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Treballs Finals de Grau de Mestre d'Educació Primària (Modalitat B, Desenvolupament professional), Facultat d'Educació, Universitat de Barcelona, Curs: 2019-2020, Tutor: Marc Alabart Barba., [cat] Un dels elements essencials de les escoles coeducadores hauria de ser l’ús d’un llenguatge no sexista. L’escola i, sobretot, el professorat, pel seu rol educatiu i socialitzador han de prendre consciència de la rellevància del llenguatge en el desenvolupament cognitiu. Amb aquest projecte s’ha volgut reflexionar sobre això a partir de l’elaboració d’un material sobre llenguatge no sexista. Així doncs, pel seu caràcter aplicat, aquest treball de final de grau s’acull a la modalitat B i és, per tant, un treball de creació i producció de materials. En aquest cas, es presenta una infografia amb recursos per evitar el llenguatge sexista que va destinada al professorat d’educació primària però també es pot fer extensiva al professorat de secundària. Aquest projecte s’ha dividit en tres línies de treball. La primera ha estat la recerca d’antecedents i de materials existents a partir de la consulta de diverses guies i llibres sobre llenguatge no sexista. Això ha permès l’elaboració del marc teòric, l’extracció del contingut per al material i també fer una radiografia sobre el punt en què es troba la temàtica en l’àmbit acadèmic i institucional. A continuació, s’ha realitzat l’anàlisi del context d’un equip docent, el de l’escola Diputació del barri de l’Esquerra de l’Eixample de Barcelona, a partir d’uns qüestionaris fets telemàticament per tal de poder traslladar les hipòtesis i els plantejaments a les necessitats reals de l’escola i del professorat. Finalment, per al disseny i l’elaboració del material s’ha comptat amb la col·laboració d’un equip creatiu format per una il·lustradora i una comunicadora audiovisual que han assessorat i assistit la confecció del material., [spa] Uno de los elementos esenciales de las escuelas coeducadoras debería ser el uso de un lenguaje no sexista. La escuela y, sobre todo, el profesorado, por su rol educativo y socializador, tienen que tomar conciencia de la relevancia del lenguaje en el desarrollo cognitivo. Con este proyecto se ha querido reflexionar acerca de esto a partir de la elaboración de un material sobre lenguaje no sexista. De esta manera, por su carácter aplicado, este trabajo de fin de grado se engloba en la modalidad B siendo, por lo tanto, un trabajo de creación y producción de materiales. En este caso, se presenta una infografía con recursos para evitar el lenguaje sexista destinada al profesorado de educación primaria pero que se puede hacer extensiva al profesorado de secundaria. Este proyecto se ha divido en tres líneas de trabajo. La primera ha sido la búsqueda de antecedentes teóricos y de materiales existentes a partir de la consulta de guías y libros sobre lenguaje no sexista. Esto ha permitido la elaboración del marco teórico, la recogida de contenido para el material y tener una idea sobre en qué punto se encuentra la temática a nivel académico e institucional. A continuación, se ha realizado un análisis del contexto de un equipo docente, el de la escuela Diputació de Barcelona. A partir de dos cuestionarios realizados telemáticamente se han podido trasladar las hipótesis y los planteamientos a las necesidades reales de la escuela y el profesorado. Finalmente, para el diseño y la elaboración del material, se ha contado con la colaboración de un equipo creativo formado por una ilustradora y una comunicadora visual que han asesorado y asistido la confección del material., [fra] Un des éléments essentiels des écoles coéducatrices devrait être l’utilisation d’un langage non sexiste. L’école et surtout le corps enseignant, à cause de son rôle éducatif et socialisateur doivent être conscients de l’importance du langage dans le développement cognitif. Cette recherche vise à la réflexion de ce sujet à partir de la création d’un matériel sur le langage non sexiste. Par son caractère appliqué, ce projet de fin d’études correspond à la modalité B de création et production de matériels. Dans ce cas, on présente une infographie avec des éléments pour éviter le langage sexiste adressé au corps enseignant de primaire mais qui peut aussi être valide pour celui de secondaire. Cette étude a été divisée en trois lignes de travail. La première a été la recherche d'antécédents et des matériels déjà existants à partir de la consultation des guides et livres sur le langage non sexiste. Cela a rendu possible l’élaboration du cadre théorique, le rassemblement du contenu pour le matériel ainsi que le compte rendu de la thématique dans le domaine académique et institutionnel. A la suite, on a analysé le contexte d’un corps d’enseignants d’une école de Barcelona à partir de questionnaires élaborés télématiquement pour pouvoir verser les hypothèses aux nécessités réelles de l’école. Finalement, le design et l’élaboration du matériel ont été élaborés avec une équipe créative composée d’une illustratrice et une professionnelle de l’audiovisuel qui ont conseillé et guidé la confection du matériel.

Two large-scale randomized screening trials, the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovary (PLCO) cancer trial in the USA and the European Randomized Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) trial in Europe are currently under way, aimed at assessing whether screening reduces prostate cancer mortality. Up to the end of 1998, 102,691 men have been randomized to the intervention arm and 115,322 to the control arm (which represents 83% of the target sample size) from 7 European countries and 10 screening centers in the USA. The principal screening method at all centers is determination of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The PLCO trial and some European centers use also digital rectal examination (DRE) as an ancillary screening test. In the core age group (55-69 years), 3,362 of 32,486 men screened (10%) had a serum PSA concentration of 4 ng/ml or greater, which is 1 cut-off for biopsy (performed in 84%). An additional 6% was referred for further assessment based on other criteria, with much less efficiency. Differences in PSA by country are largely attributable to the age structure of the study population. The mean age-specific PSA levels are lower in the PLCO trial (1.64 ng/ml [in the age group 55-59 years], 1.80 [60-64 years] and 2.18 [65-69 years) than in the ERSPC trial (1.28-1.71 [55-59], 1.75-2.87 [60-64] and 2.48-3.06 [65-69 years]). Detection rates at the first screen in the ERSPC trial range from 11 to 42/1,000 men screened and reflect underlying differences in incidence rates and screening procedures. In centers with consent to randomization design, adherence in the screening arm is 91%, but less than half of the men in the target population are enrolled in the trial. In population-based centers in which men were randomized prior to consent, all eligible subjects are enrolled, but only about two-thirds of the men in the intervention arm undergo screening. Considerable progress has been made in both trials. Enrollment will be completed in 2001. A substantial number of early prostate cancers have been detected. The differences between countries seem to reflect both underlying prostate cancer incidence and screening policy. The trials have the power to show definitive results in 2005-2008.

Background: To describe the variation in PSA level by age group and screening round in the ERSPC centres and the variation in cancer detection rates in relation to the underlying prostate cancer incidence. Methods: Individual data on men invited for the first and second screening rounds according to protocol (excluding early recalls and interval cancers) were obtained from the central database of the ERSPC (cut-off date 31st December 2006). Data were compared between and within centres for the core age group (55-69 at entry). The cancer detection rate (CDR) was compared with the expected background prostate cancer incidence rate in the absence of screening adjusted for the incidence rate in non-attenders and the control arm (IRS). Results: Mean PSA values in the age groups 55-59 years and 65-69 years showed little variation by centre, except for the Dutch centre, where an increase from 1.6 to 1.8 ng/ml and a decline from 2.9 to 2.5 ng/ml was observed, respectively. Most tumours were detected at the PSA range 4.0-9.9 ng/ml, with a shift to more cancer detection at 3.0-3.9 ng/ml in the second screening round. There was high variability in the CDR between the centres in both the first (16-46 per 1000) and the second screening rounds (14-50 per 1000). Although the ratio CDR/IRS was less variable, it is somewhat lower in Italy and Switzerland (12 and 14,respectively) and higher in the Netherlands (28), than in most other centres and in Belgium the ratio increased markedly, from 20 to 44 between the first and second rounds. Conclusion: There was no clear evidence of a relationship between the underlying incidence and mean PSA levels at screening or the cancer detection rate. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Two large-scale randomized screening trials, the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovary (PLCO) cancer trial in the USA and the European Randomized Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) trial in Europe are currently under way, aimed at assessing whether screening reduces prostate cancer mortality. Up to the end of 1998, 102,691 men have been randomized to the intervention arm and 115,322 to the control arm (which represents 83% of the target sample size) from 7 European countries and 10 screening centers in the USA. The principal screening method at all centers is determination of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The PLCO trial and some European centers use also digital rectal examination (DRE) as an ancillary screening test. In the core age group (55-69 years), 3,362 of 32,486 men screened (10%) had a serum PSA concentration of 4 ng/ml or greater, which is 1 cut-off for biopsy (performed in 84%). An additional 6% was referred for further assessment based on other criteria, with much less efficiency. Differences in PSA by country are largely attributable to the age structure of the study population. The mean age-specific PSA levels are lower in the PLCO trial (1.64 ng/ml [in the age group 55-59 years], 1.80 [60-64 years] and 2.18 [65-69 years) than in the ERSPC trial (1.28-1.71 [55-59], 1.75-2.87 [60-64] and 2.48-3.06 [65-69 years]). Detection rates at the first screen in the ERSPC trial range from 11 to 42/1,000 men screened and reflect underlying differences in incidence rates and screening procedures. In centers with consent to randomization design, adherence in the screening arm is 91%, but less than half of the men in the target population are enrolled in the trial. In population-based centers in which men were randomized prior to consent, all eligible subjects are enrolled, but only about two-thirds of the men in the intervention arm undergo screening. Considerable progress has been made in both trials. Enrollment will be completed in 2001. A substantial number of early prostate cancers have been detected. The differences between countries seem to reflect both underlying prostate cancer incidence and screening policy. The trials have the power to show definitive results in 2005-2008.

Introduccion. El reflejo venoarteriolar (RVA) lo provoca un incremento en la presion venosa transmural al colocar una parte del cuerpo en el sentido de la aceleracion gravitatoria por debajo del corazon. Objetivo. Evaluar el RVA en sujetos sanos al levantar una parte del cuerpo por encima del corazon. Sujetos y metodos. En 16 sujetos sanos (20-65 anos) se estudio el RVA mediante cambios en el flujo sanguineo de la piel con un fotopletismografo digital infrarrojo colocado en el pulpejo en sujetos sanos durante las siguientes condiciones: brazo derecho a la altura del corazon, brazo derecho 40 cm por debajo del corazon y brazo derecho 40 cm por encima del corazon. Las variables medidas fueron: amplitud del flujo sanguineo de la piel con el brazo a la altura del corazon (amplitud basal), porcentaje de disminucion del flujo sanguineo de la piel con el brazo por debajo del corazon y porcentaje de aumento del flujo sanguineo de la piel con el brazo por encima del corazon. Resultados. El porcentaje de vasoconstriccion con el brazo derecho por debajo del corazon fue del 35%, y el de vasodilatacion, del 50%. Conclusiones. La evaluacion del RVA con el brazo por debajo del corazon provoca vasoconstriccion, y la elevacion del brazo produce una importante vasodilatacion. La vasoconstriccion y la vasodilatacion se mantienen mientras la extremidad se mantenga por encima o por debajo del corazon. Este es un estudio potencialmente muy util y economico para estudiar la inervacion de la microcirculacion en diversas neuropatias perifericas de fibras delgadas y mixtas.

Background: The phenotypic heterogeneity of transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) familial polyneuropathy may be linked to the type of mutation and to the environmental factors. A gender difference in relation to the severity of the disease has been suspected. More than 100 different pathogenic variants of hereditary transthyretin (TTR) mutations have been reported. Objective: To describe 32 patients with confirmed TTR Ser50Arg mutation from the same geographical origin. Methods: Seven families with up to four affected generations underwent genetic testing and prospective clinical and laboratory evaluations. Results: The mutation was confirmed in seven patients from different families with clinical symptoms compatible with ATTR amyloidosis, and in 25 (62%) of the 40 direct relatives tested. Of the 32 patients with positive test results, 18 (56%) were men. Only 5 (16%) subjects were disease-free at the time of the genetic test (mean age: 20, range: 18–30-year-old). The rest developed symptoms at a young age, between ages 36 and 41. Symptomatic, histologically positive patients were older than carriers and symptomatic patients without a confirmatory biopsy. The later generation displayed symptoms at a younger age. Initial manifestations in the 27 symptomatic patients were neuropathic in 19 (70%), gastrointestinal in 6 (22%) and autonomic in 1 (4%). Significant differences were demonstrated among genders, where men had a considerably worse outcome. Conclusion: ATTR Ser50Arg mutation was associated with an early onset, an unbalanced male to female ratio, a more aggressive course in males and possibly displayed anticipation.

Electroencephalography is an important tool in the diagnosis of primary or secondary disorders of central nervous system, epilepsy is one of the most important. Sometimes normal electroencephalographic activity simulates epileptiform activity. This activity does not have pathological value and is considered a variant of normal brain activity. The main groups based on the classification proposed by Blum and Cervone are: rhythmic patterns; epileptiform patterns; lambda waves, and age dependent changes. These changes are frequently seen during drowsiness, sleep and during activation maneuvers and more common in children and adolescents. The aim of this review is to present the most important characteristics of each of these variants, in order to prevent them being confused with abnormal brain activity.

Two large-scale randomized screening trials, the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovary (PLCO) cancer trial in the USA and the European Randomized Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) trial in Europe are currently under way, aimed at assessing whether screening reduces prostate cancer mortality. Up to the end of 1998, 102,691 men have been randomized to the intervention arm and 115,322 to the control arm (which represents 83% of the target sample size) from 7 European countries and 10 screening centers in the USA. The principal screening method at all centers is determination of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The PLCO trial and some European centers use also digital rectal examination (DRE) as an ancillary screening test. In the core age group (55-69 years), 3,362 of 32,486 men screened (10%) had a serum PSA concentration of 4 ng/ml or greater, which is 1 cut-off for biopsy (performed in 84%). An additional 6% was referred for further assessment based on other criteria, with much less efficiency. Differences in PSA by country are largely attributable to the age structure of the study population. The mean age-specific PSA levels are lower in the PLCO trial (1.64 ng/ml [in the age group 55-59 years], 1.80 [60-64 years] and 2.18 [65-69 years) than in the ERSPC trial (1.28-1.71 [55-59], 1.75-2.87 [60-64] and 2.48-3.06 [65-69 years]). Detection rates at the first screen in the ERSPC trial range from 11 to 42/1,000 men screened and reflect underlying differences in incidence rates and screening procedures. In centers with consent to randomization design, adherence in the screening arm is 91%, but less than half of the men in the target population are enrolled in the trial. In population-based centers in which men were randomized prior to consent, all eligible subjects are enrolled, but only about two-thirds of the men in the intervention arm undergo screening. Considerable progress has been made in both trials. Enrollment will be completed in 2001. A substantial number of early prostate cancers have been detected. The differences between countries seem to reflect both underlying prostate cancer incidence and screening policy. The trials have the power to show definitive results in 2005-2008.

Objective: We aim to describe the main characteristics of patients with 3 different TTR mutations. Background Familial amyloid polyneuropathy is a late-onset inherited amyloidosis associated with a mutation on the transthyretin (TTR) gene. Marked diversity exists in clinical characteristics. Design/Methods: 33 patients from 10 different families with proven TTR mutation (27 S50A, 4 S52P, and 2 G47A) underwent prospective neurologic and autonomic examination. All evaluations were performed in a period of 12 months. Results: 19 male and 14 women were included. Age at onset was later in the patients with G47A mutation (33 vs 38 vs 42 yo). S52P had more weight loss (mean of 26kg vs 12-13kg) Initial symptoms were neuropathic in 66%, gastrointestinal in 18% and autonomic in 3%. Overall, men had a more severe form of the disease and worse prognosis. Specifically, men showed more GI (15 vs 11, p:0.001), GU (4 vs 13, p:0.17), and autonomic (13 vs 5, p:0.039) symptoms, had further weight loss (13±17 vs 8±4 kg, p:0.005), orthostatic SBP fall (26±15 vs 4.5±10 mmHg, p:0.01), and decreased NCV amplitudes (sensitive median 4.40 vs 7.20mV p:0.040, sural 2.5 vs 10.4mV p:0.000, motor median 2.4 vs 4.4mV p:0.014, and tibial 2.7 vs 5.8mV p:0.000 nerves). Three men (15.7%) and one woman (7.2%) died during the study period. The men died at a younger age (44±3.5 vs 62, p:0.049). Conclusions: S52P mutation showed a more aggressive course. Because the hereditary mode is autosomal dominant, no gender differences should be expected. However, 1-2% of plasma TTR circulates bound to high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The higher HDL levels associated with estrogen could explain these differences. Men should be considered for earlier liver transplant or pharmacologic treatment when available. It is possible that measures aimed to increase HDL may have some impact in the natural history of the disease. Disclosure: Dr. Gonzalez Duarte has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cardenas-Soto has nothing to disclose. Dr. Berenguer-Sanchez has nothing to disclose. Dr. Martinez-Banos has nothing to disclose. Dr. Estanol has nothing to disclose. Dr. Garcia-Ramos has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cantu-Brito has nothing to disclose.

Over a period of 5 months, 50 patients were entered into the preoperative autologous blood donation program of our Service. Two patients were excluded; one had previously had an acute myocardial infarction and the other had epilepsy. The remaining 48 patients, which accounted for one third of our elective surgery procedures, all accepted to enter the program. These patients were not more severely anemic than the other patients not in the program and who underwent the same surgical procedures. No patients required homologous blood transfusion and no complications ascribable to the procedure were observed. Although it is not utilized widely to date, predeposited autologous blood transfusion is a safe and efficient method, with no remarkable morbidity, even in patients aged over 65 years, the age group of one half of our patients. Autologous blood transfusion programs are necessary. The indications, the exclusion criteria for patients at high risk and the objective parameters for evaluating its success must be established.

We report a case of male subfertility with ejaculate volume less than 1 cc and moderate oligoasthenozoospermia. Partial obstruction of the seminal duct system was suspected and transrectal ultrasonography revealed a mullerian duct cyst. We confirmed the diagnosis with transperineal puncture and contrast filling of the cyst and seminal vesicles. This procedure allowed us to avoid scrotal vasostomy and perform conventional vasography as well as to measure the distance between the ceiling of the cyst and the urethra, which facilitated subsequent transurethral surgery.

An efficient compression can reduce the complications of an inadequate hemostasis following scrotal surgery. The main difference between the "sumo" and previously described compressive methods lies in the use of both pelvic brims as main loading points for the dressing. Similar features are provided by standard scrotal supports but the compression they are able to achieve is minimal compared to that of "sumo" dressing.