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Gout attacks are among the fairly frequent situations requiring primary care, the management of which is essential due to the pain and major functional disability that they cause. However, gout disease does not disappear after treatment of the gout attack. Hyperuricemia can lead to many other complications, including rheumatological, metabolic, cardiovascular and renal. The question therefore arises, beyond the treatment of acute gout attacks, of a new look at gout disease and the importance of a uric acid-lowering background treatment. What data are available: hyperuricemia, a simple association or an independent risk factor to be considered as such? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection and hospitalization in children. Globally, in 2019, there were an estimated 33 million acute respiratory infections associated with RSV, resulting in 3.6 million pediatric hospitalizations. People 65 years and older are also at risk for severe RSV infection with an estimated 5.2 million cases, 470,000 hospitalizations, and 33,000 hospital deaths among adults ≥ 60 years in high-income countries pupil. A vaccine has just been authorized for pregnant women to prevent RSV infections in infants and two other vaccines (only one of which is marketed in France) for the elderly. What to expect from vaccination? How effective? How long does the protection last? What side effects? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Médecine is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In France, 49% of adults are overweight and 17% are obese [1]. Its prevalence is increasing in the entire population and much more rapidly in children. Data among 3rd grade adolescents show an increase in overweight and obesity of 20% and 5.4% respectively among girls and 17% and 4.7% among boys [2]. Several types of intervention are proposed to combat obesity, lifestyle interventions, combating a sedentary lifestyle, diet control, medication prescriptions. Anti-obesity drugs have shown great variability in their effectiveness in terms of weight loss, ranging from 5% to 12% in various randomized controlled trials and depending on clinical contexts [3]. Two Glucagon-like peptide1 analog drugs, indicated in the treatment of insufficiently controlled type 2 diabetes, semaglutide and liraglutide, are used in obese or overweight non-diabetic adult patients. For what benefit and what disadvantages? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The annual incidence of herpes zoster is estimated at 382 cases per 100,000 people and increases proportionally with age, from 157 per 100,000 between 15 and 24 years to 1 077 between 85 and 94 years [1]. Vaccination aims to reduce its incidence and its complications, particularly ophthalmological and pain-related, which are formidable in the elderly. Two vaccines are currently available: a live attenuated vaccine – Zostavax® marketed in France since 2015 – and more recently a recombinant vaccine – Shingrix® available since October 2023. What data can guide the choice between these two types of vaccines? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Médecine is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Médecine is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The recent availability in France of two sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2 (SGLT2i) inhibitors, empaglifozine and dapagliflozine, both in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and heart failure with fraction d reduced ejection, is based on very encouraging results from initial trials. They have also shown a protective effect against the progression of renal failure. These trials are consistent with real-life observations in countries where they were marketed earlier, with in particular a reduction in all-cause mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Médecine is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Médecine is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The discovery of messenger RNA (mRNA) follows two major steps in biology [1] : – The Nobels Crick, Watson and Wilkins described in 1953 the double helix structure of DNA, constituting genes in the nucleus of cells which contains the genetic heritage of all forms of life. The role of DNA is to store all the genetic information the organism needs to grow, function and reproduce. – The Nobels Jacob, Lwolf and Monod (Pasteur Institute) described in 1960 the regulation of gene activity and the role of mRNA. To ensure protein synthesis and all cellular processes, genetic information, a combination of amino acids contained in DNA, is transmitted by mRNA. This mRNA makes a copy of the information (transcription) which is retrieved and decoded in the cytoplasm of the cells by the ribosomes responsible for manufacturing proteins (translation). This genetic coding is identical in all living beings. DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose. RNA contains a different sugar, ribose, which is chemically unstable. It is destroyed in a few hours after its synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: La quatrième vague de l'épidémie de SARS-CoV-2 due à la propagation dominante du variant delta à l'été et l'automne 2021 a été caractérisée par une incidence élevée de formes sévères, d'hospitalisations et de décès majoritairement au sein de la population non vaccinée. Malgré les progrès de la vaccination, dans le contexte d'une cinquième vague et de l'émergence du variant Omicron, puis de son sous variant BA.2 particulièrement contagieux, la fréquence croissante des contaminations observées chez des personnes partiellement, voire totalement vaccinées, notamment au sein des pays ayant les taux de couverture vaccinale les plus élevés (Malte, Islande, Danemark, Israël) conduit à se poser la question de l'immunité conférée soit par la maladie, soit par la vaccination, et la justification de doses de rappel. The 4th wave of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic due to the dominant spread of the delta variant in the summer and autumn of 2021 was characterized by a high incidence of severe forms, hospitalizations and deaths mainly within of the unvaccinated population. Despite progress in vaccination, in the context of a 5th wave and the emergence of the Omicron variant, then of its particularly contagious BA.2 sub-variant, the increasing frequency of contaminations observed in partially or even fully vaccinated people, in particular in countries with the highest vaccination coverage rates (Malta, Iceland, Denmark, Israel) raises the question of the immunity conferred either by the disease or by vaccination, and the justification of booster doses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Dans la plupart des cas les signes de la Covid disparaissent complètement en 2 à 3 semaines, mais certains malades, qu'ils aient été hospitalisés ou non, peuvent ressentir des symptômes bien au-delà, sans qu'ils soient expliqués par une autre maladie. Les données probantes dont on dispose actuellement laissent entendre qu'environ 10 % à 20 % de ces personnes éprouvent par la suite divers effets à moyen et à long terme. On parle alors pour ces effets à moyen et à long terme d'affection post-Covid-19 ou de « Covid-19 de longue durée ». Mais que sait-on sur ces symptômes prolongés du Covid-19 et de quoi parle-t-on ? In most cases the signs of Covid disappear completely in 2 to 3 weeks, but some patients, whether they have been hospitalized or not, can experience symptoms well beyond that, without being explained by another disease. Current evidence suggests that approximately 10% to 20 % of these individuals subsequently experience various medium- and long-term effects. These medium and long-term effects are then referred to as post-COVID-19 illness or "long-term COVID-19". But what do we know about these prolonged symptoms of COVID-19 and what are we talking about? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: L'insuffisance et le retard au diagnostic de l'endométriose sont soulignés aussi bien dans les médias grand public que dans la presse médicale comme un scandale de santé publique, en raison des douleurs et de l'infertilité qui lui sont dues et touchent plus de 10 % des femmes en âge de procréer. La présence de facteurs inflammatoires, génétiques et épigénétiques sous-tend la notion que l'endométriose est chez certaines femmes présente « toute la vie », mais ces notions n'ont pas encore de traduction thérapeutique. Que sait-on des évolutions du traitement médical et de leur efficacité thérapeutique ? The failure and delayed diagnosis of endometriosis is highlighted in both the mainstream media and the medical press as a public health scandal, due to the pain and infertility caused by it affecting more than 10 % of women of childbearing age. The presence of inflammatory, genetic and epigenetic factors underlies the notion that endometriosis is present in some women "for life", but these notions do not yet have a therapeutic translation. What do we know about developments in medical treatment and their therapeutic effectiveness? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Les jeunes enfants, les enfants d'âge scolaire et les adolescents infectés par le SARS-CoV-2 ont généralement des symptômes moins nombreux et plus légers que les adultes et sont moins susceptibles de présenter des formes graves de la Covid-19. Parmi les cas ventilés par âge signalés à l'OMS du 30 décembre 2019 au 13 septembre 2021, les enfants de moins de 5 ans représentaient 1,8 % (1 695 265) de tous les cas et 0,1 % (1 721) de tous les décès enregistrés à l'échelle mondiale. Plus âgés, entre 5 et 14 ans, ils représentaient 6,3 % (6 020 084) de tous les cas et 0,1 % (1 245) de tous les décès, tandis que les adolescents plus âgés et les jeunes adultes (15 à 24 ans) représentaient 14,5 % (13 647 211) des cas et 0,4 % (6 436) des décès [1]. Young children, school-aged children and adolescents infected with SARS-CoV-2 generally have fewer and milder symptoms than adults and are less likely to have severe forms of Covid-19. Among the age-disaggregated cases reported to WHO from December 30, 2019 to September 13, 2021, children under 5 accounted for 1.8% (1,695,265) of all cases and 0.1% (1,721) of all deaths recorded worldwide. Older between 5 and 14 years old they accounted for 6.3% (6,020,084) of all cases and 0.1% (1,245) of all deaths, while older adolescents and young adults (15 to 24 years) accounted for 14.5% (13,647,211) of cases and 0.4% (6,436) of deaths [1]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: En l'absence de traitements spécifiques et d'autres mesures pour enrayer la pandémie de Covid-19 la majorité des états, dont la France, ont été amenés à décréter un certain nombre de mesures coercitives et de restriction des libertés : imposition de mesures barrières (port du masque obligatoire dans tous les lieux et espaces publics) et confinement, modifiant brutalement et sans préparation les habitudes, interdisant les déplacements et perturbant toutes les interactions sociales (commerces, loisirs, culture ...). Au-delà des bénéfices attendus en termes de réduction de la mortalité et de sauvegarde du système de soins quelles ont été les autres répercussions notamment sur la santé et la qualité de vie en général ? Serait-ce aussi l'occasion de changements bénéfiques plus ou moins durables ? Quels enseignements en retenir ? In the absence of specific treatments and other measures to curb the COVID-19 pandemic, the majority of states, including France, have been led to decree a certain number of coercive measures and restriction of freedoms: imposition of barrier measures (wearing a mask compulsory in all places and public spaces) and confinement, suddenly and without preparation modifying habits, prohibiting travel and disrupting all social interactions (shopping, leisure, culture, etc.). Beyond the expected benefits in terms of reducing mortality and safeguarding the healthcare system, what have been the other repercussions, in particular on health and quality of life in general? Could this also be the occasion for more or less lasting beneficial changes? What lessons can we learn from it? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: La durée et l'intensité des crises migraineuses varient d'un patient à l'autre, ainsi que le handicap personnel, familial et social qui en résulte. Cette hétérogénéité explique sans doute en partie les grandes variations pour le recours aux soins. Aucune des molécules dont l'efficacité a été démontrée n'a fait la preuve de sa supériorité par rapport aux autres. Le choix repose donc sur les comorbidités, les effets indésirables potentiels, les interactions et les autres produits reçus par le patient. L'éducation du patient et la recherche des facteurs déclenchants sont à la base du traitement préventif des crises. Quel intérêt des nouveaux antimigraineux ? Qu'en est-il des traitements de fond non pharmacologiques ? Duration and intensity of migraine attacks vary from patient to patient, as does the resulting personal, family and social handicap. This heterogeneity undoubtedly partly explains the large variations in the use of care. None of the molecules whose efficacy has been demonstrated has proved its superiority over the others. The choice is therefore based on comorbidities, potential adverse effects, interactions and other products received by the patient. Patient education and research into triggering factors are the basis of the preventive treatment of seizures. What interest of the new anti-migraine drugs? What about non-pharmacological treatments? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Dans la prévention des accidents vasculaires cérébraux conséquences de la fibrillation auriculaire non valvulaire (FANV) et le traitement et la prévention des événements thromboemboliques veineux (ETEV), l'introduction sur le marché des anticoagulants de la nouvelle classe des anticoagulants oraux directs a fait l'objet de polémiques multiples sur leur sécurité et leur efficacité. Les grands essais cliniques randomisés, rassurants sur ces objectifs, apportaient des données sur des populations sélectionnées et étaient sponsorisés par les laboratoires concernés par leur commercialisation. Après une dizaine d'années d'usage large, y compris chez des populations âgées polypathologiques et polymédicamentées, les données sur leur efficacité et leur sécurité se sont étoffées, en particulier par des études observationnelles, en population réelle, initiées par les différents systèmes d'assurance santé. In the prevention of stroke consequences of non-valvular atrial fibrillation (FANV) and the treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolic events (VTE), the introduction to the market of anticoagulants of the new class of direct oral anticoagulants has led to the subject of multiple controversies over their safety and effectiveness. The large randomized clinical trials, reassuring on these objectives, provided data on selected populations and were sponsored by the laboratories concerned by their marketing. After ten years of widespread use, including in elderly populations with multiple pathologies and polymedicated drugs, the data on their effectiveness and their safety have grown, in particular through observational studies, in real populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Plus de 30 ans après le début de l'épidémie mondiale du SIDA environ 37 millions de personnes vivent actuellement avec le VIH [1]. Plus de 2,7 millions de personnes sont infectées chaque année et 1 million en sont décédées en 2017. Cette même année en France 30 % des personnes ont été diagnostiquées à un stade avancé de l'infection à VIH [2]. La prophylaxie pré-exposition (PrEP) est une stratégie prometteuse de prévention de l'infection chez des personnes séronégatives exposées à un risque important de transmission du fait de leurs pratiques sexuelles. Mais quels peuvent être les répercussions sur les comportements sexuels et quels peuvent être les risques de développement de résistances ? More than 30 years after the start of the global AIDS epidemic an estimated 37 million people are currently living with HIV [1]. More than 2.7 million people are infected each year and 1 million died in 2017. That same year in France 30% of people were diagnosed at an advanced stage of HIV infection [2]. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a promising strategy for preventing infection in HIV-negative people at significant risk of transmission through their sexual practices. But what could be the repercussions on sexual behavior and what could be the risks of developing resistance? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Les violences conjugales (VC) sont un phénomène d'ampleur bien reconnu et constituent en France un véritable enjeu de santé publique. En 2019 selon un rapport du ministère de l'intérieur 173 faits de morts violentes au sein du couple ont été recensés, contre 149 en 2018 (+16 %). Ainsi, un décès criminel survient au sein du couple tous les deux jours et demi et une femme décède sous les coups de son partenaire ou de son ex-partenaire tous les trois jours. Ces faits représentent 20 % des 850 homicides et violences volontaires ayant entraîné la mort sans intention de la donner enregistrés en France en 2019. De très nombreuses associations et les pouvoirs publics sont mobilisés pour venir en aide aux victimes. Une nouvelle loi a été votée en Juillet 2020 visant à protéger les victimes de violences conjugales ; elle peut participer à une meilleure prise en charge de ces violences. Cependant, le repérage des VC reste encore à ce jour insuffisant. Une minorité de femmes évoquent spontanément les violences subies. Le médecin généraliste est l'un de leurs premiers interlocuteurs. Son rôle est essentiel dans le dépistage, l'information et l'orientation pour les aider activement à organiser leur sécurité, à composer avec la violence et à prendre des mesures pour la réduire. Domestic violence (IP) is a widely recognized phenomenon and constitutes a real public health issue in France. In 2019, according to a report from the Ministry of the Interior, 173 incidents of violent death within the couple were recorded, against 149 in 2018 (+16%). Thus, a criminal death occurs within the couple every two and a half days and a woman dies under the blows of her partner or her ex-partner every three days. These facts represent 20 % of the 850 homicides and intentional violence that resulted in death without intention of giving it recorded in France in 2019. Numerous associations and public authorities are mobilized to come to the aid of the victims. A new law was passed in July 2020 aimed at protecting victims of domestic violence; it can participate in better management of this violence. However, the identification of VCs is still insufficient to this day. A minority of women spontaneously evoke the violence suffered. The general practitioner is one of their first contacts. Its role is essential in screening, information and referral to actively help them organize their safety, cope with violence and take action to reduce it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Le SARS-CoV-2, responsable de la maladie COVID-19, est un virus très contagieux qui se propage principalement par contact étroit avec des personnes infectées. L'OMS recommande de ne pas porter systématiquement de masques en milieu communautaire en raison du manque de preuves. Les masques sont très communément utilisés, indépendamment même de tout contexte épidémique, dans les pays d'Asie. La France, après plusieurs hésitations et des avis divergeants, notamment de l'Académie de Médecine, recommande, au moment du déconfinement, comme d'autres pays, le port large du masque dans l'espace publique et au sein du foyer en cas de personne malade. Quelques questions se posent à propos de l'efficacité de ces mesures ? SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID 19 disease, is a highly contagious virus that is spread mainly through close contact with infected people. The WHO recommends that community masks should not be worn systematically due to the lack of evidence. Masks are very commonly used, regardless of any epidemic context, in Asian countries. France, after several hesitations and diverging opinions, in particular from the Academy of Medicine, recommends, at the time of deconfinement, like other countries, the wide wearing of the mask in public space and within the home in case of sick person. Are there any questions about the effectiveness of these measures ? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: La pratique du dépistage du cancer du col utérin (CCU) repose actuellement, selon les recommandations, sur la réalisation d'une cytologie (frottis cervico-utérin – FCU) tous les trois ans chez les femmes asymptomatiques âgées de 25 à 65 ans mais toutes les études confirment l'insuffisance de ce dépistage et son hétérogénéité selon les populations. De nouveaux outils sont proposés pour le dépistage, notamment la recherche HPV. Quelles sont leurs performances comparativement à la technique classique du FCU avec analyse cytologique ? The practice of cervical cancer screening (CCU) is currently based, according to the recommendations, on performing a cytology (cervical smear – FCU) every three years in asymptomatic women aged 25 to 65 years but all studies confirm the inadequacy of this screening and its heterogeneity according to the populations. New tools are offered for screening, including HPV research. What are their performances compared to the classic FCU technique with cytological analysis? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Médecine is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé: Le tabagisme est un facteur de risque et de gravité pour les maladies respiratoires. La COVID-19 se caractérise par des atteintes respiratoires pouvant être sévères. Quel est le risque d'être infecté pour un fumeur ? Y a-t-il une différence entre anciens fumeurs et fumeurs actuels ? Existerait-il un effet préventif de la nicotine ? Chez le fumeur ou l'ancien fumeur quelles sont les conséquences de l'infection par le SARS-CoV-2 ? Smoking is a risk and severity factor for respiratory diseases. COVID-19 is characterized by respiratory damage that can be severe. What is the risk of being infected for a smoker? Is there a difference between former smokers and current smokers? Is there a preventive effect of nicotine? In smokers or ex-smokers what are the consequences of infection with SARS-CoV2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Le diabète sucré gestationnel est une intolérance au glucose entraînant une élévation de la glycémie (hyperglycémie), qui se manifeste pour la première fois pendant la grossesse et rentre généralement dans l'ordre après l'accouchement. Mais il est pourvoyeur de complications materno-fœtales à court et long terme. Si la normalisation de la glycémie limite à court terme le risque de macrosomie et de complications obstétricales une amélioration de l'hygiène de vie a une efficacité prouvée sur la prévention à long terme du risque cardiovasculaire. Gestational diabetes mellitus is a glucose intolerance that causes a rise in blood glucose (hyperglycemia), which occurs for the first time during pregnancy and usually returns to normal after delivery. But it is provider of maternal-fetal complications in the short and long term. While the normalization of blood glucose limits the risk of macrosomia and obstetric complications in the short term, an improvement in lifestyle has proven efficacy in the long-term prevention of cardiovascular risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Même si les pratiques ont de plus en plus tendance à se diversifier, la pilule reste la première méthode contraceptive utilisée en France [1]. À côté d'effets bénéfiques hors contraception (régulation des dysménorrhées, amélioration de l'acné selon leur composition), les contraceptifs oraux (CO) ne sont pas sans risque. De nombreuses publications ont analysé le lien entre CO, risque thromboembolique veineux et risque cardiovasculaire. Sur le plus long terme, les CO peuvent-ils influer sur le risque de développement ou d'évolution de certains cancers, notamment les cancers du sein, de l'ovaire ou du col de l'utérus ? Even though practices are more and more likely to diversify, the pill remains the first contraceptive method used in France [1]. Besides beneficial effects outside contraception (regulation of dysmenorrhea, improvement of acne according to their composition) oral contraceptives (OC) are not without risk. Numerous publications have analyzed the link between CO, venous thromboembolism risk and cardiovascular risk. In the longer term, can OCs affect the risk of development or progression of certain cancers, including breast, ovarian or cervical cancers? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Médecine is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Médecine is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since their commercialization at the end of the 1980s and when they were made available in self-service, in the United States (omeprazole) and more recently in Europe (omeprazole, pantoprazole), proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have become essential in the treatment of gastroduodenal peptic disorders, including GERD. Considered harmless they are among the bestselling drugs in the world, most often out of their indications. But reserves have emerged in recent years on the possible serious adverse effects associated with either short-term exposure or long term ones. These included an increased risk of community-acquired pneumonia and, over the longer term, an increased risk of fractures. Dementia, renal failure and cardiovascular risk. What are the indications and undesirable effects in the short and long term? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Médecine is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses articles in the issue on topics including pharmacoepidemiology, pharmaceutical industry and clinical trials.

Résumé: Quelques études ont été effectuées sur l'efficacité des mesures barrière pour la protection des professionnels de santé au contact avec des patients infectés lors d'épidémies de maladies virales à transmission respiratoire comme la grippe saisonnière, le syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère (SRAS) ou le syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (MERS). Elles permettent plus facilement d'associer le contact contaminant et son effet que les études en population générale. Elles ne gomment pas le fait que lors d'épidémies, les soignants sont soumis dans leur vie extraprofessionnelle aux risques communautaires. Some studies have been carried out on the effectiveness of barrier measures for the protection of healthcare professionals in contact with patients infected during epidemics of viral respiratory diseases such as seasonal influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) or Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). They make it easier to associate contaminating contact and its effect than studies in the general population. They do not erase the fact that during epidemics, carers are subject in their extra-professional life to community risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]