in the breast cancer group compared with control subjects. Transgenic mice expressing PRLRI146L exhibited very mild histological mammary phenotype but tumors were never observed., Conclusion: PRLRI146L and PRLRI176V variants are not associated with breast cancer or MFA risk. However, one cannot exclude that low but sustained PRLR signaling may facilitate or contribute to pathological development driven by oncogenic pathways. Long-term patient follow-up should help to address this issue.- Published
- 2016
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34. A Residue Quartet in the Extracellular Domain of the Prolactin Receptor Selectively Controls Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Signaling.
- Author
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Zhang C, Nygaard M, Haxholm GW, Boutillon F, Bernadet M, Hoos S, England P, Broutin I, Kragelund BB, and Goffin V
- Subjects
- Cell Line, Cell Membrane metabolism, Cell Proliferation, Circular Dichroism, Cytokines metabolism, Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases metabolism, Humans, Ligands, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Protein Binding, Protein Multimerization, Protein Structure, Tertiary, STAT5 Transcription Factor metabolism, Signal Transduction, Spectrometry, Fluorescence, MAP Kinase Signaling System, Receptors, Prolactin metabolism
- Abstract
Cytokine receptors elicit several signaling pathways, but it is poorly understood how they select and discriminate between them. We have scrutinized the prolactin receptor as an archetype model of homodimeric cytokine receptors to address the role of the extracellular membrane proximal domain in signal transfer and pathway selection. Structure-guided manipulation of residues involved in the receptor dimerization interface identified one residue (position 170) that in cell-based assays profoundly altered pathway selectivity and species-specific bio-characteristics. Subsequent in vitro spectroscopic and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses revealed that this residue was part of a residue quartet responsible for specific local structural changes underlying these effects. This included alteration of a novel aromatic T-stack within the membrane proximal domain, which promoted selective signaling affecting primarily the MAPK (ERK1/2) pathway. Importantly, activation of the MAPK pathway correlated with in vitro stabilities of ternary ligand·receptor complexes, suggesting a threshold mean lifetime of the complex necessary to achieve maximal activation. No such dependence was observed for STAT5 signaling. Thus, this study establishes a residue quartet in the extracellular membrane proximal domain of homodimeric cytokine receptors as a key regulator of intracellular signaling discrimination., (© 2015 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.)
- Published
- 2015
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35. Residue 146 regulates prolactin receptor folding, basal activity and ligand-responsiveness: potential implications in breast tumorigenesis.
- Author
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Zhang C, Cherifi I, Nygaard M, Haxholm GW, Bogorad RL, Bernadet M, England P, Broutin I, Kragelund BB, Guidotti JE, and Goffin V
- Subjects
- Amino Acid Substitution, Animals, Cell Differentiation, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Proliferation, Circular Dichroism, Female, HEK293 Cells, Humans, MCF-7 Cells, Mice, Models, Molecular, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular, Protein Conformation, Protein Folding, Receptors, Prolactin metabolism, Breast Neoplasms metabolism, DNA Mutational Analysis methods, Receptors, Prolactin chemistry, Receptors, Prolactin genetics
- Abstract
PRLR(I146L) is the first identified gain-of-function variant of the prolactin receptor (PRLR) that was proposed to be associated with benign breast tumorigenesis. Structural investigations suggested this hydrophobic core position in the extracellular D2 domain to be linked to receptor dimerization. Here, we used a mutational approach to address how the conservative I-to-L substitution induced constitutive activity. Using cell-based assays of different I146-PRLR variants in combination with spectroscopic/nuclear magnetic resonance analyses we found that chemical manipulation of position 146 profoundly altered folding, PRL-responsiveness, and ligand-independent activity of the receptor in a mutation-specific manner. Together, these data further add to the critical role of position 146, showing it to also be crucial to structural integrity thereby imposing on the biological PRLR properties. When stably introduced in MCF-7 (luminal) and MDA-MB231 (mesenchymal) breast cancer cells, the most potent of the PRL-insensitive mutants (PRLR(I146D)) had minimal impact on cell proliferation and cell differentiation status., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2015
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36. Prolactin induces apoptosis of lactotropes in female rodents.
- Author
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Ferraris J, Zárate S, Jaita G, Boutillon F, Bernadet M, Auffret J, Seilicovich A, Binart N, Goffin V, and Pisera D
- Subjects
- Animals, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Down-Regulation drug effects, Estrous Cycle drug effects, Female, Gene Knockout Techniques, Lactotrophs metabolism, Mice, Prolactin metabolism, Rats, Receptors, Prolactin deficiency, Receptors, Prolactin genetics, Receptors, Prolactin metabolism, Signal Transduction drug effects, Apoptosis drug effects, Lactotrophs cytology, Lactotrophs drug effects, Prolactin pharmacology
- Abstract
Anterior pituitary cell turnover occurring during female sexual cycle is a poorly understood process that involves complex regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis by multiple hormones. In rats, the prolactin (PRL) surge that occurs at proestrus coincides with the highest apoptotic rate. Since anterior pituitary cells express the prolactin receptor (PRLR), we aimed to address the actual role of PRL in the regulation of pituitary cell turnover in cycling females. We showed that acute hyperprolactinemia induced in ovariectomized rats using PRL injection or dopamine antagonist treatment rapidly increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation specifically of PRL producing cells (lactotropes), suggesting a direct regulation of these cell responses by PRL. To demonstrate that apoptosis naturally occurring at proestrus was regulated by transient elevation of endogenous PRL levels, we used PRLR-deficient female mice (PRLRKO) in which PRL signaling is totally abolished. According to our hypothesis, no increase in lactotrope apoptotic rate was observed at proestrus, which likely contributes to pituitary tumorigenesis observed in these animals. To decipher the molecular mechanisms underlying PRL effects, we explored the isoform-specific pattern of PRLR expression in cycling wild type females. This analysis revealed dramatic changes of long versus short PRLR ratio during the estrous cycle, which is particularly relevant since these isoforms exhibit distinct signaling properties. This pattern was markedly altered in a model of chronic PRLR signaling blockade involving transgenic mice expressing a pure PRLR antagonist (TGΔ1-9-G129R-hPRL), providing evidence that PRL regulates the expression of its own receptor in an isoform-specific manner. Taken together, these results demonstrate that i) the PRL surge occurring during proestrus is a major proapoptotic signal for lactotropes, and ii) partial or total deficiencies in PRLR signaling in the anterior pituitary may result in pituitary hyperplasia and eventual prolactinoma development, as observed in TGΔ1-9-G129R-hPRL and PRLRKO mice, respectively.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Detection of QTL controlling metabolism, meat quality, and liver quality traits of the overfed interspecific hybrid mule duck.
- Author
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Kileh-Wais M, Elsen JM, Vignal A, Feves K, Vignoles F, Fernandez X, Manse H, Davail S, André JM, Bastianelli D, Bonnal L, Filangi O, Baéza E, Guéméné D, Genêt C, Bernadet MD, Dubos F, and Marie-Etancelin C
- Subjects
- Animal Feed, Animals, Diet veterinary, Ducks genetics, Female, Genetic Linkage, Genotype, Male, Microsatellite Repeats, Quantitative Trait Loci, Sex Factors, Animal Husbandry methods, Crosses, Genetic, Liver physiology, Meat standards
- Abstract
The mule duck, an interspecific hybrid obtained by crossing common duck (Anas platyrhynchos) females with Muscovy (Cairina moschata) drakes, is widely used for fatty liver production. The purpose of the present study was to detect and map single and pleiotropic QTL that segregate in the common duck species, and influence the expression of traits in their overfed mule duck offspring. To this end, we generated a common duck backcross (BC) population by crossing Kaiya and heavy Pekin experimental lines, which differ notably in regard to the BW and overfeeding ability of their mule progeny. The BC females were mated to Muscovy drakes and, on average, 4 male mule ducks hatched per BC female (1600 in total) and were measured for growth, metabolism during growth and the overfeeding period, overfeeding ability, and the quality of their breast meat and fatty liver. The phenotypic value of BC females was estimated for each trait by assigning to each female the mean value of the phenotypes of her offspring. Estimations allowed for variance, which depended on the number of male offspring per BC and the heritability of the trait considered. The genetic map used for QTL detection consisted of 91 microsatellite markers aggregated into 16 linkage groups (LG) covering a total of 778 cM. Twenty-two QTL were found to be significant at the 1% chromosome-wide threshold level using the single-trait detection option of the QTLMap software. Most of the QTL detected were related to the quality of breast meat and fatty liver: QTL for meat pH 20 min post mortem were mapped to LG4 (at the 1% genome-wide significance level), and QTL for meat lipid content and cooking losses were mapped to LG2a. The QTL related to fatty liver weight and liver protein and lipid content were for the most part detected on LG2c and LG9. Multitrait analysis highlighted the pleiotropic effects of QTL in these chromosome regions. Apart from the strong QTL for plasma triglyceride content at the end of the overfeeding period mapped to chromosome Z using single-trait analysis, all metabolic trait QTL were detected with the multitrait approach: the QTL mapped to LG14 and LG21 affected the plasma cholesterol and triglyceride contents, whereas the QTL mapped to LG2a seemed to impact glycemia and the basal plasma corticosterone content. A greater density genetic map will be needed to further fine map the QTL.
- Published
- 2013
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38. Prolactin receptor antagonism in mouse anterior pituitary: effects on cell turnover and prolactin receptor expression.
- Author
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Ferraris J, Boutillon F, Bernadet M, Seilicovich A, Goffin V, and Pisera D
- Subjects
- Animals, Apoptosis drug effects, Cell Line, Cells, Cultured, Hormone Antagonists metabolism, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mice, Transgenic, Organ Size, Pituitary Gland, Anterior cytology, Pituitary Gland, Anterior drug effects, Pituitary Gland, Anterior pathology, Prolactin antagonists & inhibitors, Prolactin genetics, Prolactin metabolism, Prolactin pharmacology, Protein Isoforms genetics, Protein Isoforms metabolism, RNA, Messenger metabolism, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Receptors, Prolactin antagonists & inhibitors, Receptors, Prolactin genetics, Recombinant Proteins metabolism, Recombinant Proteins pharmacology, Signal Transduction drug effects, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Gene Expression Regulation drug effects, Hormone Antagonists pharmacology, Pituitary Gland, Anterior metabolism, Prolactin analogs & derivatives, Prolactin physiology, Receptors, Prolactin metabolism
- Abstract
Since anterior pituitary expresses prolactin receptors, prolactin secreted by lactotropes could exert autocrine or paracrine actions on anterior pituitary cells. In fact, it has been observed that prolactin inhibits its own expression by lactotropes. Our hypothesis is that prolactin participates in the control of anterior pituitary cell turnover. In the present study, we explored the action of prolactin on proliferation and apoptosis of anterior pituitary cells and its effect on the expression of the prolactin receptor. To determine the activity of endogenous prolactin, we evaluated the effect of the competitive prolactin receptor antagonist Δ1-9-G129R-hPRL in vivo, using transgenic mice that constitutively and systemically express this antagonist. The weight of the pituitary gland and the anterior pituitary proliferation index, determined by BrdU incorporation, were higher in transgenic mice expressing the antagonist than in wild-type littermates. In addition, blockade of prolactin receptor in vitro by Δ1-9-G129R-hPRL increased proliferation and inhibited apoptosis of somatolactotrope GH3 cells and of primary cultures of male rat anterior pituitary cells, including lactotropes. These results suggest that prolactin acts as an autocrine/paracrine antiproliferative and proapoptotic factor in the anterior pituitary gland. In addition, anterior pituitary expression of the long isoform of the prolactin receptor, measured by real-time PCR, increased about 10-fold in transgenic mice expressing the prolactin receptor antagonist, whereas only a modest increase in the S3 short-isoform expression was observed. These results suggest that endogenous prolactin may regulate its own biological actions in the anterior pituitary by inhibiting the expression of the long isoform of the prolactin receptor. In conclusion, our observations suggest that prolactin is involved in the maintenance of physiological cell renewal in the anterior pituitary. Alterations in this physiological role of prolactin could contribute to pituitary tumor development.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Influence of lipoprotein-lipase activity on plasma triacylglycerol concentration and lipid storage in three genotypes of ducks.
- Author
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André JM, Guy G, Gontier-Latonnelle K, Bernadet MD, Davail B, Hoo-Paris R, and Davail S
- Subjects
- Adipose Tissue metabolism, Animal Feed, Animal Nutrition Sciences, Animals, Body Composition, Body Weight, Female, Genotype, Lipid Metabolism, Male, Species Specificity, Ducks genetics, Lipids chemistry, Lipoprotein Lipase metabolism, Triglycerides blood
- Abstract
The lipoprotein-lipase (LPL) hydrolyses the triacylglycerols (TG) secreted by the liver and, thus, allows the storage of lipids onto the extrahepatic tissues. The LPL activity has been studied by injection of LPL antibodies in three genotypes of ducks (Muscovy (Cairina moschat), Pekin (Anas plathyrhynchos) and Mule (hybrids of male Muscovy ducks and female Pekin ducks)) under overfeeding condition. The results show a similar weight gain between injected and control animals. A higher liver steatosis is observed in Mule ducks (616+/-18 g; 8.79% of body mass (BW)) and Muscovy ducks (514+/-13 g; 7.05% BW) compared to Pekin ducks (353+/-21 g; 5.89% BW, p<0.05). Pekin ducks showed a much marked extrahepatic fattening of abdominal and subcutaneous adipose tissues. The LPL activity was evaluated by comparing the evolution of the plasma TG concentrations after injections of saline (control animals) or injections of specific LPL-antibodies. Inhibition of LPL activity performed by intravenous injections of LPL-antibodies showed a spectacular increase in the plasma TG concentrations in the three genotypes. That increase was considerably higher in Pekin ducks (98+/-10 g/L) compared to Muscovy ducks (35+/-2 g/L, p<0.01) and Mule ducks (30+/-4 g/L, p<0.01). Those data suggest that a high export of lipids synthesized in liver and a high LPL activity occur in overfed Pekin ducks, which can favour the extrahepatic fattening to the detriment of the liver steatosis, and conversely in overfed Muscovy and Mule ducks.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Expression of the glucokinase gene in mule duck liver and glucokinase activities in chicken and mule duck livers.
- Author
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Berradi H, Bernadet MD, Guy G, and Rideau N
- Subjects
- Animal Feed, Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Animals, Diet, Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic, Insulin metabolism, Male, Chickens genetics, Chickens metabolism, Ducks genetics, Ducks metabolism, Glucokinase genetics, Glucokinase metabolism, Liver enzymology
- Abstract
The presence of glucokinase (GK), a critical enzyme controlling glucose homeostasis, particularly liver glucose utilization in mammals, has long been a matter of debate in avian species because a number of investigators have failed to detect GK activity in the livers of chickens and several other avian species. In this study, we cloned a partial GK cDNA from mule duck livers and measured GK-like activity in the livers of mule ducks and broiler chickens under 2 nutritional states. Liver samples from 5-wk-old meal-fed male broiler chickens (Ross) were obtained from overnight-fasted chickens (BC) and 5 h after an oral saccharose load (6 mL/kg of BW of a 50% saccharose solution) given just before the meal (BS). Liver samples from 15-wk-old mule ducks were collected after an overnight fast (DC) and 12 h after the last overfeeding meal (DO). A partial cDNA ( approximately 600 bp) was obtained from duck livers. It presented 99% identity with chicken partial GK cDNA (gi 44888789) and 82% identity with human GK (gi 15967158). Chicken liver weights represented 1.8 and 3.3% of BW, respectively, for BC and BS (n = 8, P < 0.05). Glucokinase and low-Michaelis constant hexokinase (HK) activity levels were similar in BC (respectively, 0.88 and 1.00 mU/mg of protein). In response to the meal load, GK activity increased significantly (+57%), whereas HK decreased (-46%) in BS. Duck liver weights represented 1.4 and 7.6% of BW, respectively, for DC and DO (n = 8, P < 0.05). In DC livers, GK activity was significantly higher than HK activity (respectively, 1.76 and 0.63 mU/mg of protein). Both activities were significantly increased in DO (2 times, n = 8, P < 0.05). In conclusion, GK is present in ducks as well as chickens, and it is nutritionally regulated in avian species as well as in mammals. Further work will determine whether the higher liver GK activity and GK:HK ratio in DC compared with BC is related to age or BW or linked to the high lipogenic capacity of the duck liver.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Do age and feeding levels have comparable effects on fat deposition in breast muscle of mule ducks?
- Author
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Chartrin P, Bernadet MD, Guy G, Mourot J, Hocquette JF, Rideau N, Duclos MJ, and Baéza E
- Abstract
The effects of age (from 1 day post-hatch to 98 days of age) and feeding levels (feed restriction followed by overfeeding v. ad libitum feeding) on lipid deposition in breast muscle (quantity and quality, localisation) of mule ducks were determined in relation to muscle energy metabolism (glycolytic and oxidative), plasma levels of lipids, glucose and insulin, and muscle capacity for lipid uptake (characterised by lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity). Two periods were defined for age effects on intramuscular lipids in breast muscle: - 1 to 42 days of age when lipids (mainly phospholipids and cholesterol provided by egg yolk) stored in the adipocytes during embryonic life were transferred to the muscle fibres and used for growth and energy requirements, - 42 to 98 days of age when the muscle again stored lipids (mainly triglycerides provided by liver lipogenesis), first in fibres and then in adipocytes.Plasma glucose and insulin levels were not affected by age. Plasma levels of lipids and LPL activity in breast muscle were high at 1 and 14 days of age and then decreased, remaining stable until 98 days of age. Energy metabolism activity in the breast muscle (mainly glycolytic activity) increased with age.Feed restriction, corresponding to 79% of ad libitum intake, applied between 42 and 75 days of age only resulted in decreases in plasma insulin concentration and total lipid content of breast muscle, mainly affecting triglyceride and mono-unsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) levels. Overfeeding increased plasma levels of insulin and lipids while glycaemia remained stable. LPL activity and total lipid levels increased in breast muscle, mainly induced by deposition of triglycerides and MUFA occurring particularly during the 2nd week of this period. Glycolytic energy metabolism decreased.In response to age or feeding levels, muscle lipid levels and composition reflect plasma lipid levels and composition and high muscle lipid levels stimulate oxidative energy metabolism.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Expression patterns of TEL genes in Poaceae suggest a conserved association with cell differentiation.
- Author
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Paquet N, Bernadet M, Morin H, Traas J, Dron M, and Charon C
- Subjects
- Amino Acid Sequence, Cell Differentiation physiology, Conserved Sequence, Genes, Plant, Phylogeny, Plant Proteins genetics, Plant Proteins metabolism, RNA-Binding Proteins genetics, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Biological Evolution, Cell Differentiation genetics, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant physiology, Poaceae genetics, Poaceae metabolism
- Abstract
Poaceae species present a conserved distichous phyllotaxy (leaf position along the stem) and share common properties with respect to leaf initiation. The goal of this work was to determine if these common traits imply common genes. Therefore, homologues of the maize TERMINAL EAR1 gene in Poaceae were studied. This gene encodes an RNA-binding motif (RRM) protein, that is suggested to regulate leaf initiation. Using degenerate primers, one unique tel (terminal ear1-like) gene from seven Poaceae members, covering almost all the phylogenetic tree of the family, was identified by PCR. These genes present a very high degree of similarity, a much conserved exon-intron structure, and the three RRMs and TEL characteristic motifs. The evolution of tel sequences in Poaceae strongly correlates with the known phylogenetic tree of this family. RT-PCR gene expression analyses show conserved tel expression in the shoot apex in all species, suggesting functional orthology between these genes. In addition, in situ hybridization experiments with specific antisense probes show tel transcript accumulation in all differentiating cells of the leaf, from the recruitment of leaf founder cells to leaf margins cells. Tel expression is not restricted to initiating leaves as it is also found in pro-vascular tissues, root meristems, and immature inflorescences. Therefore, these results suggest that TEL is not only associated with leaf initiation but more generally with cell differentiation in Poaceae.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. [On massive hematic eosinophilia with splenomegaly (Chalier-Levrat syndrome)].
- Author
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GADRAT J, QUERCY J, ANDRE, and BERNADET M
- Subjects
- Humans, Eosinophilia, Leukocyte Disorders, Medical Records, Splenomegaly complications, Syndrome
- Published
- 1960
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