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Innovation is essential for the growth and survival of an organisation. Although innovation is viewed as important, managers generally have a vague sense of their company’s innovativeness and which tools that are available to evaluate their capability to innovate. Previous research state that scorecard-based innovation audit tools do have merit in evaluating an organisations capability to innovate, but that there are a number of weaknesses. Problems are raised concerning three areas, the dimensions of which the scorecard is based on, the respondent that is conducting the innovation audit, and the Likert scale which a majority of innovation audit tools are using. Problems in these areas affect the reliability and validity of the tool. The purpose of this study is to investigate the current innovation audit practices by examining employee’s perception of the tool. Further the purpose is to, with the help of literature and qualitative research, propose areas of improvements and bring forth ideas that should be taken into consideration in future development of innovation audit tools. The study is performed as a qualitative study with an iterative approach. Interviews were conducted with nine parties of interest, and the empirical data has been analysed through a thematic analysis. The result show that an organisation’s capability to innovate is hard to measure and that there exists scepticism whether or not an innovation audit tool does manage to do this. Further, problems exist within the identified areas of an innovation audit tool. These problems affect the validity and reliability of the tool. A problem is how the respondent of the innovation audit tool interpret the statements or questions, and how they interpret the scale. Another problem is the self-interest that may exist, depending on who is participating in the audit. Ideas to minimise these problems are brought forward and discussed in order to increase the validity and reliability of the innovation audit tool. Innovation är en förutsättning för en organisations tillväxt och överlevnad. Trots att innovation ses som en viktig förutsättning så har chefer i allmänhet en otydlig bild av deras organisations förmåga att skapa innovation och vilka verktyg som finns tillgängliga för att utvärdera denna förmåga. Forskning visar att scorekort baserade verktyg kan ge värdefulla insikter då en organisations förmåga att skapa innovation utreds. Forskningen visar vidare att det finns svagheter vid den här typen av utvärderingar. Tre problemområden har identifierats. De dimensioner som det scorekort baserade verktyget är baserade på, respondenten som svarar på utvärderingen, samt Likert-skalan som en majoritet av utvärderingsverktygen använder. Problem inom dessa områden påverkar verktygets pålitlighet och giltighet. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka de nuvarande verktyg för utvärdering av förmågan att skapa innovation genom att granska medarbetares uppfattning om verktyget. Vidare är syftet att med hjälp av litteratur och kvalitativ forskning föreslå förbättringsområden och föra fram idéer som bör beaktas vid framtida utveckling av verktyg för att utvärdera förmågan att skapa innovation. Studien utfördes som en kvalitativ forskning med ett iterativt tillvägagångssätt. Intervjuer genomfördes med nio parter av intresse, och empiriska data har analyserats genom en tematisk analys. Resultatet visar att en organisations förmåga att skapa innovation är svår att mäta och att det finns skepsis huruvida ett verktyg för att mäta förmågan att skapa innovation lyckas med detta eller inte. Vidare existerar problem inom de identifierade områdena av utvärderingsverktygen. Dessa problem påverkar verktygets pålitlighet och giltighet. Ett problem är hur respondenten av utvärderingsverktyget tolkar påståendena eller frågorna och hur de tolkar Likert-skalan. Ett annat problem är det självintresse som kan existera, beroende på vem som deltar i utvärderingen. Idéer för att minimera dessa problem framförs och diskuteras för att öka pålitligheten och giltigheten i verktyget.

Automation inom produktion har länge varit en grundpelare för en mer effektiv och resurssnål organisation. De senaste decennierna har krav på resurseffektivitet medfört ett ökat intresse för automatisering av lagerhantering och materialtransport inom tillverkningsanläggningar. Syftet med rapporten är att undersöka och identifiera hur en automatisering av lagerhållningen påverkar resursanvändningen i ett tillverkande företag. Målet är att vår rapport skall kunna användas som introducerande material till automatiserad lagerhållning och dess påverkan på resurser. Ett studiebesök utfördes hos Camfil Svenska AB i Trosa som är ett ledande tillverkningsföretag av luftfilter. År 2016 installerades där en förarlös truck som hanterar transporter mellan råvarulager, produktion och färdigvarulager. I rapporten framgår att de ekonomiska besparingarna är huvudincitamentet för en automatisering av lagerhanteringen, där de framtida besparingarna medför möjligheter för bättre kapitalanvändning, investeringar och ökad lönsamhet för företaget. Utöver ekonomisk påverkan dras även slutsatsen att en automatisering påverkar anställda positivt genom eliminering av farliga arbetsuppgifter inom lagerhantering men även genom den förarlösa truckens effekt som ”5S-vakt”, vilket bringar ökad ordning och säkerhet i produktionsanläggningen. Automation in production has been a cornerstone for a more efficient and resource saving organization for a long time. Over the past few decades, resource efficiency requirements has increased interest in automation of inventory management and material transport within manufacturing facilities. The purpose of the report is to investigate and indentify how automation of inventory management affects resource usage in a manufacturing company. The goal is that our report can be used as introductory material for automated stock holding and its impact on resources within the company. A study visit was conducted at Camfil Svenska AB in Trosa, which is a leading air filter manufacturing company. In 2016 they implemented a driverless forklift that handles transports between commodities, production and finished goods warehouse. The report shows that economic savings are the main incentives for warehousing automation, where future savings provide opportunities for better capital utilization, investments and increased profitability for the company. In addition to economic impact, the conclusion is also that automation affects employees positively through elimination of unsafe work tasks within the warehouse, but also by the unexpected effect of the driverless forklift as a ”5S-guard”, which brings order and safety in the production facility.

Validerat; 20140627 (global_studentproject_submitter)

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Methods for the determination of ship fuel sulphur content and NOx emission factors based on remote measurements have been compared in the harbour of Rotterdam and compared to direct stack emission measurements on the ferry Stena Hollandica. The methods were selected based on a review of the available literature on ship emission measurements. They were either optical (LIDAR, DOAS, UV camera), combined with model based estimates of fuel consumption, or based on the so called ‘sniffer’ principle, where SO2 or NOx emission factors are determined from simultaneous measurement of the increase of CO2 and SO2 or NOx concentrations in the plume of the ship compared to the background. The measurements were performed from stations at land, from a boat and from a helicopter. Mobile measurement platforms were found to have important advantages compared to the landbased ones because they allow to optimize the sampling conditions and to sample from ships on the open sea. Although optical methods can provide reliable results it was found that at the state of the art, the “sniffer” approach is the most convenient technique for determining both SO2 and NOx emission factors remotely. The average random error on the determination of SO2 emission factors comparing two identical instrumental set-ups was 6%. However, it was found that apparently minor differences in the instrumental characteristics, such as response time, could cause significant differences between the emission factors determined. Direct stack measurements showed that about 14% of the fuel sulphur content was not emitted as SO2. This was supported by the remote measurements and is in agreement with the results of other field studies., JRC.H.2-Air and Climate

Many studies have shown that use of the target language second and/ or foreign language (in this case English) teaching has greatly improved students' learning, albeit, not all teachers use the target language exclusively but rather switch between the first and target language. This particular study has shown that the teacher in compulsory school does alternate between the target language and the first language for various reasons, while teachers in upper secondary school exclusively use the target language both within and outside the classroom and there are rarely any occurrences of codeswitching among students and teachers. The reasons for this are, because the content which has been taught has been too difficult for the students to understand, or the students have refused to interact in English with both their teacher and fellow students. The teachers' view on the matter tells us that even though they have tried to exclusively use the target language in the English classroom, it has not been working in the manner they wanted it to have. In order to gather data for this research, seven classroom observations have been carried out and to complement them interviews with three teachers have been conducted to get their view on the use of English in their own teaching and why they think codeswitching occurs among students and themselves.

Safe winter navigation is a hot topic. Not only is the traffic density increasing but theenvironmental considerations are also getting bigger. An oil leakage from a big oiltanker can be of catastrophic proportions in the wrong area and more trafficincreases the risk of an accident. A project that aims for safer winter navigation isSafeWIN. The aim of this project is to develop a forecasting system for compressiveice and thus make winter navigation safer.This thesis is part of above mentioned project and aims to investigate what influenceice compression and ice class has on winter navigation. Vessels are exclusivelyAFRAMAX size tankers sailing on Primorsk in the Gulf of Finland during 2006. Transitdata comes from AIS tracks recorded by the Swedish Maritime Administration. Adatabase with tanker transits has been created and this information is the source forthe studies in this thesis. Included in the database are wind data, ice particulars andtransit information such as speed, and time at different activities during the transit.Average values for a transit has been investigated for comparison and to get a pictureof an average transit.Velocity, waiting time and time with assisting icebreaker are parameters that arebelieved to show how a tanker performs in winter navigation. These parameters arecompared with ice compression and ice class separately to see if there is acorrelation. Ice compression has also been investigated for correlation towards windforce to see if stronger wind generates stronger compression.Using the velocity in different ice compressions an estimate of ice resistance that stemfrom ice compression has been extracted by means of Lindqvist’s formula.