357 results on '"Bermudez S"'
Search Results
2. Analysis of the mechanical performance of the 4.2 m long MQXFA magnets for the Hi-Lumi LHC Upgrade
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Fajardo, L. Garcia, Ambrosio, G., Yahia, A. Ben, Cheng, D. W., Ferracin, P., Troitino, J. Ferradas, Bermudez, S. Izquierdo, Muratore, J., Prestemon, S., Ray, K. L., Solis, M., and Vallone, G.
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Physics - Accelerator Physics - Abstract
Under the U.S. High Luminosity LHC Accelerator Upgrade Project (HL-LHC AUP), the 150 mm bore, high-field Nb3Sn low-\b{eta} MQXFA quadrupole magnets are being fabricated, assembled and tested, in the context of the CERN Hi-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) upgrade. These magnets have 4.2 m magnetic length and 4.56 m long iron yoke. To date, eight MQXFA magnets have been tested. One of the magnets additionally underwent a successful endurance test with 40 triggered quenches, and two magnets did not perform as expected. This work summarizes for the first time the available strain gauge data from eight identical Nb3Sn MQXFA tested magnets, focusing on the endurance test, and on a possible cause of underperformance of the two magnets that did not pass the vertical test. We applied methods to prevent this from happening in future MQXFA magnets, which shown to be effective for last two tested magnets.
- Published
- 2023
3. Optimizing the use of pressurized bladders for the assembly of HL-LHC MQXFB magnets
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Troitino, J. Ferradas, Ambrosio, G., Bourcey, N., Cheng, D., Devred, A., Felice, H., Ferracin, P., Guinchard, M., Bermudez, S. Izquierdo, Kandemir, K., Lusa, N., Milanese, A., Mugnier, S., Perez, J. C., Todesco, E., Triquet, S., and Vallone, G.
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Physics - Accelerator Physics - Abstract
The use of pressurized bladders for stress control of superconducting magnets was firstly proposed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) in the early 2000s. Since then, the so-called bladders and keys procedure has become one of the reference techniques for the assembly of high-field accelerator magnets and demonstrators. Exploiting the advantages of this method is today of critical importance for Nb3Sn-based accelerator magnets, whose production requires the preservation of tight stress targets in the superconducting coils to limit the effects of the strain sensitivity and brittleness of the conductor. The present manuscript reports on the results of an experimental campaign focused on the optimization of the bladders and keys assembly process in the MQXFB quadrupoles. These 7.2 m long magnets shall be among the first Nb3Sn cryomagnets to be installed in a particle accelerator as a part of the High Luminosity upgrade of the LHC. One of the main practical implications of the bladders technique, especially important when applied to long magnets like MQXFB, is that to insert the loading keys, the opening of a certain clearance in the support structure is required. The procedure used so far for MQXF magnets involved an overstress in the coils during bladder inflation. The work presented here shows that such an overshoot can be eliminated thanks to additional bladders properly positioned in the structure. This optimized method was validated in a short model magnet and in a full-length mechanical model, becoming the new baseline for the series production at CERN. Furthermore, the results are supported by numerical predictions using Finite Element models.
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Challenges and Lessons Learned from fabrication, testing and analysis of eight MQXFA Low Beta Quadrupole magnets for HL-LHC
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Ambrosio, G., Amm, K., Anerella, M., Apollinari, G., Izquierdo, G. Arnau, Baldini, M., Ballarino, A., Barth, C., Yahia, A. Ben, Blowers, J., De Sousa, P. Borges, Bossert, R., Bulat, B., Carcagno, R., Cheng, D. W., Chlachidze, G., Cooley, L., Crouvizier, M., Devred, A., DiMarco, J., Feher, S., Ferracin, P., Troitino, J. Ferradas, Fajardo, L. Garcia, Gourlay, S., Hocker, H. M., Bermudez, S. Izquierdo, Joshi, P., Krave, S., Lee, E. M., Levitan, J., Lombardo, V., Lu, J., Marchevsky, M., Marinozzi, V., Moros, A., Muratore, J., Naus, M., Nobrega, F., Page, T., Pong, I., Perez, J. C., Prestemon, S., Ravaioli, E., Ray, K. L., Sabbi, G., Schmalzle, J., Seyl, J., Sgobba, S., Stoynev, S., Strauss, T., Todesco, E., Turrioni, D., Vallone, G., Van Weelderen, R., Wanderer, P., Wang, X., and Yu, M.
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Physics - Accelerator Physics - Abstract
By the end of October 2022, the US HL-LHC Accelerator Upgrade Project (AUP) had completed fabrication of ten MQXFA magnets and tested eight of them. The MQXFA magnets are the low beta quadrupole magnets to be used in the Q1 and Q3 Inner Triplet elements of the High Luminosity LHC. This AUP effort is shared by BNL, Fermilab, and LBNL, with strand verification tests at NHMFL. An important step of the AUP QA plan is the testing of MQXFA magnets in a vertical cryostat at BNL. The acceptance criteria that could be tested at BNL were all met by the first four production magnets (MQXFA03-MQXFA06). Subsequently, two magnets (MQXFA07 and MQXFA08) did not meet some criteria and were disassembled. Lessons learned during the disassembly of MQXFA07 caused a revision to the assembly specifications that were used for MQXFA10 and subsequent magnets. In this paper, we present a summary of: 1) the fabrication and test data of all the MQXFA magnets; 2) the analysis of MQXFA07/A08 test results with characterization of the limiting mechanism; 3) the outcome of the investigation, including the lessons learned during MQXFA07 disassembly; and 4) the finite element analysis correlating observations with test performance.
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Snowmass'21 Accelerator Frontier Report
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Gourlay, S., Raubenheimer, T., Shiltsev, V., Arduini, G., Assmann, R., Barbier, C., Bai, M., Belomestnykh, S., Bermudez, S., Bhat, P., Faus-Golfe, A., Galambos, J., Geddes, C., Hoffstaetter, G., Hogan, M., Huang, Z., Lamont, M., Li, D., Lund, S., Milner, R., Musumeci, P., Nanni, E., Palmer, M., Pastrone, N., Pellemoine, F., Prebys, E., Qin, Q., Power, J., Roser, T., Sabbi, G., Stratakis, D., Sun, Y. -E., Tang, J., Valishev, A., Weise, H., Zimmermann, F., Zlobin, A. V., and Zwaska, R.
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Physics - Accelerator Physics ,High Energy Physics - Experiment - Abstract
In 2020-2022, extensive discussions and deliberations have taken place in corresponding topical working groups of the Snowmass Accelerator Frontier (AF) and in numerous joint meetings with other Frontiers, Snowmass-wide meetings, a series of Colloquium-style Agoras, cross-Frontier Forums on muon and electron-positron colliders and the collider Implementation Task Force (ITF). The outcomes of these activities are summarized in this Accelerator Frontier report., Comment: contribution to Snowmass'21, v.2 (final)
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- 2022
6. Accelerator Technology Magnets
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Bermudez, S. Izquierdo, Sabbi, G., and Zlobin, A. V.
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Physics - Accelerator Physics - Abstract
The Snowmass community exercise started in April 2020 to identify and document a scientific vision for the future of particle physics in the US and international partners. The AF7-Magnets working group was charged to a) address the potential contributions of magnet technology to future HEP facilities, b) evaluate the R\&D required to enable these opportunities, c) estimate the time and cost scales of these efforts, and d) assess the needs for associated fabrication infrastructure and test facilities. This report addresses the working group charge, summarizes the status of accelerator and detector magnet technologies, and discuss ideas and plans to push this key area of the US and international HEP to new horizons.
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- 2022
7. Assembly and Pre-Loading Specifications for the Series Production of the Nb3Sn MQXFA Quadrupole Magnets for the HL-LHC
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Ferracin, P, Ambrosio, G, Cheng, DW, Troitino, J Ferradas, Fajardo, L Garcia, Bermudez, S Izquierdo, Prestemon, S, Ray, KL, Solis, MJ, Todesco, E, and Vallone, G
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Civil Engineering ,Engineering ,Superconducting magnets ,Magnetomechanical effects ,Large Hadron Collider ,Stress ,Strain measurement ,Strain ,Bladder ,High luminosity LHC ,interaction regions ,low-beta quadrupoles ,Nb3Sn magnets ,ATAP-2022 ,ATAP-GENERAL ,ATAP-SMP ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Materials Engineering ,General Physics ,Electrical engineering ,Condensed matter physics - Abstract
The High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) Project is planning to install 16 cold-masses made with Nb3Sn quadrupole magnets in the LHC Interaction Regions to significantly increase its luminosity. Half of these cold masses are fabricated at BNL, FNAL, and LBNL under the US Accelerator Research Program (AUP). Each cold mass includes two identical Nb3Sn quadrupole magnets, called MQXFA with a magnetic length of 4.2 m. Currently, the AUP project has completed the fabrication and test of the first 5 pre-series magnets, and is working on the following 16 magnets for the series production. The brittleness and strain sensitivity of the Nb3Sn superconducting material requires a careful definition of the allowable maximum stress in the windings during magnet assembly and pre-load, and a tight control of their variation within the whole coil length. Therefore, a series of assembly and pre-load specifications have been defined with the goals of minimizing the risk of conductor degradation and providing the mechanical support required to reach the nominal current during powering. In this paper we present the specifications defined for the MQXFA magnets and applied during the different assembly phases and during the pre-load process of the first 5 pre-series magnets.
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- 2022
8. Field Quality of the 4.5-m-Long MQXFA Pre-Series Magnets for the HL-LHC Upgrade as Observed During Magnet Assembly
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Wang, X, Ambrosio, G, Yahia, A Ben, Cheng, DW, DiMarco, J, Ferracin, P, Ghiorso, W, Bermudez, S Izquierdo, Myers, C, Pan, H, Prestemon, SO, Ray, KL, Sabbi, GL, and Solis, M
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Nuclear and Plasma Physics ,Physical Sciences ,Bioengineering ,High-luminosity LHC ,Nb3Sn ,quadrupole magnet ,ATAP-2022 ,ATAP-GENERAL ,ATAP-SMP ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Materials Engineering ,General Physics ,Electrical engineering ,Condensed matter physics - Abstract
The U.S. High-Luminosity LHC Accelerator Upgrade Project (HL-LHC AUP) is developing MQXFA magnets, a series of 4.5 m long 150 mm aperture high-field Nb$_{3}$Sn quadrupole magnets for the HL-LHC upgrade at CERN. Five pre-series magnets, MQXFA03 through MQXFA07, have been developed. During the magnet assembly stage, we perform magnetic measurements on the coil-pack sub-assembly and magnets after loading to track the field quality for two purposes. First, it serves as a quality assurance tool to check if the magnet field quality is on track to meet the acceptance criteria. Magnetic measurements are used to understand if magnetic shims are needed to compensate low-order field errors and to meet the field quality targets. Second, the measurements during the assembly stage can also help understand the field quality, especially the geometric field errors, for Nb$_{3}$Sn accelerator magnets. Here we summarize the measurement results of the pre-series MQXFA magnets, including the magnetic axis and twist angle. The results will provide useful feedback for the series production of Nb$_{3}$Sn magnets and on the optimization of field quality of accelerator magnets based on the wind-and-react Nb$_{3}$Sn technology.
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- 2022
9. Mechanical analysis of the Nb 3 Sn 11 T dipole short models for the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider
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Izquierdo Bermudez, S, Nilsson, E, Bottura, L, Bourcey, N, Devred, A, Ferracin, P, Ferradas Troitino, S, Fiscarelli, L, Guinchard, M, Löffler, C, Mazet, J, Perez, JC, Prin, H, Savary, F, Sequeira Tavares, S, Vallone, G, and Willering, G
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high luminosity LHC ,high field Nb3Sn magnet ,11T dipole ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Materials Engineering ,General Physics - Abstract
For the Large Hadron Collider luminosity upgrade, two of the NbTi 8.3 T main bending dipoles will be replaced by two shorter Nb3Sn 11.2 T dipoles to create space for the installation of collimators in the dispersion suppression region. With the aim to verify the design features, several 2 m long 11 T models have been constructed and tested at CERN. During the fabrication and assembly of, so far, seven single and two double aperture short model magnets, several challenges were identified and tackled. These include reproducibility in coil fabrication and assembly procedure, as well as control of mechanical stresses in the conductor and surrounding structure. In order to limit coil over-compression and improve reproducibility, the cable insulation was re-optimized. In addition, a review of the collaring procedure of the 11 T magnet was launched with the goal of reducing the risk of conductor degradation due to excessive stress. In this paper, the main fabrication and assembly steps are described, including the description of the actions taken to resolve the identified weakness.
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- 2019
10. Magnetic analysis of the MQXF quadrupole for the high-luminosity LHC
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Izquierdo Bermudez, S, Fiscarelli, L, Ambrosio, G, Bajas, H, Chlachidze, G, Ferracin, P, Dimarco, J, Stoynev, SE, Todesco, E, Sabbi, G, and Vallone, G
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High luminosity LHC ,field quality ,magnetic measurements ,high field Nb3Sn magnet ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Materials Engineering ,General Physics - Abstract
The high-luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) requires new high-field and large-aperture quadrupole magnets for the low-beta inner triplets (MQXF). The U.S. HiLumi-LHC Accelerator Upgrade and CERN are jointly developing a 150-mm aperture Nb3Sn magnet. Due to the large beam size and orbit displacement in the final focusing triplet, MQXF has challenging field quality targets at collision energy. Magnetic measurements have been performed both at ambient and cryogenic temperatures in the four short models that were built and tested. This paper presents the magnetic analysis, comparing field measurements with the expectations and the field quality requirements. The analysis is focused on the geometrical harmonics and iron saturation effect, including three-dimensional effects and transfer function repeatability. Persistent currents and dynamic effects are also discussed.
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- 2019
11. Mechanical analysis of the Nb3Sn 11 T dipole short models for the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider
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Izquierdo Bermudez, S, Nilsson, E, Bottura, L, Bourcey, N, Devred, A, Ferracin, P, Ferradas Troitino, S, Fiscarelli, L, Guinchard, M, Löffler, C, Mazet, J, Perez, JC, Prin, H, Savary, F, Sequeira Tavares, S, Vallone, G, and Willering, G
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high luminosity LHC ,high field Nb3Sn magnet ,11T dipole ,General Physics ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Materials Engineering ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering - Abstract
For the Large Hadron Collider luminosity upgrade, two of the NbTi 8.3 T main bending dipoles will be replaced by two shorter Nb3Sn 11.2 T dipoles to create space for the installation of collimators in the dispersion suppression region. With the aim to verify the design features, several 2 m long 11 T models have been constructed and tested at CERN. During the fabrication and assembly of, so far, seven single and two double aperture short model magnets, several challenges were identified and tackled. These include reproducibility in coil fabrication and assembly procedure, as well as control of mechanical stresses in the conductor and surrounding structure. In order to limit coil over-compression and improve reproducibility, the cable insulation was re-optimized. In addition, a review of the collaring procedure of the 11 T magnet was launched with the goal of reducing the risk of conductor degradation due to excessive stress. In this paper, the main fabrication and assembly steps are described, including the description of the actions taken to resolve the identified weakness.
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- 2019
12. 11 T Dipole for the Dispersion Suppressor Collimators
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Karppinen, M., Bermudez, S. Izquierdo, Nobrega, A., Prin, H., Ramos, D., Redaelli, S., Savary, F., Smekens, D., and Zlobin, A.
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Physics - Accelerator Physics - Abstract
Chapter 11 in High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) : Preliminary Design Report. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is one of the largest scientific instruments ever built. Since opening up a new energy frontier for exploration in 2010, it has gathered a global user community of about 7,000 scientists working in fundamental particle physics and the physics of hadronic matter at extreme temperature and density. To sustain and extend its discovery potential, the LHC will need a major upgrade in the 2020s. This will increase its luminosity (rate of collisions) by a factor of five beyond the original design value and the integrated luminosity (total collisions created) by a factor ten. The LHC is already a highly complex and exquisitely optimised machine so this upgrade must be carefully conceived and will require about ten years to implement. The new configuration, known as High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), will rely on a number of key innovations that push accelerator technology beyond its present limits. Among these are cutting-edge 11-12 tesla superconducting magnets, compact superconducting cavities for beam rotation with ultra-precise phase control, new technology and physical processes for beam collimation and 300 metre-long high-power superconducting links with negligible energy dissipation. The present document describes the technologies and components that will be used to realise the project and is intended to serve as the basis for the detailed engineering design of HL-LHC., Comment: 8 pages, chapter 11 in High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) : Preliminary Design Report
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- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Insertion Magnets
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Ambrosio, G., Anerella, M., Bossert, R., Cheng, D., Chlachidze, G., Dietderich, D., Ramos, D Duarte, Fabbricatore, P., Farinon, S., Felice, H., Ferracin, P., Fessia, P., Matos, J. Garcia, Ghosh, A., Hagen, P., Bermudez, S. Izquierdo, Juchno, M., Krave, S., Marchevsky, M., Nakamoto, T., Ogitsu, T., Perez, J. C., Prin, H., Rifflet, J. M., Sabbi, G. L., Sasaki, K., Schmalzle, J., Segreti, M., Sugano, M., Todesco, E., Toral, F., Volpini, G., Wanderer, P., Wang, X., Weelderen, R. V., Xu, Q., and Yu, M.
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Physics - Accelerator Physics - Abstract
Chapter 3 in High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) : Preliminary Design Report. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is one of the largest scientific instruments ever built. Since opening up a new energy frontier for exploration in 2010, it has gathered a global user community of about 7,000 scientists working in fundamental particle physics and the physics of hadronic matter at extreme temperature and density. To sustain and extend its discovery potential, the LHC will need a major upgrade in the 2020s. This will increase its luminosity (rate of collisions) by a factor of five beyond the original design value and the integrated luminosity (total collisions created) by a factor ten. The LHC is already a highly complex and exquisitely optimised machine so this upgrade must be carefully conceived and will require about ten years to implement. The new configuration, known as High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), will rely on a number of key innovations that push accelerator technology beyond its present limits. Among these are cutting-edge 11-12 tesla superconducting magnets, compact superconducting cavities for beam rotation with ultra-precise phase control, new technology and physical processes for beam collimation and 300 metre-long high-power superconducting links with negligible energy dissipation. The present document describes the technologies and components that will be used to realise the project and is intended to serve as the basis for the detailed engineering design of HL-LHC., Comment: 19 pages, Chapter 3 in High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) : Preliminary Design Report
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- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Overview of the Quench Heater Performance for MQXF, the Nb3Sn Low-β Quadrupole for the High Luminosity LHC
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Izquierdo Bermudez, S, Ambrosio, G, Bajas, H, Bourcey, N, Chlachidze, G, Troitino, JF, Ferracin, P, Perez, JC, Pincot, FO, Ravaioli, E, Santini, C, Stoynev, S, Todesco, E, Sabbi, G, and Vallone, G
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High luminosity LHC ,quench protection ,high field Nb3Sn magnet ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Materials Engineering ,General Physics - Abstract
In the framework of the high-luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider, the U.S. LARP collaboration and CERN are jointly developing a 150 mm aperture Nb3Sn quadrupole for the LHC interaction regions. Due to the large stored energy density and the low copper stabilizer section, the quench protection of these magnets is particularly challenging, relying on a combination of quench heaters attached to the coil surface and coupling loss induced quench (CLIQ) units electrically connected to the coils. This paper summarizes the performance of the quench heater strips in different configurations relevant to machine operation. The analysis is focused on the inner layer quench heaters, where several heater strips failed during powering tests. Failure modes are discussed in order to address the technology issues and provide guidance for future tests.
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- 2018
15. Progress on HL-LHC Nb3Sn Magnets
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Todesco, E, Annarella, M, Ambrosio, G, Apollinari, G, Ballarino, A, Bajas, H, Bajko, M, Bordini, B, Bossert, R, Bottura, L, Cavanna, E, Cheng, D, Chlachidze, G, De Rijk, G, Dimarco, J, Ferracin, P, Fleiter, J, Guinchard, M, Hafalia, A, Holik, E, Izquierdo Bermudez, S, Lackner, F, Marchevsky, M, Loeffler, C, Nobrega, A, Perez, JC, Prestemon, S, Ravaioli, E, Rossi, L, Sabbi, G, Salmi, T, Savary, F, Schmalzle, J, Stoynev, S, Strauss, T, Tartaglia, M, Vallone, G, Velev, G, Wanderer, P, Wang, X, Willering, G, and Yu, M
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Superconducting magnets ,niobium-tin ,type II superconductors ,superconducting coils ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Materials Engineering ,General Physics - Abstract
The high-luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) project aims at allowing to increase the collisions in the LHC by a factor of ten in the decade 2025-2035. One essential element is the superconducting magnet around the interaction region points, where the large aperture magnets will be installed to allow to further reduce the beam size in the interaction point. The core of this upgrade is the Nb3Sn triplet, made up of 150-mm aperture quadrupoles in the range of 7-8 m. The project is being shared between the European Organization for Nuclear Research and the US Accelerator Upgrade Program, based on the same design, and on the two strand technologies. The project is ending the short model phase, and entering the prototype construction. We will report on the main results of the short model program, including the quench performance and field quality. A second important element is the 11 T dipole that replaces a standard dipole making space for additional collimators. The magnet is also ending the model development and entering the prototype phase. A critical point in the design of this magnet is the large current density, allowing increase of the field from 8 to 11 T with the same coil cross section as in the LHC dipoles. This is also the first two-in-one Nb3Sn magnet developed so far. We will report the main results on the test and the critical aspects.
- Published
- 2018
16. Test result of the short models MQXFS3 and MQXFS5 for the HL-LHC Upgrade
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Bajas, H, Ambrosio, G, Ballarino, A, Bajko, M, Bordini, B, Bourcey, N, Cheng, DW, Cabon, M, Chiuchiolo, A, Chlachidze, G, Felice, H, Fiscarelli, L, Juchno, M, Izquierdo Bermudez, S, Guinchard, M, Kopal, J, Lackner, F, Marchevsky, M, Nobrega, F, Pan, H, Perez, JC, Prin, H, Ravaioli, E, Rossi, L, Sabbi, G, Sequeira Tavares, S, Steckert, J, Stoynev, S, Todesco, E, Vallone, G, Wanderer, P, Wang, X, and Yu, M
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High luminosity LHC ,interaction regions ,low-beta quadrupoles ,high field Nb3Sn magnets ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Materials Engineering ,General Physics - Abstract
In the framework of the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider, the installation of a new generation of quadrupole magnets is foreseen on each side of ATLAS and CMS experiments. The new magnets are based on Nb3Sn technology and shall be able to reach an ultimate current of 17.9 kA with a peak field of 12.3 T in the coil. In 2016 and 2017, the first two short models, called MQXFS3 and MQXFS5, have been tested at 4.2 and 1.9 K in the two new test benches at the European Organization for Nuclear Research. This paper presents the result of the quench performance of the two models; the first magnet reached nominal but failed to reach ultimate, showing detraining in one coil. MQXFS5 reached ultimate performance without any detraining phenomena, validating the PIT conductor used for the first time in this magnet program.
- Published
- 2018
17. Mechanical Analysis of the Short Model Magnets for the Nb $_{3}$Sn Low-$\beta$ Quadrupole MQXF
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Vallone, G, Ambrosio, G, Bajas, H, Bourcey, N, Cheng, DW, Chlachidze, G, Ferracin, P, Grosclaude, P, Guinchard, M, Bermudez, S Izquierdo, Juchno, M, Pan, H, Perez, JC, Prestemon, S, and Strauss, T
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Engineering ,Materials Engineering ,High Luminosity large hadron collider ,low-beta quadrupole ,Nb3Sn magnet ,mechanical performance ,short model ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,General Physics ,Electrical engineering ,Condensed matter physics - Abstract
During the development of MQXF, the new Nb3Sn quadrupole to be used in the large hadron collider (LHC) inner triplets for the High Luminosity upgrade, three short models were tested: MQXFS1, MQXFS3, and MQXFS5. These models differ in the use of thin or thick laminations for the iron components, in the coil design, and in the superconductive strands, rod restack process (RRP) or powder in tube (PIT). In the MQXF design, the azimuthal prestress is provided at room temperature by means of the bladder-key technology, and it is further increased during the cooldown by the differential thermal contraction of the various components. Four aluminum rods provide the longitudinal prestress. Both systems allow for a flexible control of the amount of prestress applied. As a consequence, it was possible to test the models exploring different azimuthal and longitudinal prestress conditions, in an attempt to understand their impact on the magnet performances. This paper studies the mechanical behavior of these short models, also providing the strain and stresses measured by means of strain gauges installed on the aluminum shell, on the winding poles and on the rods. Finally, the paper compares the measures with the results from finite element (FE) models.
- Published
- 2018
18. Quench Protection Performance Measurements in the First MQXF Magnet Models
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Ravaioli, E, Rodriguez-Mateos, F, Sabbi, GL, Stoynev, S, Todesco, E, Verweij, A, Ambrosio, G, Bajas, H, Chlachidze, G, Navarro, A Fernandez, Ferracin, P, Bermudez, S Izquierdo, Joshi, P, and Muratore, J
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Nuclear and Plasma Physics ,Physical Sciences ,Accelerator magnet ,circuit modeling ,CLIQ ,quench protection ,superconducting coil ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Materials Engineering ,General Physics ,Electrical engineering ,Condensed matter physics - Abstract
The European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) and U.S. LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) are jointly developing Nb-3Sn quadrupole magnets to be installed in the LHC for its upgrade to higher luminosity. These magnets' quench protection system will include a combination of quench heaters attached to the coil surfaces and coupling-loss-induced quench (CLIQ) units electrically connected to the magnets. Different protection elements have been characterized separately and simultaneously by implementing them on two 1.2-m-long model quadrupole magnets, tested at Fermi National Acceleration Laboratory and CERN, and one 4-m-long mirror magnet tested at Brookhaven Nation Laboratory. After analyzing the test data, their performances have been positively evaluated. Furthermore, the electrothermal transients occurring after a quench have been simulated with the LEDET software and the results are compared to experimental results. The preferred quench protection system configuration relies both on heaters and CLIQ. This solution is based on electrically robust components, achieves an effective reduction of the coils hot spot temperature after a quench, and offers increased redundancy against component failures.
- Published
- 2018
19. Fabrication of First 4-m Coils for the LARP MQXFA Quadrupole and Assembly in Mirror Structure
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Holik, EF, Ambrosio, G, Anerella, M, Bossert, R, Cavanna, E, Cheng, D, Dietderich, DR, Ferracin, P, Ghosh, AK, Izquierdo Bermudez, S, Krave, S, Nobrega, A, Perez, JC, Pong, I, Sabbi, GL, Santini, C, Schmalzle, J, Wanderer, P, Wang, X, and Yu, M
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High luminosity LHC ,Long Nb3Sn coil ,mirror magnet ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Materials Engineering ,General Physics - Abstract
The US LHC Accelerator Research Program is constructing prototype interaction region quadrupoles as part of the US in-kind contribution to the Hi-Lumi LHC project. The low-beta MQXFA Q1/Q3 coils have a 4-m length and a 150 mm bore. The design was previously validated on short, one meter models (MQXFS) developed as part of the longstanding Nb3Sn quadrupole R&D by LARP in collaboration with CERN. In parallel, facilities and tooling are being developed and refined at BNL, LBNL, and FNAL to enable long coil production, assembly, and cold testing. Long length scale-up is based on the experience from the LARP 90-mm aperture (TQ-LQ) and 120-mm aperture (HQ and Long HQ) programs. A 4-m long MQXF practice coil was fabricated to verify procedures, parts, and tooling. In parallel, the first complete prototype coil (QXFP01a) was fabricated and assembled in a long magnetic mirror, MQXFPM1, to provide early feedback on coil design and fabrication following the successful experience of previous LARP mirror tests.
- Published
- 2017
20. Insertion Magnets
- Author
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Ambrosio, G, Anerella, M, Bossert, R, Cheng, D, Chlachidze, G, Dietderich, D, Ramos, D Duarte, Fabbricatore, P, Farinon, S, Felice, H, Ferracin, P, Fessia, P, Matos, J Garcia, Ghosh, A, Hagen, P, Bermudez, S Izquierdo, Juchno, M, Krave, S, Marchevsky, M, Nakamoto, T, Ogitsu, T, Perez, JC, Prin, H, Rifflet, JM, Sabbi, GL, Sasaki, K, Schmalzle, J, Segreti, M, Sugano, M, Todesco, E, Toral, F, Volpini, G, Wanderer, P, Wang, X, Weelderen, RV, Xu, Q, and Yu, M
- Subjects
physics.acc-ph - Abstract
Chapter 3 in High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) : PreliminaryDesign Report. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is one of the largest scientificinstruments ever built. Since opening up a new energy frontier for explorationin 2010, it has gathered a global user community of about 7,000 scientistsworking in fundamental particle physics and the physics of hadronic matter atextreme temperature and density. To sustain and extend its discovery potential,the LHC will need a major upgrade in the 2020s. This will increase itsluminosity (rate of collisions) by a factor of five beyond the original designvalue and the integrated luminosity (total collisions created) by a factor ten.The LHC is already a highly complex and exquisitely optimised machine so thisupgrade must be carefully conceived and will require about ten years toimplement. The new configuration, known as High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), willrely on a number of key innovations that push accelerator technology beyond itspresent limits. Among these are cutting-edge 11-12 tesla superconductingmagnets, compact superconducting cavities for beam rotation with ultra-precisephase control, new technology and physical processes for beam collimation and300 metre-long high-power superconducting links with negligible energydissipation. The present document describes the technologies and componentsthat will be used to realise the project and is intended to serve as the basisfor the detailed engineering design of HL-LHC.
- Published
- 2017
21. On the mechanical behavior of a Nb3Sn superconducting coil during a quench: Two-dimensional finite element analysis of a quench heater protected magnet
- Author
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Troitino, J. Ferradas, Ambrosio, G., Bajas, H., Brouwer, L., Ferracin, P., Bermudez, S. Izquierdo, Gomez, J.V. Lorenzo, Mangiarotti, F.J., Perez, J.C., Ravaioli, E., Taakala, E. Tapani, Vallone, G., and Senatore, C.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Fabrication and Analysis of 150-mm-Aperture Nb3Sn MQXF Coils
- Author
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Holik, EF, Ambrosio, G, Anerella, M, Bossert, R, Cavanna, E, Cheng, D, Dietderich, DR, Ferracin, P, Ghosh, AK, Bermudez, S Izquierdo, Krave, S, Nobrega, A, Perez, JC, Pong, I, Rochepault, E, Sabbi, GL, Schmalzle, J, and Yu, M
- Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics ,Physical Sciences ,High-luminosity LHC ,low-beta quadrupole ,Nb3Sn magnet ,superconducting accelerator magnets ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Materials Engineering ,General Physics ,Electrical engineering ,Condensed matter physics - Abstract
The U.S. LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) and CERN are combining efforts for the HiLumi-LHC upgrade to design and fabricate 150-mm-aperture interaction region quadrupoles with a nominal gradient of 130 T/m using Nb3Sn. To successfully produce the necessary long MQXF triplets, the HiLumi-LHC collaboration is systematically reducing risk and design modification by heavily relying upon the experience gained from the successful 120-mm-aperture LARP HQ program. First-generation MQXF short (MQXFS) coils were predominately a scaling up of the HQ quadrupole design, allowing comparable cable expansion during Nb3Sn formation heat treatment and increased insulation fraction for electrical robustness. A total of 13 first-generation MQXFS coils were fabricated between LARP and CERN. Systematic differences in coil size, coil alignment symmetry, and coil length contraction during heat treatment are observed and likely due to slight variances in tooling and insulation/cable systems. Analysis of coil cross sections indicate that field-shaping wedges and adjacent coil turns are systematically displaced from the nominal location and the cable is expanding less than nominally designed. A second-generation MQXF coil design seeks to correct the expansion and displacement discrepancies by increasing insulation and adding adjustable shims at the coil pole and midplanes to correct allowed magnetic field harmonics.
- Published
- 2016
23. Protection Heater Design Validation for the LARP Magnets Using Thermal Imaging
- Author
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Marchevsky, M, Turqueti, M, Cheng, DW, Felice, H, Sabbi, G, Salmi, T, Stenvall, A, Chlachidze, G, Ambrosio, G, Ferracin, P, Bermudez, S Izquierdo, Perez, JC, and Todesco, E
- Subjects
Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Engineering ,Engineering ,Physical Sciences ,Quench protection ,superconducting magnets ,thermal imaging ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Materials Engineering ,General Physics ,Electrical engineering ,Condensed matter physics - Abstract
Protection heaters are essential elements of a quench protection scheme for high-field accelerator magnets. Various heater designs fabricated by LARP and CERN have been already tested in the LARP high-field quadrupole HQ and presently being built into the coils of the high-field quadrupole MQXF. In order to compare the heat flow characteristics and thermal diffusion timescales of different heater designs, we powered heaters of two different geometries in ambient conditions and imaged the resulting thermal distributions using a high-sensitivity thermal video camera. We observed a peculiar spatial periodicity in the temperature distribution maps potentially linked to the structure of the underlying cable. Two-dimensional numerical simulation of heat diffusion and spatial heat distribution have been conducted, and the results of simulation and experiment have been compared. Imaging revealed hot spots due to a current concentration around high curvature points of heater strip of varying cross sections and visualized thermal effects of various interlayer structural defects. Thermal imaging can become a future quality control tool for the MQXF coil heaters.
- Published
- 2016
24. Second-Generation Coil Design of the Nb3Sn low- $\beta$ Quadrupole for the High Luminosity LHC
- Author
-
Bermudez, S Izquierdo, Ambrosio, G, Ballarino, A, Cavanna, E, Bossert, R, Cheng, D, Dietderich, D, Ferracin, P, Ghosh, A, Hagen, P, Holik, E, Perez, JC, Rochepault, E, Schmalzle, J, Todesco, E, and Yu, M
- Subjects
Coil end design ,LHC upgrade ,Nb3Sn Magnet ,superconducting accelerator magnets ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Materials Engineering ,General Physics - Abstract
As part of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Luminosity upgrade program, the U.S.-LHC Accelerator Research Program collaboration and CERN are working together to design and build a 150-mm aperture Nb3Sn quadrupole for the LHC interaction regions. A first series of 1.5-m-long coils was fabricated and assembled in a first short model. A detailed visual inspection of the coils was carried out to investigate cable dimensional changes during heat treatment and the position of the windings in the coil straight section and in the end region. The analyses allow identifying a set of design changes which, combined with a fine tune of the cable geometry and a field quality optimization, were implemented in a new second-generation coil design. In this paper, we review the main characteristics of the first generation coils, describe the modification in coil layout and discuss their impact on parts design and magnet analysis.
- Published
- 2016
25. Development of MQXF: The Nb3Sn Low- $\beta$ Quadrupole for the HiLumi LHC
- Author
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Ferracin, P, Ambrosio, G, Anerella, M, Ballarino, A, Bajas, H, Bajko, M, Bordini, B, Bossert, R, Cheng, DW, Dietderich, DR, Chlachidze, G, Cooley, L, Felice, H, Ghosh, A, Hafalia, R, Holik, E, Bermudez, S Izquierdo, Fessia, P, Grosclaude, P, Guinchard, M, Juchno, M, Krave, S, Lackner, F, Marchevsky, M, Marinozzi, V, Nobrega, F, Oberli, L, Pan, H, Perez, JC, Prin, H, Rysti, J, Rochepault, E, Sabbi, G, Salmi, T, Schmalzle, J, Sorbi, M, Tavares, S Sequeira, Todesco, E, Wanderer, P, Wang, X, and Yu, M
- Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics ,Physical Sciences ,High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider ,interaction regions ,low-beta quadrupoles ,Nb3Sn magnets ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Materials Engineering ,General Physics ,Electrical engineering ,Condensed matter physics - Abstract
The High Luminosity (HiLumi) Large Hadron Collider (LHC) project has, as the main objective, to increase the LHC peak luminosity by a factor five and the integrated luminosity by a factor ten. This goal will be achieved mainly with a new interaction region layout, which will allow a stronger focusing of the colliding beams. The target will be to reduce the beam size in the interaction points by a factor of two, which requires doubling the aperture of the low-β (or inner triplet) quadrupole magnets. The use of Nb3Sn superconducting material and, as a result, the possibility of operating at magnetic field levels in the windings higher than 11 T will limit the increase in length of these quadrupoles, called MQXF, to acceptable levels. After the initial design phase, where the key parameters were chosen and the magnet's conceptual design finalized, the MQXF project, a joint effort between the U.S. LHC Accelerator Research Program and the Conseil Europeén pour la Recherche Nucleaíre (CERN), has now entered the construction and test phase of the short models. Concurrently, the preparation for the development of the full-length prototypes has been initiated. This paper will provide an overview of the project status, describing and reporting on the performance of the superconducting material, the lessons learnt during the fabrication of superconducting coils and support structure, and the fine tuning of the magnet design in view of the start of the prototyping phase.
- Published
- 2016
26. Dimensional Changes of Nb3Sn Rutherford Cables During Heat Treatment
- Author
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Rochepault, E, Ferracin, P, Ambrosio, G, Anerella, M, Ballarino, A, Bonasia, A, Bordini, B, Cheng, D, Dietderich, DR, Felice, H, Fajardo, L Garcia, Ghosh, A, Holik, EF, Bermudez, S Izquierdo, Perez, JC, Pong, I, Schmalzle, J, and Yu, M
- Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics ,Physical Sciences ,Conductor dimensions ,heat treatment ,Nb3Sn conductors ,Rutherford cables ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Materials Engineering ,General Physics ,Electrical engineering ,Condensed matter physics - Abstract
In high field magnet applications, Nb3Sn coils undergo a heat treatment step after winding. During this stage, coils radially expand and longitudinally contract due to the Nb3Sn phase change. In order to prevent residual strain from altering superconducting performances, the tooling must provide the adequate space for these dimensional changes. The aim of this paper is to understand the behavior of cable dimensions during heat treatment and to provide estimates of the space to be accommodated in the tooling for coil expansion and contraction. This paper summarizes measurements of dimensional changes on strands, single Rutherford cables, cable stacks, and coils performed between 2013 and 2015. These samples and coils have been performed within a collaboration between CERN and the U.S. LHC Accelerator Research Program to develop Nb3Sn quadrupole magnets for the HiLumi LHC. The results are also compared with other high field magnet projects.
- Published
- 2016
27. Development of MQXF: The Nb3Sn Low-β Quadrupole for the HiLumi LHC
- Author
-
Ferracin, P, Ambrosio, G, Anerella, M, Ballarino, A, Bajas, H, Bajko, M, Bordini, B, Bossert, R, Cheng, DW, Dietderich, DR, Chlachidze, G, Cooley, L, Felice, H, Ghosh, A, Hafalia, R, Holik, E, Izquierdo Bermudez, S, Fessia, P, Grosclaude, P, Guinchard, M, Juchno, M, Krave, S, Lackner, F, Marchevsky, M, Marinozzi, V, Nobrega, F, Oberli, L, Pan, H, Perez, JC, Prin, H, Rysti, J, Rochepault, E, Sabbi, G, Salmi, T, Schmalzle, J, Sorbi, M, Sequeira Tavares, S, Todesco, E, Wanderer, P, Wang, X, and Yu, M
- Subjects
High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider ,interaction regions ,low-beta quadrupoles ,Nb3Sn magnets ,General Physics ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Materials Engineering - Abstract
The High Luminosity (HiLumi) Large Hadron Collider (LHC) project has, as the main objective, to increase the LHC peak luminosity by a factor five and the integrated luminosity by a factor ten. This goal will be achieved mainly with a new interaction region layout, which will allow a stronger focusing of the colliding beams. The target will be to reduce the beam size in the interaction points by a factor of two, which requires doubling the aperture of the low-β (or inner triplet) quadrupole magnets. The use of Nb3Sn superconducting material and, as a result, the possibility of operating at magnetic field levels in the windings higher than 11 T will limit the increase in length of these quadrupoles, called MQXF, to acceptable levels. After the initial design phase, where the key parameters were chosen and the magnet's conceptual design finalized, the MQXF project, a joint effort between the U.S. LHC Accelerator Research Program and the Conseil Europeén pour la Recherche Nucleaíre (CERN), has now entered the construction and test phase of the short models. Concurrently, the preparation for the development of the full-length prototypes has been initiated. This paper will provide an overview of the project status, describing and reporting on the performance of the superconducting material, the lessons learnt during the fabrication of superconducting coils and support structure, and the fine tuning of the magnet design in view of the start of the prototyping phase.
- Published
- 2016
28. Second-Generation Coil Design of the Nb3Sn low-β Quadrupole for the High Luminosity LHC
- Author
-
Izquierdo Bermudez, S, Ambrosio, G, Ballarino, A, Cavanna, E, Bossert, R, Cheng, D, Dietderich, D, Ferracin, P, Ghosh, A, Hagen, P, Holik, E, Perez, JC, Rochepault, E, Schmalzle, J, Todesco, E, and Yu, M
- Subjects
Coil end design ,LHC upgrade ,Nb3Sn Magnet ,superconducting accelerator magnets ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Materials Engineering ,General Physics - Abstract
As part of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Luminosity upgrade program, the U.S.-LHC Accelerator Research Program collaboration and CERN are working together to design and build a 150-mm aperture Nb3Sn quadrupole for the LHC interaction regions. A first series of 1.5-m-long coils was fabricated and assembled in a first short model. A detailed visual inspection of the coils was carried out to investigate cable dimensional changes during heat treatment and the position of the windings in the coil straight section and in the end region. The analyses allow identifying a set of design changes which, combined with a fine tune of the cable geometry and a field quality optimization, were implemented in a new second-generation coil design. In this paper, we review the main characteristics of the first generation coils, describe the modification in coil layout and discuss their impact on parts design and magnet analysis.
- Published
- 2016
29. Determining the probability of locating peaks using computerized peak-location methods in gamma-ray spectra as a function of the relative peak-area uncertainty
- Author
-
Ali Santoro, M.C., Anagnostakis, M.J., Boshkova, T., Camacho, A., Iljadica, M.C. Fornaciari, Collins, S.M., Perez, R. Diaz, Delgado, J.U., Đurašavić, M., Duch, M.A., Elvira, V.H., Gomes, R.S., Gudelis, A., Gurau, D., Hurtado Bermudez, S., Idoeta, R., Jevremović, A., Kandić, A., Korun, M., Karfopoulos, K., Laubenstein, M., Long, S., Margineanu, R.M., Mitsios, I., Mulas, D., Nikolić, J.K., Pantelica, A., Medina, V. Peyres, Pibida, L., Potiriadis, C., Silva, R.L., Siri, S., Šešlak, B., Verheyen, L., Vodenik, B., Vukanac, I., Wiedner, H., and Zorko, B.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Accelerator Technology Magnets
- Author
-
Izquierdo Bermudez, S., primary, Sabbi, G., additional, and Zlobin, A., additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Descriptions of two new cases of Rocky Mountain spotted fever in Panama, and coincident infection with Rickettsia rickettsii in Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. in an urban locality of Panama City, Panama
- Author
-
Martínez-Caballero, A., Moreno, B., González, C., Martínez, G., Adames, M., Pachar, J. V., Varela-Petrucelli, J. B., Martínez-Mandiche, J., Suárez, J. A., Domínguez, L., Zaldívar, Y., and Bermúdez, S.
- Published
- 2018
32. Natural and artificial radionuclides in a marine core. First results of 236U in North Atlantic Ocean sediments
- Author
-
Villa-Alfageme, M., Chamizo, E., Santos-Arévalo, F.J., López-Gutierrez, J.M., Gómez-Martínez, I., and Hurtado-Bermúdez, S.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. FCC-hh: The Hadron Collider: Future Circular Collider Conceptual Design Report Volume 3
- Author
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Abada, A., Abbrescia, M., AbdusSalam, S. S., Abdyukhanov, I., Abelleira Fernandez, J., Abramov, A., Aburaia, M., Acar, A. O., Adzic, P. R., Agrawal, P., Aguilar-Saavedra, J. A., Aguilera-Verdugo, J. J., Aiba, M., Aichinger, I., Aielli, G., Akay, A., Akhundov, A., Aksakal, H., Albacete, J. L., Albergo, S., Alekou, A., Aleksa, M., Aleksan, R., Alemany Fernandez, R. M., Alexahin, Y., Alía, R. G., Alioli, S., Alipour Tehrani, N., Allanach, B. C., Allport, P. P., Altınlı, M., Altmannshofer, W., Ambrosio, G., Amorim, D., Amstutz, O., Anderlini, L., Andreazza, A., Andreini, M., Andriatis, A., Andris, C., Andronic, A., Angelucci, M., Antinori, F., Antipov, S. A., Antonelli, M., Antonello, M., Antonioli, P., Antusch, S., Anulli, F., Apolinário, L., Apollinari, G., Apollonio, A., Appelö, D., Appleby, R. B., Apyan, A., Apyan, A., Arbey, A., Arbuzov, A., Arduini, G., Arı, V., Arias, S., Armesto, N., Arnaldi, R., Arsenyev, S. A., Arzeo, M., Asai, S., Aslanides, E., Aßmann, R. W., Astapovych, D., Atanasov, M., Atieh, S., Attié, D., Auchmann, B., Audurier, A., Aull, S., Aumon, S., Aune, S., Avino, F., Avrillaud, G., Aydın, G., Azatov, A., Azuelos, G., Azzi, P., Azzolini, O., Azzurri, P., Bacchetta, N., Bacchiocchi, E., Bachacou, H., Baek, Y. W., Baglin, V., Bai, Y., Baird, S., Baker, M. J., Baldwin, M. J., Ball, A. H., Ballarino, A., Banerjee, S., Barber, D. P., Barducci, D., Barjhoux, P., Barna, D., Barnaföldi, G. G., Barnes, M. J., Barr, A., Barranco García, J., Barreiro Guimarães da Costa, J., Bartmann, W., Baryshevsky, V., Barzi, E., Bass, S. A., Bastianin, A., Baudouy, B., Bauer, F., Bauer, M., Baumgartner, T., Bautista-Guzmán, I., Bayındır, C., Beaudette, F., Bedeschi, F., Béguin, M., Bellafont, I., Bellagamba, L., Bellegarde, N., Belli, E., Bellingeri, E., Bellini, F., Bellomo, G., Belomestnykh, S., Bencivenni, G., Benedikt, M., Bernardi, G., Bernardi, J., Bernet, C., Bernhardt, J. M., Bernini, C., Berriaud, C., Bertarelli, A., Bertolucci, S., Besana, M. I., Besançon, M., Beznosov, O., Bhat, P., Bhat, C., Biagini, M. E., Biarrotte, J. -L., Bibet Chevalier, A., Bielert, E. R., Biglietti, M., Bilei, G. M., Bilki, B., Biscari, C., Bishara, F., Blanco-García, O. R., Blánquez, F. R., Blekman, F., Blondel, A., Blümlein, J., Boccali, T., Boels, R., Bogacz, S. A., Bogomyagkov, A., Boine-Frankenheim, O., Boland, M. J., Bologna, S., Bolukbasi, O., Bomben, M., Bondarenko, S., Bonvini, M., Boos, E., Bordini, B., Bordry, F., Borghello, G., Borgonovi, L., Borowka, S., Bortoletto, D., Boscherini, D., Boscolo, M., Boselli, S., Bosley, R. R., Bossu, F., Botta, C., Bottura, L., Boughezal, R., Boutin, D., Bovone, G., Božović Jelisavić, I., Bozbey, A., Bozzi, C., Bozzini, D., Braccini, V., Braibant-Giacomelli, S., Bramante, J., Braun-Munzinger, P., Briffa, J. A., Britzger, D., Brodsky, S. J., Brooke, J. J., Bruce, R., De Renstrom, P. Brückman, Bruna, E., Brüning, O., Brunner, O., Brunner, K., Bruzzone, P., Buffat, X., Bulyak, E., Burkart, F., Burkhardt, H., Burnet, J. -P., Butin, F., Buttazzo, D., Butterworth, A., Caccia, M., Cai, Y., Caiffi, B., Cairo, V., Cakir, O., Calaga, R., Calatroni, S., Calderini, G., Calderola, G., Caliskan, A., Calvet, D., Calviani, M., Camalich, J. M., Camarri, P., Campanelli, M., Camporesi, T., Canbay, A. C., Canepa, A., Cantergiani, E., Cantore-Cavalli, D., Capeans, M., Cardarelli, R., Cardella, U., Cardini, A., Carloni Calame, C. M., Carra, F., Carra, S., Carvalho, A., Casalbuoni, S., Casas, J., Cascella, M., Castelnovo, P., Castorina, G., Catalano, G., Cavasinni, V., Cazzato, E., Cennini, E., Cerri, A., Cerutti, F., Cervantes, J., Chaikovska, I., Chakrabortty, J., Chala, M., Chamizo-Llatas, M., Chanal, H., Chanal, D., Chance, S., Chancé, A., Charitos, P., Charles, J., Charles, T. K., Chattopadhyay, S., Chehab, R., Chekanov, S. V., Chen, N., Chernoded, A., Chetvertkova, V., Chevalier, L., Chiarelli, G., Chiarello, G., Chiesa, M., Chiggiato, P., Childers, J. T., Chmielińska, A., Cholakian, A., Chomaz, P., Chorowski, M., Chou, W., Chrzaszcz, M., Chyhyrynets, E., Cibinetto, G., Ciftci, A. K., Ciftci, R., Cimino, R., Ciuchini, M., Clark, P. J., Coadou, Y., Cobal, M., Coccaro, A., Cogan, J., Cogneras, E., Collamati, F., Colldelram, C., Collier, P., Collot, J., Contino, R., Conventi, F., Cook, C. T. A., Cooley, L., Corcella, G., Cornell, A. S., Corral, G. H., Correia-Rodrigues, H., Costanza, F., Costa Pinto, P., Couderc, F., Coupard, J., Craig, N., Crespo Garrido, I., Crivellin, A., Croteau, J. F., Crouch, M., Cruz Alaniz, E., Curé, B., Curti, J., Curtin, D., Czech, M., Dachauer, C., D’Agnolo, R. T., Daibo, M., Dainese, A., Dalena, B., Daljevec, A., Dallapiazza, W., D’Aloia Schwartzentruber, L., Dam, M., D’Ambrosio, G., Das, S. P., DasBakshi, S., da Silva, W., da Silveira, G. G., D’Auria, V., D’Auria, S., David, A., Davidek, T., Deandrea, A., de Blas, J., Debono, C. J., De Curtis, S., De Filippis, N., de Florian, D., Deghaye, S., de Jong, S. J., Del Bo, C., Del Duca, V., Delikaris, D., Deliot, F., Dell’Acqua, A., Delle Rose, L., Delmastro, M., De Lucia, E., Demarteau, M., Denegri, D., Deniau, L., Denisov, D., Denizli, H., Denner, A., d’Enterria, D., de Rijk, G., De Roeck, A., Derue, F., Deschamps, O., Descotes-Genon, S., Dev, P. S. B., de Vivie de Régie, J. B., Dewanjee, R. K., Di Ciaccio, A., Di Cicco, A., Dillon, B. M., Di Micco, B., Di Nezza, P., Di Vita, S., Doblhammer, A., Dominjon, A., D’Onofrio, M., Dordei, F., Drago, A., Draper, P., Drasal, Z., Drewes, M., Duarte, L., Dubovyk, I., Duda, P., Dudarev, A., Dudko, L., Duellmann, D., Dünser, M., du Pree, T., Durante, M., Duran Yildiz, H., Dutta, S., Duval, F., Duval, J. M., Dydyshka, Y., Dziewit, B., Eisenhardt, S., Eisterer, M., Ekelof, T., El Khechen, D., Ellis, S. A., Ellis, J., Ellison, J. A., Elsener, K., Elsing, M., Enari, Y., Englert, C., Eriksson, H., Eskola, K. J., Esposito, L. S., Etisken, O., Etzion, E., Fabbricatore, P., Falkowski, A., Falou, A., Faltova, J., Fan, J., Fanò, L., Farilla, A., Farinelli, R., Farinon, S., Faroughy, D. A., Fartoukh, S. D., Faus-Golfe, A., Fawcett, W. J., Felici, G., Felsberger, L., Ferdeghini, C., Fernandez Navarro, A. M., Fernández-Téllez, A., Ferradas Troitino, J., Ferrara, G., Ferrari, R., Ferreira, L., Ferreira da Silva, P., Ferrera, G., Ferro, F., Fiascaris, M., Fiorendi, S., Fiorio, C., Fischer, O., Fischer, E., Flieger, W., Florio, M., Fonnesu, D., Fontanesi, E., Foppiani, N., Foraz, K., Forkel-Wirth, D., Forte, S., Fouaidy, M., Fournier, D., Fowler, T., Fox, J., Francavilla, P., Franceschini, R., Franchino, S., Franco, E., Freitas, A., Fuks, B., Furukawa, K., Furuseth, S. V., Gabrielli, E., Gaddi, A., Galanti, M., Gallo, E., Ganjour, S., Gao, J., Gao, J., Garcia Diaz, V., García Pérez, M., García Tabarés, L., Garion, C., Garzelli, M. V., Garzia, I., Gascon-Shotkin, S. M., Gaudio, G., Gay, P., Ge, S. -F., Gehrmann, T., Genest, M. H., Gerard, R., Gerigk, F., Gerwig, H., Giacomelli, P., Giagu, S., Gianfelice-Wendt, E., Gianotti, F., Giffoni, F., Gilardoni, S. S., Gil Costa, M., Giovannetti, M., Giovannozzi, M., Giubellino, P., Giudice, G. F., Giunta, A., Gladilin, L. K., Glukhov, S., Gluza, J., Gobbi, G., Goddard, B., Goertz, F., Golling, T., Goncalves, V. P., Gonçalo, R., Gonzalez Gomez, L. A., Gorgi Zadeh, S., Gorine, G., Gorini, E., Gourlay, S. A., Gouskos, L., Grancagnolo, F., Grassellino, A., Grau, A., Graverini, E., Gray, H. M., Greco, Ma., Greco, Mi., Grenard, J. -L., Grimm, O., Grojean, C., Gromov, V. A., Grosse-Oetringhaus, J. F., Grudiev, A., Grzanka, K., Gu, J., Guadagnoli, D., Guidi, V., Guiducci, S., Guillermo Canton, G., Günaydin, Y. 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K., Siódmok, A., Sirois, Y., Sirtori, E., Sirvinskaite, R., Sitar, B., Sjöstrand, T., Skands, P., Skordis, E., Skovpen, K., Skrzypek, M., Slade, E., Slavich, P., Slovak, R., Smaluk, V., Smirnov, V., Snoeys, W., Soffi, L., Sollander, P., Solovyanov, O., Soltveit, H. K., Song, H., Sopicki, P., Sorbi, M., Spallino, L., Spannowsky, M., Spataro, B., Sphicas, P., Spiesberger, H., Spiller, P., Spira, M., Srivastava, T., Stachel, J., Stakia, A., Stanyard, J. L., Starchenko, E., Starikov, A. Y., Staśto, A. M., Statera, M., Steerenberg, R., Steggemann, J., Stenvall, A., Stivanello, F., Stöckinger, D., Stoel, L. S., Stöger-Pollach, M., Strauss, B., Stuart, M., Stupakov, G., Su, S., Sublet, A., Sugita, K., Sulak, L., Sullivan, M. K., Sultansoy, S., Sumida, T., Suzuki, K., Sylva, G., Syphers, M. J., Sznajder, A., Taborelli, M., Tahir, N. A., Takeuchi, M., Tal Hod, E., Tambasco, C., Tanaka, J., Tang, K., Tapan, I., Taroni, S., Tartarelli, G. F., Tassielli, G., Tavian, L., Taylor, T. M., Taylor, G. N., Teixeira, A. M., Tejeda-Muñoz, G., Telnov, V. I., Tenchini, R., ten Kate, H. H. J., Terashi, K., Tesi, A., Testa, M., Tetrel, C., Teytelman, D., Thaler, J., Thamm, A., Thomas, S., Tiirakari, M. T., Tikhomirov, V., Tikhonov, D., Timko, H., Tisserand, V., Tkachenko, L. M., Tkaczuk, J., Tock, J. P., Todd, B., Todesco, E., Tomás Garcia, R., Tommasini, D., Tonelli, G., Toral, F., Torims, T., Torre, R., Townsend, Z., Trant, R., Treille, D., Trentadue, L., Tricoli, A., Tricomi, A., Trischuk, W., Tropin, I. S., Tuchming, B., Tudora, A. A., Turbiarz, B., Turk Cakir, I., Turri, M., Tydecks, T., Usovitsch, J., Uythoven, J., Vaglio, R., Valassi, A., Valchkova, F., Valdivia Garcia, M. A., Valente, P., Valente, R. U., Valente-Feliciano, A. -M., Valentino, G., Vale Silva, L., Valet, J. M., Valizadeh, R., Valle, J. W. F., Vallecorsa, S., Vallone, G., van Leeuwen, M., van Rienen, U. 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G., Zahnd, M., Zanetti, M., Zanotto, L., Zawiejski, L., Zeiler, P., Zerlauth, M., Zernov, S. M., Zevi Dell Porta, G., Zhang, Z., Zhang, Y., Zhang, C., Zhang, H., Zhao, Z., Zhong, Y. -M., Zhou, J., Zhou, D., Zhuang, P., Zick, G., Zimmermann, F., Zinn-Justin, J., Zivkovic, L., Zlobin, A. V., Zobov, M., Zupan, J., Zurita, J., and the FCC Collaboration
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- 2019
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34. HE-LHC: The High-Energy Large Hadron Collider: Future Circular Collider Conceptual Design Report Volume 4
- Author
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Abada, A., Abbrescia, M., AbdusSalam, S. S., Abdyukhanov, I., Abelleira Fernandez, J., Abramov, A., Aburaia, M., Acar, A. O., Adzic, P. R., Agrawal, P., Aguilar-Saavedra, J. A., Aguilera-Verdugo, J. J., Aiba, M., Aichinger, I., Aielli, G., Akay, A., Akhundov, A., Aksakal, H., Albacete, J. L., Albergo, S., Alekou, A., Aleksa, M., Aleksan, R., Alemany Fernandez, R. M., Alexahin, Y., Alía, R. G., Alioli, S., Alipour Tehrani, N., Allanach, B. C., Allport, P. P., Altınlı, M., Altmannshofer, W., Ambrosio, G., Amorim, D., Amstutz, O., Anderlini, L., Andreazza, A., Andreini, M., Andriatis, A., Andris, C., Andronic, A., Angelucci, M., Antinori, F., Antipov, S. A., Antonelli, M., Antonello, M., Antonioli, P., Antusch, S., Anulli, F., Apolinário, L., Apollinari, G., Apollonio, A., Appelö, D., Appleby, R. B., Apyan, A., Apyan, A., Arbey, A., Arbuzov, A., Arduini, G., Arı, V., Arias, S., Armesto, N., Arnaldi, R., Arsenyev, S. A., Arzeo, M., Asai, S., Aslanides, E., Aßmann, R. W., Astapovych, D., Atanasov, M., Atieh, S., Attié, D., Auchmann, B., Audurier, A., Aull, S., Aumon, S., Aune, S., Avino, F., Avrillaud, G., Aydın, G., Azatov, A., Azuelos, G., Azzi, P., Azzolini, O., Azzurri, P., Bacchetta, N., Bacchiocchi, E., Bachacou, H., Baek, Y. W., Baglin, V., Bai, Y., Baird, S., Baker, M. J., Baldwin, M. J., Ball, A. H., Ballarino, A., Banerjee, S., Barber, D. P., Barducci, D., Barjhoux, P., Barna, D., Barnaföldi, G. G., Barnes, M. J., Barr, A., Barranco García, J., Barreiro Guimarães da Costa, J., Bartmann, W., Baryshevsky, V., Barzi, E., Bass, S. A., Bastianin, A., Baudouy, B., Bauer, F., Bauer, M., Baumgartner, T., Bautista-Guzmán, I., Bayındır, C., Beaudette, F., Bedeschi, F., Béguin, M., Bellafont, I., Bellagamba, L., Bellegarde, N., Belli, E., Bellingeri, E., Bellini, F., Bellomo, G., Belomestnykh, S., Bencivenni, G., Benedikt, M., Bernardi, G., Bernardi, J., Bernet, C., Bernhardt, J. 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K., Siódmok, A., Sirois, Y., Sirtori, E., Sirvinskaite, R., Sitar, B., Sjöstrand, T., Skands, P., Skordis, E., Skovpen, K., Skrzypek, M., Slade, E., Slavich, P., Slovak, R., Smaluk, V., Smirnov, V., Snoeys, W., Soffi, L., Sollander, P., Solovyanov, O., Soltveit, H. K., Song, H., Sopicki, P., Sorbi, M., Spallino, L., Spannowsky, M., Spataro, B., Sphicas, P., Spiesberger, H., Spiller, P., Spira, M., Srivastava, T., Stachel, J., Stakia, A., Stanyard, J. L., Starchenko, E., Starikov, A. Y., Staśto, A. M., Statera, M., Steerenberg, R., Steggemann, J., Stenvall, A., Stivanello, F., Stöckinger, D., Stoel, L. S., Stöger-Pollach, M., Strauss, B., Stuart, M., Stupakov, G., Su, S., Sublet, A., Sugita, K., Sulak, L., Sullivan, M. K., Sultansoy, S., Sumida, T., Suzuki, K., Sylva, G., Syphers, M. J., Sznajder, A., Taborelli, M., Tahir, N. A., Takeuchi, M., Tal Hod, E., Tambasco, C., Tanaka, J., Tang, K., Tapan, I., Taroni, S., Tartarelli, G. F., Tassielli, G., Tavian, L., Taylor, T. M., Taylor, G. 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G., Zahnd, M., Zanetti, M., Zanotto, L., Zawiejski, L., Zeiler, P., Zerlauth, M., Zernov, S. M., Zevi Dell Porta, G., Zhang, Z., Zhang, Y., Zhang, C., Zhang, H., Zhao, Z., Zhong, Y. -M., Zhou, J., Zhou, D., Zhuang, P., Zick, G., Zimmermann, F., Zinn-Justin, J., Zivkovic, L., Zlobin, A. V., Zobov, M., Zupan, J., Zurita, J., and the FCC Collaboration
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35. FCC-ee: The Lepton Collider: Future Circular Collider Conceptual Design Report Volume 2
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Abada, A., Abbrescia, M., AbdusSalam, S. S., Abdyukhanov, I., Abelleira Fernandez, J., Abramov, A., Aburaia, M., Acar, A. O., Adzic, P. R., Agrawal, P., Aguilar-Saavedra, J. A., Aguilera-Verdugo, J. J., Aiba, M., Aichinger, I., Aielli, G., Akay, A., Akhundov, A., Aksakal, H., Albacete, J. L., Albergo, S., Alekou, A., Aleksa, M., Aleksan, R., Alemany Fernandez, R. M., Alexahin, Y., Alía, R. G., Alioli, S., Alipour Tehrani, N., Allanach, B. C., Allport, P. P., Altınlı, M., Altmannshofer, W., Ambrosio, G., Amorim, D., Amstutz, O., Anderlini, L., Andreazza, A., Andreini, M., Andriatis, A., Andris, C., Andronic, A., Angelucci, M., Antinori, F., Antipov, S. A., Antonelli, M., Antonello, M., Antonioli, P., Antusch, S., Anulli, F., Apolinário, L., Apollinari, G., Apollonio, A., Appelö, D., Appleby, R. B., Apyan, A., Apyan, A., Arbey, A., Arbuzov, A., Arduini, G., Arı, V., Arias, S., Armesto, N., Arnaldi, R., Arsenyev, S. A., Arzeo, M., Asai, S., Aslanides, E., Aßmann, R. W., Astapovych, D., Atanasov, M., Atieh, S., Attié, D., Auchmann, B., Audurier, A., Aull, S., Aumon, S., Aune, S., Avino, F., Avrillaud, G., Aydın, G., Azatov, A., Azuelos, G., Azzi, P., Azzolini, O., Azzurri, P., Bacchetta, N., Bacchiocchi, E., Bachacou, H., Baek, Y. W., Baglin, V., Bai, Y., Baird, S., Baker, M. J., Baldwin, M. J., Ball, A. H., Ballarino, A., Banerjee, S., Barber, D. P., Barducci, D., Barjhoux, P., Barna, D., Barnaföldi, G. G., Barnes, M. J., Barr, A., Barranco García, J., Barreiro Guimarães da Costa, J., Bartmann, W., Baryshevsky, V., Barzi, E., Bass, S. A., Bastianin, A., Baudouy, B., Bauer, F., Bauer, M., Baumgartner, T., Bautista-Guzmán, I., Bayındır, C., Beaudette, F., Bedeschi, F., Béguin, M., Bellafont, I., Bellagamba, L., Bellegarde, N., Belli, E., Bellingeri, E., Bellini, F., Bellomo, G., Belomestnykh, S., Bencivenni, G., Benedikt, M., Bernardi, G., Bernardi, J., Bernet, C., Bernhardt, J. 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K., Song, H., Sopicki, P., Sorbi, M., Spallino, L., Spannowsky, M., Spataro, B., Sphicas, P., Spiesberger, H., Spiller, P., Spira, M., Srivastava, T., Stachel, J., Stakia, A., Stanyard, J. L., Starchenko, E., Starikov, A. Y., Staśto, A. M., Statera, M., Steerenberg, R., Steggemann, J., Stenvall, A., Stivanello, F., Stöckinger, D., Stoel, L. S., Stöger-Pollach, M., Strauss, B., Stuart, M., Stupakov, G., Su, S., Sublet, A., Sugita, K., Sulak, L., Sullivan, M. K., Sultansoy, S., Sumida, T., Suzuki, K., Sylva, G., Syphers, M. J., Sznajder, A., Taborelli, M., Tahir, N. A., Takeuchi, M., Tal Hod, E., Tambasco, C., Tanaka, J., Tang, K., Tapan, I., Taroni, S., Tartarelli, G. F., Tassielli, G., Tavian, L., Taylor, T. M., Taylor, G. N., Teixeira, A. M., Tejeda-Muñoz, G., Telnov, V. I., Tenchini, R., ten Kate, H. H. J., Terashi, K., Tesi, A., Testa, M., Tetrel, C., Teytelman, D., Thaler, J., Thamm, A., Thomas, S., Tiirakari, M. T., Tikhomirov, V., Tikhonov, D., Timko, H., Tisserand, V., Tkachenko, L. M., Tkaczuk, J., Tock, J. P., Todd, B., Todesco, E., Tomás Garcia, R., Tommasini, D., Tonelli, G., Toral, F., Torims, T., Torre, R., Townsend, Z., Trant, R., Treille, D., Trentadue, L., Tricoli, A., Tricomi, A., Trischuk, W., Tropin, I. S., Tuchming, B., Tudora, A. A., Turbiarz, B., Turk Cakir, I., Turri, M., Tydecks, T., Usovitsch, J., Uythoven, J., Vaglio, R., Valassi, A., Valchkova, F., Valdivia Garcia, M. A., Valente, P., Valente, R. U., Valente-Feliciano, A. -M., Valentino, G., Vale Silva, L., Valet, J. M., Valizadeh, R., Valle, J. W. F., Vallecorsa, S., Vallone, G., van Leeuwen, M., van Rienen, U. H., van Riesen-Haupt, L., Varasteh, M., Vecchi, L., Vedrine, P., Velev, G., Veness, R., Ventura, A., Venturini Delsolaro, W., Verducci, M., Verhaaren, C. B., Vernieri, C., Verweij, A. P., Verwilligen, O., Viazlo, O., Vicini, A., Viehhauser, G., Vignaroli, N., Vignolo, M., Vitrano, A., Vivarelli, I., Vlachos, S., Vogel, M., Vogt, D. M., Völkl, V., Volkov, P., Volpini, G., von Ahnen, J., Vorotnikov, G., Voutsinas, G. G., Vysotsky, V., Wagner, U., Wallny, R., Wang, L. -T., Wang, R., Wang, K., Ward, B. F. L., Watson, T. P., Watson, N. K., Ws, Z., Weiland, C., Weinzierl, S., Welsch, C. P., Wenninger, J., Widorski, M., Wiedemann, U. A., Wienands, H. -U., Wilkinson, G., Williams, P. H., Winter, A., Wohlfahrt, A., Wojtoń, T., Wollmann, D., Womersley, J., Woog, D., Wu, X., Wulzer, A., Yanehsari, M. K., Yang, G., Yang, H. J., Yao, W. -M., Yazgan, E., Yermolchik, V., Yilmaz, A., Yilmaz, A., Yoo, H. -D., Yost, S. A., You, T., Young, C., Yu, T. -T., Yu, F., Zaborowska, A., Zadeh, S. G., Zahnd, M., Zanetti, M., Zanotto, L., Zawiejski, L., Zeiler, P., Zerlauth, M., Zernov, S. M., Zevi Dell Porta, G., Zhang, Z., Zhang, Y., Zhang, C., Zhang, H., Zhao, Z., Zhong, Y. -M., Zhou, J., Zhou, D., Zhuang, P., Zick, G., Zimmermann, F., Zinn-Justin, J., Zivkovic, L., Zlobin, A. V., Zobov, M., Zupan, J., Zurita, J., and the FCC Collaboration
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- 2019
- Full Text
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36. A Similarity Indicator for Differentiating Kinematic Performance Between Qualified Tennis Players
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Pulgarin-Giraldo, J. D., Alvarez-Meza, A. M., Melo-Betancourt, L. G., Ramos-Bermudez, S., Castellanos-Dominguez, G., Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Beltrán-Castañón, César, editor, Nyström, Ingela, editor, and Famili, Fazel, editor
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- 2017
- Full Text
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37. Analysis of the MQXFA Low Beta Quadrupoles for HL-LHC after 50% magnet assembly complete +
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Ambrosio, G., primary, Amm, K., additional, Anerella, M., additional, Apollinari, G., additional, Baldini, M., additional, Yahia, A., additional, Blowers, J., additional, Bossert, R., additional, Carcagno, R., additional, Cheng, D., additional, Chlachidze, G., additional, Cooley, L., additional, DiMarco, J., additional, Feher, S., additional, Ferracin, P., additional, Troitino, J., additional, Fajardo, L., additional, Bermudez, S., additional, Joshi, P., additional, Krave, S., additional, Levitan, J., additional, Lombardo, V., additional, Lu, J., additional, Marchevsky, M., additional, Marinozzi, V., additional, Muratore, J., additional, Naus, M., additional, Nobrega, F., additional, Page, T., additional, Pong, I., additional, Prestemon, S., additional, Sabbi, G., additional, Schmalzle, J., additional, Seyl, J., additional, Stoynev, S., additional, Strauss, T., additional, Todesco, E., additional, Turrioni, D., additional, Vallone, G., additional, Wanderer, P., additional, Wang, X., additional, and Yu, M., additional
- Published
- 2023
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38. Design of a Common Coil Magnet Using Existing Racetrack Model Coils (RMC)
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Garcia-Matos, J. A., Jardim, C. Martins, Toral, F., Bermudez, S. Izquierdo, and Perez, J. C.
- Abstract
The common coil configuration was one of the layouts studied as a candidate to build the required high-field magnets for future colliders, specifically FCC-hh at CERN. The design of the structure to support the large electromagnetic forces and the protection system have been identified as the main challenges. Racetrack model coils (RMC) have been used as successful tools for the R&D of high-field superconducting accelerator mag-nets for more than a decade at CERN. In this article, a common coil magnet, named ISAAC, is designed using existing RMC coils. This approach will allow to build a common coil model magnet in a short time to validate the calculations and identify the weak points to overcome before addressing the challenge of building a 14 T common coil magnet demonstrator in CIEMAT premises. A preliminary study is carried out to compare results from common coil configuration with those obtained for the same RMC coils assembled in block configuration. More critical properties of magnetic design are discussed, and two design options are presented. Finally, the quench protection and mechanical design goals to be pursued are discussed.
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- 2024
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39. Development and Qualification of High Current Splices and Electrical Connections for the HL-LHC Magnets
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Principe, R., Izquierdo-Bermudez, S., Milanese, A., Prin, H., Sgobba, S., and Todesco, E.
- Abstract
The continuity of the 18, 13, and 2 kA circuits of the HL-LHC magnets heavily relies on splices and electrical connections, to which it is worth devoting a special attention from the early phases. This spans the design of the splice or connection itself, together with the tooling and related procedure, so that the execution can reliably yield high quality results. Mindful of the history of LHC splices, robustness and reproducibility of the execution solutions are two of the fundamental parameters that have guided the technical choices made during the development phase. The number of technical solutions considered is due to the variety of possible combinations, depending on the various nature and geometry of the superconducting cables to be joined together. This wide spectrum calls for a rigorous qualification protocol, including micrography, mechanical tests before and after fatigue stress and electrical tests at room and cryogenic temperature. The article will illustrate the choices made during the development phase for the 11 selected families of splices and electrical connections, together with their qualification process, while providing results and statistics from the mechanical and electrical tests campaigns.
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- 2024
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40. Simulation of the response of a PIPS detector using GEANT4 code
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Díaz-Francés, J.A., Cortés-Giraldo, M.A., Jiménez-Ramos, M.C., and Hurtado-Bermúdez, S.
- Published
- 2017
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41. Status and Challenges of the Interaction Region Magnets for HL-LHC
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Todesco, E., primary, Izquierdo Bermudez, S., additional, Foussat, A., additional, Gautheron, E., additional, Kirby, G., additional, Felice, H., additional, Perez, J. C., additional, Fleiter, J., additional, Barth, C., additional, Milanese, A., additional, Prin, H., additional, Lusa, N., additional, Ferradas Troitino, J., additional, Ferradas Troitino, S., additional, Mangiarotti, F., additional, Principe, R., additional, Willering, G., additional, Duarte Ramos, D., additional, Ballarino, A., additional, Russenschuck, S., additional, Devred, A., additional, Bednarek, M., additional, Rodriguez-Mateos, F., additional, Statera, M., additional, Prioli, M., additional, Sorbi, M., additional, Mariotto, S., additional, Farinon, S., additional, Bersani, A., additional, Caiffi, B., additional, Fabbricatore, P., additional, Levi, F., additional, Pampaloni, A., additional, Toral, F., additional, Martins, C., additional, Garcia Matos, J., additional, Nakamoto, T., additional, Sugano, M., additional, Suzuki, K., additional, Xu, Q., additional, Wang, Y., additional, Wei, W., additional, Apollinari, G., additional, Carcagno, R., additional, Feher, S., additional, Ambrosio, G., additional, Baldini, M., additional, Yu, M., additional, Nobrega, A., additional, Vouris, A., additional, Chlachidze, G., additional, Stoynev, S., additional, Amm, K., additional, Schmalzle, J., additional, Anarella, M., additional, Muratore, J., additional, Ben Yahia, A., additional, Joshi, P., additional, Ferracin, P., additional, Prestemon, S., additional, Cheng, D., additional, Strauss, T., additional, and Cooley, L., additional
- Published
- 2023
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42. Analysis of the Mechanical Performance of the 4.2-m-Long MQXFA Magnets for the Hi-Lumi LHC Upgrade
- Author
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Fajardo, L. Garcia, primary, Ambrosio, G., additional, Yahia, A. Ben, additional, Cheng, D. W., additional, Ferracin, P., additional, Troitino, J. Ferradas, additional, Bermudez, S. Izquierdo, additional, Muratore, J., additional, Prestemon, S., additional, Ray, K. L., additional, Solis, M., additional, and Vallone, G., additional
- Published
- 2023
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43. Rapid determination of 210Pb and 210Po in water and application to marine samples
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Villa-Alfageme, M., Mas, J.L., Hurtado-Bermudez, S., and Masqué, P.
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- 2016
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44. Cambios en resonancia magnética funcional en estudiantes de medicina con y sin restricción moderada de sueño
- Author
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Bermúdez, S., Hernández, J.T., Pérez-Olmos, I., Morillo, A.J., Bernal, B., Santiago, G., Torres, S., Ocampo, A., Ibáñez, M., Rascovsky, S., Sanz, A., Reyes, P., and Velasco, S.
- Published
- 2016
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45. FCC Physics Opportunities: Future Circular Collider Conceptual Design Report Volume 1
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Abada, A., Abbrescia, M., AbdusSalam, S. S., Abdyukhanov, I., Fernandez, J. Abelleira, Abramov, A., Aburaia, M., Acar, A. O., Adzic, P. R., Agrawal, P., Aguilar-Saavedra, J. A., Aguilera-Verdugo, J. J., Aiba, M., Aichinger, I., Aielli, G., Akay, A., Akhundov, A., Aksakal, H., Albacete, J. L., Albergo, S., Alekou, A., Aleksa, M., Aleksan, R., Fernandez, R. M. Alemany, Alexahin, Y., Alía, R. G., Alioli, S., Tehrani, N. Alipour, Allanach, B. C., Allport, P. P., Altınlı, M., Altmannshofer, W., Ambrosio, G., Amorim, D., Amstutz, O., Anderlini, L., Andreazza, A., Andreini, M., Andriatis, A., Andris, C., Andronic, A., Angelucci, M., Antinori, F., Antipov, S. A., Antonelli, M., Antonello, M., Antonioli, P., Antusch, S., Anulli, F., Apolinário, L., Apollinari, G., Apollonio, A., Appelö, D., Appleby, R. B., Apyan, Ara., Apyan, Arm., Arbey, A., Arbuzov, A., Arduini, G., Arı, V., Arias, S., Armesto, N., Arnaldi, R., Arsenyev, S. A., Arzeo, M., Asai, S., Aslanides, E., Aßmann, R. W., Astapovych, D., Atanasov, M., Atieh, S., Attié, D., Auchmann, B., Audurier, A., Aull, S., Aumon, S., Aune, S., Avino, F., Avrillaud, G., Aydın, G., Azatov, A., Azuelos, G., Azzi, P., Azzolini, O., Azzurri, P., Bacchetta, N., Bacchiocchi, E., Bachacou, H., Baek, Y. W., Baglin, V., Bai, Y., Baird, S., Baker, M. J., Baldwin, M. J., Ball, A. H., Ballarino, A., Banerjee, S., Barber, D. P., Barducci, D., Barjhoux, P., Barna, D., Barnaföldi, G. G., Barnes, M. J., Barr, A., García, J. Barranco, da Costa, J. Barreiro Guimarães, Bartmann, W., Baryshevsky, V., Barzi, E., Bass, S. A., Bastianin, A., Baudouy, B., Bauer, F., Bauer, M., Baumgartner, T., Bautista-Guzmán, I., Bayındır, C., Beaudette, F., Bedeschi, F., Béguin, M., Bellafont, I., Bellagamba, L., Bellegarde, N., Belli, E., Bellingeri, E., Bellini, F., Bellomo, G., Belomestnykh, S., Bencivenni, G., Benedikt, M., Bernardi, G., Bernardi, J., Bernet, C., Bernhardt, J. M., Bernini, C., Berriaud, C., Bertarelli, A., Bertolucci, S., Besana, M. I., Besançon, M., Beznosov, O., Bhat, P., Bhat, C., Biagini, M. E., Biarrotte, J.-L., Chevalier, A. Bibet, Bielert, E. R., Biglietti, M., Bilei, G. M., Bilki, B., Biscari, C., Bishara, F., Blanco-García, O. R., Blánquez, F. R., Blekman, F., Blondel, A., Blümlein, J., Boccali, T., Boels, R., Bogacz, S. A., Bogomyagkov, A., Boine-Frankenheim, O., Boland, M. J., Bologna, S., Bolukbasi, O., Bomben, M., Bondarenko, S., Bonvini, M., Boos, E., Bordini, B., Bordry, F., Borghello, G., Borgonovi, L., Borowka, S., Bortoletto, D., Boscherini, D., Boscolo, M., Boselli, S., Bosley, R. R., Bossu, F., Botta, C., Bottura, L., Boughezal, R., Boutin, D., Bovone, G., Jelisavc̆ić, I. Božović, Bozbey, A., Bozzi, C., Bozzini, D., Braccini, V., Braibant-Giacomelli, S., Bramante, J., Braun-Munzinger, P., Briffa, J. A., Britzger, D., Brodsky, S. J., Brooke, J. J., Bruce, R., De Renstrom, P. Brückman, Bruna, E., Brüning, O., Brunner, O., Brunner, K., Bruzzone, P., Buffat, X., Bulyak, E., Burkart, F., Burkhardt, H., Burnet, J.-P., Butin, F., Buttazzo, D., Butterworth, A., Caccia, M., Cai, Y., Caiffi, B., Cairo, V., Cakir, O., Calaga, R., Calatroni, S., Calderini, G., Calderola, G., Caliskan, A., Calvet, D., Calviani, M., Camalich, J. M., Camarri, P., Campanelli, M., Camporesi, T., Canbay, A. C., Canepa, A., Cantergiani, E., Cantore-Cavalli, D., Capeans, M., Cardarelli, R., Cardella, U., Cardini, A., Calame, C. M. Carloni, Carra, F., Carra, S., Carvalho, A., Casalbuoni, S., Casas, J., Cascella, M., Castelnovo, P., Castorina, G., Catalano, G., Cavasinni, V., Cazzato, E., Cennini, E., Cerri, A., Cerutti, F., Cervantes, J., Chaikovska, I., Chakrabortty, J., Chala, M., Chamizo-Llatas, M., Chanal, H., Chanal, D., Chance, S., Chancé, A., Charitos, P., Charles, J., Charles, T. K., Chattopadhyay, S., Chehab, R., Chekanov, S. V., Chen, N., Chernoded, A., Chetvertkova, V., Chevalier, L., Chiarelli, G., Chiarello, G., Chiesa, M., Chiggiato, P., Childers, J. T., Chmielińska, A., Cholakian, A., Chomaz, P., Chorowski, M., Chou, W., Chrzaszcz, M., Chyhyrynets, E., Cibinetto, G., Ciftci, A. K., Ciftci, R., Cimino, R., Ciuchini, M., Clark, P. J., Coadou, Y., Cobal, M., Coccaro, A., Cogan, J., Cogneras, E., Collamati, F., Colldelram, C., Collier, P., Collot, J., Contino, R., Conventi, F., Cook, C. T. A., Cooley, L., Corcella, G., Cornell, A. S., Corral, G. H., Correia-Rodrigues, H., Costanza, F., Pinto, P. Costa, Couderc, F., Coupard, J., Craig, N., Garrido, I. Crespo, Crivellin, A., Croteau, J. F., Crouch, M., Alaniz, E. Cruz, Curé, B., Curti, J., Curtin, D., Czech, M., Dachauer, C., D’Agnolo, R. T., Daibo, M., Dainese, A., Dalena, B., Daljevec, A., Dallapiazza, W., Schwartzentruber, L. D’Aloia, Dam, M., D’Ambrosio, G., Das, S. P., DasBakshi, S., da Silva, W., da Silveira, G. G., D’Auria, V., D’Auria, S., David, A., Davidek, T., Deandrea, A., de Blas, J., Debono, C. J., De Curtis, S., De Filippis, N., de Florian, D., Deghaye, S., de Jong, S. J., Bo, C. Del, Duca, V. Del, Delikaris, D., Deliot, F., Dell’Acqua, A., Rose, L. Delle, Delmastro, M., De Lucia, E., Demarteau, M., Denegri, D., Deniau, L., Denisov, D., Denizli, H., Denner, A., d’Enterria, D., de Rijk, G., De Roeck, A., Derue, F., Deschamps, O., Descotes-Genon, S., Dev, P. S. B., de Vivie de Régie, J. B., Dewanjee, R. K., Ciaccio, A. Di, Cicco, A. Di, Dillon, B. M., Micco, B. Di, Nezza, P. Di, Vita, S. Di, Doblhammer, A., Dominjon, A., D’Onofrio, M., Dordei, F., Drago, A., Draper, P., Drasal, Z., Drewes, M., Duarte, L., Dubovyk, I., Duda, P., Dudarev, A., Dudko, L., Duellmann, D., Dünser, M., Pree, T. du, Durante, M., Yildiz, H. Duran, Dutta, S., Duval, F., Duval, J. M., Dydyshka, Ya., Dziewit, B., Eisenhardt, S., Eisterer, M., Ekelof, T., Khechen, D. El, Ellis, S. A., Ellis, J., Ellison, J. A., Elsener, K., Elsing, M., Enari, Y., Englert, C., Eriksson, H., Eskola, K. J., Esposito, L. S., Etisken, O., Etzion, E., Fabbricatore, P., Falkowski, A., Falou, A., Faltova, J., Fan, J., Fanò, L., Farilla, A., Farinelli, R., Farinon, S., Faroughy, D. A., Fartoukh, S. D., Faus-Golfe, A., Fawcett, W. J., Felici, G., Felsberger, L., Ferdeghini, C., Navarro, A. M. Fernandez, Fernández-Téllez, A., Troitino, J. Ferradas, Ferrara, G., Ferrari, R., Ferreira, L., da Silva, P. Ferreira, Ferrera, G., Ferro, F., Fiascaris, M., Fiorendi, S., Fiorio, C., Fischer, O., Fischer, E., Flieger, W., Florio, M., Fonnesu, D., Fontanesi, E., Foppiani, N., Foraz, K., Forkel-Wirth, D., Forte, S., Fouaidy, M., Fournier, D., Fowler, T., Fox, J., Francavilla, P., Franceschini, R., Franchino, S., Franco, E., Freitas, A., Fuks, B., Furukawa, K., Furuseth, S. V., Gabrielli, E., Gaddi, A., Galanti, M., Gallo, E., Ganjour, S., Gao, Jia., Gao, Jie., Diaz, V. Garcia, Pérez, M. García, Tabarés, L. García, Garion, C., Garzelli, M. V., Garzia, I., Gascon-Shotkin, S. M., Gaudio, G., Gay, P., Ge, S.-F., Gehrmann, T., Genest, M. H., Gerard, R., Gerigk, F., Gerwig, H., Giacomelli, P., Giagu, S., Gianfelice-Wendt, E., Gianotti, F., Giffoni, F., Gilardoni, S. S., Costa, M. Gil, Giovannetti, M., Giovannozzi, M., Giubellino, P., Giudice, G. F., Giunta, A., Gladilin, L. K., Glukhov, S., Gluza, J., Gobbi, G., Goddard, B., Goertz, F., Golling, T., Gonçalves, D., Goncalves, V. P., Gonçalo, R., Gomez, L. A. Gonzalez, Zadeh, S. Gorgi, Gorine, G., Gorini, E., Gourlay, S. A., Gouskos, L., Grancagnolo, F., Grassellino, A., Grau, A., Graverini, E., Gray, H. M., Greco, Ma., Greco, Mi., Grenard, J.-L., Grimm, O., Grojean, C., Gromov, V. A., Grosse-Oetringhaus, J. F., Grudiev, A., Grzanka, K., Gu, J., Guadagnoli, D., Guidi, V., Guiducci, S., Canton, G. Guillermo, Günaydin, Y. O., Gupta, R., Gupta, R. S., Gutierrez, J., Gutleber, J., Guyot, C., Guzey, V., Gwenlan, C., Haberstroh, Ch., Hacışahinoğlu, B., Haerer, B., Hahn, K., Hahn, T., Hammad, A., Han, C., Hance, M., Hannah, A., Harris, P. C., Hati, C., Haug, S., Hauptman, J., Haurylavets, V., He, H-J., Hegglin, A., Hegner, B., Heinemann, K., Heinemeyer, S., Helsens, C., Henriques, Ana., Henriques, And., Hernandez, P., Hernández-Pinto, R. J., Hernandez-Sanchez, J., Herzig, T., Hiekkanen, I., Hillert, W., Hoehn, T., Hofer, M., Höfle, W., Holdener, F., Holleis, S., Holzer, B., Hong, D. K., Honorato, C. G., Hopkins, S. C., Hrdinka, J., Hug, F., Humann, B., Humer, H., Hurth, T., Hutton, A., Iacobucci, G., Ibarrola, N., Iconomidou-Fayard, L., Ilyina-Brunner, K., Incandela, J., Infantino, A., Ippolito, V., Ishino, M., Islam, R., Ita, H., Ivanovs, A., Iwamoto, S., Iyer, A., Bermudez, S. Izquierdo, Jadach, S., Jamin, D. O., Janot, P., Jarry, P., Jeff, A., Jenny, P., Jensen, E., Jensen, M., Jiang, X., Jiménez, J. M., Jones, M. A., Jones, O. R., Jowett, J. M., Jung, S., Kaabi, W., Kado, M., Kahle, K., Kalinovskaya, L., Kalinowski, J., Kamenik, J. F., Kannike, K., Kara, S. O., Karadeniz, H., Karaventzas, V., Karpov, I., Kartal, S., Karyukhin, A., Kashikhin, V., Behr, J. Katharina, Kaya, U., Keintzel, J., Keinz, P. A., Keppel, K., Kersevan, R., Kershaw, K., Khanpour, H., Khatibi, S., Yanehsari, M. Khatiri, Khoze, V. V., Kieseler, J., Kilic, A., Kilpinen, A., Kim, Y.-K., Kim, D. W., Klein, U., Klein, M., Kling, F., Klinkenberg, N., Klöppel, S., Klute, M., Klyukhin, V. I., Knecht, M., Kniehl, B., Kocak, F., Koeberl, C., Kolano, A. M., Kollegger, A., Kołodziej, K., Kolomiets, A. A., Komppula, J., Koop, I., Koppenburg, P., Koratzinos, M., Kordiaczyńska, M., Korjik, M., Kortner, O., Kostka, P., Kotlarski, W., Kotnig, C., Köttig, T., Kotwal, A. V., Kovalenko, A. D., Kowalski, S., Kozaczuk, J., Kozlov, G. A., Kozub, S. S., Krainer, A. M., Kramer, T., Krämer, M., Krammer, M., Krasnov, A. 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M., Ochando, C., Ogur, S., Ohmi, K., Oide, K., Okorokov, V. A., Okumura, Y., Oleari, C., Olness, F. I., Onel, Y., Ortino, M., Osborne, J., Osland, P., Otto, T., Oyulmaz, K. Y., Ozansoy, A., Özcan, V., Özdemir, K., Pagliarone, C. E., da Silva, H. F. Pais, Palmieri, E., Palumbo, L., Pampaloni, A., Pan, R.-Q., Panareo, M., Panella, O., Panico, G., Panizzo, G., Pankov, A. A., Pantsyrny, V., Papadopoulos, C. G., Papaefstathiou, A., Papaphilippou, Y., Parker, M. A., Parma, V., Pasquali, M., Patra, S. K., Patterson, R., Paukkunen, H., Pauss, F., Peggs, S., Penttinen, J.-P., Peón, G., Perepelkin, E. E., Perez, E., Perez, J. C., Perez, G., Pérez, F., Codina, E. Perez, Morales, J. Perez, Perfilov, M., Pernegger, H., Peruzzi, M., Pes, C., Peters, K., Petracca, S., Petriello, F., Pezzotti, L., Pfeiffer, S., Piccinini, F., Pieloni, T., Pierini, M., Pikhartova, H., Pikurs, G., Pilicer, E., Piminov, P., Pira, C., Pittau, R., Płaczek, W., Plagge, M., Plehn, T., Pleier, M.-A., Płoskoń, M., Podeur, M., Podlech, H., Podzorny, T., Poggioli, L., Poiron, A., Polesello, G., Lener, M. Poli, Polini, A., Polinski, J., Polozov, S. M., Ponce, L., Pont, M., Pontecorvo, L., Portaluri, T., Potamianos, K., Prasse, C., Prausa, M., Preinerstorfer, A., Premat, E., Price, T., Primavera, M., Prino, F., Prioli, M., Proudfoot, J., Provino, A., Pugnat, T., Pukhaeva, N., Puławski, S., Pulikowski, D., Punzi, G., Putti, M., Pyarelal, A., Quack, H., Quispe, M., Racioppi, A., Rafique, H., Raginel, V., Raidal, M., Ramírez-Uribe, N. S., Ramsey-Musolf, M. J., Rata, R., Ratoff, P., Ravotti, F., Teles, P. Rebello, Reboud, M., Redaelli, S., Renner, E., Rentería-Olivo, A. 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Venturini, Verducci, M., Verhaaren, C. B., Vernieri, C., Verweij, A. P., Verwilligen, O., Viazlo, O., Vicini, A., Viehhauser, G., Vignaroli, N., Vignolo, M., Vitrano, A., Vivarelli, I., Vlachos, S., Vogel, M., Vogt, D. M., Völkl, V., Volkov, P., Volpini, G., Ahnen, J. von, Vorotnikov, G., Voutsinas, G. G., Vysotsky, V., Wagner, U., Wallny, R., Wang, L.-T., Wang, R., Wang, K., Ward, B. F. L., Watson, T. P., Watson, N. K., Wa̧s, Z., Weiland, C., Weinzierl, S., Welsch, C. P., Wenninger, J., Widorski, M., Wiedemann, U. A., Wienands, H.-U., Wilkinson, G., Williams, P. H., Winter, A., Wohlfahrt, A., Wojtoń, T., Wollmann, D., Womersley, J., Woog, D., Wu, X., Wulzer, A., Yanehsari, M. K., Yang, G., Yang, H. J., Yao, W.-M., Yazgan, E., Yermolchik, V., Yilmaz, Ay., Yilmaz, Al., Yoo, H.-D., Yost, S. A., You, T., Young, C., Yu, T.-T., Yu, F., Zaborowska, A., Zadeh, S. G., Zahnd, M., Zanetti, M., Zanotto, L., Zawiejski, L., Zeiler, P., Zerlauth, M., Zernov, S. M., Porta, G. Zevi Dell, Zhang, Z., Zhang, Y., Zhang, C., Zhang, H., Zhao, Z., Zhong, Y.-M., Zhou, J., Zhou, D., Zhuang, P., Zick, G., Zimmermann, F., Zinn-Justin, J., Zivkovic, L., Zlobin, A. V., Zobov, M., Zupan, J., Zurita, J., and The FCC Collaboration
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Optimizing the use of pressurized bladders for the assembly of HL-LHC MQXFB magnets
- Author
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Ferradas Troitino, J, primary, Ambrosio, G, additional, Bourcey, N, additional, Cheng, D, additional, Devred, A, additional, Felice, H, additional, Ferracin, P, additional, Guinchard, M, additional, Izquierdo Bermudez, S, additional, Kandemir, K, additional, Lusa, N, additional, Milanese, A, additional, Mugnier, S, additional, Perez, J C, additional, Todesco, E, additional, Triquet, S, additional, and Vallone, G, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Quench Modeling in High-field Nb3Sn Accelerator Magnets
- Author
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Bermudez, S. Izquierdo, Bajas, H., and Bottura, L.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Development and qualification of high current splices and electrical connections for the HL-LHC magnets
- Author
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Principe, R., primary, Izquierdo-Bermudez, S., additional, Milanese, A., additional, Prin, H., additional, Sgobba, S., additional, and Todesco, E., additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Design of a Common Coil Magnet Using Existing Racetrack Model Coils (RMC)
- Author
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García-Matos, J. A., primary, Jardim, C. Martins, additional, Toral, F., additional, Bermudez, S. Izquierdo, additional, and Perez, J. C., additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Mechanical Characterization of Low-Carbon Steels for High-Field Accelerator Magnets: Application to Nb$_{3}$Sn Low-$\beta$ Quadrupole MQXF
- Author
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Santillana, I. Aviles, primary, Vallone, G., additional, Anderssen, E., additional, Bermudez, S. Izquierdo, additional, Bonnin, S., additional, Crouvizier, M. D., additional, Principe, R., additional, Sgobba, S., additional, Weiss, K. P., additional, Bagrets, N., additional, Huang, C. J., additional, and Li, L. F., additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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