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22 results on '"Bermejo, Magdalena"'

1. From groups to communities in western lowland gorillas

Author

Forcina, Giovanni, Vallet, Dominique, Le Gouar, Pascaline J., Bernardo-Madrid, Rubén, Illera, Germán, Molina-Vacas, Guillem, Dréano, Stéphane, Revilla, Eloy, Rodríguez-Teijeiro, José Domingo, Ménard, Nelly, Bermejo, Magdalena, and Vilà, Carles

Published
2019

4. Past Connectivity but Recent Inbreeding in Cross River Gorillas Determined Using Whole Genomes from Single Hairs

Author

Alvarez-Estape, Marina, primary, Pawar, Harvinder, additional, Fontsere, Claudia, additional, Trujillo, Amber E., additional, Gunson, Jessica L., additional, Bergl, Richard A., additional, Bermejo, Magdalena, additional, Linder, Joshua M., additional, McFarland, Kelley, additional, Oates, John F., additional, Sunderland-Groves, Jacqueline L., additional, Orkin, Joseph, additional, Higham, James P., additional, Viaud-Martinez, Karine A., additional, Lizano, Esther, additional, and Marques-Bonet, Tomas, additional

Published
2023
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5. Past Connectivity but Recent Inbreeding in Cross River Gorillas Determined Using Whole Genomes from Single Hairs

Author

Alvarez-Estape, Marina, Pawar, Harvinder, Fontsere, Claudia, Trujillo, Amber E., Gunson, Jessica L., Bergl, Richard A., Bermejo, Magdalena, Linder, Joshua M., McFarland, Kelley, Oates, John F., Sunderland-Groves, Jacqueline L., Orkin, Joseph, Higham, James P., Viaud-Martinez, Karine A., Lizano, Esther, Marques-Bonet, Tomas, Alvarez-Estape, Marina, Pawar, Harvinder, Fontsere, Claudia, Trujillo, Amber E., Gunson, Jessica L., Bergl, Richard A., Bermejo, Magdalena, Linder, Joshua M., McFarland, Kelley, Oates, John F., Sunderland-Groves, Jacqueline L., Orkin, Joseph, Higham, James P., Viaud-Martinez, Karine A., Lizano, Esther, and Marques-Bonet, Tomas

Abstract

The critically endangered western gorillas (Gorilla gorilla) are divided into two subspecies: the western lowland (G. g. gorilla) and the Cross River (G. g. diehli) gorilla. Given the difficulty in sampling wild great ape populations and the small estimated size of the Cross River gorilla population, only one whole genome of a Cross River gorilla has been sequenced to date, hindering the study of this subspecies at the population level. In this study, we expand the number of whole genomes available for wild western gorillas, generating 41 new genomes (25 belonging to Cross River gorillas) using single shed hairs collected from gorilla nests. By combining these genomes with publicly available wild gorilla genomes, we confirm that Cross River gorillas form three population clusters. We also found little variation in genome-wide heterozygosity among them. Our analyses reveal long runs of homozygosity (>10 Mb), indicating recent inbreeding in Cross River gorillas. This is similar to that seen in mountain gorillas but with a much more recent bottleneck. We also detect past gene flow between two Cross River sites, Afi Mountain Wildlife Sanctuary and the Mbe Mountains. Furthermore, we observe past allele sharing between Cross River gorillas and the northern western lowland gorilla sites, as well as with the eastern gorilla species. This is the first study using single shed hairs from a wild species for whole genome sequencing to date. Taken together, our results highlight the importance of implementing conservation measures to increase connectivity among Cross River gorilla sites.

Published
2023

6. Past Connectivity but Recent Inbreeding in Cross River Gorillas Determined Using Whole Genomes from Single Hairs

Author

Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, European Research Council, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Fundación la Caixa, Alvarez-Estape, Marina [0000-0001-8242-1092], Fontsere, Claudia [0000-0003-2233-6026], Lizano, Esther [0000-0003-3304-9807], Marqués-Bonet, Tomàs [0000-0002-5597-3075], Alvarez-Estape, Marina, Pawar, Harvinder, Fontsere, Claudia, Trujillo, Amber E., Gunson, Jessica L., Bergl, Richard A., Bermejo, Magdalena, Linder, Joshua M., McFarland, Kelley, Oates, John F., Sunderland-Groves, Jacqueline L., Orkin, Joseph D., Higham, James P., Viaud-Martinez, Karine A., Lizano, Esther, Marqués-Bonet, Tomàs, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, European Research Council, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Fundación la Caixa, Alvarez-Estape, Marina [0000-0001-8242-1092], Fontsere, Claudia [0000-0003-2233-6026], Lizano, Esther [0000-0003-3304-9807], Marqués-Bonet, Tomàs [0000-0002-5597-3075], Alvarez-Estape, Marina, Pawar, Harvinder, Fontsere, Claudia, Trujillo, Amber E., Gunson, Jessica L., Bergl, Richard A., Bermejo, Magdalena, Linder, Joshua M., McFarland, Kelley, Oates, John F., Sunderland-Groves, Jacqueline L., Orkin, Joseph D., Higham, James P., Viaud-Martinez, Karine A., Lizano, Esther, and Marqués-Bonet, Tomàs

Abstract

The critically endangered western gorillas (Gorilla gorilla) are divided into two subspecies: the western lowland (G. g. gorilla) and the Cross River (G. g. diehli) gorilla. Given the difficulty in sampling wild great ape populations and the small estimated size of the Cross River gorilla population, only one whole genome of a Cross River gorilla has been sequenced to date, hindering the study of this subspecies at the population level. In this study, we expand the number of whole genomes available for wild western gorillas, generating 41 new genomes (25 belonging to Cross River gorillas) using single shed hairs collected from gorilla nests. By combining these genomes with publicly available wild gorilla genomes, we confirm that Cross River gorillas form three population clusters. We also found little variation in genome-wide heterozygosity among them. Our analyses reveal long runs of homozygosity (>10 Mb), indicating recent inbreeding in Cross River gorillas. This is similar to that seen in mountain gorillas but with a much more recent bottleneck. We also detect past gene flow between two Cross River sites, Afi Mountain Wildlife Sanctuary and the Mbe Mountains. Furthermore, we observe past allele sharing between Cross River gorillas and the northern western lowland gorilla sites, as well as with the eastern gorilla species. This is the first study using single shed hairs from a wild species for whole genome sequencing to date. Taken together, our results highlight the importance of implementing conservation measures to increase connectivity among Cross River gorilla sites.

Published
2023

8. Secrets of Western Lowland Gorilla highly social behavior revealed

Author

Forcina, Giovanni, Vallet, Dominique, Gouar, Pascaline J. Le, Bernardo-Madrid, Rubèn, Illera, Germán, Molina-Vacas, Guillem, Dréano, Stephane, Revilla, Eloy, Rodríguez-Teijeiro, José Domingo, Ménard, Nelly, Bermejo, Magdalena, Vilà, Carles, National University of Singapore (NUS), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Station Biologique de Paimpont CNRS UMR 6653 (OSUR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR), Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), ECOFAC, Universidad de Barcelona, Department of Integrative Ecology (CSIC), Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), and Briand, Valerie

Subjects
[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

Gorilla Journal 58, pp. 13-15

Published
2020

9. Wild animal mortality monitoring and human Ebola outbreaks, Gabon and Republic of Congo, 2001-2003

Author

Rouquet, Pierre, Froment, Jean-Marc, Bermejo, Magdalena, Kilbourn, Annelisa, Karesh, William, Reed, Patricia, Kumulungui, Brice, Yaba, Philippe, Delicat, Andre, Rollin, Pierre E., and Leroy, Eric M.

Subjects
RNA viruses -- Development and progression, Ebola virus -- Development and progression
Abstract

All human Ebola virus outbreaks during 2001-2003 in the forest zone between Gabon and Republic of Congo resulted from handling infected wild animal carcasses. After the first outbreak, we created [...]

Published
2005

10. Western gorilla diet: A synthesis from six sites

Author

Rogers, Elizabeth M., Abernethy, Kate, Bermejo, Magdalena, Cipolletta, Chloe, Doran, Diane, Tutin, Caroline E.G., Remis, Melissa, Nishihara, Tomoaki, and McFarland, Kelley

Subjects
Gorillas -- Food and nutrition, Habitat selection, Anthropology/archeology/folklore, Biological sciences, Health, Psychology and mental health
Abstract

The information on western gorilla diet is collated from six study sites including information form Afi and Lossi sites where studies of diet are revealed. Important staple, seasonal, and fallback foods are identified and a number of striking similarities across sites are revealed.

Published
2004

12. Supplementary Material from From groups to communities in western lowland gorillas

Author

Forcina, Giovanni, Vallet, Dominique, Gouar, Pascaline J. Le, Bernardo-Madrid, Rubén, Illera, Germán, Molina-Vacas, Guillem, Dréano, Stéphane, Revilla, Eloy, Rodríguez-Teijeiro, José Domingo, Ménard, Nelly, Bermejo, Magdalena, and Vilà, Carles

Abstract

Social networks are the result of interactions between individuals at different temporal scales. Thus, sporadic intergroup encounters and individual forays play a central role in defining the dynamics of populations in social species. We assessed the rate of intergroup encounters for three western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) groups with daily observations over 5 years, and non-invasively genotyped a larger population over four months. Both approaches revealed a social system much more dynamic than anticipated, with non-aggressive intergroup encounters that involved social play by immature individuals, exchanges of members between groups likely modulated by kinship, and absence of infanticide evidenced by infants not fathered by the silverback of the group where they were found. This resulted in a community composed of groups that interacted frequently and non-aggressively, contrasting with the more fragmented and aggressive mountain gorilla (G. beringei beringei) societies. Such extended sociality can promote the sharing of behavioural and cultural traits, but might also increase the susceptibility of western lowland gorillas to infectious diseases that have decimated their populations in recent times.

Published
2019
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13. Catastrophic ape decline in western equatorial Africa

Author

Walsh, Peter D., Abernethy, Kate A., Bermejo, Magdalena, Beyers, Rene, De Wachter, Pauwel, Akou, Marc Ella, Huijbregts, Bas, Mambounga, Daniel Idiata, Toham, Andre Kamdem, Kilbourn, Annelisa M., Lahm, Sally A., Latour, Stefanie, Maisels, Fiona, Mbina, Christian, Mihindou, Yves, Ndong Obiang, Sosthène, Effa, Ernestine Ntsame, Starkey, Malcolm P., Telfer, Paul, Thibault, Marc, Tutin, Caroline E. G., White, Lee J. T., and Wilkie, David S.

Published
2003

14. Mobility patterns and social structure unveiled by non-invasive genotyping in the western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)

Author

Giovanni, Forcina, Vallet, Dominique, Le Gouar, P., Revilla, Eloy, Bernardo, Ruben, Rodriguez-Teijeiro, José Domingo, Illera, German, Ménard, Nelly, Vilà, Carles, Bermejo, Magdalena, Briand, Valerie, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station Biologique de Paimpont CNRS UMR 6653 (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), and Université de Rennes 1 (UR1)

Subjects
[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2017

15. Parentesco y patrones de movilidad desvelan redes sociales modulares en el gorila occidental de llanura (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)

Author

Forcina, Giovanni, Vallet, Dominique, Le Gouar, P., Revilla, Eloy, Bernardo-Madrid, Ruben, Rodriguez-Teijeiro, José Domingo, Molina-Vacas, G., Illera, German, Ménard, Nelly, Vilà, Carles, Bermejo, Magdalena, National University of Singapore (NUS), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station Biologique de Paimpont CNRS UMR 6653 (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR), Department of Integrative Ecology (CSIC), Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), ECOFAC, Universidad de Barcelona, Briand, Valerie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), and Université de Rennes 1 (UR1)

Subjects
[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2017

16. Influence of social systems and population dynamics on the evolutionary responses to environmental pressures: A case study in western lowland gorillas

Author

Baudouin, Alice, Rousseau, Hélène, Vallet, Dominique, Petit, Eric J., Boutte, Julien, Salmon, Armel, Bermejo, Magdalena, Rodriguez-Teijeiro, José Domingo, Bonet-Arboli, Victor, Corell, Roser Farres, Knapp, Leslie, Ménard, Nelly, Gouar, Pascaline Le, Station Biologique de Paimpont CNRS UMR 6653 (OSUR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), ECOFAC, Universidad de Barcelona, Society for Conservation Biology Global (SCB). Washington, D.C., USA., Briand, Valerie, Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience; The group of genes coding for the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are among the most polymorphic ones because they are involved in pathogens' defense. A high MHC variability improves the defense of individuals against a large range of pathogens and contributes to population sustainability. Population demographic crash is expected to strongly negatively affect the diversity of MHC. However, in social species, the type of social system is additional factor acting on the redistribution of MHC genes. Indeed, MHC is supposed to play a role in mate choice, although behavioral mechanisms (through olfactory communication or recognition of kinship) remain to be specified. We studied changes in MHC variability in a western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) population that suffered from a demographic crash due to Ebola epidemics. In this species, groups include only one dominant male that monopolizes the reproduction of its females. During natal or secondary dispersal, females join a solitary male or a new harem where they reproduce. We aimed at understanding the influence of gorilla social system on the effects of Ebola disturbance on MHC variability. We collected data on population structure and group composition through a long term monitoring of this population before and after Ebola and we used noninvasive DNA (i.e. feces) genetic analyses in order to investigate the intra and inter-group MHC variability before and after Ebola, and mate choice. We developed MHC haplotyping in gorillas using NGS and DGGE sequencing and a linked microsatellite. Preliminary results suggest that formation of new groups by solitary males after Ebola, possibly related to female mate choice, explained the changes in MHC variability. Applying this approach to other primate species with different social systems and different environmental pressures will allow to determine general patterns of the relative role of social and environmental pressure on MHC variability.

Published
2015

17. A New Approach for Monitoring Ebolavirus in Wild Great Apes

Author

Reed, Patricia E., primary, Mulangu, Sabue, additional, Cameron, Kenneth N., additional, Ondzie, Alain U., additional, Joly, Damien, additional, Bermejo, Magdalena, additional, Rouquet, Pierre, additional, Fabozzi, Giulia, additional, Bailey, Michael, additional, Shen, Zhimin, additional, Keele, Brandon F., additional, Hahn, Beatrice, additional, Karesh, William B., additional, and Sullivan, Nancy J., additional

Published
2014
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21. Western gorilla social structure and inter-group dynamics

Author

Morrison, Robin, Dunn, Jacob, Walsh, Peter, and Bermejo, Magdalena

Subjects
599.884, Social structure, multi-level, hierarchical, gorillas, society, western lowland gorilla, hominid, social evolution, kinship, disease transmission, territoriality, camera trap, ranging, movement dynamics
Abstract

The study of western gorilla social behaviour has primarily focused on family groups, with research on inter-group interactions usually limited to the interactions of a small number of habituated groups or those taking place in a single location. Key reasons for this are the high investment of time and money required to habituate and monitor many groups simultaneously, and the difficulties of making observations on inter-group social interaction in dense tropical rainforest. However, gorilla groups are known to have extensively overlapping home ranges, show affiliative inter-group interactions and often aggregate at resource hotspots. There is also genetic evidence of kin-biased behaviour between dispersed kin. This is all suggestive of a complex society in which inter-group interactions may follow an underlying multi-level social structure where affiliations are influenced by kinship, social exposure, ranging patterns, territoriality or foraging decisions. This thesis investigates the large scale society of western lowland gorillas, using novel technologies and analytical methods to overcome the considerable difficulties in studying large numbers of gorillas simultaneously. I use biases in movement patterns to investigate the cognitive rules used, and decisions made by this intelligent, social species, to navigate the limited space and resources they share with their neighbours. Using observational data from two forest clearings in the Republic of Congo, I quantify community structure by network modularity analysis and hierarchical clustering, demonstrating the presence of kin-based multi-level social structure in western lowland gorilla. The sizes of these gorilla social units follow a hierarchical scaling pattern similar to that observed in other mammalian multi-level societies including humans. The social structure detected at these forest clearings is consistent with a super-spreader structure, suggesting that clearings may act as important transmission hubs for disease, novel ideas, behaviour or culture. This demonstrates that intervention strategies targeting gorillas with home ranges near to forest clearings, particularly solitary males, may be highly effective for limiting the transmission of certain diseases. Modelling the movement patterns of a gorilla population across their ranges using camera trap data demonstrates that gorilla groups appear to actively avoid one another, both through avoidance of other groups at resource hotspots, and avoidance of areas regularly used by other groups. Gorilla groups visit sites less often the closer they are to another group's home range centre, with groups avoiding larger, more dominant group's home range centres to a greater extent. This, along with the increased avoidance of visiting a location on the same day as another group when close to their home range centre, is highly suggestive of the presence of territorial defence in western gorillas. The findings in this thesis demonstrate the presence of a kin-based multi-level social structure in western gorillas, with considerable similarities to that present in humans, suggesting that a key component of human social complexity may have evolved far earlier than previously asserted. They suggest that the social brain enhancements observed within the hominin lineage were not necessary to enable human multi-level social structure. I show that western gorillas demonstrate biases in their movement patterns consistent with the presence of some broader elements of territoriality, with regions of priority or even exclusive use, close to their home range centres. My findings strongly emphasise the importance of gorillas as a model system for human social evolution. This is due to both the common underlying multi-level social structure and the considerable similarities in inter-group territorial dynamics. In contrast to previous assumptions that interactions between gorilla groups are primarily random or due to aggressive mate competition, I find that these interactions appear to be based around a complex social structure influenced by kinship, territoriality and dominance.

Published
2019
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22. Multiple Ebola Virus Transmission Events and Rapid Declineof Central African Wildlife.

Author

Leroy, Eric M., Rouquet, Pierre, Formenty, Pierre, Souquière, Sandrine, Kilbourne, Annelisa, Froment, Jean-Marc, Bermejo, Magdalena, Smit, Sheilag, Karesh, William, Swanepoel, Robert, Zaki, Sherif R., and Rollin, Pierre E.

Subjects
*EBOLA virus disease, *EPIDEMICS, *ANIMALS
Abstract

Several human and animal Ebola outbreaks have occurred over the past 4 years in Gabon and the Republic of Congo. The human outbreaks consisted of multiple simultaneous epidemics caused by different viral strains, and each epidemic resulted from the handling of a distinct gorilla, chimpanzee, or duiker carcass. These animal populations declined markedly during human Ebola outbreaks, apparently as a result of Ebola infection. Recovered carcasses were infected by a variety of Ebola strains, suggesting that Ebola outbreaks in great apes result from multiple virus introductions from the natural host. Surveillance of animal mortality may help to predict and prevent human Ebola outbreaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2004
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