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7. [Protease-resistant prion protein (PrPres) in the blood of offspring of cows that developed BSE].

Author

Braun U, Tschuor A, Hässig M, Franitza S, Berli E, El Gedaily A, Franscini N, Matthey U, and Zahn R

Subjects
Animals, Animals, Newborn, Cattle, Disease Transmission, Infectious veterinary, Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform drug therapy, Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform transmission, Female, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical veterinary, Male, PrPSc Proteins metabolism, PrPSc Proteins pathogenicity, Prion Diseases blood, Prion Diseases drug therapy, Prion Diseases transmission, Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform blood, Peptide Hydrolases pharmacology, PrPSc Proteins drug effects, Prion Diseases veterinary
Abstract

The goal of the present study was to investigate whether protease-resistant prion protein (PrPres) occurs in plasma samples of offspring of cows that developed bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE; group A) and to compare the prevalence with that of a healthy control group in 2006 (Group B). Group A consisted of 181 offspring of cows that developed BSE and group B consisted of 240 healthy animals from a region in Switzerland where no cases of BSE occurred from 2001 to the end of 2006. All plasma samples were evaluated using Alicon PrioTrap, an antemortem test for PrPres. The time between birth of the offspring and onset of BSE in the dam was calculated to determine its relationship with the presence of PrPres in the plasma of the offspring. From 181 offspring, 29 (16.1%) had PrPres-positive plasma samples. Offspring that were born within one year of the onset of BSE in the dam had a significantly higher prevalence of PrPres-positive plasma samples than those born more than one year before the onset of BSE in the dam. Ten (4.2%) of 240 control cattle had PrPres-positive plasma samples. Thus, PrPres can be detected in bovine blood and occurs more frequently in the offspring of cows that develop BSE than in cattle of a healthy control population.

Published
2009
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8. Shifts in cell-associated HIV-1 RNA but not in episomal HIV-1 DNA correlate with new cycles of HIV-1 infection in vivo.

Author

Fischer M, Trkola A, Joos B, Hafner R, Joller H, Muesing MA, Kaufman DR, Berli E, Hirschel B, Weber R, and Günthard HF

Subjects
Anti-HIV Agents administration & dosage, Biomarkers blood, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes drug effects, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes virology, Cell Extracts genetics, Cells, Cultured, Drug Therapy, Combination, HIV Infections blood, HIV Long Terminal Repeat, HIV-1 chemistry, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Prospective Studies, Virus Replication, Anti-HIV Agents therapeutic use, DNA, Viral blood, HIV Infections drug therapy, HIV-1 genetics, Leukocytes, Mononuclear virology, RNA, Viral blood
Abstract

The significance of distinct classes of HIV-1 nucleic acids as correlates of recent HIV-1 replication was assessed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from 14 patients during 2 weeks of structured interruption of antiretroviral therapy (STI) and 2 weeks of resuming therapy. Levels of HIV RNA in plasma (HIV-RNAplasma) and of unspliced cell-associated HIV-1 RNA (HIV-UsRNAPBMC) were significantly increased as a result of STI, whereas no significant shifts in the levels of 2-LTR episomal HIV-1 DNA (2-LTR circles) and total late HIV-1 reverse transcripts (late-DNA) were observed. Thus, limited viral replication had occurred, which had no effect on the pool size of infected cells in the periphery. Levels of 2-LTR circles did not reflect rapid changes in HIV-1 replication. In contrast, expression of HIV-UsRNAPBMC increased during STI and consequently provides a more sensitive, albeit not absolute cellular marker of ongoing HIV-1 replication.

Published
2003

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