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3. Income gradients in oral health according to child age

Author

Bernabé, E, Sabbah, W, Delgado-Angulo, EK, Murasko, JE, and Gansky, SA

Subjects
Dentistry
Abstract

This study aimed to confirm whether the well-known income disparities in oral health seen over the life course are indeed absent in 9- to 11-yr-old children, and to explore the role of access to dental care in explaining the age-profile of the income gradient in child oral health. We used data from the 2007 United States National Survey of Children's Health. Income gradients in parental reports of children's decayed teeth or cavities, toothache, broken teeth, bleeding gums, and fair/poor condition of teeth were assessed in stratified analyses according to age of child (1-5, 6-8, 9-11, 12-14, and 15-17 yr), using survey logistic regression to control for family-, parental-, and child-level covariates. Health insurance status and use of preventive dental care were the indicators for children's access to dental care. The adjusted ORs for the effect of family income on having decayed teeth or cavities, toothache, and fair/poor condition of teeth were not significant in 9- to 11-yr-old children. Different age-patterns were found for broken teeth and bleeding gums. The attenuation of the income gradients in having decayed teeth or cavities, toothache, and fair/poor condition of teeth, previously seen in 9- to 11-yr-old children, was also seen in 15- to 17-, 12- to 14-, and 6- to 8-yr-old children, respectively, after controlling for children's access to dental care. This study supports the attenuation of income inequalities in oral health in 9- to 11-yr-old children. Access to dental care could attenuate income gradients in oral health in other age groups.

Published
2015

4. Mind the map? Mapping the academic, citizen and professional stakeholder views on buildings and heating behaviour in Spain

Author

López-Bernabé, E., Foudi, S., Galarraga, I., López-Bernabé, E., Foudi, S., and Galarraga, I.

Abstract

The residential building sector is a major driver of current and future energy consumption and associated CO2 emissions. The main use of energy by households is for heating. Consumers heating behaviour results from the interactions of internal and external drivers, which makes it a complex system. We used Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping method to represent key drivers and interactions in that system. Maps were drawn up at three focus groups representing different social groups from Spain academics, citizens and energy experts in order to capture heterogeneity of behaviours. Maps seek to identify and set out the factors that influence heating costs as well as private and public adaptation measures to minimise them. The core common concepts of the maps deal with consumer behaviour regarding investment in energy efficiency technologies such insulation or thermostat, attitudes regarding the environment or the thermal comfort temperature, economic factors such as price and income and regulatory interventions. The most significant differences between the groups were that the academics and energy experts considered that taxes could improve energy savings. The results shown in this paper may be helpful in designing effective policies on heating consumption. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd

Published
2022

5. Energy-efficiency policies for decarbonising residential heating in Spain: A fuzzy cognitive mapping approach

Author

López-Bernabé, E., Linares, P., Galarraga, I., López-Bernabé, E., Linares, P., and Galarraga, I.

Abstract

Decarbonising residential heating poses a major challenge for the energy transition, but the policy attention devoted to and the support provided for it seem limited. There is a rather limited consideration of the perceptions of households, which play a large role in this sector. This in turn may affect the effectiveness of policy instruments. This study contributes to a better understanding of the various perceptions held by key stakeholders, in particular about what can be done to reduce residential heating bills and how. We use a participatory method based on Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping (FCM), which accounts for the behavioural complexity of the transition in residential heating and provides a better understanding of policy instruments in terms of stakeholder perception. We then test combinations of policy instruments based on expert opinion and identify the most effective ones based on their perceptions. Our analysis indicates that environmental education and information are perceived to reduce heating bills by a very significant amount. Taxes are perceived to be more effective than subsidies. We also show that policy packages are considered essential: when policy instruments are combined the effects perceived are cumulative, resulting in a much greater expected impact on heating bills and energy consumption. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd

Published
2022

6. La importancia de la eficiencia energética: evidencia reciente para España

Author

Galarraga, I., López-Bernabé, E., Ojeda, C., Solà, M. M., de Ayala, A., Galarraga, I., López-Bernabé, E., Ojeda, C., Solà, M. M., and de Ayala, A.

Abstract

The IPCC report shows that there is a gap between the need to achieve net GHG emissions by 2050, and what has been promised by political leaders. In this context, energy efficiency can play a key role in promoting energy savings, and yet we observe low levels of energy efficiency investments. It is therefore crucial to investigate the main causes of this apparent paradox. This article analyses the different barriers to invest in energy efficiency, also reviewing the public policy instruments that would allow them to be addressed, offering an overview of some of the latest contributions to the Spanish case.

Published
2022

10. Factors affecting energy-efficiency investment in the hotel industry: survey results from Spain

Author

López-Bernabé, E., Foudi, S., Galarraga, I., López-Bernabé, E., Foudi, S., and Galarraga, I.

Abstract

Increasing energy efficiency is a major way of saving energy and thus reducing energy expenses. However, adoption of energy efficiency is generally low, as demonstrated by the energy efficiency gap. To understand that gap, this paper analyses the factors that affect how the energy efficiency attribute is rated in investment in heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems in the hotel industry in Spain. A survey conducted on two hundred owners of hotels, hostels and holiday cottages (referred to jointly here for the sake of convenience as the hotel industry ) shows that the value placed on energy efficiency is influenced not just by climate conditions, environmental concern and type of hotel but also by other attributes of the HVAC system such as brand reliability, price and performance. The hotel industry may also be identifying EE as a proxy for quality rather than savings. Designing the right energy-efficiency policy entails accounting for potential responses by agents, and this analysis helps identify those drivers to which they may or may not respond. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. part of Springer Nature.

Published
2021

11. Consumers’ preferences regarding energy efficiency: a qualitative analysis based on the household and services sectors in Spain

Author

de Ayala, A., Foudi, S., Solà, M.d.M, López-Bernabé, E., Galarraga, I., de Ayala, A., Foudi, S., Solà, M.d.M, López-Bernabé, E., and Galarraga, I.

Abstract

Informational failures frequently lead consumers to make non-optimal energy-efficient purchasing decisions. Energy efficiency labels seek to influence consumer behaviour at the point of sale by reducing informational failures regarding energy efficiency. However, several informational and behavioural factors contribute to the energy efficiency gap and could render label-oriented policies useless. The purchasing decision model of Allcott and Greenstone (The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 26, 3 28, 2012) is used here to explore the different factors that influence purchasing decisions and understand (i) the importance of energy consumption compared to other attributes; (ii) how consumers weight energy savings and (iii) what other benefits and costs influence the purchase of energy-efficient goods. The analysis reported here is based on qualitative research methods and is conducted in the household and service sectors (the accommodation sector and private service companies), for appliances, heating and cooling systems and cars in Spain. Results show that (i) there is still an informational gap regarding energy labels and (ii) bounded rationality and end-user behaviour are important limiting factors for the purchase of energy-efficient goods in Spain. © 2020, The Author(s).

Published
2021

12. Mind the map? Mapping the academic, citizen and professional stakeholder views on buildings and heating behaviour in Spain

Author

López-Bernabé, E., Foudi, S., Galarraga, I., López-Bernabé, E., Foudi, S., and Galarraga, I.

Abstract

The residential building sector is a major driver of current and future energy consumption and associated CO2 emissions. The main use of energy by households is for heating. Consumers heating behaviour results from the interactions of internal and external drivers, which makes it a complex system. We used Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping method to represent key drivers and interactions in that system. Maps were drawn up at three focus groups representing different social groups from Spain academics, citizens and energy experts in order to capture heterogeneity of behaviours. Maps seek to identify and set out the factors that influence heating costs as well as private and public adaptation measures to minimise them. The core common concepts of the maps deal with consumer behaviour regarding investment in energy efficiency technologies such insulation or thermostat, attitudes regarding the environment or the thermal comfort temperature, economic factors such as price and income and regulatory interventions. The most significant differences between the groups were that the academics and energy experts considered that taxes could improve energy savings. The results shown in this paper may be helpful in designing effective policies on heating consumption. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd

Published
2020

25. Interdental cleaning and periodontal pocketing among finnish adults

Author

Bernabé, E. (Eduardo), Knuuttila, M. (Matti), Suominen, A. L. (Anna L.), Bernabé, E. (Eduardo), Knuuttila, M. (Matti), and Suominen, A. L. (Anna L.)

Abstract

Aim: To investigate the relationship between frequency of interdental cleaning and 11‐year change in teeth with periodontal pocketing in Finnish adults. Methods: Data from 1667 dentate adults, aged 30 to 82 years, who participated in the Health 2000 survey and were re‐examined in 2004 and/or 2011 were analysed. Participants reported their frequency of interdental cleaning (either dental floss or interdental brush) at baseline. Teeth with periodontal pocketing (PD) ≥4 mm were counted in every survey and treated as a repeated outcome. The association between the frequency of interdental cleaning and the number of teeth with PD ≥4 mm was evaluated in linear mixed effects models, controlling for demographic factors, socioeconomic position, diabetes, smoking status, toothbrushing frequency, dental attendance and number of teeth. Results: Twelve per cent of adults reported daily interdental cleaning. Significant inverse linear trends in the number of teeth with PD ≥4 mm were found in every survey according to the frequency of interdental cleaning. However, this association was completely attenuated after adjustment for the full set of confounders. Contrarily, toothbrushing frequency was negatively associated with the baseline number of teeth with PD ≥4 mm and its rate of change over time. Conclusion: Interdental cleaning was not associated with 11‐year change in periodontal pocketing after accounting for other established risk factors for periodontal disease.

Published
2019

27. Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author

Fullman, N, Yearwood, J, Abay, S, Abbafati, C, Abd-Allah, F, Abdela, J, Abdelalim, A, Abebe, Z, Abebo, T, Aboyans, V, Abraha, H, Abreu, D, Abu-Raddad, L, Adane, A, Adedoyin, R, Adetokunboh, O, Adhikari, T, Afarideh, M, Afshin, A, Agarwal, G, Agius, D, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Ahmad Kiadaliri, A, Aichour, M, Akibu, M, Akinyemi, R, Akinyemiju, T, Akseer, N, Al Lami, F, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, T, Alasfoor, D, Albittar, M, Alene, K, Al-Eyadhy, A, Ali, S, Alijanzadeh, M, Aljunid, S, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Allen, C, Alomari, M, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, A, Amenu, K, Ammar, W, Amoako, Y, Anber, N, Andrei, C, Androudi, S, Antonio, C, Araújo, V, Aremu, O, Ärnlöv, J, Artaman, A, Aryal, K, Asayesh, H, Asfaw, E, Asgedom, S, Asghar, R, Ashebir, M, Asseffa, N, Atey, T, Atre, S, Atteraya, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, E, Awasthi, A, Ayala Quintanilla, B, Ayalew, A, Ayele, H, Ayer, R, Ayuk, T, Azzopardi, P, Azzopardi-Muscat, N, Babalola, T, Badali, H, Badawi, A, Banach, M, Banerjee, A, Banstola, A, Barber, R, Barboza, M, Barker-Collo, S, Bärnighausen, T, Barquera, S, Barrero, L, Bassat, Q, Basu, S, Baune, B, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Behzadifar, M, Bekele, B, Belachew, A, Belay, S, Belay, Y, Bell, M, Bello, A, Bennett, D, Bennett, J, Bensenor, I, Berhe, D, Bernabé, E, Bernstein, R, Beuran, M, Bhalla, A, Bhatt, P, Bhaumik, S, Bhutta, Z, Biadgo, B, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Birungi, C, Biryukov, S, Bizuneh, H, Bolliger, I, Bolt, K, Bou-Orm, I, Bozorgmehr, K, Brady, O, Brazinova, A, Breitborde, N, Brenner, H, Britton, G, Brugha, T, Butt, Z, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Campos-Nonato, I, Campuzano, J, Car, J, Car, M, Cárdenas, R, Carrero, J, Carvalho, F, Castañeda-Orjuela, C, Castillo Rivas, J, Catalá-López, F, Cercy, K, Chalek, J, Chang, H, Chang, J, Chattopadhyay, A, Chaturvedi, P, Chiang, P, Chisumpa, V, Choi, J, Christensen, H, Christopher, D, Chung, S, Ciobanu, L, Cirillo, M, Colombara, D, Conti, S, Cooper, C, Cornaby, L, Cortesi, P, Cortinovis, M, Costa Pereira, A, Cousin, E, Criqui, M, Cromwell, E, Crowe, C, Crump, J, Daba, A, Dachew, B, Dadi, A, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Dargan, P, Daryani, A, Daryani, M, Das, J, Das, S, das Neves, J, Davis Weaver, N, Davletov, K, de Courten, B, De Leo, D, De Neve, J, Dellavalle, R, Demoz, G, Deribe, K, Des Jarlais, D, Dey, S, Dharmaratne, S, Dhimal, M, Djalalinia, S, Doku, D, Dolan, K, Dorsey, E, dos Santos, K, Doyle, K, Driscoll, T, Dubey, M, Dubljanin, E, Duncan, B, Echko, M, Edessa, D, Edvardsson, D, Ehrlich, J, Eldrenkamp, E, El-Khatib, Z, Endres, M, Endries, A, Eshrati, B, Eskandarieh, S, Esteghamati, A, Fakhar, M, Farag, T, Faramarzi, M, Faraon, E, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Fatusi, A, Fazeli, M, Feigin, V, Feigl, A, Fentahun, N, Fereshtehnejad, S, Fernandes, E, Fernandes, J, Fijabi, D, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Fitzmaurice, C, Flaxman, A, Flor, L, Foigt, N, Foreman, K, Frostad, J, Fürst, T, Futran, N, Gakidou, E, Gallus, S, Gambashidze, K, Gamkrelidze, A, Ganji, M, Gebre, A, Gebrehiwot, T, Gebremedhin, A, Gelaw, Y, Geleijnse, J, Geremew, D, Gething, P, Ghadimi, R, Ghasemi Falavarjani, K, Ghasemi-Kasman, M, Gill, P, Giref, A, Giroud, M, Gishu, M, Giussani, G, Godwin, W, Goli, S, Gomez-Dantes, H, Gona, P, Goodridge, A, Gopalani, S, Goryakin, Y, Goulart, A, Grada, A, Griswold, M, Grosso, G, Gugnani, H, Guo, Y, Gupta, R, Gupta, T, Gupta, V, Haagsma, J, Hachinski, V, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Hailu, G, Hamadeh, R, Hamidi, S, Hankey, G, Harb, H, Harewood, H, Harikrishnan, S, Haro, J, Hassen, H, Havmoeller, R, Hawley, C, Hay, S, He, J, Hearps, S, Hegazy, M, Heibati, B, Heidari, M, Hendrie, D, Henry, N, Herrera Ballesteros, V, Herteliu, C, Hibstu, D, Hiluf, M, Hoek, H, Homaie Rad, E, Horita, N, Hosgood, H, Hosseini, M, Hosseini, S, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Hoy, D, Hsairi, M, Htet, A, Hu, G, Huang, J, Iburg, K, Idris, F, Igumbor, E, Ikeda, C, Ileanu, B, Ilesanmi, O, Innos, K, Irvani, S, Irvine, C, Islami, F, Jacobs, T, Jacobsen, K, Jahanmehr, N, Jain, R, Jain, S, Jakovljevic, M, Jalu, M, Jamal, A, Javanbakht, M, Jayatilleke, A, Jeemon, P, Jha, R, Jha, V, Jóúwiak, J, John, O, Johnson, S, Jonas, J, Joshua, V, Jürisson, M, Kabir, Z, Kadel, R, Kahsay, A, Kalani, R, Kar, C, Karanikolos, M, Karch, A, Karema, C, Karimi, S, Kasaeian, A, Kassa, D, Kassa, G, Kassa, T, Kassebaum, N, Katikireddi, S, Kaul, A, Kawakami, N, Kazanjan, K, Kebede, S, Keiyoro, P, Kemp, G, Kengne, A, Kereselidze, M, Ketema, E, Khader, Y, Khafaie, M, Khajavi, A, Khalil, I, Khan, E, Khan, G, Khan, M, Khanal, M, Khang, Y, Khater, M, Khoja, A, Khosravi, A, Khubchandani, J, Kibret, G, Kiirithio, D, Kim, D, Kim, Y, Kimokoti, R, Kinfu, Y, Kinra, S, Kisa, A, Kissoon, N, Kochhar, S, Kokubo, Y, Kopec, J, Kosen, S, Koul, P, Koyanagi, A, Kravchenko, M, Krishan, K, Krohn, K, Kuate Defo, B, Kumar, G, Kumar, P, Kutz, M, Kuzin, I, Kyu, H, Lad, D, Lafranconi, A, Lal, D, Lalloo, R, Lam, H, Lan, Q, Lang, J, Lansingh, V, Lansky, S, Larsson, A, Latifi, A, Lazarus, J, Leasher, J, Lee, P, Legesse, Y, Leigh, J, Leshargie, C, Leta, S, Leung, J, Leung, R, Levi, M, Li, Y, Liang, J, Liben, M, Lim, L, Lim, S, Lind, M, Linn, S, Listl, S, Liu, P, Liu, S, Lodha, R, Lopez, A, Lorch, S, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, P, Lucas, T, Lunevicius, R, Lurton, G, Lyons, R, Maalouf, F, Macarayan, E, Mackay, M, Maddison, E, Madotto, F, Magdy Abd El Razek, H, Magdy Abd El Razek, M, Majdan, M, Majdzadeh, R, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malhotra, R, Malta, D, Mamun, A, Manhertz, T, Manguerra, H, Mansournia, M, Mantovani, L, Manyazewal, T, Mapoma, C, Margono, C, Martinez-Raga, J, Martins, S, Martins-Melo, F, Martopullo, I, März, W, Massenburg, B, Mathur, M, Maulik, P, Mazidi, M, Mcalinden, C, Mcgrath, J, Mckee, M, Mehata, S, Mehrotra, R, Mehta, K, Mehta, V, Meier, T, Mejia-Rodriguez, F, Meles, K, Melku, M, Memiah, P, Memish, Z, Mendoza, W, Mengiste, D, Mengistu, D, Menota, B, Mensah, G, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, T, Mezgebe, H, Miazgowski, T, Micha, R, Milam, R, Millear, A, Miller, T, Mini, G, Minnig, S, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, E, Misganaw, A, Mitchell, P, Mlashu, F, Moazen, B, Mohammad, K, Mohammadibakhsh, R, Mohammed, E, Mohammed, M, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, A, Mola, G, Molokhia, M, Momeniha, F, Monasta, L, Montañez Hernandez, J, Moosazadeh, M, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moraga, P, Morawska, L, Moreno Velasquez, I, Mori, R, Morrison, S, Moses, M, Mousavi, S, Mueller, U, Murhekar, M, Murthy, G, Murthy, S, Musa, J, Musa, K, Mustafa, G, Muthupandian, S, Nagata, C, Nagel, G, Naghavi, M, Naheed, A, Naik, G, Naik, N, Najafi, F, Naldi, L, Nangia, V, Nansseu, J, Narayan, K, Nascimento, B, Negoi, I, Negoi, R, Newton, C, Ngunjiri, J, Nguyen, G, Nguyen, L, Nguyen, T, Nichols, E, Ningrum, D, Nolte, E, Nong, V, Norheim, O, Norrving, B, Noubiap, J, Nyandwi, A, Obermeyer, C, Ofori-Asenso, R, Ogbo, F, Oh, I, Oladimeji, O, Olagunju, A, Olagunju, T, Olivares, P, Oliveira, P, Olsen, H, Olusanya, B, Olusanya, J, Ong, K, Opio, J, Oren, E, Ortega-Altamirano, D, Ortiz, A, Ozdemir, R, Pa, M, Pain, A, Palone, M, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandian, J, Park, E, Parsian, H, Patel, T, Pati, S, Patil, S, Patle, A, Patton, G, Paturi, V, Paudel, D, Pedroso, M, Pedroza, S, Pereira, D, Perico, N, Peterson, H, Petzold, M, Peykari, N, Phillips, M, Piel, F, Pigott, D, Pillay, J, Piradov, M, Polinder, S, Pond, C, Postma, M, Pourmalek, F, Prakash, S, Prakash, V, Prasad, N, Purcell, C, Qorbani, M, Quintana, H, Radfar, A, Rafay, A, Rafiei, A, Rahimi, K, Rahimi-Movaghar, A, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rahman, S, Rai, R, Raju, S, Ram, U, Rana, S, Rankin, Z, Rasella, D, Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Ray, S, Razo-García, C, Reddy, P, Reiner, R, Reis, C, Reitsma, M, Remuzzi, G, Renzaho, A, Resnikoff, S, Rezaei, S, Rezai, M, Ribeiro, A, Rios Blancas, M, Rivera, J, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Roshandel, G, Rostami, A, Roth, G, Rothenbacher, D, Roy, A, Roy, N, Ruhago, G, Sabde, Y, Sachdev, P, Sadat, N, Safdarian, M, Safiri, S, Sagar, R, Sahebkar, A, Sahraian, M, Sajadi, H, Salama, J, Salamati, P, Saldanha, R, Salimzadeh, H, Salomon, J, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Sancheti, P, Sanchez-Niño, M, Santomauro, D, Santos, I, Santric Milicevic, M, Sarker, A, Sarrafzadegan, N, Sartorius, B, Satpathy, M, Savic, M, Sawhney, M, Saxena, S, Saylan, M, Schaeffner, E, Schmidhuber, J, Schmidt, M, Schneider, I, Schumacher, A, Schutte, A, Schwebel, D, Schwendicke, F, Sekerija, M, Sepanlou, S, Servan-Mori, E, Shafieesabet, A, Shaikh, M, Shakh-Nazarova, M, Shams-Beyranvand, M, Sharafi, H, Sharif-Alhoseini, M, Shariful Islam, S, Sharma, M, Sharma, R, She, J, Sheikh, A, Shfare, M, Shi, P, Shields, C, Shigematsu, M, Shinohara, Y, Shiri, R, Shirkoohi, R, Shiue, I, Shrime, M, Shukla, S, Siabani, S, Sigfusdottir, I, Silberberg, D, Silva, D, Silva, J, Silveira, D, Singh, J, Singh, L, Singh, N, Singh, V, Sinha, D, Sinke, A, Sisay, M, Skirbekk, V, Sliwa, K, Smith, A, Soares Filho, A, Sobaih, B, Somai, M, Soneji, S, Soofi, M, Sorensen, R, Soriano, J, Soyiri, I, Sposato, L, Sreeramareddy, C, Srinivasan, V, Stanaway, J, Stathopoulou, V, Steel, N, Stein, 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Xavier, D, Xu, G, Yan, L, Yano, Y, Yaseri, M, Yimer, N, Yin, P, Yip, P, Yirsaw, B, Yonemoto, N, Yonga, G, Yoon, S, Yotebieng, M, Younis, M, Yu, C, Zadnik, V, Zaidi, Z, Zaki, M, Zaman, S, Zamani, M, Zenebe, Z, Zhou, M, Zhu, J, Zimsen, S, Zipkin, B, Zodpey, S, Zuhlke, L, Murray, C, Lozano, R, Fullman, Nancy, Yearwood, Jamal, Abay, Solomon M, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdela, Jemal, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abebe, Zegeye, Abebo, Teshome Abuka, Aboyans, Victor, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, Abreu, Daisy M X, Abu-Raddad, Laith J, Adane, Akilew Awoke, Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, Adetokunboh, Olatunji, Adhikari, Tara Ballav, Afarideh, Mohsen, Afshin, Ashkan, Agarwal, Gina, Agius, Dominic, Agrawal, Anurag, Agrawal, Sutapa, Ahmad Kiadaliri, Aliasghar, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Akibu, Mohammed, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akinyemiju, Tomi F, Akseer, Nadia, Al Lami, Faris Hasan, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Tahiya, Alasfoor, Deena, Albittar, Mohammed I, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, 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E, Awasthi, A, Ayala Quintanilla, B, Ayalew, A, Ayele, H, Ayer, R, Ayuk, T, Azzopardi, P, Azzopardi-Muscat, N, Babalola, T, Badali, H, Badawi, A, Banach, M, Banerjee, A, Banstola, A, Barber, R, Barboza, M, Barker-Collo, S, Bärnighausen, T, Barquera, S, Barrero, L, Bassat, Q, Basu, S, Baune, B, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Behzadifar, M, Bekele, B, Belachew, A, Belay, S, Belay, Y, Bell, M, Bello, A, Bennett, D, Bennett, J, Bensenor, I, Berhe, D, Bernabé, E, Bernstein, R, Beuran, M, Bhalla, A, Bhatt, P, Bhaumik, S, Bhutta, Z, Biadgo, B, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Birungi, C, Biryukov, S, Bizuneh, H, Bolliger, I, Bolt, K, Bou-Orm, I, Bozorgmehr, K, Brady, O, Brazinova, A, Breitborde, N, Brenner, H, Britton, G, Brugha, T, Butt, Z, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Campos-Nonato, I, Campuzano, J, Car, J, Car, M, Cárdenas, R, Carrero, J, Carvalho, F, Castañeda-Orjuela, C, Castillo Rivas, J, Catalá-López, F, Cercy, K, Chalek, J, Chang, H, Chang, J, Chattopadhyay, A, Chaturvedi, P, Chiang, P, Chisumpa, V, Choi, J, Christensen, H, Christopher, D, Chung, S, Ciobanu, L, Cirillo, M, Colombara, D, Conti, S, Cooper, C, Cornaby, L, Cortesi, P, Cortinovis, M, Costa Pereira, A, Cousin, E, Criqui, M, Cromwell, E, Crowe, C, Crump, J, Daba, A, Dachew, B, Dadi, A, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Dargan, P, Daryani, A, Daryani, M, Das, J, Das, S, das Neves, J, Davis Weaver, N, Davletov, K, de Courten, B, De Leo, D, De Neve, J, Dellavalle, R, Demoz, G, Deribe, K, Des Jarlais, D, Dey, S, Dharmaratne, S, Dhimal, M, Djalalinia, S, Doku, D, Dolan, K, Dorsey, E, dos Santos, K, Doyle, K, Driscoll, T, Dubey, M, Dubljanin, E, Duncan, B, Echko, M, Edessa, D, Edvardsson, D, Ehrlich, J, Eldrenkamp, E, El-Khatib, Z, Endres, M, Endries, A, Eshrati, B, Eskandarieh, S, Esteghamati, A, Fakhar, M, Farag, T, Faramarzi, M, Faraon, E, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Fatusi, A, Fazeli, M, Feigin, V, Feigl, A, Fentahun, N, Fereshtehnejad, S, Fernandes, E, Fernandes, J, Fijabi, D, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Fitzmaurice, C, Flaxman, A, Flor, L, Foigt, N, Foreman, K, Frostad, J, Fürst, T, Futran, N, Gakidou, E, Gallus, S, Gambashidze, K, Gamkrelidze, A, Ganji, M, Gebre, A, Gebrehiwot, T, Gebremedhin, A, Gelaw, Y, Geleijnse, J, Geremew, D, Gething, P, Ghadimi, R, Ghasemi Falavarjani, K, Ghasemi-Kasman, M, Gill, P, Giref, A, Giroud, M, Gishu, M, Giussani, G, Godwin, W, Goli, S, Gomez-Dantes, H, Gona, P, Goodridge, A, Gopalani, S, Goryakin, Y, Goulart, A, Grada, A, Griswold, M, Grosso, G, Gugnani, H, Guo, Y, Gupta, R, Gupta, T, Gupta, V, Haagsma, J, Hachinski, V, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Hailu, G, Hamadeh, R, Hamidi, S, Hankey, G, Harb, H, Harewood, H, Harikrishnan, S, Haro, J, Hassen, H, Havmoeller, R, Hawley, C, Hay, S, He, J, Hearps, S, Hegazy, M, Heibati, B, Heidari, M, Hendrie, D, Henry, N, Herrera Ballesteros, V, Herteliu, C, Hibstu, D, Hiluf, M, Hoek, H, Homaie Rad, E, Horita, N, Hosgood, H, Hosseini, M, Hosseini, S, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Hoy, D, Hsairi, M, Htet, A, Hu, G, Huang, J, Iburg, K, Idris, F, Igumbor, E, Ikeda, C, Ileanu, B, Ilesanmi, O, Innos, K, Irvani, S, Irvine, C, Islami, F, Jacobs, T, Jacobsen, K, Jahanmehr, N, Jain, R, Jain, S, Jakovljevic, M, Jalu, M, Jamal, A, Javanbakht, M, Jayatilleke, A, Jeemon, P, Jha, R, Jha, V, Jóúwiak, J, John, O, Johnson, S, Jonas, J, Joshua, V, Jürisson, M, Kabir, Z, Kadel, R, Kahsay, A, Kalani, R, Kar, C, Karanikolos, M, Karch, A, Karema, C, Karimi, S, Kasaeian, A, Kassa, D, Kassa, G, Kassa, T, Kassebaum, N, Katikireddi, S, Kaul, A, Kawakami, N, Kazanjan, K, Kebede, S, Keiyoro, P, Kemp, G, Kengne, A, Kereselidze, M, Ketema, E, Khader, Y, Khafaie, M, Khajavi, A, Khalil, I, Khan, E, Khan, G, Khan, M, Khanal, M, Khang, Y, Khater, M, Khoja, A, Khosravi, A, Khubchandani, J, Kibret, G, Kiirithio, D, Kim, D, Kim, Y, Kimokoti, R, Kinfu, Y, Kinra, S, Kisa, A, Kissoon, N, Kochhar, S, Kokubo, Y, Kopec, J, Kosen, S, Koul, P, Koyanagi, A, Kravchenko, M, Krishan, K, Krohn, K, Kuate Defo, B, Kumar, G, Kumar, P, Kutz, M, Kuzin, I, Kyu, H, Lad, D, Lafranconi, A, Lal, D, Lalloo, R, Lam, H, Lan, Q, Lang, J, Lansingh, V, Lansky, S, Larsson, A, Latifi, A, Lazarus, J, Leasher, J, Lee, P, Legesse, Y, Leigh, J, Leshargie, C, Leta, S, Leung, J, Leung, R, Levi, M, Li, Y, Liang, J, Liben, M, Lim, L, Lim, S, Lind, M, Linn, S, Listl, S, Liu, P, Liu, S, Lodha, R, Lopez, A, Lorch, S, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, P, Lucas, T, Lunevicius, R, Lurton, G, Lyons, R, Maalouf, F, Macarayan, E, Mackay, M, Maddison, E, Madotto, F, Magdy Abd El Razek, H, Magdy Abd El Razek, M, Majdan, M, Majdzadeh, R, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malhotra, R, Malta, D, Mamun, A, Manhertz, T, Manguerra, H, Mansournia, M, Mantovani, L, Manyazewal, T, Mapoma, C, Margono, C, Martinez-Raga, J, Martins, S, Martins-Melo, F, Martopullo, I, März, W, Massenburg, B, Mathur, M, Maulik, P, Mazidi, M, Mcalinden, C, Mcgrath, J, Mckee, M, Mehata, S, Mehrotra, R, Mehta, K, Mehta, V, Meier, T, Mejia-Rodriguez, F, Meles, K, Melku, M, Memiah, P, Memish, Z, Mendoza, W, Mengiste, D, Mengistu, D, Menota, B, Mensah, G, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, T, Mezgebe, H, Miazgowski, T, Micha, R, Milam, R, Millear, A, Miller, T, Mini, G, Minnig, S, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, E, Misganaw, A, Mitchell, P, Mlashu, F, Moazen, B, Mohammad, K, Mohammadibakhsh, R, Mohammed, E, Mohammed, M, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, A, Mola, G, Molokhia, M, Momeniha, F, Monasta, L, Montañez Hernandez, J, Moosazadeh, M, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moraga, P, Morawska, L, Moreno Velasquez, I, Mori, R, Morrison, S, Moses, M, Mousavi, S, Mueller, U, Murhekar, M, Murthy, G, Murthy, S, Musa, J, Musa, K, Mustafa, G, Muthupandian, S, Nagata, C, Nagel, G, Naghavi, M, Naheed, A, Naik, G, Naik, N, Najafi, F, Naldi, L, Nangia, V, Nansseu, J, Narayan, K, Nascimento, B, Negoi, I, Negoi, R, Newton, C, Ngunjiri, J, Nguyen, G, Nguyen, L, Nguyen, T, Nichols, E, Ningrum, D, Nolte, E, Nong, V, Norheim, O, Norrving, B, Noubiap, J, Nyandwi, A, Obermeyer, C, Ofori-Asenso, R, Ogbo, F, Oh, I, Oladimeji, O, Olagunju, A, Olagunju, T, Olivares, P, Oliveira, P, Olsen, H, Olusanya, B, Olusanya, J, Ong, K, Opio, J, Oren, E, Ortega-Altamirano, D, Ortiz, A, Ozdemir, R, Pa, M, Pain, A, Palone, M, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandian, J, Park, E, Parsian, H, Patel, T, Pati, S, Patil, S, Patle, A, Patton, G, Paturi, V, Paudel, D, Pedroso, M, Pedroza, S, Pereira, D, Perico, N, Peterson, H, Petzold, M, Peykari, N, Phillips, M, Piel, F, Pigott, D, Pillay, J, Piradov, M, Polinder, S, Pond, C, Postma, M, Pourmalek, F, Prakash, S, Prakash, V, Prasad, N, Purcell, C, Qorbani, M, Quintana, H, Radfar, A, Rafay, A, Rafiei, A, Rahimi, K, Rahimi-Movaghar, A, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rahman, S, Rai, R, Raju, S, Ram, U, Rana, S, Rankin, Z, Rasella, D, Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Ray, S, Razo-García, C, Reddy, P, Reiner, R, Reis, C, Reitsma, M, Remuzzi, G, Renzaho, A, Resnikoff, S, Rezaei, S, Rezai, M, Ribeiro, A, Rios Blancas, M, Rivera, J, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Roshandel, G, Rostami, A, Roth, G, Rothenbacher, D, Roy, A, Roy, N, Ruhago, G, Sabde, Y, Sachdev, P, Sadat, N, Safdarian, M, 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Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Tahiya, Alasfoor, Deena, Albittar, Mohammed I, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Ali, Syed Danish, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Aljunid, Syed M, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Allen, Christine, Alomari, Mahmoud A, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid A, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Amenu, Kebede, Ammar, Walid, Amoako, Yaw Ampem, Anber, Nahla, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Androudi, Sofia, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Araújo, Valdelaine E M, Aremu, Olatunde, Ärnlöv, Johan, Artaman, Al, Aryal, Krishna Kumar, Asayesh, Hamid, Asfaw, Ephrem Tsegay, Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal, Asghar, Rana Jawad, Ashebir, Mengistu Mitiku, Asseffa, Netsanet Abera, Atey, Tesfay Mehari, Atre, Sachin R, Atteraya, Madhu S, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayalew, Animut Alebel, Ayele, Henok Tadesse, Ayer, Rakesh, Ayuk, Tambe Betrand, Azzopardi, 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Christina, Flaxman, Abraham D, Flor, Luisa Sorio, Foigt, Nataliya, Foreman, Kyle J, Frostad, Joseph J, Fürst, Thomas, Futran, Neal D, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Gallus, Silvano, Gambashidze, Ketevan, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Ganji, Morsaleh, Gebre, Abadi Kahsu, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Gelaw, Yalemzewod Assefa, Geleijnse, Johanna M, Geremew, Demeke, Gething, Peter W, Ghadimi, Reza, Ghasemi Falavarjani, Khalil, Ghasemi-Kasman, Maryam, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Giroud, Maurice, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Giussani, Giorgia, Godwin, William W, Goli, Srinivas, Gomez-Dantes, Hector, Gona, Philimon N, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goryakin, Yevgeniy, Goulart, Alessandra Carvalho, Grada, Ayman, Griswold, Max, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Tanush, Gupta, Tarun, Gupta, Vipin, Haagsma, Juanita A, Hachinski, Vladimir, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hamidi, Samer, Hankey, Graeme J, Harb, Hilda L, Harewood, Heather C, Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, Haro, Josep Maria, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hawley, Caitlin, Hay, Simon I, He, Jiawei, Hearps, Stephen J C, Hegazy, Mohamed I, Heibati, Behzad, Heidari, Mohsen, Hendrie, Delia, Henry, Nathaniel J, Herrera Ballesteros, Victor Hugo, Herteliu, Claudiu, Hibstu, Desalegn Tsegaw, Hiluf, Molla Kahssay, Hoek, Hans W, Homaie Rad, Enayatollah, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H Dean, Hosseini, Mostafa, Hosseini, Seyed Reza, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hoy, Damian G, Hsairi, Mohamed, Htet, Aung Soe, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, John J, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Idris, Fachmi, Igumbor, Ehimario Uche, Ikeda, Chad, Ileanu, Bogdan Vasile, Ilesanmi, Olayinka S, Innos, Kaire, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Irvine, Caleb M S, Islami, Farhad, Jacobs, Troy A, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jain, Rajesh, Jain, Sudhir Kumar, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B, Jalu, Moti Tolera, Jamal, Amr A, Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jha, Vivekanand, Jóúwiak, Jacek, John, Oommen, Johnson, Sarah Charlotte, Jonas, Jost B, Joshua, Vasna, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Zubair, Kadel, Rajendra, Kahsay, Amaha, Kalani, Rizwan, Kar, Chittaranjan, Karanikolos, Marina, Karch, André, Karema, Corine Kakizi, Karimi, Seyed M, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassa, Dessalegn Haile, Kassa, Getachew Mullu, Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kazanjan, Konstantin, Kebede, Seifu, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemp, Grant Rodgers, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Kereselidze, Maia, Ketema, Ezra Belay, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, Khajavi, Alireza, Khalil, Ibrahim A, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khan, Md Nuruzzaman, Khan, Muhammad Ali, Khanal, Mukti Nath, Khang, Young-Ho, Khater, Mona M, Khoja, Abdullah Tawfih Abdullah, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kibret, Getiye Dejenu, Kiirithio, Daniel Ngari, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kinfu, Yohannes, Kinra, Sanjay, Kisa, Adnan, Kissoon, Niranjan, Kochhar, Sonali, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kopec, Jacek A, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael, Krishan, Kewal, Krohn, Kristopher J, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kumar, G Anil, Kumar, Pushpendra, Kutz, Michael, Kuzin, Igor, Kyu, Hmwe H, Lad, Deepesh Pravinkumar, Lafranconi, Alessandra, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lam, Hilton, Lan, Qing, Lang, Justin J, Lansingh, Van C, Lansky, Sonia, Larsson, Anders, Latifi, Arman, Lazarus, Jeffrey Victor, Leasher, Janet L, Lee, Paul H, Legesse, Yirga, Leigh, James, Leshargie, Cheru Tesema, Leta, Samson, Leung, Janni, Leung, Ricky, Levi, Miriam, Li, Yongmei, Liang, Juan, Liben, Misgan Legesse, Lim, Lee-Ling, Lim, Stephen S, Lind, Margaret, Linn, Shai, Listl, Stefan, Liu, Patrick, Liu, Shiwei, Lodha, Rakesh, Lopez, Alan D, Lorch, Scott A, Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lucas, Timothy C D, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Lurton, Grégoire, Lyons, Ronan A, Maalouf, Fadi, Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King, Mackay, Mark T, Maddison, Emilie R, Madotto, Fabiana, Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan, Magdy Abd El Razek, Mohammed, Majdan, Marek, Majdzadeh, Reza, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malhotra, Rajesh, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A, Manhertz, Trey, Manguerra, Helena, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mantovani, Lorenzo G, Manyazewal, Tsegahun, Mapoma, Chabila C, Margono, Christopher, Martinez-Raga, Jose, Martins, Sheila Cristina Ouriques, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Martopullo, Ira, März, Winfried, Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard, Mathur, Manu Raj, Maulik, Pallab K, Mazidi, Mohsen, McAlinden, Colm, McGrath, John J, McKee, Martin, Mehata, Suresh, Mehrotra, Ravi, Mehta, Kala M, Mehta, Varshil, Meier, Toni, Mejia-Rodriguez, Fabiola, Meles, Kidanu Gebremariam, Melku, Mulugeta, Memiah, Peter, Memish, Ziad A, Mendoza, Walter, Mengiste, Degu Abate, Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese, Menota, Bereket Gebremichael, Mensah, George A, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Micha, Renata, Milam, Robert, Millear, Anoushka, Miller, Ted R, Mini, GK, Minnig, Shawn, Mirica, Andreea, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Misganaw, Awoke, Mitchell, Philip B, Mlashu, Fitsum Weldegebreal, Moazen, Babak, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammadibakhsh, Roghayeh, Mohammed, Ebrahim, Mohammed, Mohammed A, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mokdad, Ali H, Mola, Glen Liddell, Molokhia, Mariam, Momeniha, Fatemeh, Monasta, Lorenzo, Montañez Hernandez, Julio Cesar, Moosazadeh, Mahmood, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Moreno Velasquez, Ilais, Mori, Rintaro, Morrison, Shane D, Moses, Mark, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Mueller, Ulrich O, Murhekar, Manoj, Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Murthy, Srinivas, Musa, Jonah, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Mustafa, Ghulam, Muthupandian, Saravanan, Nagata, Chie, Nagel, Gabriele, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naheed, Aliya, Naik, Gurudatta A, Naik, Nitish, Najafi, Farid, Naldi, Luigi, Nangia, Vinay, Nansseu, Jobert Richie Njingang, Narayan, KM Venkat, Nascimento, Bruno Ramos, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Newton, Charles R, Ngunjiri, Josephine Wanjiku, Nguyen, Grant, Nguyen, Long, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Nichols, Emma, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nolte, Ellen, Nong, Vuong Minh, Norheim, Ole F, Norrving, Bo, Noubiap, Jean Jacques N, Nyandwi, Alypio, Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ofori-Asenso, Richard, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olagunju, Andrew Toyin, Olagunju, Tinuke Oluwasefunmi, Olivares, Pedro R, Oliveira, Patricia Pereira Vasconcelos de, Olsen, Helen E, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Ong, Kanyin, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V, Ortiz, Alberto, Ozdemir, Raziye, PA, Mahesh, Pain, Amanda W, Palone, Marcos Roberto Tovani, Pana, Adrian, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandian, Jeyaraj D, Park, Eun-Kee, Parsian, Hadi, Patel, Tejas, Pati, Sanghamitra, Patil, Snehal T, Patle, Ajay, Patton, George C, Paturi, Vishnupriya Rao, Paudel, Deepak, Pedroso, Marcel de Moares, Pedroza, Sandra P, Pereira, David M, Perico, Norberto, Peterson, Hannah, Petzold, Max, Peykari, Niloofar, Phillips, Michael Robert, Piel, Frédéric B, Pigott, David M, Pillay, Julian David, Piradov, Michael A, Polinder, Suzanne, Pond, Constance D, Postma, Maarten J, Pourmalek, Farshad, Prakash, Swayam, Prasad, Narayan, Prasad, Noela Marie, Purcell, Caroline, Qorbani, Mostafa, Quintana, Hedley Knewjen, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahimi, Kazem, Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Raju, Sree Bhushan, Ram, Usha, Rana, Saleem M, Rankin, Zane, Rasella, Davide, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Ray, Sarah E, Razo-García, Christian Aspacia, Reddy, Priscilla, Reiner, Robert C, Reis, Cesar, Reitsma, Marissa B, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renzaho, Andre M N, Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Satar, Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh, Ribeiro, Antonio L, Rios Blancas, Maria Jesus, Rivera, Juan A, Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rostami, Ali, Roth, Gregory A, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Roy, Ambuj, Roy, Nobhojit, Ruhago, George Mugambage, Sabde, Yogesh Damodar, Sachdev, Perminder S, Sadat, Nafis, Safdarian, Mahdi, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Sajadi, Haniye Sadat, Salama, Joseph, Salamati, Payman, Saldanha, Raphael de Freitas, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, Salomon, Joshua A, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan Ramon, Sancheti, Parag K, Sanchez-Niño, Maria Dolores, Santomauro, Damian, Santos, Itamar S, Santric Milicevic, Milena M, Sarker, Abdur Razzaque, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Sawhney, Monika, Saxena, Sonia, Saylan, Mete I, Schaeffner, Elke, Schmidhuber, Josef, Schmidt, Maria Inês, Schneider, Ione J C, Schumacher, Austin E, Schutte, Aletta E, Schwebel, David C, Schwendicke, Falk, Sekerija, Mario, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Servan-Mori, Edson E, Shafieesabet, Azadeh, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shakh-Nazarova, Marina, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Sharafi, Heidar, Sharif-Alhoseini, Mahdi, Shariful Islam, Sheikh Mohammed, Sharma, Meenakshi, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Sheikh, Aziz, Shfare, Mebrahtu Teweldemedhin, Shi, Peilin, Shields, Chloe, Shigematsu, Mika, Shinohara, Yukito, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shiue, Ivy, Shrime, Mark G, Shukla, Sharvari Rahul, Siabani, Soraya, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silberberg, Donald H, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silva, João Pedro, Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Lavanya, Singh, Narinder Pal, Singh, Virendra, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Sinke, Abiy Hiruye, Sisay, Mekonnen, Skirbekk, Vegard, Sliwa, Karen, Smith, Alison, Soares Filho, Adauto Martins, Sobaih, Badr H A, Somai, Melek, Soneji, Samir, Soofi, Moslem, Sorensen, Reed J D, Soriano, Joan B, Soyiri, Ireneous N, Sposato, Luciano A, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Srinivasan, Vinay, Stanaway, Jeffrey D, Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Steel, Nicholas, Stein, Dan J, Stokes, Mark Andrew, Sturua, Lela, Sufiyan, Muawiyyah Babale, Suliankatchi, Rizwan Abdulkader, Sunguya, Bruno F, Sur, Patrick J, Sykes, Bryan L, Sylaja, PN, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Tadesse, Andualem Henok, Taffere, Getachew Redae, Tandon, Nikhil, Tariku, Amare Tariku, Taveira, Nuno, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Temam Shifa, Girma, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Tesema, Azeb Gebresilassie, Tesfaye, Dawit Jember, Tessema, Belay, Thakur, JS, Thomas, Nihal, Thompson, Matthew J, Tillmann, Taavi, To, Quyen G, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Topouzis, Fotis, Torre, Anna, Tortajada, Miguel, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tran, Khanh Bao, Tripathi, Avnish, Tripathy, Srikanth Prasad, Troeger, Christopher, Truelsen, Thomas, Tsoi, Derrick, Tudor Car, Lorainne, Tuem, Kald Beshir, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Uchendu, Uche S, Ukwaja, Kingsley N, Ullah, Irfan, Updike, Rachel, Uthman, Olalekan A, Uzochukwu, Benjamin S Chudi, Valdez, Pascual Rubén, van Boven, Job F M, Varughese, Santosh, Vasankari, Tommi, Violante, Francesco S, Vladimirov, Sergey K, Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Wagnew, Fasil, Waheed, Yasir, Wallin, Mitchell T, Walson, Judd L, Wang, Yafeng, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Wassie, Molla Mesele, Weaver, Marcia R, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G, Weiss, Jordan, Weldegwergs, Kidu Gidey, Werdecker, Andrea, West, T Eoin, Westerman, Ronny, White, Richard G, Whiteford, Harvey A, Widecka, Justyna, Winkler, Andrea Sylvia, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wolfe, Charles DA, Wondimkun, Yohanes Ayele, Workicho, Abdulhalik, Wyper, Grant M A, Xavier, Denis, Xu, Gelin, Yan, Lijing L, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Yimer, Nigus Bililign, Yin, Peng, Yip, Paul, Yirsaw, Biruck Desalegn, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yonga, Gerald, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Yotebieng, Marcel, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yu, Chuanhua, Zadnik, Vesna, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamani, Mohammad, Zenebe, Zerihun Menlkalew, Zhou, Maigeng, Zhu, Jun, Zimsen, Stephanie R M, Zipkin, Ben, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna, Murray, Christopher J L, and Lozano, Rafael

Abstract

Background: A key component of achieving universal health coverage is ensuring that all populations have access to quality health care. Examining where gains have occurred or progress has faltered across and within countries is crucial to guiding decisions and strategies for future improvement. We used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) to assess personal health-care access and quality with the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index for 195 countries and territories, as well as subnational locations in seven countries, from 1990 to 2016. Methods: Drawing from established methods and updated estimates from GBD 2016, we used 32 causes from which death should not occur in the presence of effective care to approximate personal health-care access and quality by location and over time. To better isolate potential effects of personal health-care access and quality from underlying risk factor patterns, we risk-standardised cause-specific deaths due to non-cancers by location-year, replacing the local joint exposure of environmental and behavioural risks with the global level of exposure. Supported by the expansion of cancer registry data in GBD 2016, we used mortality-to-incidence ratios for cancers instead of risk-standardised death rates to provide a stronger signal of the effects of personal health care and access on cancer survival. We transformed each cause to a scale of 0–100, with 0 as the first percentile (worst) observed between 1990 and 2016, and 100 as the 99th percentile (best); we set these thresholds at the country level, and then applied them to subnational locations. We applied a principal components analysis to construct the HAQ Index using all scaled cause values, providing an overall score of 0–100 of personal health-care access and quality by location over time. We then compared HAQ Index levels and trends by quintiles on the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary measure of overall development. As derive

Published
2018

28. Erratum:Measuring progress and projecting attainment on the basis of past trends of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 (The Lancet (2017) 390(10100) (1423–1459) (S014067361732336X)(10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32336-X))

Author

Fullman, N, Barber, RM, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abbafati, C, Abbas, KM, Abd-Allah, F, Abdulkader, RS, Abdulle, AM, Abera, SF, Aboyans, V, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Adedeji, IA, Adetokunboh, O, Afshin, A, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Ahmad Kiadaliri, A, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmed, MB, Aichour, MTE, Aichour, AN, Aichour, I, Aiyar, S, Akinyemi, RO, Akseer, N, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, N, Alasfoor, D, Alene, KA, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Allen, C, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Amini, E, Ammar, W, Ansari, H, Antonio, CAT, Anwari, P, Arora, M, Artaman, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Asgedom, SW, Assadi, R, Atey, TM, Atre, SR, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, EFGA, Awasthi, A, Azzopardi, P, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Balakrishnan, K, Bannick, MS, Barac, A, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, T, Barrero, LH, Basu, S, Battle, KE, Baune, BT, Beardsley, J, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Béjot, Y, Bell, ML, Bennett, DA, Bennett, JR, Bensenor, IM, Berhane, A, Berhe, DF, Bernabé, E, Betsu, BD, Beuran, M, Beyene, AS, Bhala, N, Bhansali, A, Bhatt, S, Bhutta, ZA, Bicer, BK, Bidgoli, HH, Bikbov, B, Bilal, AI, Birungi, C, Biryukov, S, Bizuayehu, HM, Blosser, CD, Boneya, DJ, Bose, D, Bou-Orm, IR, and Brauer, M

Subjects
General & Internal Medicine, 11 Medical And Health Sciences
Abstract

GBD 2016 SDG Collaborators. Measuring progress and projecting attainment on the basis of past trends of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet 2017; 390: 1423–59—In figure 8B of this Article (published Online First on Sept 12, 2017), the number of indicator targets has been changed from 1 to 9 for Turkmenistan, from 0 to 1 for Afghanistan, and from 1 to 2 for Yemen. Ettore Beghi, Neeraj Bhala, Hélène Carabin, Raimundas Lunevicius, Donald H Silberberg, and Caitlyn Steiner have been added to the list of GBD 2016 SDG Collaborators. Their affiliations, along with the affiliation of Soumya Swaminathan, have been added to the Affiliations section. These corrections have been made to the online version as of Sept 18, 2017, and the printed Article is correct.

Published
2017

29. Erratum: Measuring progress and projecting attainment on the basis of past trends of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 (The Lancet (2017) 390(10100) (1423–1459) (S014067361732336X) (10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32336-X))

Author

Fullman, N, Barber, RM, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abbafati, C, Abbas, KM, Abd-Allah, F, Abdulkader, RS, Abdulle, AM, Abera, SF, Aboyans, V, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Adedeji, IA, Adetokunboh, O, Afshin, A, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Ahmad Kiadaliri, A, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmed, MB, Aichour, MTE, Aichour, AN, Aichour, I, Aiyar, S, Akinyemi, RO, Akseer, N, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, N, Alasfoor, D, Alene, KA, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Allen, C, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Amini, E, Ammar, W, Ansari, H, Antonio, CAT, Anwari, P, Arora, M, Artaman, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Asgedom, SW, Assadi, R, Atey, TM, Atre, SR, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, EFGA, Awasthi, A, Azzopardi, P, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Balakrishnan, K, Bannick, MS, Barac, A, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, T, Barrero, LH, Basu, S, Battle, KE, Baune, BT, Beardsley, J, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Béjot, Y, Bell, ML, Bennett, DA, Bennett, JR, Bensenor, IM, Berhane, A, Berhe, DF, Bernabé, E, Betsu, BD, Beuran, M, Beyene, AS, Bhala, N, Bhansali, A, Bhatt, S, Bhutta, ZA, Bicer, BK, Bidgoli, HH, Bikbov, B, Bilal, AI, Birungi, C, Biryukov, S, Bizuayehu, HM, Blosser, CD, Boneya, DJ, Bose, D, Bou-Orm, IR, and Brauer, M

Subjects
General & Internal Medicine, 11 Medical And Health Sciences
Abstract

GBD 2016 SDG Collaborators. Measuring progress and projecting attainment on the basis of past trends of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet 2017; 390: 1423–59—The full-text version of this Article has been updated so that the list of authors is displayed in the correct order, in line with the pdf version, rather than in alphabetical order. This correction has been made to the online version as of Oct 12, 2017.

Published
2017

30. Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years for 32 cancer groups, 1990 to 2015: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration

Author

Fitzmaurice, C., Pourmalek, F., Lunevicius, R., Campos-Nonato, I., Khang, Y.-H., Jee, S.H., Rana, S.M., Sufiyan, M.B., Kedir, M.S., Khader, Y.S., Marcenes, W., Meles, K.G., Bensenor, I., Ding, E., Cowie, B., Leigh, J., Zaidi, Z., Melaku, Y.A., Sanabria, J.R., Oladimeji, K.E., James, S., Al-Raddadi, R., Kutz, M., Sartorius, B., Saleem, H.B., Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration, Das Neves, J., Dicker, D.J., Husseini, A., Schwartz, S.M., Søreide, K., Ghiwot, T.T., Nagel, G., Nolte, S., Hailu, A., Pa, M., Wang, H., Kasaeian, A., Alabed, S., Zenebe, Z.M., Fernandes, J., Nand, D., Javanbakht, M., Weiderpass, E., Plass, D., Fleming, T., Oren, E., Sepanlou, S.G., Thakur, J.S., Linn, S., Yonemoto, N., Hay, R.J., Bedi, N., Ukwaja, K.N., Chimed-Orchir, O., Brenner, H., Sandar, L., Dhillon, P., Mohammadi, A., Shiue, I., Zeeb, H., Allen, C., Sykes, B.L., Tadese, F., Ahmed, M.B., Ali, R., Alem, G., Malta, D.C., Lan, Q., Westerman, R., Boneya, D., Wagner, J.A., Amoako, Y., Marquez, N., Larson, H.J., Khubchandani, J., Tessema, G.A., Alemayohu, M.A., Ekwueme, D., Chiang, P., Vollset, S.E., Asayesh, H., Fischer, F., Shore, H.R., Naghavi, M., Hancock, J., Catalá-López, F., Stroumpoulis, K., Barber, R.M., Satpathy, M., Zaki, M.E.S., Atnafu, N., Farvid, M., Shaikh, M.A., Zoeckler, L., Liang, X., Yebyo, H.G., Lim, S.S., Chudi Uzochukwu, B.S., Dharmaratne, S., Castañeda-Orjuela, C., Takahashi, K., Sawhney, M., Abd-Allah, F., Shackelford, K.A., Malekzadeh, R., Steiner, C., Driscoll, T., Hosgood, H.D., Dandona, R., Lopez, A.D., Shrime, M.G., Yu, C., Aldhahri, S.F., Sun, J., Qorbani, M., Vlassov, V.V., Chibueze, C., Huynh, C., Horino, M., Yimam, H.H., Stanaway, J., Ogbo, F.A., Dandona, L., El Razek, H.M.A., Huybrechts, I., Pereira, D.M., Younis, M.Z., Pinho, C., Damtew, S., Salomon, J.A., Bernabé, E., Berhane, A., Forouzanfar, M.H., Awasthi, A., Gopalani, S., Murray, C.J.L., Jakovljevic, M., She, J., Horita, N., MacIntyre, M.F., Stathopoulou, V., Barregard, L., Betsu, B., Dey, S., Bhutta, Z.A., Endries, A.Y., Shibuya, K., Tran, B.X., Mohammad, K.A., Barac, A., Miller, T.R., Radfar, A., Gebru, A., Islami, F., Chitheer, A., Kumar, G.A., Rahman, M., Markos, D., Park, E.-K., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Mohammed, S., Soneji, S., Mendoza, W., Amare, A., Tedla, B.A., Wubshet Terefe, M., Farzadfar, F., Vos, T., Artaman, A., So, S., Mengiste, D.T., Le Nguyen, Q., Choi, J.-Y., Binagwaho, A., Rafay, A., Mokdad, A.H., Kim, D., Marczak, L., Johnson, C.O., Alam, N.K., Meretoja, T.J., Inoue, M., Hunter-Merrill, R., Jonas, J.B., and Tabarés-Seisdedos, R.

Abstract

IMPORTANCE: Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Current estimates on the burden of cancer are needed for cancer control planning. OBJECTIVE: To estimate mortality, incidence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 32 cancers in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015. EVIDENCE REVIEW: Cancer mortality was estimated using vital registration system data, cancer registry incidence data (transformed to mortality estimates using separately estimated mortality to incidence [MI] ratios), and verbal autopsy data. Cancer incidence was calculated by dividing mortality estimates through the modeled MI ratios. To calculate cancer prevalence, MI ratios were used to model survival. To calculate YLDs, prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights. The YLLs were estimated by multiplying age-specific cancer deaths by the reference life expectancy. DALYs were estimated as the sum of YLDs and YLLs. A sociodemographic index (SDI) was created for each location based on income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility. Countries were categorized by SDI quintiles to summarize results. FINDINGS: In 2015, there were 17.5 million cancer cases worldwide and 8.7 million deaths. Between 2005 and 2015, cancer cases increased by 33%, with population aging contributing 16%, population growth 13%, and changes in age-specific rates contributing 4%. For men, the most common cancer globally was prostate cancer (1.6 million cases). Tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer was the leading cause of cancer deaths and DALYs in men (1.2 million deaths and 25.9 million DALYs). For women, the most common cancer was breast cancer (2.4 million cases). Breast cancer was also the leading cause of cancer deaths and DALYs for women (523 000 deaths and 15.1 million DALYs). Overall, cancer caused 208.3 million DALYs worldwide in 2015 for both sexes combined. Between 2005 and 2015, age-standardized incidence rates for all cancers combined increased in 174 of 195 countries or territories. Age-standardized death rates (ASDRs) for all cancers combined decreased within that timeframe in 140 of 195 countries or territories. Countries with an increase in the ASDR due to all cancers were largely located on the African continent. Of all cancers, deaths between 2005 and 2015 decreased significantly for Hodgkin lymphoma (-6.1% [95% uncertainty interval (UI), -10.6% to -1.3%]). The number of deaths also decreased for esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, and chronic myeloid leukemia, although these results were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: As part of the epidemiological transition, cancer incidence is expected to increase in the future, further straining limited health care resources. Appropriate allocation of resources for cancer prevention, early diagnosis, and curative and palliative care requires detailed knowledge of the local burden of cancer. The GBD 2015 study results demonstrate that progress is possible in the war against cancer. However, the major findings also highlight an unmet need for cancer prevention efforts, including tobacco control, vaccination, and the promotion of physical activity and a healthy diet.

Published
2017
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31. Global, Regional, and National Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life-years for 32 Cancer Groups, 1990 to 2015: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study

Author

Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration, Fitzmaurice C, Allen C, Barber RM, Barregard L, Bhutta ZA, Brenner H, Dicker DJ, Chimed-Orchir O, Dandona R, Dandona L, Fleming T, Forouzanfar MH, Hancock J, Hay RJ, Hunter-Merrill R, Huynh C, Hosgood HD, Johnson CO, Jonas JB, Khubchandani J, Kumar GA, Kutz M, Lan Q, Larson HJ, Liang X, Lim SS, Lopez AD, MacIntyre MF, Marczak L, Marquez N, Mokdad AH, Pinho C, Pourmalek F, Salomon JA, Sanabria JR, Sandar L, Sartorius B, Schwartz SM, Shackelford KA, Shibuya K, Stanaway J, Steiner C, Sun J, Takahashi K, Vollset SE, Vos T, Wagner JA, Wang H, Westerman R, Zeeb H, Zoeckler L, Abd-Allah F, Ahmed MB, Alabed S, Alam NK, Aldhahri SF, Alem G, Alemayohu MA, Ali R, Al-Raddadi R, Amare A, Amoako Y, Artaman A, Asayesh H, Atnafu N, Awasthi A, Saleem HB, Barac A, Bedi N, Bensenor I, Berhane A, Bernabé E, Betsu B, Binagwaho A, Boneya D, Campos-Nonato I, Castañeda-Orjuela C, Catalá-López F, Chiang P, Chibueze C, Chitheer A, Choi JY, Cowie B, Damtew S, das Neves J, Dey S, Dharmaratne S, Dhillon P, Ding E, Driscoll T, Ekwueme D, Endries AY, Farvid M, Farzadfar F, Fernandes J, Fischer F, G/Hiwot TT, Gebru A, Gopalani S, Hailu A, Horino M, Horita N, Husseini A, Huybrechts I, Inoue M, Islami F, Jakovljevic M, James S, Javanbakht M, Jee SH, Kasaeian A, Kedir MS, Khader YS, Khang YH, Kim D, Leigh J, Linn S, Lunevicius R, El Razek HMA, Malekzadeh R, Malta DC, Marcenes W, Markos D, Melaku YA, Meles KG, Mendoza W, Mengiste DT, Meretoja TJ, Miller TR, Mohammad KA, Mohammadi A, Mohammed S, Moradi-Lakeh M, Nagel G, Nand D, Le Nguyen Q, Nolte S, Ogbo FA, Oladimeji KE, Oren E, Pa M, Park EK, Pereira DM, Plass D, Qorbani M, Radfar A, Rafay A, Rahman M, Rana SM, Søreide K, Satpathy M, Sawhney M, Sepanlou SG, Shaikh MA, She J, Shiue I, Shore HR, Shrime MG, So S, Soneji S, Stathopoulou V, Stroumpoulis K, Sufiyan MB, Sykes BL, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tadese F, Tedla BA, Tessema GA, Thakur JS, Tran BX, Ukwaja KN, Uzochukwu BSC, Vlassov VV, Weiderpass E, Wubshet Terefe M, Yebyo HG, Yimam HH, Yonemoto N, Younis MZ, Yu C, Zaidi Z, Zaki MES, Zenebe ZM, Murray CJL, and Naghavi M

Published
2017

32. Measuring progress and projecting attainment on the basis of past trends of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: An analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author

Fullman, N, Barber, RM, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abbafati, C, Abbas, KM, Abd-Allah, F, Abdulle, AM, Abera, SF, Aboyans, V, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Adedeji, IA, Adetokunboh, O, Afshin, A, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Kiadaliri, AA, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmed, MB, Aichour, AN, Aichour, I, Aichour, MTE, Aiyar, S, Akinyemi, RO, Akseer, N, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, N, Alasfoor, D, Alene, KA, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Allen, C, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Amini, E, Ammar, W, Antonio, CAT, Ansari, H, Anwari, P, Arora, M, Artaman, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Asgedom, SW, Assadi, R, Atey, TM, Atre, SR, Avila-Burgos, L, Arthur Avokpaho, EFG, Awasthi, A, Azzopardi, P, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Balakrishnan, K, Bannick, MS, Barac, A, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, T, Barrero, LH, Basu, S, Battle, KE, Baune, BT, Beardsley, J, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Béjot, Y, Bell, ML, Bennett, DA, Bennett, JR, Bensenor, IM, Berhane, A, Berhe, DF, Bernabé, E, Betsu, BD, Beuran, M, Beyene, AS, Bhala, N, Bhansali, A, Bhatt, S, Bhutta, ZA, Bikbov, B, Bilal, AI, Birungi, C, Biryukov, S, Bizuayehu, HM, Blosser, CD, Boneya, DJ, Bose, D, Bou-Orm, IR, Brauer, M, Breitborde, NJK, Brugha, TS, Bulto, LNB, Fullman, N, Barber, RM, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abbafati, C, Abbas, KM, Abd-Allah, F, Abdulle, AM, Abera, SF, Aboyans, V, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Adedeji, IA, Adetokunboh, O, Afshin, A, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Kiadaliri, AA, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmed, MB, Aichour, AN, Aichour, I, Aichour, MTE, Aiyar, S, Akinyemi, RO, Akseer, N, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, N, Alasfoor, D, Alene, KA, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Allen, C, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Amini, E, Ammar, W, Antonio, CAT, Ansari, H, Anwari, P, Arora, M, Artaman, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Asgedom, SW, Assadi, R, Atey, TM, Atre, SR, Avila-Burgos, L, Arthur Avokpaho, EFG, Awasthi, A, Azzopardi, P, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Balakrishnan, K, Bannick, MS, Barac, A, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, T, Barrero, LH, Basu, S, Battle, KE, Baune, BT, Beardsley, J, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Béjot, Y, Bell, ML, Bennett, DA, Bennett, JR, Bensenor, IM, Berhane, A, Berhe, DF, Bernabé, E, Betsu, BD, Beuran, M, Beyene, AS, Bhala, N, Bhansali, A, Bhatt, S, Bhutta, ZA, Bikbov, B, Bilal, AI, Birungi, C, Biryukov, S, Bizuayehu, HM, Blosser, CD, Boneya, DJ, Bose, D, Bou-Orm, IR, Brauer, M, Breitborde, NJK, Brugha, TS, and Bulto, LNB

Abstract

Background: The UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are grounded in the global ambition of "leaving no one behind". Understanding today's gains and gaps for the health-related SDGs is essential for decision makers as they aim to improve the health of populations. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016), we measured 37 of the 50 health-related SDG indicators over the period 1990-2016 for 188 countries, and then on the basis of these past trends, we projected indicators to 2030. Methods: We used standardised GBD 2016 methods to measure 37 health-related indicators from 1990 to 2016, an increase of four indicators since GBD 2015. We substantially revised the universal health coverage (UHC) measure, which focuses on coverage of essential health services, to also represent personal health-care access and quality for several non-communicable diseases. We transformed each indicator on a scale of 0-100, with 0 as the 25th percentile estimated between 1990 and 2030, and 100 as the 975th percentile during that time. An index representing all 37 health-related SDG indicators was constructed by taking the geometric mean of scaled indicators by target. On the basis of past trends, we produced projections of indicator values, using a weighted average of the indicator and country-specific annualised rates of change from 1990 to 2016 with weights for each annual rate of change based on out-of-sample validity. 24 of the currently measured health-related SDG indicators have defined SDG targets, against which we assessed attainment. Findings Globally, the median health-related SDG index was 567 (IQR 319-668) in 2016 and country-level performance markedly varied, with Singapore (868, 95% uncertainty interval 846-889), Iceland (860, 841-876), and Sweden (856, 818-878) having the highest levels in 2016 and Afghanistan (109, 96-119), the Central African Republic (110, 88-138), and Somalia (113, 95-131) recording the lowest. Between

Published
2017

33. Healthcare Access and Quality Index based on mortality from causes amenable to personal health care in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2015: a novel analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Author

Barber, RM, Fullman, N, Sorensen, RJD, Bollyky, T, McKee, M, Nolte, E, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abbafati, C, Abbas, KM, Abd-Allah, F, Abdulle, AM, Abdurahman, AA, Abera, SF, Abraham, B, Abreha, GF, Adane, K, Adelekan, AL, Adetifa, IMO, Afshin, A, Agarwal, A, Agarwal, SK, Agarwal, S, Agrawal, A, Kiadaliri, AA, Ahmadi, A, Ahmed, KY, Ahmed, MB, Akinyemi, RO, Akinyemiju, TF, Akseer, N, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, N, Alam, SS, Alemu, ZA, Alene, KA, Alexander, L, Ali, R, Ali, SD, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Allen, C, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, KA, Martin, EA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Amini, E, Ammar, W, Amo-Adjei, J, Amoako, YA, Anderson, BO, Androudi, S, Ansari, H, Ansha, MG, Antonio, CAT, Ärnlöv, J, Artaman, A, Asayesh, H, Assadi, R, Astatkie, A, Atey, TM, Atique, S, Atnafu, NT, Atre, SR, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, EFGA, Quintanilla, BPA, Awasthi, A, Ayele, NN, Azzopardi, P, Saleem, HOB, Bärnighausen, T, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Banerjee, A, Barac, A, Barboza, MA, Barker-Collo, SL, Barrero, LH, Basu, S, Baune, BT, Baye, K, Bayou, YT, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Béjot, Y, Bello, AK, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Berhane, A, Bernabé, E, Bernal, OA, Beyene, AS, Beyene, TJ, Bhutta, ZA, Biadgilign, S, Bikbov, B, Birlik, SM, Birungi, C, Biryukov, S, Bisanzio, D, Bizuayehu, HM, Bose, D, Brainin, M, Brauer, M, Brazinova, A, Breitborde, NJK, Brenner, H, Butt, ZA, Cárdenas, R, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Campos-Nonato, IR, Car, J, Carrero, JJ, Casey, D, Caso, V, Castañeda-Orjuela, CA, Rivas, JC, Catalá-López, F, Cecilio, P, Cercy, K, Charlson, FJ, Chen, AZ, Chew, A, Chibalabala, M, Chibueze, CE, Chisumpa, VH, Chitheer, AA, Chowdhury, R, Christensen, H, Christopher, DJ, Ciobanu, LG, Cirillo, M, Coggeshall, MS, Cooper, LT, Cortinovis, M, Crump, JA, Dalal, K, Danawi, H, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Dargan, PI, das Neves, J, Davey, G, Davitoiu, DV, Davletov, K, De Leo, D, Del Gobbo, LC, del Pozo-Cruz, B, Dellavalle, RP, Deribe, K, Deribew, A, Des Jarlais, DC, Dey, S, Dharmaratne, SD, Dicker, D, Ding, EL, Dokova, K, Dorsey, ER, Doyle, KE, Dubey, M, Ehrenkranz, R, Ellingsen, CL, Elyazar, I, Enayati, A, Ermakov, SP, Eshrati, B, Esteghamati, A, Estep, K, Fürst, T, Faghmous, IDA, Fanuel, FBB, Faraon, EJA, Farid, TA, Farinha, CSES, Faro, A, Farvid, MS, Farzadfar, F, Feigin, VL, Feigl, AB, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Fernandes, JG, Fernandes, JC, Feyissa, TR, Fischer, F, Fitzmaurice, C, Fleming, TD, Foigt, N, Foreman, KJ, Forouzanfar, MH, Franklin, RC, Frostad, J, G/hiwot, TT, Gakidou, E, Gambashidze, K, Gamkrelidze, A, Gao, W, Garcia-Basteiro, AL, Gebre, T, Gebremedhin, AT, Gebremichael, MW, Gebru, AA, Gelaye, AA, Geleijnse, JM, Genova-Maleras, R, Gibney, KB, Giref, AZ, Gishu, MD, Giussani, G, Godwin, WW, Gold, A, Goldberg, EM, Gona, PN, Goodridge, A, Gopalani, SV, Goto, A, Graetz, N, Greaves, F, Griswold, M, Guban, PI, Gugnani, HC, Gupta, PC, Gupta, R, Gupta, T, Gupta, V, Habtewold, TD, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haile, D, Hailu, AD, Hailu, GB, Hakuzimana, A, Hamadeh, RR, Hambisa, MT, Hamidi, S, Hammami, M, Hankey, GJ, Hao, Y, Harb, HL, Hareri, HA, Haro, JM, Hassanvand, MS, Havmoeller, R, Hay, RJ, Hay, SI, Hendrie, D, Heredia-Pi, IB, Hoek, HW, Horino, M, Horita, N, Hosgood, HD, Htet, AS, Hu, G, Huang, H, Huang, JJ, Huntley, BM, Huynh, C, Iburg, KM, Ileanu, BV, Innos, K, Irenso, AA, Jahanmehr, N, Jakovljevic, MB, James, P, James, SL, Javanbakht, M, Jayaraman, SP, Jayatilleke, AU, Jeemon, P, Jha, V, John, D, Johnson, C, Johnson, SC, Jonas, JB, Juel, K, Kabir, Z, Kalkonde, Y, Kamal, R, Kan, H, Karch, A, Karema, CK, Karimi, SM, Kasaeian, A, Kassebaum, NJ, Kastor, A, Katikireddi, SV, Kazanjan, K, Keiyoro, PN, Kemmer, L, Kemp, AH, Kengne, AP, Kerbo, AA, Kereselidze, M, Kesavachandran, CN, Khader, YS, Khalil, I, Khan, AR, Khan, EA, Khan, G, Khang, Y-H, Khoja, ATA, Khonelidze, I, Khubchandani, J, Kibret, GD, Kim, D, Kim, P, Kim, YJ, Kimokoti, RW, Kinfu, Y, Kissoon, N, Kivipelto, M, Kokubo, Y, Kolk, A, Kolte, D, Kopec, JA, Kosen, S, Koul, PA, Koyanagi, A, Kravchenko, M, Krishnaswami, S, Krohn, KJ, Defo, BK, Bicer, BK, Kuipers, EJ, Kulkarni, VS, Kumar, GA, Kumsa, FA, Kutz, M, Kyu, HH, Lager, ACJ, Lal, A, Lal, DK, Lalloo, R, Lallukka, T, Lan, Q, Langan, SM, Lansingh, VC, Larson, HJ, Larsson, A, Laryea, DO, Latif, AA, Lawrynowicz, AEB, Leasher, JL, Leigh, J, Leinsalu, M, Leshargie, CT, Leung, J, Leung, R, Levi, M, Liang, X, Lim, SS, Lind, M, Linn, S, Lipshultz, SE, Liu, P, Liu, Y, Lo, L-T, Logroscino, G, Lopez, AD, Lorch, SA, Lotufo, PA, Lozano, R, Lunevicius, R, Lyons, RA, Macarayan, ERK, Mackay, MT, El Razek, HMA, El Razek, MMA, Mahdavi, M, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malta, DC, Mantovani, LG, Manyazewal, T, Mapoma, CC, Marcenes, W, Marks, GB, Marquez, N, Martinez-Raga, J, Marzan, MB, Massano, J, Mathur, MR, Maulik, PK, Mazidi, M, McAlinden, C, McGrath, JJ, McNellan, C, Meaney, PA, Mehari, A, Mehndiratta, MM, Meier, T, Mekonnen, AB, Meles, KG, Memish, ZA, Mengesha, MM, Mengiste, DT, Mengistie, MA, Menota, BG, Mensah, GA, Mereta, ST, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, TJ, Mezgebe, HB, Micha, R, Millear, A, Mills, EJ, Minnig, S, Mirarefin, M, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mock, CN, Mohammad, KA, Mohammed, S, Mohanty, SK, Mokdad, AH, Mola, GLD, Molokhia, M, Monasta, L, Montico, M, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moraga, P, Morawska, L, Mori, R, Moses, M, Mueller, UO, Murthy, S, Musa, KI, Nachega, JB, Nagata, C, Nagel, G, Naghavi, M, Naheed, A, Naldi, L, Nangia, V, Nascimento, BR, Negoi, I, Neupane, SP, Newton, CR, Ng, M, Ngalesoni, FN, Ngunjiri, JW, Nguyen, G, Ningrum, DNA, Nolte, S, Nomura, M, Norheim, OF, Norrving, B, Noubiap, JJN, Obermeyer, CM, Ogbo, FA, Oh, I-H, Okoro, A, Oladimeji, O, Olagunju, AT, Olivares, PR, Olsen, HE, Olusanya, BO, Olusanya, JO, Opio, JN, Oren, E, Ortiz, A, Osborne, RH, Osman, M, Owolabi, MO, PA, M, Pain, AW, Pakhale, S, Castillo, EP, Pana, A, Papachristou, C, Parsaeian, M, Patel, T, Patton, GC, Paudel, D, Paul, VK, Pearce, N, Pereira, DM, Perez-Padilla, R, Perez-Ruiz, F, Perico, N, Pesudovs, K, Petzold, M, Phillips, MR, Pigott, DM, Pillay, JD, Pinho, C, Polinder, S, Pond, CD, Prakash, V, Purwar, M, Qorbani, M, Quistberg, DA, Radfar, A, Rafay, A, Rahimi, K, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rahman, MHU, Rai, RK, Ram, U, Rana, SM, Rankin, Z, Rao, PV, Rao, PC, Rawaf, S, Rego, MAS, Reitsma, M, Remuzzi, G, Renzaho, AMNN, Resnikoff, S, Rezaei, S, Rezai, MS, Ribeiro, AL, Roba, HS, Rokni, MB, Ronfani, L, Roshandel, G, Roth, GA, Rothenbacher, D, Roy, NK, Sachdev, PS, Sackey, BB, Saeedi, MY, Safiri, S, Sagar, R, Sahraian, MA, Saleh, MM, Salomon, JA, Samy, AM, Sanabria, JR, Sanchez-Niño, MD, Sandar, L, Santos, IS, Santos, JV, Milicevic, MMS, Sarmiento-Suarez, R, Sartorius, B, Satpathy, M, Savic, M, Sawhney, M, Saylan, MI, Schöttker, B, Schutte, AE, Schwebel, DC, Seedat, S, Seid, AM, Seifu, CN, Sepanlou, SG, Serdar, B, Servan-Mori, EE, Setegn, T, Shackelford, KA, Shaheen, A, Shahraz, S, Shaikh, MA, Shakh-Nazarova, M, Shamsipour, M, Islam, SMS, Sharma, J, Sharma, R, She, J, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shen, J, Shi, P, Shigematsu, M, Shin, M-J, Shiri, R, Shoman, H, Shrime, MG, Sibamo, ELS, Sigfusdottir, ID, Silva, DAS, Silveira, DGA, Sindi, S, Singh, A, Singh, JA, Singh, OP, Singh, PK, Singh, V, Sinke, AH, Sinshaw, AE, Skirbekk, V, Sliwa, K, Smith, A, Sobngwi, E, Soneji, S, Soriano, JB, Sousa, TCM, Sposato, LA, Sreeramareddy, CT, Stathopoulou, V, Steel, N, Steiner, C, Steinke, S, Stokes, MA, Stranges, S, Strong, M, Stroumpoulis, K, Sturua, L, Sufiyan, MB, Suliankatchi, RA, Sun, J, Sur, P, Swaminathan, S, Sykes, BL, Tabarés-Seisdedos, R, Tabb, KM, Taffere, GR, Talongwa, RT, Tarajia, M, Tavakkoli, M, Taveira, N, Teeple, S, Tegegne, TK, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Tekelab, T, Tekle, DY, Shifa, GT, Terkawi, AS, Tesema, AG, Thakur, JS, Thomson, AJ, Tillmann, T, Tiruye, TY, Tobe-Gai, R, Tonelli, M, Topor-Madry, R, Tortajada, M, Troeger, C, Truelsen, T, Tura, AK, Uchendu, US, Ukwaja, KN, Undurraga, EA, Uneke, CJ, Uthman, OA, van Boven, JFM, Van Dingenen, R, Varughese, S, Vasankari, T, Venketasubramanian, N, Violante, FS, Vladimirov, SK, Vlassov, VV, Vollset, SE, Vos, T, Wagner, JA, Wakayo, T, Waller, SG, Walson, JL, Wang, H, Wang, Y-P, Watkins, DA, Weiderpass, E, Weintraub, RG, Wen, C-P, Werdecker, A, Wesana, J, Westerman, R, Whiteford, HA, Wilkinson, JD, Wiysonge, CS, Woldeyes, BG, Wolfe, CDA, Won, S, Workicho, A, Workie, SB, Wubshet, M, Xavier, D, Xu, G, Yadav, AK, Yaghoubi, M, Yakob, B, Yan, LL, Yano, Y, Yaseri, M, Yimam, HH, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, S-J, Younis, MZ, Yu, C, Zaidi, Z, El Sayed Zaki, M, Zambrana-Torrelio, C, Zapata, T, Zenebe, ZM, Zodpey, S, Zoeckler, L, Zuhlke, LJ, Murray, CJL, Barber, RM, Fullman, N, Sorensen, RJD, Bollyky, T, McKee, M, Nolte, E, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abbafati, C, Abbas, KM, Abd-Allah, F, Abdulle, AM, Abdurahman, AA, Abera, SF, Abraham, B, Abreha, GF, Adane, K, Adelekan, AL, Adetifa, IMO, Afshin, A, Agarwal, A, Agarwal, SK, Agarwal, S, Agrawal, A, Kiadaliri, AA, Ahmadi, A, Ahmed, KY, Ahmed, MB, Akinyemi, RO, Akinyemiju, TF, Akseer, N, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, N, Alam, SS, Alemu, ZA, Alene, KA, Alexander, L, Ali, R, Ali, SD, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Allen, C, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, KA, Martin, EA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Amini, E, Ammar, W, Amo-Adjei, J, Amoako, YA, Anderson, BO, Androudi, S, Ansari, H, Ansha, MG, Antonio, CAT, Ärnlöv, J, Artaman, A, Asayesh, H, Assadi, R, Astatkie, A, Atey, TM, Atique, S, Atnafu, NT, Atre, SR, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, EFGA, Quintanilla, BPA, Awasthi, A, Ayele, NN, Azzopardi, P, Saleem, HOB, Bärnighausen, T, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Banerjee, A, Barac, A, Barboza, MA, Barker-Collo, SL, Barrero, LH, Basu, S, Baune, BT, Baye, K, Bayou, YT, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Béjot, Y, Bello, AK, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Berhane, A, Bernabé, E, Bernal, OA, Beyene, AS, Beyene, TJ, Bhutta, ZA, Biadgilign, S, Bikbov, B, Birlik, SM, Birungi, C, Biryukov, S, Bisanzio, D, Bizuayehu, HM, Bose, D, Brainin, M, Brauer, M, Brazinova, A, Breitborde, NJK, Brenner, H, Butt, ZA, Cárdenas, R, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Campos-Nonato, IR, Car, J, Carrero, JJ, Casey, D, Caso, V, Castañeda-Orjuela, CA, Rivas, JC, Catalá-López, F, Cecilio, P, Cercy, K, Charlson, FJ, Chen, AZ, Chew, A, Chibalabala, M, Chibueze, CE, Chisumpa, VH, Chitheer, AA, Chowdhury, R, Christensen, H, Christopher, DJ, Ciobanu, LG, Cirillo, M, Coggeshall, MS, Cooper, LT, Cortinovis, M, Crump, JA, Dalal, K, Danawi, H, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Dargan, PI, das Neves, J, Davey, G, Davitoiu, DV, Davletov, K, De Leo, D, Del Gobbo, LC, del Pozo-Cruz, B, Dellavalle, RP, Deribe, K, Deribew, A, Des Jarlais, DC, Dey, S, Dharmaratne, SD, Dicker, D, Ding, EL, Dokova, K, Dorsey, ER, Doyle, KE, Dubey, M, Ehrenkranz, R, Ellingsen, CL, Elyazar, I, Enayati, A, Ermakov, SP, Eshrati, B, Esteghamati, A, Estep, K, Fürst, T, Faghmous, IDA, Fanuel, FBB, Faraon, EJA, Farid, TA, Farinha, CSES, Faro, A, Farvid, MS, Farzadfar, F, Feigin, VL, Feigl, AB, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Fernandes, JG, Fernandes, JC, Feyissa, TR, Fischer, F, Fitzmaurice, C, Fleming, TD, Foigt, N, Foreman, KJ, Forouzanfar, MH, Franklin, RC, Frostad, J, G/hiwot, TT, Gakidou, E, Gambashidze, K, Gamkrelidze, A, Gao, W, Garcia-Basteiro, AL, Gebre, T, Gebremedhin, AT, Gebremichael, MW, Gebru, AA, Gelaye, AA, Geleijnse, JM, Genova-Maleras, R, Gibney, KB, Giref, AZ, Gishu, MD, Giussani, G, Godwin, WW, Gold, A, Goldberg, EM, Gona, PN, Goodridge, A, Gopalani, SV, Goto, A, Graetz, N, Greaves, F, Griswold, M, Guban, PI, Gugnani, HC, Gupta, PC, Gupta, R, Gupta, T, Gupta, V, Habtewold, TD, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haile, D, Hailu, AD, Hailu, GB, Hakuzimana, A, Hamadeh, RR, Hambisa, MT, Hamidi, S, Hammami, M, Hankey, GJ, Hao, Y, Harb, HL, Hareri, HA, Haro, JM, Hassanvand, MS, Havmoeller, R, Hay, RJ, Hay, SI, Hendrie, D, Heredia-Pi, IB, Hoek, HW, Horino, M, Horita, N, Hosgood, HD, Htet, AS, Hu, G, Huang, H, Huang, JJ, Huntley, BM, Huynh, C, Iburg, KM, Ileanu, BV, Innos, K, Irenso, AA, Jahanmehr, N, Jakovljevic, MB, James, P, James, SL, Javanbakht, M, Jayaraman, SP, Jayatilleke, AU, Jeemon, P, Jha, V, John, D, Johnson, C, Johnson, SC, Jonas, JB, Juel, K, Kabir, Z, Kalkonde, Y, Kamal, R, Kan, H, Karch, A, Karema, CK, Karimi, SM, Kasaeian, A, Kassebaum, NJ, Kastor, A, Katikireddi, SV, Kazanjan, K, Keiyoro, PN, Kemmer, L, Kemp, AH, Kengne, AP, Kerbo, AA, Kereselidze, M, Kesavachandran, CN, Khader, YS, Khalil, I, Khan, AR, Khan, EA, Khan, G, Khang, Y-H, Khoja, ATA, Khonelidze, I, Khubchandani, J, Kibret, GD, Kim, D, Kim, P, Kim, YJ, Kimokoti, RW, Kinfu, Y, Kissoon, N, Kivipelto, M, Kokubo, Y, Kolk, A, Kolte, D, Kopec, JA, Kosen, S, Koul, PA, Koyanagi, A, Kravchenko, M, Krishnaswami, S, Krohn, KJ, Defo, BK, Bicer, BK, Kuipers, EJ, Kulkarni, VS, Kumar, GA, Kumsa, FA, Kutz, M, Kyu, HH, Lager, ACJ, Lal, A, Lal, DK, Lalloo, R, Lallukka, T, Lan, Q, Langan, SM, Lansingh, VC, Larson, HJ, Larsson, A, Laryea, DO, Latif, AA, Lawrynowicz, AEB, Leasher, JL, Leigh, J, Leinsalu, M, Leshargie, CT, Leung, J, Leung, R, Levi, M, Liang, X, Lim, SS, Lind, M, Linn, S, Lipshultz, SE, Liu, P, Liu, Y, Lo, L-T, Logroscino, G, Lopez, AD, Lorch, SA, Lotufo, PA, Lozano, R, Lunevicius, R, Lyons, RA, Macarayan, ERK, Mackay, MT, El Razek, HMA, El Razek, MMA, Mahdavi, M, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malta, DC, Mantovani, LG, Manyazewal, T, Mapoma, CC, Marcenes, W, Marks, GB, Marquez, N, Martinez-Raga, J, Marzan, MB, Massano, J, Mathur, MR, Maulik, PK, Mazidi, M, McAlinden, C, McGrath, JJ, McNellan, C, Meaney, PA, Mehari, A, Mehndiratta, MM, Meier, T, Mekonnen, AB, Meles, KG, Memish, ZA, Mengesha, MM, Mengiste, DT, Mengistie, MA, Menota, BG, Mensah, GA, Mereta, ST, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, TJ, Mezgebe, HB, Micha, R, Millear, A, Mills, EJ, Minnig, S, Mirarefin, M, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mock, CN, Mohammad, KA, Mohammed, S, Mohanty, SK, Mokdad, AH, Mola, GLD, Molokhia, M, Monasta, L, Montico, M, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moraga, P, Morawska, L, Mori, R, Moses, M, Mueller, UO, Murthy, S, Musa, KI, Nachega, JB, Nagata, C, Nagel, G, Naghavi, M, Naheed, A, Naldi, L, Nangia, V, Nascimento, BR, Negoi, I, Neupane, SP, Newton, CR, Ng, M, Ngalesoni, FN, Ngunjiri, JW, Nguyen, G, Ningrum, DNA, Nolte, S, Nomura, M, Norheim, OF, Norrving, B, Noubiap, JJN, Obermeyer, CM, Ogbo, FA, Oh, I-H, Okoro, A, Oladimeji, O, Olagunju, AT, Olivares, PR, Olsen, HE, Olusanya, BO, Olusanya, JO, Opio, JN, Oren, E, Ortiz, A, Osborne, RH, Osman, M, Owolabi, MO, PA, M, Pain, AW, Pakhale, S, Castillo, EP, Pana, A, Papachristou, C, Parsaeian, M, Patel, T, Patton, GC, Paudel, D, Paul, VK, Pearce, N, Pereira, DM, Perez-Padilla, R, Perez-Ruiz, F, Perico, N, Pesudovs, K, Petzold, M, Phillips, MR, Pigott, DM, Pillay, JD, Pinho, C, Polinder, S, Pond, CD, Prakash, V, Purwar, M, Qorbani, M, Quistberg, DA, Radfar, A, Rafay, A, Rahimi, K, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rahman, MHU, Rai, RK, Ram, U, Rana, SM, Rankin, Z, Rao, PV, Rao, PC, Rawaf, S, Rego, MAS, Reitsma, M, Remuzzi, G, Renzaho, AMNN, Resnikoff, S, Rezaei, S, Rezai, MS, Ribeiro, AL, Roba, HS, Rokni, MB, Ronfani, L, Roshandel, G, Roth, GA, Rothenbacher, D, Roy, NK, Sachdev, PS, Sackey, BB, Saeedi, MY, Safiri, S, Sagar, R, Sahraian, MA, Saleh, MM, Salomon, JA, Samy, AM, Sanabria, JR, Sanchez-Niño, MD, Sandar, L, Santos, IS, Santos, JV, Milicevic, MMS, Sarmiento-Suarez, R, Sartorius, B, Satpathy, M, Savic, M, Sawhney, M, Saylan, MI, Schöttker, B, Schutte, AE, Schwebel, DC, Seedat, S, Seid, AM, Seifu, CN, Sepanlou, SG, Serdar, B, Servan-Mori, EE, Setegn, T, Shackelford, KA, Shaheen, A, Shahraz, S, Shaikh, MA, Shakh-Nazarova, M, Shamsipour, M, Islam, SMS, Sharma, J, Sharma, R, She, J, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shen, J, Shi, P, Shigematsu, M, Shin, M-J, Shiri, R, Shoman, H, Shrime, MG, Sibamo, ELS, Sigfusdottir, ID, Silva, DAS, Silveira, DGA, Sindi, S, Singh, A, Singh, JA, Singh, OP, Singh, PK, Singh, V, Sinke, AH, Sinshaw, AE, Skirbekk, V, Sliwa, K, Smith, A, Sobngwi, E, Soneji, S, Soriano, JB, Sousa, TCM, Sposato, LA, Sreeramareddy, CT, Stathopoulou, V, Steel, N, Steiner, C, Steinke, S, Stokes, MA, Stranges, S, Strong, M, Stroumpoulis, K, Sturua, L, Sufiyan, MB, Suliankatchi, RA, Sun, J, Sur, P, Swaminathan, S, Sykes, BL, Tabarés-Seisdedos, R, Tabb, KM, Taffere, GR, Talongwa, RT, Tarajia, M, Tavakkoli, M, Taveira, N, Teeple, S, Tegegne, TK, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Tekelab, T, Tekle, DY, Shifa, GT, Terkawi, AS, Tesema, AG, Thakur, JS, Thomson, AJ, Tillmann, T, Tiruye, TY, Tobe-Gai, R, Tonelli, M, Topor-Madry, R, Tortajada, M, Troeger, C, Truelsen, T, Tura, AK, Uchendu, US, Ukwaja, KN, Undurraga, EA, Uneke, CJ, Uthman, OA, van Boven, JFM, Van Dingenen, R, Varughese, S, Vasankari, T, Venketasubramanian, N, Violante, FS, Vladimirov, SK, Vlassov, VV, Vollset, SE, Vos, T, Wagner, JA, Wakayo, T, Waller, SG, Walson, JL, Wang, H, Wang, Y-P, Watkins, DA, Weiderpass, E, Weintraub, RG, Wen, C-P, Werdecker, A, Wesana, J, Westerman, R, Whiteford, HA, Wilkinson, JD, Wiysonge, CS, Woldeyes, BG, Wolfe, CDA, Won, S, Workicho, A, Workie, SB, Wubshet, M, Xavier, D, Xu, G, Yadav, AK, Yaghoubi, M, Yakob, B, Yan, LL, Yano, Y, Yaseri, M, Yimam, HH, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, S-J, Younis, MZ, Yu, C, Zaidi, Z, El Sayed Zaki, M, Zambrana-Torrelio, C, Zapata, T, Zenebe, ZM, Zodpey, S, Zoeckler, L, Zuhlke, LJ, and Murray, CJL

Published
2017

34. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 333 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author

Abajobir, A, Abate, K, Abbafati, C, Abbas, K, Abd-Allah, F, Abdulkader, R, Abdulle, A, Abebo, T, Abera, S, Aboyans, V, Abu-Raddad, L, Ackerman, I, Adedeji, I, Adetokunboh, O, Afshin, A, Aggarwal, R, Agrawal, S, Agrawal, A, Ahmed, M, Aichour, M, Aichour, A, Aichour, I, Aiyar, S, Akinyemiju, T, Akseer, N, Al Lami, F, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, N, Alam, T, Alasfoor, D, Alene, K, Ali, R, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Alkaabi, J, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Allen, C, Al-Maskari, F, Almazroa, M, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Alsowaidi, S, Althouse, B, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, A, Amini, E, Ammar, W, Amoako, Y, Ansha, M, Antonio, C, Anwari, P, Ärnlöv, J, Arora, M, Artaman, A, Aryal, K, Asgedom, S, Atey, T, Atnafu, N, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, E, Awasthi, A, Awasthi, S, Azarpazhooh, M, Azzopardi, P, Babalola, T, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Balakrishnan, K, Bannick, M, Barac, A, Barker-Collo, S, Bärnighausen, T, Barquera, S, Barrero, L, Basu, S, Battista, R, Battle, K, Baune, B, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Beardsley, J, Bedi, N, Béjot, Y, Bekele, B, Bell, M, Bennett, D, Bennett, J, Bensenor, I, Benson, J, Berhane, A, Berhe, D, Bernabé, E, Betsu, B, Beuran, M, Beyene, A, Bhansali, A, Bhatt, S, Bhutta, Z, Biadgilign, S, Bicer, B, Bienhoff, K, Bikbov, B, Birungi, C, Biryukov, S, Bisanzio, D, Bizuayehu, H, Blyth, F, Boneya, D, Bose, D, Bou-Orm, I, Bourne, R, Brainin, M, Brayne, C, Brazinova, A, Breitborde, N, Briant, P, Britton, G, Brugha, T, Buchbinder, R, Bulto, L, Bumgarner, B, Butt, Z, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Cameron, E, Campos-Nonato, I, Carabin, H, Cárdenas, R, Carpenter, D, Carrero, J, Carter, A, Carvalho, F, Casey, D, Castañeda-Orjuela, C, Castle, C, Catalá-López, F, Chang, J, Charlson, F, Chaturvedi, P, Chen, H, Chibalabala, M, Chibueze, C, Chisumpa, V, Chitheer, A, Chowdhury, R, Christopher, D, Ciobanu, L, Cirillo, M, Colombara, D, Cooper, L, Cooper, C, Cortesi, P, Cortinovis, M, Criqui, M, Cromwell, E, Cross, M, Crump, J, Dadi, A, Dalal, K, Damasceno, A, Dandona, 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Abstract

Background: Measurement of changes in health across locations is useful to compare and contrast changing epidemiological patterns against health system performance and identify specific needs for resource allocation in research, policy development, and programme decision making. Using the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016, we drew from two widely used summary measures to monitor such changes in population health: disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and healthy life expectancy (HALE). We used these measures to track trends and benchmark progress compared with expected trends on the basis of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Methods: We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 for all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, and non-fatal disease burden to derive HALE and DALYs by sex for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2016. We calculated DALYs by summing years of life lost and years of life lived with disability for each location, age group, sex, and year. We estimated HALE using age-specific death rates and years of life lived with disability per capita. We explored how DALYs and HALE difered from expected trends when compared with the SDI: the geometric mean of income per person, educational attainment in the population older than age 15 years, and total fertility rate. Findings: The highest globally observed HALE at birth for both women and men was in Singapore, at 75·2 years (95% uncertainty interval 71·9-78·6) for females and 72·0 years (68·8-75·1) for males. The lowest for females was in the Central African Republic (45·6 years [42·0-49·5]) and for males was in Lesotho (41·5 years [39·0-44·0]). From 1990 to 2016, global HALE increased by an average of 6·24 years (5·97-6·48) for both sexes combined. Global HALE increased by 6·04 years (5·74-6·27) for males and 6·49 years (6·08-6·77) for females, whereas HALE at age 65 years increased by 1·78 years (1·61-1·93) for males

Published
2017

35. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990-2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author

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K., Brenner, Hermann, Brugha, Traolach S., Bulto, Lemma Negesa Bulto, Baumgarner, Blair R., Butt, Zahid A., Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan Jesus, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Catalá-López, Ferrán, Cercy, Kelly, Chang, Hsing-Yi, Charlson, Fiona J., Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Chitheer, Abdulaal A., Christensen, Hanne, Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas, Cirillo, Massimo, Cohen, Aaron J., Comfort, Haley, Cooper, Cyrus, Coresh, Josef, Cornaby, Leslie, Cortesi, Paolo Angelo, Criqui, Michael H., Crump, John A., Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Das Neves, José, Davey, Gail, Davitoiu, Dragos V., Davletov, Kairat, De Courten, Barbora, Degenhardt, Louisa, Deiparine, Selina, Dellavalle, Robert P., Deribe, Kebede, Deshpande, Aniruddha, Dharmaratne, Samath D., Ding, Eric L., Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Huyen Phuc, Dokova, Klara, Doku, David Teye, Dorsey, E. Ray, Driscoll, Tim R., Dubey, Manisha, Duncan, Bruce Bartholow, Duncan, Sarah, Ebert, Natalie, Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, El-Khatib, Ziad Ziad, Enayati, Ahmadali, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Erskine, Holly E., Eshrati, Babak, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esteghamati, Alireza, Estep, Kara, Faraon, Emerito Jose Aquino, Farinha, Carla Sofia E. 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Dean, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hoy, Damian G., Hsairi, Mohamed, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, Hsiang, Huang, John J., Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Ikeda, Chad, Inoue, Manami, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, Jackson, Maria Delores, Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B., Jauregui, Alejandra, Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Johansson, Lars R. K., Johnson, Catherine O., Jonas, Jost B., Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Zubair, Kadel, Rajendra, Kahsay, Amaha, Kamal, Ritul, Karch, André, Karema, Corine Kakizi, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Kastor, Anshul, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kawakami, Norito, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kelbore, Sefonias Getachew, Kemmer, Laura, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalil, Ibrahim A., Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khang, Young-Ho, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Jun Y., Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Kinfu, Yohannes, Kisa, Adnan, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna A., Kivimaki, Mika, Knibbs, Luke D., Knudsen, Ann Kristin, Kopec, Jacek A., Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael, Krohn, Kristopher J., Kromhout, Hans, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kucuk Bicer, Burcu, Kumar, G. Anil, Kutz, Michael, Kyu, Hmwe H., Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lan, Qing, Lansingh, Van C., Larsson, Anders, Lee, Alexander, Lee, Paul H., Leigh, James, Leung, Janni, Levi, Miriam, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongmei, Liang, Xiaofeng, Liben, Misgan Legesse, Linn, Shai, Liu, Patrick, Lodha, Rakesh, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Looker, Katherine J., Lopez, Alan D., Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A., Lozano, Rafael, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King, Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan, Magdy Abd El Razek, Mohammed, Majdan, Marek, Majdzadeh, Reza, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malhotra, Rajesh, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A., Manguerra, Helena, Mantovani, Lorenzo G., Mapoma, Chabila C., Martin, Randall V., Martinez-Raga, Jose, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Mathur, Manu Raj, Matsushita, Kunihiro, Matzopoulos, Richard, Mazidi, Mohsen, McAlinden, Colm, McGrath, John J., Mehata, Suresh, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Meier, Toni, Melaku, Yohannes Adama, Memiah, Peter, Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Mengesha, Melkamu Merid, Mensah, George A., Mensink, Gert B. M., Mereta, Seid Tiku, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, Micha, Renata, Millear, Anoushka, Miller, Ted R., Minnig, Shawn, Mirarefin, Mojde, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Misganaw, Awoke, Mishra, Shiva Raj, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammed, Kedir Endris, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohamed Ibrahim, Norlinah, Mohan, Murali B. V., Mokdad, Ali H., Monasta, Lorenzo, Montañez Hernandez, Julio Cesar, Montico, Marcella, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Morrison, Shane D., Mountjoy-Venning, Cliff, Mueller, Ulrich O., Mullany, Erin C., Muller, Kate, Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naheed, Aliya, Nangia, Vinay, Natarajan, Gopalakrishnan, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Grant, Nguyen, Minh, Nguyen, Quyen Le, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Nichols, Emma, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nomura, Marika, Nong, Vuong Minh, Norheim, Ole F., Norrving, Bo, Noubiap, Jean Jacques N., Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olagunju, Andrew Toyin, Olagunju, Tinuke Oluwasefunmi, Olivares, Pedro R., Olsen, Helen E., Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Alberto, Ota, Erika, Owolabi, Mayowa O., Pa, Mahesh, Pacella, Rosana E., Pana, Adrian, Panda, Basant Kumar, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandian, Jeyaraj D., Papachristou, Christina, Park, Eun-Kee, Parry, Charles D., Patten, Scott B., Patton, George C., Pereira, David M., Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Pillay, Julian David, Piradov, Michael A., Pishgar, Farhad, Plass, Dietrich, Pletcher, Martin A., Polinder, Suzanne, Popova, Svetlana, Poulton, Richie G., Pourmalek, Farshad, Prasad, Narayan, Purcell, Carrie, Qorbani, Mostafa, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajsic, Sasa, Ram, Usha, Rawaf, Salman, Rehm, Colin D., Rehm, Jürgen, Reiner, Robert C., Reitsma, Marissa B., Reynales-Shigematsu, Luz Myriam, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renzaho, Andre M. N., Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Satar, Ribeiro, Antonio L., Rivera, Juan A., Roba, Kedir Teji, Rojas-Rueda, David, Roman, Yesenia, Room, Robin, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roth, Gregory A., Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Rubagotti, Enrico, Rushton, Lesley, Sadat, Nafis, Safdarian, Mahdi, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Sahathevan, Ramesh, Salama, Joseph, Salomon, Joshua A., Samy, Abdallah M., Sanabria, Juan Ramon, Sanchez-Niño, Maria Dolores, Sánchez-Pimienta, Tania G., Santomauro, Damian, Santos, Itamar S., Santric Milicevic, Milena M., Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sawhney, Monika, Saxena, Sonia, Schaeffner, Elke, Schmidt, Maria Inês, Schneider, Ione J. C., Schutte, Aletta E., Schwebel, David C., Schwendicke, Falk, Seedat, Soraya, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Serdar, Berrin, Servan-Mori, Edson E., Shaddick, Gavin, Shaheen, Amira, Shahraz, Saeid, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shamah Levy, Teresa, Shamsipour, Mansour, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Shariful Islam, Sheikh Mohammed, Sharma, Jayendra, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Shen, Jiabin, Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shields, Chloe, Shiferaw, Mekonnen Sisay, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Min-Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shishani, Kawkab, Shoman, Haitham, Shrime, Mark G., Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silva, João Pedro, Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves, Singh, Jasvinder A., Singh, Virendra, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Skiadaresi, Eirini, Slepak, Erica Leigh, Smith, David L., Smith, Mari, Sobaih, Badr H. A., Sobngwi, Eugene, Soneji, Samir, Sorensen, Reed J. D., Sposato, Luciano A., Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T., Srinivasan, Vinay, Steel, Nicholas, Stein, Dan J., Steiner, Caitlyn, Steinke, Sabine, Stokes, Mark Andrew, Strub, Bryan, Subart, Michelle, Sufiyan, Muawiyyah Babale, Suliankatchi, Rizwan Abdulkader, Sur, Patrick J., Swaminathan, Soumya, Sykes, Bryan L., Szoeke, Cassandra E. I., Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Takahashi, Ken, Takala, Jukka S., Tandon, Nikhil, Tanner, Marcel, Tarekegn, Yihunie L., Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Tegegne, Teketo Kassaw, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Tesssema, Belay, Thakur, J. S., Thamsuwan, Ornwipa, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Theis, Andrew M., Thomas, Matthew Lloyd, Thomson, Alan J., Thrift, Amanda G., Tillmann, Taavi, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Tobollik, Myriam, Tollanes, Mette C., Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Torre, Anna, Tortajada, Miguel, Touvier, Mathilde, Tran, Bach Xuan, Truelsen, Thomas, Tuem, Kald Beshir, Tuzcu, Emin Murat, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna, Uneke, Chigozie Jesse, Updike, Rachel, Uthman, Olalekan A., Van Boven, Job F. M., Van Donkelaar, Aaron, Varughese, Santosh, Vasankari, Tommi, Veerman, Lennert J., Venkateswaran, Vidhya, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Violante, Francesco S., Vladimirov, Sergey K., Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Wadilo, Fiseha, Wakayo, Tolassa, Wallin, Mitchell T., Wang, Yuan-Pang, Weichenthal, Scott, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G., Weiss, Daniel J., Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A., Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Woldeyes, Belete Getahun, Wolfe, Charles D. A., Woodbrook, Rachel, Workicho, Abdulhalik, Wulf Hanson, Sarah, Xavier, Denis, Xu, Gelin, Yadgir, Simon, Yakob, Bereket, Yan, Lijing L., Yaseri, Mehdi, Yimam, Hassen Hamid, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Yotebieng, Marcel, Younis, Mustafa Z., Zaidi, Zoubida, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, Zavala-Arciniega, Luis, Zhang, Xueying, Zimsen, Stephanie Raman M., Zipkin, Ben, Zodpey, Sanjay, Lim, Stephen S., Murray, Christopher J. L., Gakidou, E, Afshin, A, Abajobir, A, Abate, K, Abbafati, C, Abbas, K, Abd-Allah, F, Abdulle, A, Abera, S, Aboyans, V, Abu-Raddad, L, Abu-Rmeileh, N, Abyu, G, Adedeji, I, Adetokunboh, O, Afarideh, M, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Ahmad Kiadaliri, A, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmed, M, Aichour, A, Aichour, I, Aichour, M, Akinyemi, R, Akseer, N, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, N, Alam, T, Alasfoor, D, Alene, K, Ali, K, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, A, Amini, E, Ammar, W, Amoako, Y, Ansari, H, Antó, J, Antonio, C, Anwari, P, Arian, N, Ärnlöv, J, Artaman, A, Aryal, K, Asayesh, H, Asgedom, S, Atey, T, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, E, Awasthi, A, Azzopardi, P, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Balakrishnan, K, Ballew, S, Barac, A, Barber, R, Barker-Collo, S, Bärnighausen, T, Barquera, S, Barregard, L, Barrero, L, Batis, C, Battle, K, Baune, B, Beardsley, J, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Bell, M, Bennett, D, Bennett, J, Bensenor, I, Berhane, A, Berhe, D, Bernabé, E, Betsu, B, Beuran, M, Beyene, A, Bhansali, A, Bhutta, Z, Bikbov, B, Birungi, C, Biryukov, S, Blosser, C, Boneya, D, Bou-Orm, I, Brauer, M, Breitborde, N, Brenner, H, Brugha, T, Bulto, L, Baumgarner, B, Butt, Z, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Cárdenas, R, Carrero, J, Castañeda-Orjuela, C, Catalá-López, F, Cercy, K, Chang, H, Charlson, F, Chimed-Ochir, O, Chisumpa, V, Chitheer, A, Christensen, H, Christopher, D, Cirillo, M, Cohen, A, Comfort, H, Cooper, C, Coresh, J, Cornaby, L, Cortesi, P, Criqui, M, Crump, J, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Das Neves, J, Davey, G, Davitoiu, D, Davletov, K, De Courten, B, Degenhardt, L, Deiparine, S, Dellavalle, R, Deribe, K, Deshpande, A, Dharmaratne, S, Ding, E, Djalalinia, S, Do, H, Dokova, K, Doku, D, Dorsey, E, Driscoll, T, Dubey, M, Duncan, B, Duncan, S, Ebert, N, Ebrahimi, H, El-Khatib, Z, Enayati, A, Endries, A, Ermakov, S, Erskine, H, Eshrati, B, Eskandarieh, S, Esteghamati, A, Estep, K, Faraon, E, Farinha, C, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Fay, K, Feigin, V, Fereshtehnejad, S, Fernandes, J, Ferrari, A, Feyissa, T, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Fitzmaurice, C, Flaxman, A, Foigt, N, Foreman, K, Frostad, J, Fullman, N, Fürst, T, Furtado, J, Ganji, M, Garcia-Basteiro, A, Gebrehiwot, T, Geleijnse, J, Geleto, A, Gemechu, B, Gesesew, H, Gething, P, Ghajar, A, Gibney, K, Gill, P, Gillum, R, Giref, A, Gishu, M, Giussani, G, Godwin, W, Gona, P, Goodridge, A, Gopalani, S, Goryakin, Y, Goulart, A, Graetz, N, Gugnani, H, Guo, J, Gupta, R, Gupta, T, Gupta, V, Gutiérrez, R, Hachinski, V, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Hailu, G, Hamadeh, R, Hamidi, S, Hammami, M, Handal, A, Hankey, G, Harb, H, Hareri, H, Hassanvand, M, Havmoeller, R, Hawley, C, Hay, S, Hedayati, M, Hendrie, D, Heredia-Pi, I, Hoek, H, Horita, N, Hosgood, H, Hostiuc, S, Hoy, D, Hsairi, M, Hu, G, Huang, H, Huang, J, Iburg, K, Ikeda, C, Inoue, M, Irvine, C, Jackson, M, Jacobsen, K, Jahanmehr, N, Jakovljevic, M, Jauregui, A, Javanbakht, M, Jeemon, P, Johansson, L, Johnson, C, Jonas, J, Jürisson, M, Kabir, Z, Kadel, R, Kahsay, A, Kamal, R, Karch, A, Karema, C, Kasaeian, A, Kassebaum, N, Kastor, A, Katikireddi, S, Kawakami, N, Keiyoro, P, Kelbore, S, Kemmer, L, Kengne, A, Kesavachandran, C, Khader, Y, Khalil, I, Khan, E, Khang, Y, Khosravi, A, Khubchandani, J, Kieling, C, Kim, D, Kim, J, Kim, Y, Kimokoti, R, Kinfu, Y, Kisa, A, Kissimova-Skarbek, K, Kivimaki, M, Knibbs, L, Knudsen, A, Kopec, J, Kosen, S, Koul, P, Koyanagi, A, Kravchenko, M, Krohn, K, Kromhout, H, Kuate Defo, B, Kucuk Bicer, B, Kumar, G, Kutz, M, Kyu, H, Lal, D, Lalloo, R, Lallukka, T, Lan, Q, Lansingh, V, Larsson, A, Lee, A, Lee, P, Leigh, J, Leung, J, Levi, M, Li, Y, Liang, X, Liben, M, Linn, S, Liu, P, Lodha, R, Logroscino, G, Looker, K, Lopez, A, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, P, Lozano, R, Lunevicius, R, Macarayan, E, Magdy Abd El Razek, H, Magdy Abd El Razek, M, Majdan, M, Majdzadeh, R, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malhotra, R, Malta, D, Mamun, A, Manguerra, H, Mantovani, L, Mapoma, C, Martin, R, Martinez-Raga, J, 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Abu-Raddad, Laith J., Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E., Abyu, Gebre Yitayih, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adetokunboh, Olatunji, Afarideh, Mohsen, Agrawal, Anurag, Agrawal, Sutapa, Ahmad Kiadaliri, Aliasghar, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Aichour, Ibtihel, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akseer, Nadia, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore, Alam, Tahiya, Alasfoor, Deena, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Ali, Komal, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid A., Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T., Amini, Erfan, Ammar, Walid, Amoako, Yaw Ampem, Ansari, Hossein, Antó, Josep M., Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Anwari, Palwasha, Arian, Nicholas, Ärnlöv, Johan, Artaman, Al, Aryal, Krishna Kumar, Asayesh, Hamid, Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal, Atey, Tesfay Mehari, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Azzopardi, Peter, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Ballew, Shoshana H., Barac, Aleksandra, Barber, Ryan M., Barker-Collo, Suzanne L., Bärnighausen, Till, Barquera, Simon, Barregard, Lars, Barrero, Lope H., Batis, Carolina, Battle, Katherine E., Baune, Bernhard T., Beardsley, Justin, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Bell, Michelle L., Bennett, Derrick A., Bennett, James R., Bensenor, Isabela M., Berhane, Adugnaw, Berhe, Derbew Fikadu, Bernabé, Eduardo, Betsu, Balem Demtsu, Beuran, Mircea, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Bhansali, Anil, Bhutta, Zulfqar A., Bikbov, Boris, Birungi, Charles, Biryukov, Stan, Blosser, Christopher D., Boneya, Dube Jara, Bou-Orm, Ibrahim R., Brauer, Michael, Breitborde, Nicholas J. K., Brenner, Hermann, Brugha, Traolach S., Bulto, Lemma Negesa Bulto, Baumgarner, Blair R., Butt, Zahid A., Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan Jesus, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Catalá-López, Ferrán, Cercy, Kelly, Chang, Hsing-Yi, Charlson, Fiona J., Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Chitheer, Abdulaal A., Christensen, Hanne, Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas, Cirillo, Massimo, Cohen, Aaron J., Comfort, Haley, Cooper, Cyrus, Coresh, Josef, Cornaby, Leslie, Cortesi, Paolo Angelo, Criqui, Michael H., Crump, John A., Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Das Neves, José, Davey, Gail, Davitoiu, Dragos V., Davletov, Kairat, De Courten, Barbora, Degenhardt, Louisa, Deiparine, Selina, Dellavalle, Robert P., Deribe, Kebede, Deshpande, Aniruddha, Dharmaratne, Samath D., Ding, Eric L., Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Huyen Phuc, Dokova, Klara, Doku, David Teye, Dorsey, E. Ray, Driscoll, Tim R., Dubey, Manisha, Duncan, Bruce Bartholow, Duncan, Sarah, Ebert, Natalie, Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, El-Khatib, Ziad Ziad, Enayati, Ahmadali, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Erskine, Holly E., Eshrati, Babak, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esteghamati, Alireza, Estep, Kara, Faraon, Emerito Jose Aquino, Farinha, Carla Sofia E. 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Dean, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hoy, Damian G., Hsairi, Mohamed, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, Hsiang, Huang, John J., Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Ikeda, Chad, Inoue, Manami, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, Jackson, Maria Delores, Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B., Jauregui, Alejandra, Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Johansson, Lars R. K., Johnson, Catherine O., Jonas, Jost B., Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Zubair, Kadel, Rajendra, Kahsay, Amaha, Kamal, Ritul, Karch, André, Karema, Corine Kakizi, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Kastor, Anshul, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kawakami, Norito, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kelbore, Sefonias Getachew, Kemmer, Laura, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalil, Ibrahim A., Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khang, Young-Ho, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Jun Y., Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Kinfu, Yohannes, Kisa, Adnan, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna A., Kivimaki, Mika, Knibbs, Luke D., Knudsen, Ann Kristin, Kopec, Jacek A., Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael, Krohn, Kristopher J., Kromhout, Hans, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kucuk Bicer, Burcu, Kumar, G. Anil, Kutz, Michael, Kyu, Hmwe H., Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lan, Qing, Lansingh, Van C., Larsson, Anders, Lee, Alexander, Lee, Paul H., Leigh, James, Leung, Janni, Levi, Miriam, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongmei, Liang, Xiaofeng, Liben, Misgan Legesse, Linn, Shai, Liu, Patrick, Lodha, Rakesh, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Looker, Katherine J., Lopez, Alan D., Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A., Lozano, Rafael, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King, Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan, Magdy Abd El Razek, Mohammed, Majdan, Marek, Majdzadeh, Reza, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malhotra, Rajesh, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A., Manguerra, Helena, Mantovani, Lorenzo G., Mapoma, Chabila C., Martin, Randall V., Martinez-Raga, Jose, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Mathur, Manu Raj, Matsushita, Kunihiro, Matzopoulos, Richard, Mazidi, Mohsen, McAlinden, Colm, McGrath, John J., Mehata, Suresh, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Meier, Toni, Melaku, Yohannes Adama, Memiah, Peter, Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Mengesha, Melkamu Merid, Mensah, George A., Mensink, Gert B. M., Mereta, Seid Tiku, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, Micha, Renata, Millear, Anoushka, Miller, Ted R., Minnig, Shawn, Mirarefin, Mojde, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Misganaw, Awoke, Mishra, Shiva Raj, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammed, Kedir Endris, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohamed Ibrahim, Norlinah, Mohan, Murali B. V., Mokdad, Ali H., Monasta, Lorenzo, Montañez Hernandez, Julio Cesar, Montico, Marcella, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Morrison, Shane D., Mountjoy-Venning, Cliff, Mueller, Ulrich O., Mullany, Erin C., Muller, Kate, Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naheed, Aliya, Nangia, Vinay, Natarajan, Gopalakrishnan, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Grant, Nguyen, Minh, Nguyen, Quyen Le, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Nichols, Emma, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nomura, Marika, Nong, Vuong Minh, Norheim, Ole F., Norrving, Bo, Noubiap, Jean Jacques N., Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olagunju, Andrew Toyin, Olagunju, Tinuke Oluwasefunmi, Olivares, Pedro R., Olsen, Helen E., Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Alberto, Ota, Erika, Owolabi, Mayowa O., Pa, Mahesh, Pacella, Rosana E., Pana, Adrian, Panda, Basant Kumar, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandian, Jeyaraj D., Papachristou, Christina, Park, Eun-Kee, Parry, Charles D., Patten, Scott B., Patton, George C., Pereira, David M., Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Pillay, Julian David, Piradov, Michael A., Pishgar, Farhad, Plass, Dietrich, Pletcher, Martin A., Polinder, Suzanne, Popova, Svetlana, Poulton, Richie G., Pourmalek, Farshad, Prasad, Narayan, Purcell, Carrie, Qorbani, Mostafa, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajsic, Sasa, Ram, Usha, Rawaf, Salman, Rehm, Colin D., Rehm, Jürgen, Reiner, Robert C., Reitsma, Marissa B., Reynales-Shigematsu, Luz Myriam, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renzaho, Andre M. N., Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Satar, Ribeiro, Antonio L., Rivera, Juan A., Roba, Kedir Teji, Rojas-Rueda, David, Roman, Yesenia, Room, Robin, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roth, Gregory A., Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Rubagotti, Enrico, Rushton, Lesley, Sadat, Nafis, Safdarian, Mahdi, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Sahathevan, Ramesh, Salama, Joseph, Salomon, Joshua A., Samy, Abdallah M., Sanabria, Juan Ramon, Sanchez-Niño, Maria Dolores, Sánchez-Pimienta, Tania G., Santomauro, Damian, Santos, Itamar S., Santric Milicevic, Milena M., Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sawhney, Monika, Saxena, Sonia, Schaeffner, Elke, Schmidt, Maria Inês, Schneider, Ione J. 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Abstract

Background: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) provides a comprehensive assessment of risk factor exposure and attributable burden of disease. By providing estimates over a long time series, this study can monitor risk exposure trends critical to health surveillance and inform policy debates on the importance of addressing risks in context. Methods: We used the comparative risk assessment framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks from 1990 to 2016. This study included 481 risk-outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We extracted relative risk (RR) and exposure estimates from 22 717 randomised controlled trials, cohorts, pooled cohorts, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources, according to the GBD 2016 source counting methods. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. Finally, we explored four drivers of trends in attributable burden: population growth, population ageing, trends in risk exposure, and all other factors combined. Findings: Since 1990, exposure increased significantly for 30 risks, did not change significantly for four risks, and decreased significantly for 31 risks. Among risks that are leading causes of burden of disease, child growth failure and household air pollution showed the most significant declines, while metabolic risks, such as body-mass index and high fasting plasma glucose, showed significant increases. In 2016, at Level 3 of the hierarchy, the three leading risk factors in terms of attributable DALYs at the global level for men w

Published
2017

36. Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970-2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author

Wang, H, Abajobir, A, Abate, K, Abbafati, C, Abbas, K, Abd-Allah, F, Abera, S, Abraha, H, Abu-Raddad, L, Abu-Rmeileh, N, Adedeji, I, Adedoyin, R, Adetifa, I, Adetokunboh, O, Afshin, A, Aggarwal, R, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Ahmad Kiadaliri, A, Ahmed, M, Aichour, A, Aichour, I, Aichour, M, Aiyar, S, Akanda, A, Akinyemiju, T, Akseer, N, Al-Eyadhy, A, Al Lami, F, Alabed, S, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, N, Alasfoor, D, Aldridge, R, Alene, K, Alhabib, S, Ali, R, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Aljunid, S, Alkaabi, J, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allam, S, Allebeck, P, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, K, Martin, E, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, A, Ameh, E, Amini, E, Ammar, W, Amoako, Y, Anber, N, Andrei, C, Androudi, S, Ansari, H, Ansha, M, Antonio, C, Anwari, P, Ärnlöv, J, Arora, M, Artaman, A, Aryal, K, Asayesh, H, Asgedom, S, Asghar, R, Assadi, R, Atey, T, Atre, S, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, E, Awasthi, A, Ayala Quintanilla, B, Babalola, T, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Balakrishnan, K, Balalla, S, Barac, A, 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Dean, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hotez, Peter J., Hoy, Damian G., Hsairi, Mohamed, Htet, Aung Soe, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, Hsiang, Huang, John J., Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Igumbor, Ehimario Uche, Ileanu, Bogdan Vasile, Inoue, Manami, Irenso, Asnake Ararsa, Irvine, Caleb M. S., Islam, Nazrul, Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jaenisch, Thomas, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B., Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jensen, Paul N., Jha, Vivekanand, Jin, Ye, John, Denny, John, Oommen, Johnson, Sarah Charlotte, Jonas, Jost B., Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Zubair, Kadel, Rajendra, Kahsay, Amaha, Kalkonde, Yogeshwar, Kamal, Ritul, Kan, Haidong, Karch, André, Karema, Corine Kakizi, Karimi, Seyed M., Karthikeyan, Ganesan, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassaw, Nigussie Assefa, Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Kastor, Anshul, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kazanjan, Konstantin, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kelbore, Sefonias Getachew, Kemp, Andrew Haddon, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Keren, Andre, Kereselidze, Maia, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Ketema, Ezra Belay, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalil, Ibrahim A., Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khang, Young-Ho, Khera, Sahil, Khoja, Abdullah Tawfih Abdullah, Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein, Kibret, Getiye Dejenu, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Cho-Il, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Pauline, Kim, Sungroul, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Kinfu, Yohannes, Kishawi, Sami, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna A., Kissoon, Niranjan, Kivimaki, Mika, Knudsen, Ann Kristin, Kopec, JA, Koul, PA, Krohn, KJ, Kuipers, EJ, Kulikoff, XR, Kulkarni, VS, Kumar, GA, Kumsa, FA, Lagat, AK, Lager, ACJ, Lal, DK, Larson, HJ, Laryea, DO, Lavados, PM, Lee, PH, Liben, ML, Lim, SS, Lipshultz, SE, Lorch, SA, Lotufo, PA, Lyons, RA, Macarayan, ERK, Machado, IE, Mackay, MT, Malta, DC, Mantovani, LG, Mapoma, CC, Marczak, LB, Marks, GB, Martins-Melo, FR, Maulik, PK, Mayosi, BM, McAlinden, C, McGarvey, ST, McGrath, JJ, McKee, M, Mehndiratta, MM, Mehta, KM, Mekonnen, TC, Meles, KG, Memish, ZA, Mengesha, MM, Mengistie, MA, Mengistu, DT, Menon, GR, Menota, BG, Mensah, GA, Meretoja, TJ, Mezgebe, HB, Miller, TR, Mills, EJ, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mishra, SR, Mohammad, KA, Mohammed, KE, Mohan, MBV, Mohanty, SK, Mokdad, AH, Mollenkopf, SK, Montañez Hernandez, JC, Mooney, MD, Moore, AR, Morrison, SD, Mruts, KB, Mueller, UO, Murthy, GVS, Musa, KI, Nachega, JB, Naidoo, KS, Nascimento, BR, Nguyen, CT, Nguyen, QL, Nguyen, TH, Ningrum, DNA, Nisar, MI, Nong, VM, Norheim, OF, Noubiap, JJN, Obermeyer, CM, O'Donnell, MJ, Ogbo, FA, Oh, IH, Olagunju, AT, Olusanya, BO, Olusanya, JO, Owolabi, MO, Oyekale, AS, Mahesh, PA, Pacella, RE, Panda, BK, Park, EK, Patten, SB, Patton, GC, Pereira, DM, Peterson, CB, Petri, WA, Phillips, MR, Piel, FB, Pigott, DM, Postma, MJ, Poulton, RG, Rabiee, RHS, Rahman, MHU, Rahman, SU, Rai, RK, Rana, SM, Ranabhat, CL, Rao, PV, Rego, MAS, Reiner, RC, Renzaho, AMNN, Rezai, MS, Ribeiro, AL, Rokni, MB, Roth, GA, Ruhago, GM, Sabde, YD, Sachdev, PS, Sahraian, MA, Salomon, JA, Salvi, SS, Samy, AM, Sanabria, JR, Sanchez-Niño, MD, Santos, IS, Santric Milicevic, MM, Saylan, MI, Schmidt, MI, Schneider, IJC, Schutte, AE, Schwebel, DC, Seid, AM, Sepanlou, SG, Servan-Mori, EE, Shackelford, KA, Shaikh, MA, Islam, SMS, Shetty, BP, Shrime, MG, Sigfusdottir, ID, Silberberg, DH, Silva, DAS, Silva, JP, Silveira, DGA, Singh, JA, Singh, PK, Sinha, DN, Smith, DL, Sobaih, BHA, Soriano, JB, Sreeramareddy, CT, Stein, DJ, Stokes, MA, Sufiyan, Muawiyyah B, Suliankatchi, Rizwan A, Sunguya, BF, Sur, PJ, Sykes, BL, Szoeke, CEI, Tadakamadla, SK, Tekle, Dejen Y, Temsah, MH, Terkawi, AS, Tesema, CL, Thompson, AH, Thomson, AJ, Thrift, AG, Tiruye, TY, Tran, BX, Tuem, KB, Tuzcu, EM, Ukwaja, KN, Undurraga, EA, Uthman, OA, Uzochukwu, BSC, Van Boven, JFM, Varakin, YY, Vasconcelos, AMN, Violante, FS, Vladimirov, SK, Vlassov, VV, Vollset, SE, Waid, JL, Wang, YP, Weintraub, RG, Wilkinson, JD, Wiysonge, CS, Woldeyes, BG, Wolfe, CDA, Workie, SB, Yalew, AZ, Yan, LL, Yimam, HH, Yirsaw, BD, Yoon, SJ, Younis, MZ, Zenebe, ZM, Zerfu, TA, Zhang, AL, Zuhlke, LJ, Lopez, AD, and Murray, CJL

Abstract

Background: Detailed assessments of mortality patterns, particularly age-specific mortality, represent a crucial input that enables health systems to target interventions to specific populations. Understanding how all-cause mortality has changed with respect to development status can identify exemplars for best practice. To accomplish this, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) estimated age-specific and sex-specific all-cause mortality between 1970 and 2016 for 195 countries and territories and at the subnational level for the five countries with a population greater than 200 million in 2016. Methods: We have evaluated how well civil registration systems captured deaths using a set of demographic methods called death distribution methods for adults and from consideration of survey and census data for children younger than 5 years. We generated an overall assessment of completeness of registration of deaths by dividing registered deaths in each location-year by our estimate of all-age deaths generated from our overall estimation process. For 163 locations, including subnational units in countries with a population greater than 200 million with complete vital registration (VR) systems, our estimates were largely driven by the observed data, with corrections for small fluctuations in numbers and estimation for recent years where there were lags in data reporting (lags were variable by location, generally between 1 year and 6 years). For other locations, we took advantage of different data sources available to measure under-5 mortality rates (U5MR) using complete birth histories, summary birth histories, and incomplete VR with adjustments; we measured adult mortality rate (the probability of death in individuals aged 15-60 years) using adjusted incomplete VR, sibling histories, and household death recall. We used the U5MR and adult mortality rate, together with crude death rate due to HIV in the GBD model life table system, to

Published
2017

37. Erratum: Measuring progress and projecting attainment on the basis of past trends of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 (The Lancet (2017) 390(10100) (1423–1459) (S

Author

Fullman, N, Barber, RM, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abbafati, C, Abbas, KM, Abd-Allah, F, Abdulkader, RS, Abdulle, AM, Abera, SF, Aboyans, V, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Adedeji, IA, Adetokunboh, O, Afshin, A, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Ahmad Kiadaliri, A, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmed, MB, Aichour, MTE, Aichour, AN, Aichour, I, Aiyar, S, Akinyemi, RO, Akseer, N, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, N, Alasfoor, D, Alene, KA, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Allen, C, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Amini, E, Ammar, W, Ansari, H, Antonio, CAT, Anwari, P, Arora, M, Artaman, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Asgedom, SW, Assadi, R, Atey, TM, Atre, SR, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, EFGA, Awasthi, A, Azzopardi, P, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Balakrishnan, K, Bannick, MS, Barac, A, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, T, Barrero, LH, Basu, S, Battle, KE, Baune, BT, Beardsley, J, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Béjot, Y, Bell, ML, Bennett, DA, Bennett, JR, Bensenor, IM, Berhane, A, Berhe, DF, Bernabé, E, Betsu, BD, Beuran, M, Beyene, AS, Bhala, N, Bhansali, A, Bhatt, S, Bhutta, ZA, Bicer, BK, Bidgoli, HH, Bikbov, B, Bilal, AI, Birungi, C, Biryukov, S, Bizuayehu, HM, Blosser, CD, Boneya, DJ, Bose, D, Bou-Orm, IR, Brauer, M, Stokes, Mark, Fullman, N, Barber, RM, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abbafati, C, Abbas, KM, Abd-Allah, F, Abdulkader, RS, Abdulle, AM, Abera, SF, Aboyans, V, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Adedeji, IA, Adetokunboh, O, Afshin, A, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Ahmad Kiadaliri, A, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmed, MB, Aichour, MTE, Aichour, AN, Aichour, I, Aiyar, S, Akinyemi, RO, Akseer, N, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, N, Alasfoor, D, Alene, KA, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Allen, C, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Amini, E, Ammar, W, Ansari, H, Antonio, CAT, Anwari, P, Arora, M, Artaman, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Asgedom, SW, Assadi, R, Atey, TM, Atre, SR, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, EFGA, Awasthi, A, Azzopardi, P, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Balakrishnan, K, Bannick, MS, Barac, A, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, T, Barrero, LH, Basu, S, Battle, KE, Baune, BT, Beardsley, J, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Béjot, Y, Bell, ML, Bennett, DA, Bennett, JR, Bensenor, IM, Berhane, A, Berhe, DF, Bernabé, E, Betsu, BD, Beuran, M, Beyene, AS, Bhala, N, Bhansali, A, Bhatt, S, Bhutta, ZA, Bicer, BK, Bidgoli, HH, Bikbov, B, Bilal, AI, Birungi, C, Biryukov, S, Bizuayehu, HM, Blosser, CD, Boneya, DJ, Bose, D, Bou-Orm, IR, Brauer, M, and Stokes, Mark

Published
2017

38. Erratum:Measuring progress and projecting attainment on the basis of past trends of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 (The Lancet (2017) 390(10100) (1423–1459) (S0

Author

Fullman, N, Barber, RM, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abbafati, C, Abbas, KM, Abd-Allah, F, Abdulkader, RS, Abdulle, AM, Abera, SF, Aboyans, V, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Adedeji, IA, Adetokunboh, O, Afshin, A, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Ahmad Kiadaliri, A, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmed, MB, Aichour, MTE, Aichour, AN, Aichour, I, Aiyar, S, Akinyemi, RO, Akseer, N, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, N, Alasfoor, D, Alene, KA, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Allen, C, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Amini, E, Ammar, W, Ansari, H, Antonio, CAT, Anwari, P, Arora, M, Artaman, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Asgedom, SW, Assadi, R, Atey, TM, Atre, SR, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, EFGA, Awasthi, A, Azzopardi, P, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Balakrishnan, K, Bannick, MS, Barac, A, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, T, Barrero, LH, Basu, S, Battle, KE, Baune, BT, Beardsley, J, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Béjot, Y, Bell, ML, Bennett, DA, Bennett, JR, Bensenor, IM, Berhane, A, Berhe, DF, Bernabé, E, Betsu, BD, Beuran, M, Beyene, AS, Bhala, N, Bhansali, A, Bhatt, S, Bhutta, ZA, Bicer, BK, Bidgoli, HH, Bikbov, B, Bilal, AI, Birungi, C, Biryukov, S, Bizuayehu, HM, Blosser, CD, Boneya, DJ, Bose, D, Bou-Orm, IR, Brauer, M, Stokes, Mark, Fullman, N, Barber, RM, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abbafati, C, Abbas, KM, Abd-Allah, F, Abdulkader, RS, Abdulle, AM, Abera, SF, Aboyans, V, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Adedeji, IA, Adetokunboh, O, Afshin, A, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Ahmad Kiadaliri, A, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmed, MB, Aichour, MTE, Aichour, AN, Aichour, I, Aiyar, S, Akinyemi, RO, Akseer, N, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, N, Alasfoor, D, Alene, KA, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Allen, C, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Amini, E, Ammar, W, Ansari, H, Antonio, CAT, Anwari, P, Arora, M, Artaman, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Asgedom, SW, Assadi, R, Atey, TM, Atre, SR, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, EFGA, Awasthi, A, Azzopardi, P, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Balakrishnan, K, Bannick, MS, Barac, A, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, T, Barrero, LH, Basu, S, Battle, KE, Baune, BT, Beardsley, J, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Béjot, Y, Bell, ML, Bennett, DA, Bennett, JR, Bensenor, IM, Berhane, A, Berhe, DF, Bernabé, E, Betsu, BD, Beuran, M, Beyene, AS, Bhala, N, Bhansali, A, Bhatt, S, Bhutta, ZA, Bicer, BK, Bidgoli, HH, Bikbov, B, Bilal, AI, Birungi, C, Biryukov, S, Bizuayehu, HM, Blosser, CD, Boneya, DJ, Bose, D, Bou-Orm, IR, Brauer, M, and Stokes, Mark

Published
2017

39. Department of Error.

Author

Fullman, N, Barber, RM, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abbafati, C, Abbas, KM, Abd-Allah, F, Abdulkader, RS, Abdulle, AM, Abera, SF, Aboyans, V, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Adedeji, IA, Adetokunboh, O, Afshin, A, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Ahmad Kiadaliri, A, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmed, MB, Aichour, MTE, Aichour, AN, Aichour, I, Aiyar, S, Akinyemi, RO, Akseer, N, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, N, Alasfoor, D, Alene, KA, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Allen, C, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Amini, E, Ammar, W, Ansari, H, Antonio, CAT, Anwari, P, Arora, M, Artaman, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Asgedom, SW, Assadi, R, Atey, TM, Atre, SR, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, EFGA, Awasthi, A, Azzopardi, P, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Balakrishnan, K, Bannick, MS, Barac, A, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, T, Barrero, LH, Basu, S, Battle, KE, Baune, BT, Beardsley, J, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Béjot, Y, Bell, ML, Bennett, DA, Bennett, JR, Bensenor, IM, Berhane, A, Berhe, DF, Bernabé, E, Betsu, BD, Beuran, M, Beyene, AS, Bhala, N, Bhansali, A, Bhatt, S, Bhutta, ZA, Bicer, BK, Bidgoli, HH, Bikbov, B, Bilal, AI, Birungi, C, Biryukov, S, Bizuayehu, HM, Blosser, CD, Boneya, DJ, Bose, D, Bou-Orm, IR, Brauer, M, Fullman, N, Barber, RM, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abbafati, C, Abbas, KM, Abd-Allah, F, Abdulkader, RS, Abdulle, AM, Abera, SF, Aboyans, V, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Adedeji, IA, Adetokunboh, O, Afshin, A, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Ahmad Kiadaliri, A, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmed, MB, Aichour, MTE, Aichour, AN, Aichour, I, Aiyar, S, Akinyemi, RO, Akseer, N, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, N, Alasfoor, D, Alene, KA, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Allen, C, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Amini, E, Ammar, W, Ansari, H, Antonio, CAT, Anwari, P, Arora, M, Artaman, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Asgedom, SW, Assadi, R, Atey, TM, Atre, SR, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, EFGA, Awasthi, A, Azzopardi, P, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Balakrishnan, K, Bannick, MS, Barac, A, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, T, Barrero, LH, Basu, S, Battle, KE, Baune, BT, Beardsley, J, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Béjot, Y, Bell, ML, Bennett, DA, Bennett, JR, Bensenor, IM, Berhane, A, Berhe, DF, Bernabé, E, Betsu, BD, Beuran, M, Beyene, AS, Bhala, N, Bhansali, A, Bhatt, S, Bhutta, ZA, Bicer, BK, Bidgoli, HH, Bikbov, B, Bilal, AI, Birungi, C, Biryukov, S, Bizuayehu, HM, Blosser, CD, Boneya, DJ, Bose, D, Bou-Orm, IR, and Brauer, M

Published
2017

40. Measuring progress and projecting attainment on the basis of past trends of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 (vol 390, pg 1423, 2017)

Author

Fullman, N, Barber, RM, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abbafati, C, Abbas, KM, Abd-Allah, F, Abdulkader, RS, Abdulle, AM, Abera, SF, Aboyans, V, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Adedeji, IA, Adetokunboh, O, Afshin, A, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Ahmad Kiadaliri, A, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmed, MB, Aichour, MTE, Aichour, AN, Aichour, I, Aiyar, S, Akinyemi, RO, Akseer, N, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, N, Alasfoor, D, Alene, KA, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Allen, C, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Amini, E, Ammar, W, Ansari, H, Antonio, CAT, Anwari, P, Arora, M, Artaman, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Asgedom, SW, Assadi, R, Atey, TM, Atre, SR, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, EFGA, Awasthi, A, Azzopardi, P, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Balakrishnan, K, Bannick, MS, Barac, A, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, T, Barrero, LH, Basu, S, Battle, KE, Baune, BT, Beardsley, J, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Béjot, Y, Bell, ML, Bennett, DA, Bennett, JR, Bensenor, IM, Berhane, A, Berhe, DF, Bernabé, E, Betsu, BD, Beuran, M, Beyene, AS, Bhala, N, Bhansali, A, Bhatt, S, Bhutta, ZA, Bicer, BK, Bidgoli, HH, Bikbov, B, Bilal, AI, Birungi, C, Biryukov, S, Bizuayehu, HM, Blosser, CD, Boneya, DJ, Bose, D, Bou-Orm, IR, Brauer, M, Fullman, N, Barber, RM, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abbafati, C, Abbas, KM, Abd-Allah, F, Abdulkader, RS, Abdulle, AM, Abera, SF, Aboyans, V, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Adedeji, IA, Adetokunboh, O, Afshin, A, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Ahmad Kiadaliri, A, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmed, MB, Aichour, MTE, Aichour, AN, Aichour, I, Aiyar, S, Akinyemi, RO, Akseer, N, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, N, Alasfoor, D, Alene, KA, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Allen, C, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Amini, E, Ammar, W, Ansari, H, Antonio, CAT, Anwari, P, Arora, M, Artaman, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Asgedom, SW, Assadi, R, Atey, TM, Atre, SR, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, EFGA, Awasthi, A, Azzopardi, P, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Balakrishnan, K, Bannick, MS, Barac, A, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, T, Barrero, LH, Basu, S, Battle, KE, Baune, BT, Beardsley, J, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Béjot, Y, Bell, ML, Bennett, DA, Bennett, JR, Bensenor, IM, Berhane, A, Berhe, DF, Bernabé, E, Betsu, BD, Beuran, M, Beyene, AS, Bhala, N, Bhansali, A, Bhatt, S, Bhutta, ZA, Bicer, BK, Bidgoli, HH, Bikbov, B, Bilal, AI, Birungi, C, Biryukov, S, Bizuayehu, HM, Blosser, CD, Boneya, DJ, Bose, D, Bou-Orm, IR, and Brauer, M

Published
2017

41. Erratum: Measuring progress and projecting attainment on the basis of past trends of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 (The Lancet (2017) 390(10100) (1423–1459) (S014067361732336X) (10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32336-X))

Author

Fullman, Nancy, Fullman, N, Barber, R, Abajobir, A, Abate, K, Abbafati, C, Abbas, K, Abd-Allah, F, Abdulkader, R, Abdulle, A, Abera, S, Aboyans, V, Abu-Raddad, L, Abu-Rmeileh, N, Adedeji, I, Adetokunboh, O, Afshin, A, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Ahmad Kiadaliri, A, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmed, M, Aichour, M, Aichour, A, Aichour, I, Aiyar, S, Akinyemi, R, Akseer, N, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, N, Alasfoor, D, Alene, K, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Allen, C, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, A, Amini, E, Ammar, W, Ansari, H, Antonio, C, Anwari, P, Arora, M, Artaman, A, Aryal, K, Asayesh, H, Asgedom, S, Assadi, R, Atey, T, Atre, S, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, E, Awasthi, A, Azzopardi, P, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Balakrishnan, K, Bannick, M, Barac, A, Barker-Collo, S, Bärnighausen, T, Barrero, L, Basu, S, Battle, K, Baune, B, Beardsley, J, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Béjot, Y, Bell, M, Bennett, D, Bennett, J, Bensenor, I, Berhane, A, Berhe, D, Bernabé, E, Betsu, B, Beuran, M, Beyene, A, Bhala, N, Bhansali, A, Bhatt, S, Bhutta, Z, Bicer, B, Bidgoli, H, Bikbov, B, Bilal, A, Birungi, C, Biryukov, S, Bizuayehu, H, Blosser, C, Boneya, D, Bose, D, Bou-Orm, I, Brauer, M, Breitborde, N, Brugha, T, Bulto, L, Butt, Z, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Cameron, E, Campuzano, J, Carabin, H, Cárdenas, R, Carrero, J, Carter, A, Casey, D, Castañeda-Orjuela, C, Castro, R, Catalá-López, F, Cercy, K, Chang, H, Chang, J, Charlson, F, Chew, A, Chisumpa, V, Chitheer, A, Christensen, H, Christopher, D, Cirillo, M, Cooper, C, Criqui, M, Cromwell, E, Crump, J, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Dargan, P, das Neves, J, Davitoiu, D, de Courten, B, De Steur, H, Defo, B, Degenhardt, L, Deiparine, S, Deribe, K, Deveber, G, Ding, E, Djalalinia, S, Do, H, Dokova, K, Doku, D, Donkelaar, A, Dorsey, E, Driscoll, T, Dubey, M, Duncan, B, Ebel, B, Ebrahimi, H, El-Khatib, Z, Enayati, A, Endries, A, Ermakov, S, Erskine, H, Eshrati, B, Eskandarieh, S, Esteghamati, A, Estep, K, Faraon, E, Farinha, C, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Fazeli, M, Feigin, V, Feigl, A, Fereshtehnejad, S, Fernandes, J, Ferrari, A, Feyissa, T, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Fitzmaurice, C, Flaxman, A, Foigt, N, Foreman, K, Frank, T, Franklin, R, Friedman, J, Frostad, J, Fürst, T, Furtado, J, Gakidou, E, Garcia-Basteiro, A, Gebrehiwot, T, Geleijnse, J, Geleto, A, Gemechu, B, Gething, P, Gibney, K, Gill, P, Gillum, R, Giref, A, Gishu, M, Giussani, G, Glenn, S, Godwin, W, Goldberg, E, Gona, P, Goodridge, A, Gopalani, S, Goryakin, Y, Griswold, M, Gugnani, H, Gupta, R, Gupta, T, Gupta, V, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Hailu, G, Hamadeh, R, Hammami, M, Hankey, G, Harb, H, Hareri, H, Hassanvand, M, Havmoeller, R, Hawley, C, Hay, S, He, J, Hendrie, D, Henry, N, Heredia-Pi, I, Hoek, H, Holmberg, M, Horita, N, Hosgood, H, Hostiuc, S, Hoy, D, Hsairi, M, Htet, A, Huang, J, Huang, H, Huynh, C, Iburg, K, Ikeda, C, Inoue, M, Irvine, C, Jacobsen, K, Jahanmehr, N, Jakovljevic, M, Jauregui, A, Javanbakht, M, Jeemon, P, Jha, V, John, D, Johnson, C, Johnson, S, Jonas, J, Jürisson, M, Kabir, Z, Kadel, R, Kahsay, A, Kamal, R, Karch, A, Karema, C, Kasaeian, A, Kassebaum, N, Kastor, A, Katikireddi, S, Kawakami, N, Keiyoro, P, Kelbore, S, Kemmer, L, Kengne, A, Kesavachandran, C, Khader, Y, Khalil, I, Khan, E, Khang, Y, Khosravi, A, Khubchandani, J, Kieling, C, Kim, J, Kim, Y, Kim, D, Kimokoti, R, Kinfu, Y, Kisa, A, Kissimova-Skarbek, K, Kivimaki, M, Kokubo, Y, Kopec, J, Kosen, S, Koul, P, Koyanagi, A, Kravchenko, M, Krohn, K, Kulikoff, X, Kumar, G, Kumar Lal, D, Kutz, M, Kyu, H, Lalloo, R, Lansingh, V, Larsson, A, Lazarus, J, Lee, P, Leigh, J, Leung, J, Leung, R, Levi, M, Li, Y, Liben, M, Linn, S, Liu, P, Liu, S, Lodha, R, Looker, K, Lopez, A, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, P, Lozano, R, Lucas, T, Lunevicius, R, Mackay, M, Maddison, E, Magdy Abd El Razek, H, Magdy Abd El Razek, M, Majdan, M, Majdzadeh, R, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malhotra, R, Malta, D, Mamun, A, Manguerra, H, Mantovani, L, Manyazewal, T, Mapoma, C, Marks, G, Martin, R, Martinez-Raga, J, Martins-Melo, F, Martopullo, I, Mathur, M, Mazidi, M, Mcalinden, C, Mcgaughey, M, Mcgrath, J, Mckee, M, Mehata, S, Mehndiratta, M, Meier, T, Meles, K, Memish, Z, Mendoza, W, Mengesha, M, Mengistie, M, Mensah, G, Mensink, G, Mereta, S, Meretoja, T, Meretoja, A, Mezgebe, H, Micha, R, Millear, A, Miller, T, Minnig, S, Mirarefin, M, Mirrakhimov, E, Misganaw, A, Mishra, S, Mitchell, P, Mohammad, K, Mohammed, K, Mohammed, S, Mohan, M, Mokdad, A, Mollenkopf, S, Monasta, L, Montañez Hernandez, J, Montico, M, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moraga, P, Morawska, L, Morrison, S, Moses, M, Mountjoy-Venning, C, Mueller, U, Muller, K, Murthy, G, Musa, K, Naghavi, M, Naheed, A, Naidoo, K, Nangia, V, Natarajan, G, Negoi, R, Negoi, I, Nguyen, C, Nguyen, Q, Nguyen, T, Nguyen, G, Nguyen, M, Nichols, E, Ningrum, D, Nomura, M, Nong, V, Norheim, O, Noubiap, J, Obermeyer, C, Ogbo, F, Oh, I, Oladimeji, O, Olagunju, A, Olagunju, T, Olivares, P, Olsen, H, Olusanya, B, Olusanya, J, Ong, K, Oren, E, Ortiz, A, Owolabi, M, Pa, M, Pana, A, Panda, B, Panda-Jonas, S, Papachristou, C, Park, E, Patton, G, Paulson, K, Pereira, D, Perico, D, Pesudovs, K, Petzold, M, Phillips, M, Pigott, D, Pillay, J, Pinho, C, Piradov, M, Pishgar, F, Poulton, R, Pourmalek, F, Qorbani, M, Radfar, A, Rafay, A, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rai, R, Rajsic, S, Ram, U, Ranabhat, C, Rao, P, Rawaf, S, Reidy, P, Reiner, R, Reinig, N, Reitsma, M, Remuzzi, G, Renzaho, A, Resnikoff, S, Rezaei, S, Rios Blancas, M, Rivas, J, Roba, K, Rojas-Rueda, D, Rokni, M, Roshandel, G, Roth, G, Roy, A, Rubagotti, E, Sadat, N, Safdarian, M, Safi, S, Safiri, S, Sagar, R, Salama, J, Salomon, J, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Santomauro, D, Santos, I, Santos, J, Santric Milicevic, M, Sartorius, B, Satpathy, M, Sawhney, M, Saxena, S, Saylan, M, Schmidt, M, Schneider, I, Schneider, M, Schöttker, B, Schutte, A, Schwebel, D, Schwendicke, F, Seedat, S, Sepanlou, S, Servan-Mori, E, Shackelford, K, Shaheen, A, Shahraz, S, Shaikh, M, Shamsipour, M, Shamsizadeh, M, Shariful Islam, S, Sharma, J, Sharma, R, She, J, Shi, P, Shibuya, K, Shields, C, Shifa, G, Shiferaw, M, Shigematsu, M, Shin, M, Shiri, R, Shirkoohi, R, Shirude, S, Shishani, K, Shoman, H, Shrime, M, Silberberg, D, Silva, D, Silva, J, Silveira, D, Singh, J, Singh, V, Sinha, D, Skiadaresi, E, Slepak, E, Sligar, A, Smith, D, Smith, A, Smith, M, Sobaih, B, Sobngwi, E, Soljak, M, Soneji, S, Sorensen, R, Sposato, L, Sreeramareddy, C, Srinivasan, V, Stanaway, J, Stein, D, Steiner, C, Steinke, S, Stokes, M, Strub, B, Sufiyan, M, Sunguya, B, Sur, P, Swaminathan, S, Sykes, B, Sylte, D, Szoeke, C, Tabarés-Seisdedos, R, Tadakamadla, S, Tandon, N, Tao, T, Tarekegn, Y, Tavakkoli, M, Taveira, N, Tegegne, T, Terkawi, A, Tessema, G, Thakur, J, Thankappan, K, Thrift, A, Tiruye, T, Tobe-Gai, R, Topor-Madry, R, Torre, A, Tortajada, M, Tran, B, Troeger, C, Truelsen, T, Tsoi, D, Tuem, K, Tuzcu, E, Tyrovolas, S, Ukwaja, K, Uneke, C, Updike, R, Uthman, O, van Boven, J, Varughese, S, Vasankari, T, Venketasubramanian, N, Vidavalur, R, Violante, F, Vladimirov, S, Vlassov, V, Vollset, S, Vos, T, Wadilo, F, Wakayo, T, Wallin, M, Wang, Y, Weichenthal, S, Weiderpass, E, Weintraub, R, Weiss, D, Werdecker, A, Westerman, R, Whiteford, H, Wijeratne, T, Wiysonge, C, Woldeyes, B, Wolfe, C, Woodbrook, R, Xavier, D, Xu, G, Yadgir, S, Yakob, B, Yan, L, Yano, Y, Yaseri, M, Ye, P, Yimam, H, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, S, Yotebieng, M, Younis, M, Zaidi, Z, Zaki, M, Zavala-Arciniega, L, Zhang, X, Zipkin, B, Zodpey, S, Lim, S, Murray, C, Fullman, Nancy, Barber, Ryan M, Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, Abdulle, Abdishakur M, Abera, Semaw Ferede, Aboyans, Victor, Abu-Raddad, Laith J, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M E, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adetokunboh, Olatunji, Afshin, Ashkan, Agrawal, Anurag, Agrawal, Sutapa, Ahmad Kiadaliri, Aliasghar, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Aichour, Ibtihel, Aiyar, Sneha, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akseer, Nadia, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore, Alasfoor, Deena, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Allen, Christine, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid A, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Amini, Erfan, Ammar, Walid, Ansari, Hossein, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Anwari, Palwasha, Arora, Megha, Artaman, Al, Aryal, Krishna Kumar, Asayesh, Hamid, Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal, Assadi, Reza, Atey, Tesfay Mehari, Atre, Sachin R, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Azzopardi, Peter, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Bannick, Marlena S, Barac, Aleksandra, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L, Bärnighausen, Till, Barrero, Lope H, Basu, Sanjay, Battle, Katherine E, Baune, Bernhard T, Beardsley, Justin, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Béjot, Yannick, Bell, Michelle L, Bennett, Derrick A, Bennett, James R, Bensenor, Isabela M, Berhane, Adugnaw, Berhe, Derbew Fikadu, Bernabé, Eduardo, Betsu, Balem Demtsu, Beuran, Mircea, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhansali, Anil, Bhatt, Samir, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Bidgoli, Hassan Haghparast, Bikbov, Boris, Bilal, Arebu I, Birungi, Charles, Biryukov, Stan, Bizuayehu, Habtamu Mellie, Blosser, Christopher D, Boneya, Dube Jara, Bose, Dipan, Bou-Orm, Ibrahim R, Brauer, Michael, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, Brugha, Traolach S, Bulto, Lemma Negesa Bulto, Butt, Zahid A, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Cameron, Ewan, Campuzano, Julio Cesar, Carabin, Hélène, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan Jesus, Carter, Austin, Casey, Daniel C, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Castro, Ruben Estanislao, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Cercy, Kelly, Chang, Hsing-Yi, Chang, Jung-Chen, Charlson, Fiona J, Chew, Adrienne, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Chitheer, Abdulaal A, Christensen, Hanne, Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas, Cirillo, Massimo, Cooper, Cyrus, Criqui, Michael H, Cromwell, Elizabeth A, Crump, John A, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dargan, Paul I, das Neves, José, Davitoiu, Dragos V, de Courten, Barbora, De Steur, Hans, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Degenhardt, Louisa, Deiparine, Selina, Deribe, Kebede, deVeber, Gabrielle A, Ding, Eric L, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Huyen Phuc, Dokova, Klara, Doku, David Teye, Donkelaar, Aaron van, Dorsey, E Ray, Driscoll, Tim R, Dubey, Manisha, Duncan, Bruce Bartholow, Ebel, Beth E, Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, El-Khatib, Ziad Ziad, Enayati, Ahmadali, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Erskine, Holly E, Eshrati, Babak, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esteghamati, Alireza, Estep, Kara, Faraon, Emerito Jose Aquino, Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sa, Faro, André, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fazeli, Mir Sohail, Feigin, Valery L, Feigl, Andrea B, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, João C, Ferrari, Alize J, Feyissa, Tesfaye Regassa, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Flaxman, Abraham D, Foigt, Nataliya, Foreman, Kyle J, Frank, Tahvi, Franklin, Richard C, Friedman, Joseph, Frostad, Joseph J, Fürst, Thomas, Furtado, Joao M, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Geleijnse, Johanna M, Geleto, Ayele, Gemechu, Bikila Lencha, Gething, Peter W, Gibney, Katherine B, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Gillum, Richard F, Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Giussani, Giorgia, Glenn, Scott D, Godwin, William W, Goldberg, Ellen M, Gona, Philimon N, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goryakin, Yevgeniy, Griswold, Max, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Tanush, Gupta, Vipin, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hammami, Mouhanad, Hankey, Graeme J, Harb, Hilda L, Hareri, Habtamu Abera, Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hawley, Caitlin, Hay, Simon I, He, Jiawei, Hendrie, Delia, Henry, Nathaniel J, Heredia-Pi, Ileana Beatriz, Hoek, Hans W, Holmberg, Mollie, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H Dean, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hoy, Damian G, Hsairi, Mohamed, Htet, Aung Soe, Huang, John J, Huang, Hsiang, Huynh, Chantal, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Ikeda, Chad, Inoue, Manami, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B, Jauregui, Alejandra, Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Vivekanand, John, Denny, Johnson, Catherine O, Johnson, Sarah Charlotte, Jonas, Jost B, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Zubair, Kadel, Rajendra, Kahsay, Amaha, Kamal, Ritul, Karch, André, Karema, Corine Kakizi, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Kastor, Anshul, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kawakami, Norito, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kelbore, Sefonias Getachew, Kemmer, Laura, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalil, Ibrahim A, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khang, Young-Ho, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Jun Y, Kim, Yun Jin, Kim, Daniel, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kinfu, Yohannes, Kisa, Adnan, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna A, Kivimaki, Mika, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kopec, Jacek A, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael, Krohn, Kristopher J, Kulikoff, Xie Rachel, Kumar, G Anil, Kumar Lal, Dharmesh, Kutz, Michael J, Kyu, Hmwe H, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lansingh, Van C, Larsson, Anders, Lazarus, Jeffrey Victor, Lee, Paul H, Leigh, James, Leung, Janni, Leung, Ricky, Levi, Miriam, Li, Yongmei, Liben, Misgan Legesse, Linn, Shai, Liu, Patrick Y, Liu, Shiwei, Lodha, Rakesh, Looker, Katharine J, Lopez, Alan D, Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lozano, Rafael, Lucas, Timothy C D, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Mackay, Mark T, Maddison, Emilie R, Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan, Magdy Abd El Razek, Mohammed, Majdan, Marek, Majdzadeh, Reza, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malhotra, Rajesh, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A, Manguerra, Helena, Mantovani, Lorenzo G, Manyazewal, Tsegahun, Mapoma, Chabila C, Marks, Guy B, Martin, Randall V, Martinez-Raga, Jose, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Martopullo, Ira, Mathur, Manu Raj, Mazidi, Mohsen, McAlinden, Colm, McGaughey, Madeline, McGrath, John J, McKee, Martin, Mehata, Suresh, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Meier, Toni, Meles, Kidanu Gebremariam, Memish, Ziad A, Mendoza, Walter, Mengesha, Melkamu Merid, Mengistie, Mubarek Abera, Mensah, George A, Mensink, Gert B M, Mereta, Seid Tiku, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Meretoja, Atte, Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, Micha, Renata, Millear, Anoushka, Miller, Ted R, Minnig, Shawn, Mirarefin, Mojde, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Misganaw, Awoke, Mishra, Shiva Raj, Mitchell, Philip B, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammed, Kedir Endris, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohan, Murali B V, Mokdad, Ali H, Mollenkopf, Sarah K, Monasta, Lorenzo, Montañez Hernandez, Julio Cesar, Montico, Marcella, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Morrison, Shane D, Moses, Mark W, Mountjoy-Venning, Cliff, Mueller, Ulrich O, Muller, Kate, Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naheed, Aliya, Naidoo, Kovin S, Nangia, Vinay, Natarajan, Gopalakrishnan, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Negoi, Ionut, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Quyen Le, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Nguyen, Grant, Nguyen, Minh, Nichols, Emma, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nomura, Marika, Nong, Vuong Minh, Norheim, Ole F, Noubiap, Jean Jacques N, Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olagunju, Andrew Toyin, Olagunju, Tinuke Oluwasefunmi, Olivares, Pedro R, Olsen, Helen E, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Ong, Kanyin, Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Alberto, Owolabi, Mayowa O, PA, Mahesh, Pana, Adrian, Panda, Basant Kumar, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Papachristou, Christina, Park, Eun-Kee, Patton, George C, Paulson, Katherine, Pereira, David M, Perico, David Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Pigott, David M, Pillay, Julian David, Pinho, Christine, Piradov, Michael A, Pishgar, Farhad, Poulton, Richie G, Pourmalek, Farshad, Qorbani, Mostafa, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajsic, Sasa, Ram, Usha, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rao, Puja C, Rawaf, Salman, Reidy, Patrick, Reiner, Robert C, Reinig, Nikolas, Reitsma, Marissa B, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renzaho, Andre M N, Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Satar, Rios Blancas, Maria Jesus, Rivas, Jacqueline Castillo, Roba, Kedir Teji, Rojas-Rueda, David, Rokni, Mohammad Bagher, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roth, Gregory A, Roy, Ambuj, Rubagotti, Enrico, Sadat, Nafis, Safdarian, Mahdi, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Salama, Joseph, Salomon, Joshua A, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan Ramon, Santomauro, Damian, Santos, Itamar S, Santos, João Vasco, Santric Milicevic, Milena M, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sawhney, Monika, Saxena, Sonia, Saylan, Mete I, Schmidt, Maria Inês, Schneider, Ione J C, Schneider, Matthew T, Schöttker, Ben, Schutte, Aletta E, Schwebel, David C, Schwendicke, Falk, Seedat, Soraya, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Servan-Mori, Edson E, Shackelford, Katya Anne, Shaheen, Amira, Shahraz, Saeid, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shamsipour, Mansour, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Shariful Islam, Sheikh Mohammed, Sharma, Jayendra, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shields, Chloe, Shifa, Girma Temam, Shiferaw, Mekonnen Sisay, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Min-Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shirude, Shreya, Shishani, Kawkab, Shoman, Haitham, Shrime, Mark G, Silberberg, Donald H, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silva, João Pedro, Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Virendra, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Skiadaresi, Eirini, Slepak, Erica Leigh, Sligar, Amber, Smith, David L, Smith, Alison, Smith, Mari, Sobaih, Badr H A, Sobngwi, Eugene, Soljak, Michael, Soneji, Samir, Sorensen, Reed J D, Sposato, Luciano A, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Srinivasan, Vinay, Stanaway, Jeffrey D, Stein, Dan J, Steiner, Caitlyn, Steinke, Sabine, Stokes, Mark Andrew, Strub, Bryan, Sufiyan, Muawiyyah Babale, Sunguya, Bruno F, Sur, Patrick J, Swaminathan, Soumya, Sykes, Bryan L, Sylte, Dillon O, Szoeke, Cassandra E I, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Tandon, Nikhil, Tao, Tianchan, Tarekegn, Yihunie L, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taveira, Nuno, Tegegne, Teketo Kassaw, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Tessema, Gizachew Assefa, Thakur, J. 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Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malhotra, Rajesh, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A, Manguerra, Helena, Mantovani, Lorenzo G, Manyazewal, Tsegahun, Mapoma, Chabila C, Marks, Guy B, Martin, Randall V, Martinez-Raga, Jose, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Martopullo, Ira, Mathur, Manu Raj, Mazidi, Mohsen, McAlinden, Colm, McGaughey, Madeline, McGrath, John J, McKee, Martin, Mehata, Suresh, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Meier, Toni, Meles, Kidanu Gebremariam, Memish, Ziad A, Mendoza, Walter, Mengesha, Melkamu Merid, Mengistie, Mubarek Abera, Mensah, George A, Mensink, Gert B M, Mereta, Seid Tiku, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Meretoja, Atte, Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, Micha, Renata, Millear, Anoushka, Miller, Ted R, Minnig, Shawn, Mirarefin, Mojde, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Misganaw, Awoke, Mishra, Shiva Raj, Mitchell, Philip B, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammed, Kedir Endris, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohan, Murali B V, Mokdad, Ali H, Mollenkopf, Sarah K, Monasta, Lorenzo, Montañez Hernandez, Julio Cesar, Montico, Marcella, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Morrison, Shane D, Moses, Mark W, Mountjoy-Venning, Cliff, Mueller, Ulrich O, Muller, Kate, Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naheed, Aliya, Naidoo, Kovin S, Nangia, Vinay, Natarajan, Gopalakrishnan, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Negoi, Ionut, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Quyen Le, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Nguyen, Grant, Nguyen, Minh, Nichols, Emma, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nomura, Marika, Nong, Vuong Minh, Norheim, Ole F, Noubiap, Jean Jacques N, Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olagunju, Andrew Toyin, Olagunju, Tinuke Oluwasefunmi, Olivares, Pedro R, Olsen, Helen E, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Ong, Kanyin, Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Alberto, Owolabi, Mayowa O, PA, Mahesh, Pana, Adrian, Panda, Basant Kumar, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Papachristou, Christina, Park, Eun-Kee, Patton, George C, Paulson, Katherine, Pereira, David M, Perico, David Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Pigott, David M, Pillay, Julian David, Pinho, Christine, Piradov, Michael A, Pishgar, Farhad, Poulton, Richie G, Pourmalek, Farshad, Qorbani, Mostafa, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajsic, Sasa, Ram, Usha, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rao, Puja C, Rawaf, Salman, Reidy, Patrick, Reiner, Robert C, Reinig, Nikolas, Reitsma, Marissa B, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renzaho, Andre M N, Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Satar, Rios Blancas, Maria Jesus, Rivas, Jacqueline Castillo, Roba, Kedir Teji, Rojas-Rueda, David, Rokni, Mohammad Bagher, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roth, Gregory A, Roy, Ambuj, Rubagotti, Enrico, Sadat, Nafis, Safdarian, Mahdi, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Salama, Joseph, Salomon, Joshua A, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan Ramon, Santomauro, Damian, Santos, Itamar S, Santos, João Vasco, Santric Milicevic, Milena M, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sawhney, Monika, Saxena, Sonia, Saylan, Mete I, Schmidt, Maria Inês, Schneider, Ione J C, Schneider, Matthew T, Schöttker, Ben, Schutte, Aletta E, Schwebel, David C, Schwendicke, Falk, Seedat, Soraya, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Servan-Mori, Edson E, Shackelford, Katya Anne, Shaheen, Amira, Shahraz, Saeid, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shamsipour, Mansour, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Shariful Islam, Sheikh Mohammed, Sharma, Jayendra, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shields, Chloe, Shifa, Girma Temam, Shiferaw, Mekonnen Sisay, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Min-Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shirude, Shreya, Shishani, Kawkab, Shoman, Haitham, Shrime, Mark G, Silberberg, Donald H, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silva, João Pedro, Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Virendra, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Skiadaresi, Eirini, Slepak, Erica Leigh, Sligar, Amber, Smith, David L, Smith, Alison, Smith, Mari, Sobaih, Badr H A, Sobngwi, Eugene, Soljak, Michael, Soneji, Samir, Sorensen, Reed J D, Sposato, Luciano A, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Srinivasan, Vinay, Stanaway, Jeffrey D, Stein, Dan J, Steiner, Caitlyn, Steinke, Sabine, Stokes, Mark Andrew, Strub, Bryan, Sufiyan, Muawiyyah Babale, Sunguya, Bruno F, Sur, Patrick J, Swaminathan, Soumya, Sykes, Bryan L, Sylte, Dillon O, Szoeke, Cassandra E I, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Tandon, Nikhil, Tao, Tianchan, Tarekegn, Yihunie L, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taveira, Nuno, Tegegne, Teketo Kassaw, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Tessema, Gizachew Assefa, Thakur, J. S., Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Thrift, Amanda G, Tiruye, Tenaw Yimer, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Topor-Madry, Roman, Torre, Anna, Tortajada, Miguel, Tran, Bach Xuan, Troeger, Christopher, Truelsen, Thomas, Tsoi, Derrick, Tuem, Kald Beshir, Tuzcu, Emin Murat, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ukwaja, Kingsley N, Uneke, Chigozie Jesse, Updike, Rachel, Uthman, Olalekan A, van Boven, Job F M, Varughese, Santosh, Vasankari, Tommi, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Vidavalur, Ramesh, Violante, Francesco S, Vladimirov, Sergey K, Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Wadilo, Fiseha, Wakayo, Tolassa, Wallin, Mitchell T, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Weichenthal, Scott, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G, Weiss, Daniel J, Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A, Wijeratne, Tissa, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Woldeyes, Belete Getahun, Wolfe, Charles D A, Woodbrook, Rachel, Xavier, Denis, Xu, Gelin, Yadgir, Simon, Yakob, Bereket, Yan, Lijing L, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Ye, Pengpeng, Yimam, Hassen Hamid, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Yotebieng, Marcel, Younis, Mustafa Z, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zavala-Arciniega, Luis, Zhang, Xueying, Zipkin, Ben, Zodpey, Sanjay, Lim, Stephen S, and Murray, Christopher J L

Abstract

GBD 2016 SDG Collaborators. Measuring progress and projecting attainment on the basis of past trends of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet 2017; 390: 1423–59—The full-text version of this Article has been updated so that the list of authors is displayed in the correct order, in line with the pdf version, rather than in alphabetical order. This correction has been made to the online version as of Oct 12, 2017.

Published
2017

42. Elizabeth Anscombe: razones y acciones

Author

Ríos Guardiola, Mª G., Hernández Gonzáles, Mª B., Esteban Bernabé, E., García Arnaldos, María Dolores, Ríos Guardiola, Mª G., Hernández Gonzáles, Mª B., Esteban Bernabé, E., and García Arnaldos, María Dolores

Abstract

En Intention, Elizabeth Anscombe afirma que el concepto de ‘razones para actuar’ está estrechamente relacionado con el concepto de acción intencional. Una acción es intencional si la pregunta ‘¿por qué?’ es pertinente, aunque no siempre pueda responderse (Anscombe 2000: §5). La dificultad es que, al explicar la acción como una categoría especial de evento del que podemos dar razones, caemos en un círculo explicativo. Wright (Wright 2014) ofrecerá una posible solución a partir de la noción de acción mental básica. Aquí mantenemos en la línea de Anscombe, que la razón constituye la justificación de la acción. Pero mientras para Anscombe, el vínculo entre razón y acción se establece a través de la comprensión de ambos conceptos o a través de principios normativos, consideramos que hay acciones mentales básicas a partir de la cuales podemos dar razones explicativas sin caer en una circularidad.

Published
2017

45. Comparing lifecourse models of social class and adult oral health using the 1958 national child development study

Author

Delgado-Angulo, E.K. and Bernabé, E.

Subjects
Adult, Male, Oral health, Adolescent, Health Status, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.14 [https], Social class, United Kingdom, Social Mobility, Cohort Studies, Young Adult, female, Socioeconomic Factors, classification, gingival diseases, Humans, Health Status Indicators, Longitudinal Studies, Lifecourse models, Mouth Diseases, Child, comparative study
Abstract

Objective: To identify the lifecourse model that best describes the association between social class and adult oral health. Methods: Data from 10,217 participants of the 1958 National Child Development Study were used. Social class at ages 7, 16 and 33 years were chosen to represent socioeconomic conditions during childhood, adolescence and adulthood, respectively. Two subjective oral health indicators (lifetime and past-year prevalence of persistent trouble with gums or mouth) were measured at age 33. The critical period, accumulation and social trajectories models were tested in logistic regression models and the most appropriate lifecourse model was identified using the structured modelling approach. Results: The critical period model showed that only adulthood social class was significantly associated with oral health. For the accumulation model, a monotonic gradient was found between the number of periods in manual social class and oral health; and four out of eight social trajectories were found to be distinctive. Finally, the social trajectories model was not significantly different from the saturated model indicating that it provided a good fit to the data. Conclusion: This study shows the social trajectories model was the most appropriate, in terms of model fit, to describe the association between social class and oral health.

Published
2015

46. Sistemas de soporte a la toma de decisiones clínicas en insuficiencia renal

Author

Martínez Bernabé, E., Paluzie-Ávila, G., Terre Ohme, S., Ruiz Poza, D., Parada Aradilla, M. A., González Martínez, J., Albertí Valmaña, R., and Castellvi Gordo, M.

Subjects
Renal failure, Clinical decision-making support systemas, Sistemas de soporte a la toma de decisiones clínicas, Automated alert, Alerta automatizada, Insuficiencia renal
Abstract

Introducción: Los sistemas de soporte a la toma de decisiones clínicas utilizan características individuales del paciente para generar recomendaciones a los clínicos. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de una herramienta de ajuste de fármacos en insuficiencia renal como sistema de soporte en la toma de decisiones clínicas en cuanto al grado de aceptación de las intervenciones y el tiempo invertido por el farmacéutico. Método: Estudio cuasi-experimental del tipo antes y después realizado en dos hospitales comarcales. La intervención consistía en la incorporación de una alerta automatizada de función renal en la orden médica. Antes de la intervención (2007) se monitorizaron 40 fármacos. Se revisaron las analíticas de pacientes cuyo tratamiento contenía alguno de ellos. En caso de función renal alterada, se insertaba una recomendación de ajuste en la orden médica. Si el médico aceptaba, se consideraba éxito. El tiempo medio empleado fue 1 minuto/analítica consultada y 3 minutos/recomendación. En 2008 se incorporó un sistema de recomendación automática de ajuste según función renal de 100 fármacos con mensajes emergentes. En una fase posterior (2009) se evaluó y comparó el número de intervenciones y el porcentaje de éxito con la herramienta. Resultados: Fase previa: Se validaron 28.234 Ordenes Médicas Electrónicas, correspondientes a un promedio de 205 pacientes hospitalizados/día, y se revisaron 4.035 analíticas. Se realizaron 121 intervenciones farmacéuticas (0,43% del total de órdenes médicas). Se obtuvo éxito en el 33,06% de las intervenciones. El tiempo invertido por el farmacéutico en consultar analíticas y realizar recomendaciones fue 73,3 horas (67,25 horas correspondían a pacientes sin alteración de la función renal y en los que no se realizó ninguna intervención). Fase posterior: Se validaron 26.584 Ordenes Médicas Electrónicas, correspondientes a un promedio de 193 pacientes hospitalizados/día, y se realizaron 1.737 intervenciones automatizadas (6,53% del total de ordenes médicas), de las cuales se aceptaron 65,69% (éxito). Conclusiones: La implantación de sistemas de soporte a la toma de decisiones clínicas, permite ampliar los pacientes y fármacos monitorizados, optimizando el tiempo invertido por el farmacéutico. La aparición simultánea de la alerta durante la prescripción puede haber contribuido al mayor porcentaje de éxito observado. Introduction: Support systems in clinical decision-making use individual characteristics of the patient to generate recommendations to the clinician. Objective: To assess the impact of a tool for adjusting drug dosing in renal failure as a support system in clinical decision-making regarding the level of acceptance of the interventions as well as the time invested by the pharmacist. Method: Non-randomized, prospective and hospital interventional study comparing pre- and post-implementation phases of an automated renal function alert system, carried out at two county hospitals. Forty drugs were monitored before the intervention (2007). The blood work of the patients receiving any of these drugs was reviewed. In case of impaired renal function, an adjustment recommendation was inserted in the medical prescription. If the physician accepted it, it was rated as success. The average time was 1 minute per blood work reviewed and 3 minutes per recommendation. An automated adjustment recommendation system according to renal function with alert pop-ups was implemented in 2008 for 100 drugs. Later (2009), the number of interventions and the success rate for this tool were assessed and compared. Results: Pre-implementation phase: 28,234 electronic medical prescriptions corresponding to a mean number of 205 hospitalized patients/day were validated and 4,035 blood works were reviewed. One hundred and twenty-one pharmaceutical interventions (0.43% of the medical prescriptions) were inserted. A success rate of 33.06% of the interventions was obtained. The time invested by the pharmacist for consulting the blood works and making the recommendations was 73.3 hours (67.25 hours corresponding to patients without renal function impairment and in whom no intervention was made). Post-implementation phase: 26,584 electronic medical orders corresponding to 193 hospitalized patients/day were validated and 1,737 automated interventions were performed (6.53% of total medical orders), of which 65.69% were accepted (success). Conclusions: The implementation of clinical decision-making support systems allows extending the number of patients and drugs monitored, optimizing the time invested by the pharmacist. Simultaneous occurrence of an alert during prescription may have contributed to the greater success rate observed.

Published
2014

47. Sistemas de soporte a la toma de decisiones clínicas en insuficiencia renal

Author

Martínez Bernabé,E., Paluzie-Ávila,G., Terre Ohme,S., Ruiz Poza,D., Parada Aradilla,M. A., González Martínez,J., Albertí Valmaña,R., and Castellvi Gordo,M.

Subjects
Sistemas de soporte a la toma de decisiones clínicas, Alerta automatizada, Insuficiencia renal
Abstract

Introducción: Los sistemas de soporte a la toma de decisiones clínicas utilizan características individuales del paciente para generar recomendaciones a los clínicos. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de una herramienta de ajuste de fármacos en insuficiencia renal como sistema de soporte en la toma de decisiones clínicas en cuanto al grado de aceptación de las intervenciones y el tiempo invertido por el farmacéutico. Método: Estudio cuasi-experimental del tipo antes y después realizado en dos hospitales comarcales. La intervención consistía en la incorporación de una alerta automatizada de función renal en la orden médica. Antes de la intervención (2007) se monitorizaron 40 fármacos. Se revisaron las analíticas de pacientes cuyo tratamiento contenía alguno de ellos. En caso de función renal alterada, se insertaba una recomendación de ajuste en la orden médica. Si el médico aceptaba, se consideraba éxito. El tiempo medio empleado fue 1 minuto/analítica consultada y 3 minutos/recomendación. En 2008 se incorporó un sistema de recomendación automática de ajuste según función renal de 100 fármacos con mensajes emergentes. En una fase posterior (2009) se evaluó y comparó el número de intervenciones y el porcentaje de éxito con la herramienta. Resultados: Fase previa: Se validaron 28.234 Ordenes Médicas Electrónicas, correspondientes a un promedio de 205 pacientes hospitalizados/día, y se revisaron 4.035 analíticas. Se realizaron 121 intervenciones farmacéuticas (0,43% del total de órdenes médicas). Se obtuvo éxito en el 33,06% de las intervenciones. El tiempo invertido por el farmacéutico en consultar analíticas y realizar recomendaciones fue 73,3 horas (67,25 horas correspondían a pacientes sin alteración de la función renal y en los que no se realizó ninguna intervención). Fase posterior: Se validaron 26.584 Ordenes Médicas Electrónicas, correspondientes a un promedio de 193 pacientes hospitalizados/día, y se realizaron 1.737 intervenciones automatizadas (6,53% del total de ordenes médicas), de las cuales se aceptaron 65,69% (éxito). Conclusiones: La implantación de sistemas de soporte a la toma de decisiones clínicas, permite ampliar los pacientes y fármacos monitorizados, optimizando el tiempo invertido por el farmacéutico. La aparición simultánea de la alerta durante la prescripción puede haber contribuido al mayor porcentaje de éxito observado.

Published
2014

49. Changes in health in England, with analysis by English regions and areas of deprivation, 1990-2013 : A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

Author

Newton, J. N., Briggs, A. D. M., Murray, C. J. L., Dicker, D., Foreman, K. J., Wang, H., Naghavi, M., Forouzanfar, M. H., Ohno, S. L., Barber, R. M., Vos, T., Stanaway, J. D., Schmidt, J. C., Hughes, A. J., Fay, D. F. J., Ecob, R., Gresser, C., McKee, M., Rutter, H., Abubakar, I., Ali, R., Anderson, H. R., Banerjee, A., Bennett, D. A., Bernabé, E., Bhui, K. S., Biryukov, S. M., Bourne, R. R., Brayne, C. E. G., Bruce, N. G., Brugha, T. S., Burch, M., Capewell, S., Casey, D., Chowdhury, R., Coates, M. M., Cooper, C., Critchley, J. A., Dargan, P. I., Dherani, M. K., Elliott, P., Ezzati, M., Fenton, K. A., Fraser, M. S., Fürst, T., Greaves, F., Green, M. A., Gunnell, D. J., Hannigan, B. M., Hay, R. J., Hay, S. I., Hemingway, H., Larson, H. J., Looker, K. J., Lunevicius, R., Lyons, R. A., Marcenes, W., Mason-Jones, A. J., Matthews, F. E., Moller, H., Murdoch, M. E., Newton, C. R., Pearce, N., Piel, F. B., Pope, D., Rahimi, K., Rodriguez, Alina, Scarborough, P., Schumacher, A. E., Shiue, I., Smeeth, L., Tedstone, A., Valabhji, J., Williams, H. C., Wolfe, C. D. A., Woolf, A. D., Davis, A. C. J., Newton, J. N., Briggs, A. D. M., Murray, C. J. L., Dicker, D., Foreman, K. J., Wang, H., Naghavi, M., Forouzanfar, M. H., Ohno, S. L., Barber, R. M., Vos, T., Stanaway, J. D., Schmidt, J. C., Hughes, A. J., Fay, D. F. J., Ecob, R., Gresser, C., McKee, M., Rutter, H., Abubakar, I., Ali, R., Anderson, H. R., Banerjee, A., Bennett, D. A., Bernabé, E., Bhui, K. S., Biryukov, S. M., Bourne, R. R., Brayne, C. E. G., Bruce, N. G., Brugha, T. S., Burch, M., Capewell, S., Casey, D., Chowdhury, R., Coates, M. M., Cooper, C., Critchley, J. A., Dargan, P. I., Dherani, M. K., Elliott, P., Ezzati, M., Fenton, K. A., Fraser, M. S., Fürst, T., Greaves, F., Green, M. A., Gunnell, D. J., Hannigan, B. M., Hay, R. J., Hay, S. I., Hemingway, H., Larson, H. J., Looker, K. J., Lunevicius, R., Lyons, R. A., Marcenes, W., Mason-Jones, A. J., Matthews, F. E., Moller, H., Murdoch, M. E., Newton, C. R., Pearce, N., Piel, F. B., Pope, D., Rahimi, K., Rodriguez, Alina, Scarborough, P., Schumacher, A. E., Shiue, I., Smeeth, L., Tedstone, A., Valabhji, J., Williams, H. C., Wolfe, C. D. A., Woolf, A. D., and Davis, A. C. J.

Abstract

Background In the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013), knowledge about health and its determinants has been integrated into a comparable framework to inform health policy. Outputs of this analysis are relevant to current policy questions in England and elsewhere, particularly on health inequalities. We use GBD 2013 data on mortality and causes of death, and disease and injury incidence and prevalence to analyse the burden of disease and injury in England as a whole, in English regions, and within each English region by deprivation quintile. We also assess disease and injury burden in England attributable to potentially preventable risk factors. England and the English regions are compared with the remaining constituent countries of the UK and with comparable countries in the European Union (EU) and beyond. Methods We extracted data from the GBD 2013 to compare mortality, causes of death, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with a disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in England, the UK, and 18 other countries (the first 15 EU members [apart from the UK] and Australia, Canada, Norway, and the USA [EU15+]). We extended elements of the analysis to English regions, and subregional areas defined by deprivation quintile (deprivation areas). We used data split by the nine English regions (corresponding to the European boundaries of the Nomenclature for Territorial Statistics level 1 [NUTS 1] regions), and by quintile groups within each English region according to deprivation, thereby making 45 regional deprivation areas. Deprivation quintiles were defined by area of residence ranked at national level by Index of Multiple Deprivation score, 2010. Burden due to various risk factors is described for England using new GBD methodology to estimate independent and overlapping attributable risk for five tiers of behavioural, metabolic, and environmental risk factors. We present results for 306 causes and 2337 sequelae, and 79 risks or risk clu, Export Date: 21 December 2015 CODEN: LANCA Correspondence Address: Newton, J.N.; Public Health England, Wellington HouseUnited Kingdom; email: john.newton@phe.gov.uk References: Murray C.J.L., Richards M.A., Newton J.N., UK health performance: Findings of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 (2013) Lancet, 381, pp. 997-1020; Greer S.L., Devolution and divergence in UK health policies (2008) BMJ, 337, p. a2616; England N.H.S., (2014) Five Year Forward View, , http://www.england.nhs.uk/ourwork/futurenhs/, (accessed Aug 24, 2015); Naghavi M., Wang H., Lozano R., Global, regional and national levels of age-specific mortality and 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (2015) Lancet, 385, pp. 117-171; Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disabilities for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries for 188 countries, 1990-2013: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (2015) Lancet, 386, pp. 743-800; Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 76 behavioural, environmental, occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries 1990-2013: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study 2013 (2015) Lancet, , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00128-2, published online Sept 11; Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 306 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 188 countries, 1990-2013: Quantifying the epidemiological transition (2015) Lancet, , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)61340-X, published online Aug 27; Vos T., Flaxman A.D., Naghavi M., Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 (2012) Lancet, 380, pp. 2163-2196; Murray C.J.L., Ezzati M., Flaxman A.D., GBD 2010: Design, definitions, and metrics (2012) Lancet, 380, p

Published
2015
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50. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 306 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 188 countries, 1990-2013: Quantifying the epidemiological transition

Author

Murray, CJL, Barber, RM, Foreman, KJ, Ozgoren, AA, Abd-Allah, F, Abera, SF, Aboyans, V, Abraham, JP, Abubakar, I, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NM, Achoki, T, Ackerman, IN, Ademi, Z, Adou, AK, Adsuar, JC, Afshin, A, Agardh, EE, Alam, SS, Alasfoor, D, Albittar, MI, Alegretti, MA, Alemu, ZA, Alfonso-Cristancho, R, Alhabib, S, Ali, R, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Almazroa, MA, Alsharif, U, Alvarez, E, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Ameh, EA, Amini, H, Ammar, W, Anderson, HR, Anderson, BO, Antonio, CAT, Anwari, P, Arnlöv, J, Arsenijevic, VSA, Artaman, A, Asghar, RJ, Assadi, R, Atkins, LS, Avila, MA, Awuah, B, Bachman, VF, Badawi, A, Bahit, MC, Balakrishnan, K, Banerjee, A, Barker-Collo, SL, Barquera, S, Barregard, L, Barrero, LH, Basu, A, Basu, S, Basulaiman, MO, Beardsley, J, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Bekele, T, Bell, ML, Benjet, C, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Benzian, H, Bernabé, E, Bertozzi-Villa, A, Beyene, TJ, Bhala, N, Bhalla, A, Bhutta, ZA, Bienhoff, K, Bikbov, B, Biryukov, S, Blore, JD, Blosser, CD, Blyth, FM, Bohensky, MA, Bolliger, IW, Başara, BB, Bornstein, NM, Bose, D, Boufous, S, Bourne, RRA, Boyers, LN, Brainin, M, Brayne, CE, Brazinova, A, Breitborde, NJK, Brenner, H, Briggs, AD, Brooks, PM, Brown, JC, Brugha, TS, Buchbinder, R, Buckle, GC, Murray, CJL, Barber, RM, Foreman, KJ, Ozgoren, AA, Abd-Allah, F, Abera, SF, Aboyans, V, Abraham, JP, Abubakar, I, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NM, Achoki, T, Ackerman, IN, Ademi, Z, Adou, AK, Adsuar, JC, Afshin, A, Agardh, EE, Alam, SS, Alasfoor, D, Albittar, MI, Alegretti, MA, Alemu, ZA, Alfonso-Cristancho, R, Alhabib, S, Ali, R, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Almazroa, MA, Alsharif, U, Alvarez, E, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Ameh, EA, Amini, H, Ammar, W, Anderson, HR, Anderson, BO, Antonio, CAT, Anwari, P, Arnlöv, J, Arsenijevic, VSA, Artaman, A, Asghar, RJ, Assadi, R, Atkins, LS, Avila, MA, Awuah, B, Bachman, VF, Badawi, A, Bahit, MC, Balakrishnan, K, Banerjee, A, Barker-Collo, SL, Barquera, S, Barregard, L, Barrero, LH, Basu, A, Basu, S, Basulaiman, MO, Beardsley, J, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Bekele, T, Bell, ML, Benjet, C, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Benzian, H, Bernabé, E, Bertozzi-Villa, A, Beyene, TJ, Bhala, N, Bhalla, A, Bhutta, ZA, Bienhoff, K, Bikbov, B, Biryukov, S, Blore, JD, Blosser, CD, Blyth, FM, Bohensky, MA, Bolliger, IW, Başara, BB, Bornstein, NM, Bose, D, Boufous, S, Bourne, RRA, Boyers, LN, Brainin, M, Brayne, CE, Brazinova, A, Breitborde, NJK, Brenner, H, Briggs, AD, Brooks, PM, Brown, JC, Brugha, TS, Buchbinder, R, and Buckle, GC

Abstract

Background The Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013) aims to bring together all available epidemiological data using a coherent measurement framework, standardised estimation methods, and transparent data sources to enable comparisons of health loss over time and across causes, age-sex groups, and countries. The GBD can be used to generate summary measures such as disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and healthy life expectancy (HALE) that make possible comparative assessments of broad epidemiological patterns across countries and time. These summary measures can also be used to quantify the component of variation in epidemiology that is related to sociodemographic development. Methods We used the published GBD 2013 data for age-specific mortality, years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLLs), and years lived with disability (YLDs) to calculate DALYs and HALE for 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2013 for 188 countries. We calculated HALE using the Sullivan method; 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) represent uncertainty in age-specific death rates and YLDs per person for each country, age, sex, and year. We estimated DALYs for 306 causes for each country as the sum of YLLs and YLDs; 95% UIs represent uncertainty in YLL and YLD rates. We quantified patterns of the epidemiological transition with a composite indicator of sociodemographic status, which we constructed from income per person, average years of schooling after age 15 years, and the total fertility rate and mean age of the population. We applied hierarchical regression to DALY rates by cause across countries to decompose variance related to the sociodemographic status variable, country, and time. Findings Worldwide, from 1990 to 2013, life expectancy at birth rose by 6·2 years (95% UI 5·6-6·6), from 65·3 years (65·0-65·6) in 1990 to 71·5 years (71·0-71·9) in 2013, HALE at birth rose by 5·4 years (4·9-5·8), from 56·9 years (54·5-59·1) to 62·3 years (59·7-64·8), total DALYs fell by 3·6% (0·3

Published
2015

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