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3. Bed bug control with various dusts: Efficacy comparison between silicon dioxide, diatomaceous earth, and Sommières earth

Author

Oumarou Halilou Almou, Hima Harouna Tahirou, Berenger Jean Michel, Michel Grégory, Grauby Olivier, Parola Philippe, Pomares Christelle, and Delaunay Pascal

Subjects
cimex lectularius, bed bugs, diatomaceous earth, sommières earth, silicon dioxide, dust, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Bed bugs are considered a major public health problem in industrialized countries. Usually, bed bug infestations are managed using a combination of physical and chemical methods. In recent years, new strategies for bed bug control have emerged, particularly the use of dusts like diatomaceous earth and silicon dioxide. However, in Europe, the use of silicon dioxide is restricted to professional, while diatomaceous earth can be harmful to the lungs. This study aimed to assess bed bug mortality rates associated with Sommières earth, green clay, talc, and sodium bicarbonate compared to silicon dioxide and diatomaceous earth from a pest management company, diatomaceous earth for litter conditioner, and diatomaceous earth from a supermarket. We tested permanent exposure, short exposure, horizontal transfer and repellent effect on two bed bug colonies. Sommières earth demonstrated efficacy ranging from 75% to 100% in permanent and short exposures, similar to the efficacy of diatomaceous earth from the pest management company. On the contrary, diatomaceous earth for litter conditioner and diatomaceous earth from a supermarket, green clay, talc, and sodium bicarbonate were found to be ineffective. This study demonstrates, for the first time, the efficacy of Sommières earth against bed bugs, but also highlights the variability in efficacy of diatomaceous earths on bed bugs depending on their quality.

Published
2024
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8. Systematics of Ectrichodiella Fracker and Bruner, 1924, with Description of the First Fossil Millipede Assassin Bug Species (Insecta: Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Ectrichodiinae).

Author

Bush, Tatiana, Berenger, Jean-Michel, Gil-Santana, Hélcio, Forthman, Michael, Hoey-Chamberlain, Rochelle, and Weirauch, Christiane

Subjects
*AMBER fossils, *ASSASSIN bugs, *CLADISTIC analysis, *MILLIPEDES, *INSECTS, *HEMIPTERA
Abstract

With more than 886 species in ∼137 genera, Ectrichodiinae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) are the largest animal clade of millipede predators. Recent phylogenetic studies have created a framework for our understanding of ectrichodiine evolutionary history, but no fossil species have been described. EctrichodiellaFracker and Bruner, 1924, belongs to the earliest diverging lineage of Ectrichodiinae, and a better understanding of the morphology and biodiversity of this genus may provide insights into the early evolution of the subfamily. The genus is composed of two described species, Ectrichodiella minima (Valdés, 1910) and Ectrichodiella rafaeli (Gil-Santana and Coletto-Silva, 2005) from Cuba and Brazil, respectively. Here, four new species of Ectrichodiella are described, with three representing extant taxa known only from French Guiana (E. caballina, n. sp., E. nouraguensis, n. sp., and E. obscura, n. sp.), while the fourth is based on a Miocene Dominican amber fossil (Ectrichodiella electrina, n. sp.). Diagnoses, descriptions, habitus and detailed morphological images, an identification key, and a distribution map are provided. A cladistic analysis based on 45 morphological characters that includes the fossil species corroborates the monophyly of Ectrichodiella, but the relationship of the fossil species to the five extant species remains ambiguous. Nevertheless, this phylogenetic placement makes Ectrichodiella electrina, a valuable fossil calibration for future divergence dating analyses, despite its relatively young age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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11. Pyemotes ventricosus Dermatitis

Author

Berenger, Jean-Michel, Parola, Phillippe, Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), and Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille)

Subjects
[SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology
Abstract

International audience

Published
2023

15. Identification of Termites from Gabon Usingmaldi-Tof Ms

Author

Bouthaina, Hasnaoui, primary, Diarra, Adama Zan, additional, Nzassi, Patrice Makouloutou, additional, Berenger, Jean-Michel, additional, Hamame, Afaf, additional, Ngoubangoye, Barthelemy, additional, Gaye, Mapenda, additional, Davoust, Bernard, additional, Mediannikov, Oleg, additional, Lekana-Douki, Jean Bernard, additional, and Parola, Phillipe, additional

Published
2023
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20. List of Contributors

Author

Abrahamian, Fredrick M., primary, Aldape, Michael J., additional, Aldasoro, Edelweiss, additional, Allen, Upton D., additional, Al-Sum, Hythem, additional, Anadkat, Milan J., additional, Anders, Katherine, additional, Angelakis, Emmanouil, additional, Angus, Brian John, additional, Antoniadou, Anastasia, additional, Arena, Fabio, additional, Arends, Joop E., additional, Arribas, Jose R., additional, Artenstein, Andrew W., additional, Atherton, John C., additional, Aucott, John N., additional, Aw, Tar-Ching, additional, Babcock, Hilary M., additional, Bailey, Robin, additional, Bailey, Thomas C., additional, Banks, Adam Z., additional, Barillo, David J., additional, Barrette, Ernie-Paul, additional, Bauer, Martijn P., additional, Bayston, Roger, additional, Beard, C. Ben, additional, Beardsley, Justin, additional, Beeching, Nick J., additional, Bégué, Rodolfo E., additional, Beldi, Guido, additional, Benson, Constance A., additional, Berbari, Elie F., additional, Berenger, Jean-Michel, additional, Berger, Christoph, additional, Bernardino, Jose I., additional, Bille, Jacques, additional, Billioux, Alexander C., additional, Bitnun, Ari, additional, Blair, Iain, additional, Blanche, Stéphane, additional, Bleck, Thomas P., additional, Bleeker-Rovers, Chantal P., additional, Bleijenberg, Gijs, additional, Bloch, Karen C., additional, Blum, Johannes, additional, Blumberg, Emily A., additional, Bonomo, Robert A., additional, Bonten, Marc J.M., additional, Bourayou, Rafik, additional, Bouza, Emilio, additional, Brandt, K. Ashley, additional, Bretelle, Florence, additional, Brisse, Sylvain, additional, Britton, Warwick J., additional, Brook, Itzhak, additional, Brouwer, Matthijs C., additional, Browne, Sarah K., additional, Bryant, Amy E., additional, Bühler, Silja, additional, Bulger, Eileen M., additional, Buller, R. Mark L., additional, Burke, Leah A., additional, Burri, Christian, additional, Butler, Marcus W., additional, Calandra, Thierry, additional, Calfee, David P., additional, Calvo-Cano, Antonia, additional, Cameron, D. William, additional, Carcillo, Joseph A., additional, Carson, Gail, additional, Chambers, Stephen T., additional, Charrel, Remi N., additional, Nguyen, Vinh Chau Van, additional, Chevaliez, Stéphane, additional, Chiller, Tom M., additional, Christaki, Eirini, additional, Chung, Kevin K., additional, Clifford, David B., additional, Clumeck, Nathan, additional, Cohen, Jonathan, additional, Collinge, John, additional, Conlon, Christopher P., additional, Conrad, Curdin, additional, Cooke, Fiona J., additional, Cope, Jennifer Rittenhouse, additional, Corey, G. Ralph, additional, Cross, John H., additional, Cunha, Burke A., additional, Cunha, Cheston B., additional, D'Journo, Benoit, additional, Daikos, George L., additional, Daniels, Johannes M.A., additional, Davidson, Robert N., additional, Day, Nicholas P.J., additional, De Cock, Kevin M., additional, de Silva, Thushan I., additional, de Vries, Henry J.C., additional, de Wit, Stéphane, additional, Delaloye, Julie, additional, Denning, David W., additional, Dennis, David T., additional, Dhanireddy, Shireesha, additional, Dielubanza, Elodi J., additional, Diemert, David J., additional, Doganay, Mehmet, additional, Doherty, Tom, additional, Dolecek, Christiane, additional, Dondorp, Arjen M., additional, Douglas, Abby, additional, Drancourt, Michel, additional, Dubourg, Grégory, additional, Dudley, Michael N., additional, Durand, Guillaume, additional, Eckhardt, Benjamin J., additional, Efstratiou, Androulla, additional, Ekkelenkamp, Miquel B., additional, Eranki, Ambika, additional, Erdem, Hakan, additional, Escota, Gerome V., additional, Evans, Heather L., additional, Eziefula, Alice Chijioke, additional, Fenollar, Florence, additional, Fenwick, Alan, additional, Fierer, Joshua, additional, Finch, Roger G., additional, Fleckenstein, James M., additional, Forstner, Christina, additional, Foschi, Federico, additional, Fournier, Pierre-Edouard, additional, French, Martyn A., additional, Gage, Kenneth L., additional, Garcia, Lynne S., additional, Gascon, Joaquim, additional, Gastañaduy, Arturo S., additional, Gautret, Philippe, additional, Geisler, William M., additional, Ghanem, Khalil G., additional, Giani, Tommaso, additional, Giannella, Maddalena, additional, Gilliam, Bruce L., additional, Gilliet, Michel, additional, Glaser, Carol A., additional, Glupczynski, Youri, additional, Gnann, John W., additional, Goldstein, Ellie J.C., additional, Gottstein, Bruno, additional, Gouriet, Frederique, additional, Gravitt, Patti E., additional, Green, Michael D., additional, Green, Stephen T., additional, Groll, Andreas H., additional, Gulick, Roy M., additional, Gupta, Arjun, additional, Habib, Gilbert, additional, Harbarth, Stephan, additional, Harris, Marianne, additional, Hayden, Frederick G., additional, Hetem, David J., additional, Hill, Philip C., additional, Hirschel, Bernard, additional, Hodowanec, Aimee C., additional, Hoffart, Louis, additional, Hoffmann, Christian, additional, Holland, Steven M., additional, Horby, Peter W., additional, Horne, David J., additional, Hraiech, Sami, additional, Hull, Mark W., additional, Huttner, Angela, additional, Ingram, Richard J.M., additional, Islam, Jasmin, additional, Ison, Michael G., additional, James, Scott H., additional, Jenkins, Claire, additional, Jenkins, Stephen G., additional, Jensen, Jørgen Skov, additional, Johnston, Christine, additional, Jones, Theodore B., additional, Jordan, Stephen J., additional, Julian, Kathleen G., additional, Kato, Yasuyuki, additional, Kauffman, Carol A., additional, Kaye, Keith S., additional, Keane, Michael P., additional, Keeney, James, additional, Kelly, Paul, additional, Kent, Stephen J., additional, Kern, Winfried V., additional, Keynan, Yoav, additional, Kim, Andrea A., additional, Koné-Paut, Isabelle, additional, Kosmidis, Chris, additional, Kroes, Aloys C.M., additional, Kroon, Frank P., additional, Ksiazek, Thomas G., additional, Kuhlmann, F. Matthew, additional, Kuijper, Ed J., additional, Kwon, Jennie H., additional, Kyei, George B., additional, Lacombe, Karine, additional, Lagacé-Wiens, Philippe, additional, Lagier, Jean-Christophe, additional, Lamagni, Theresa, additional, Landraud, Luce, additional, Lanternier, Fanny, additional, LaPlante, Kerry L., additional, Lawn, Stephen D., additional, Lawrence, Steven J., additional, Leblebicioglu, Hakan, additional, Lee, Nelson, additional, Leggett, James E., additional, Lehours, Philippe, additional, Levy, Pierre-Yves, additional, Leyh, Rainer G., additional, Lillis, Rebecca A., additional, Limmathurotsakul, Direk, additional, Lin, Jennifer, additional, Lindquist, H.D. Alan, additional, Lipsky, Benjamin A., additional, Liscynesky, Christina, additional, Looney, David, additional, Lortholary, Olivier, additional, Lowy, Franklin D., additional, Luft, Benjamin J., additional, Mackowiak, Philip A., additional, MacPherson, Paul A., additional, Maghraoui-Slim, Valérie, additional, Mallon, Patrick W., additional, Mangino, Julie E., additional, Manuel, Oriol, additional, Marchetti, Oscar, additional, Marks, Kristen M., additional, Marr, Kieren A., additional, Marrazzo, Jeanne, additional, Marschall, Jonas, additional, Martin, David H., additional, Matonti, Frédéric, additional, Matulewicz, Richard S., additional, Mayer, Kenneth H., additional, McCulloh, Russell J., additional, McGready, Rose, additional, Mdodo, Rennatus, additional, Mead, Simon, additional, Mégraud, Francis, additional, Meintjes, Graeme, additional, Metcalf, Sarah C., additional, Michaels, Marian G., additional, Migliori, Giovanni Battista, additional, Miles, Michael A., additional, Miller, Alastair, additional, Mimiaga, Matthew J., additional, Mingeot-Leclercq, Marie-Paule, additional, Misch, Elizabeth Ann, additional, Mitreva, Makedonka, additional, Montaner, Julio S.G., additional, Moore, Caroline B., additional, Muñoz, Patricia, additional, Muñoz, Jose, additional, Murray, Clinton K., additional, Musso, Didier, additional, Mutengo, Mable, additional, Mutizwa, Misha M., additional, Naber, Kurt G., additional, Natarajan, Pavithra, additional, Neme, Santiago, additional, Newton, Paul N., additional, Nichols, Ronald A., additional, Nicolle, Lindsay E., additional, Nosten, François, additional, Notarangelo, Luigi D., additional, Nutman, Thomas B., additional, Nyirjesy, Paul, additional, O'Connell, P. Ronan, additional, Opal, Steven M., additional, Ormerod, L. Peter, additional, Osmon, Douglas R., additional, Pankert, Marie Boulze, additional, Pantaleo, Giuseppe, additional, Papazian, Laurent, additional, Parente, Diane M., additional, Parola, Philippe, additional, Parsaei, Shadi, additional, Pascual, Manuel A., additional, Patel, Rupa, additional, Patrozou, Eleni, additional, Pawlotsky, Jean-Michel, additional, Peacock, Sharon J., additional, Pechère, Jean-Claude, additional, Pelegrin, Ivan, additional, Peters, Barry S., additional, Peters, Edgar J.G., additional, Petersen, Jeannine M., additional, Petersen, Lyle R., additional, Petraitis, Vidmantas, additional, Pham, Luu-Ly, additional, Picado, Albert, additional, Pilatz, Adrian, additional, Pilmis, Benoit, additional, Pinazo, María-Jesús, additional, Pletz, Mathias W., additional, Pogue, Jason M., additional, Polgreen, Evelyn L., additional, Polgreen, Philip M., additional, Posfay-Barbe, Klara M., additional, Powderly, William G., additional, Presti, Rachel, additional, Prod'hom, Guy, additional, Puolakkainen, Mirja, additional, Quinn, Thomas C., additional, Raoult, Didier, additional, Razonable, Raymund R., additional, Read, Robert C., additional, Redfield, Robert R., additional, Rentenaar, Rob J., additional, Reynolds, Steven J., additional, Ribi, Camillo, additional, Richardson, Malcolm D., additional, Ritter, Michele L., additional, Roch, Antoine, additional, Rockstroh, Jürgen Kurt, additional, Rojek, Amanda, additional, Romero, José R., additional, Rooijakkers, Suzan H.M., additional, Rosenbluth, Daniel, additional, Rosenzweig, Sergio D., additional, Rossolini, Gian Maria, additional, Rubinstein, Ethan, additional, Ryan, Greg, additional, Safren, Steven A., additional, Sahasrabuddhe, Vikrant V., additional, Saikku, Pekka A.I., additional, Sajadi, Mohammad M., additional, Salvaggio, Michelle R., additional, Santos, Carlos A.Q., additional, Satlin, Michael J., additional, Schaeffer, Anthony J., additional, Schimmer, Christoph, additional, Schooley, Robert T., additional, Schumacher, Richard F., additional, Sha, Beverly E., additional, Shapiro, Daniel S., additional, Sheehan, Gerard, additional, Shlaes, David M., additional, Shoham, Shmuel, additional, Simmons, Cameron P., additional, Simon, Dennis W., additional, Simon, Matthew S., additional, Simonsen, Kari A., additional, Slack, Mary P.E., additional, Smith, Tyrel T., additional, Sobel, Jack D., additional, Souli, Maria, additional, Sridhar, Shruti, additional, Steckelberg, James M., additional, Stevens, Dennis L., additional, Strah, Heather, additional, Sturm, A. Willem, additional, Sungkanuparph, Somnuek, additional, Tabrizi, Sarah J., additional, Tacconelli, Evelina, additional, Tan, Chen Sabrina, additional, Taplitz, Randy A., additional, Thomas, Guillemette, additional, Thomas, Lora D., additional, Thuny, Franck, additional, Thwaites, Guy, additional, Tissot, Frederic, additional, Tønjum, Tone, additional, Torriani, Francesca J., additional, Toso, Christian, additional, Tulkens, Paul M., additional, Tunkel, Allan R., additional, Turner, Claire E., additional, Ustianowski, Andrew P., additional, van Bambeke, Françoise, additional, van Crevel, Reinout, additional, van de Beek, Diederik, additional, van Delden, Christian, additional, van der Eerden, Menno M., additional, van der Meer, Jos W.M., additional, van der Poll, Tom, additional, van Ingen, Jakko, additional, van Putten, Jos, additional, Vaudaux, Bernard P., additional, Vermund, Sten H., additional, Viscidi, Raphael P., additional, Visvanathan, Kumar, additional, Visvesvara, Govinda S., additional, von Seidlein, Lorenz, additional, Wagenlehner, Florian M.E., additional, Wald, Anna, additional, Walsh, Thomas J., additional, Warhurst, David C., additional, Warnock, David W., additional, Warrell, David A., additional, Warrell, Mary J., additional, Warris, Adilia, additional, Watkins, Richard R., additional, Weatherall, David J., additional, Weber, Rainer, additional, Weidner, Wolfgang, additional, White, Jonathan R., additional, White, Peter J., additional, Whitehorn, James, additional, Whitley, Richard J., additional, Whitty, Christopher J.M., additional, Wiersinga, Willem Joost, additional, Wilcox, Mark H., additional, Williams, Thomas N., additional, Wilson, Cara C., additional, Wilson, Mary Elizabeth, additional, Wisplinghoff, Hilmar, additional, Wood, Robin, additional, Wunderink, Richard G., additional, Wyles, David, additional, Yang, Zhi-Tao, additional, Yoder, Jonathan S., additional, Zaidi, Najam A., additional, Zimmer, Andrea J., additional, Zuckerman, Jane N., additional, and Zumla, Alimuddin, additional

Published
2017
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21. Candidatus Coxiella massiliensis infection

Author

Angelakis, Emmanouil, Mediannikov, Oleg, Jos, Sarah-Lyne, Berenger, Jean-Michel, Parola, Philippe, and Raoult, Didier

Subjects
Tick-borne diseases -- Case studies -- Diagnosis -- Care and treatment, Gram-negative bacterial infections -- Case studies -- Diagnosis -- Care and treatment, Health
Abstract

Only 1 species of bacteria in the genus Coxiella is officially recognized: Coxiella burnetii (1). However, in recent decades, many genetically related bacteria have been found in hard and soft [...]

Published
2016
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22. Dr MANA Nassima-résumé-WIMAVSE-2022.docx

Author

mana, nassima, Berenger, Jean-Michel, Bitam, Idir, and Philipe, PAROLA

Abstract

Inventaire morpho-moléculaire des poux hématophages (Phthiraptera : Anoplura) des ruminants et détection moléculaire des agents pathogènes bactériens.

Published
2022
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26. Chemical characterization and acaricide potential of essential oil from aerial parts of Tagetes patula L. (Asteraceae) against engorged adult females of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806)

Author

Politi, Flávio Augusto Sanches, de Souza-Moreira, Tatiana Maria, Rodrigues, Edvânio Ramos, de Queiroz, Geisiany Maria, Figueira, Glyn Mara, Januário, Ana Helena, Berenger, Jean-Michel, Socolovschi, Cristina, Parola, Philippe, and Pietro, Rosemeire Cristina Linhari Rodrigues

Published
2013
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28. Molecular characterization of Wolbachia infection in bed bugs (Cimex lectularius) collected from several localities in France

Author

Akhoundi Mohammad, Cannet Arnaud, Loubatier Céline, Berenger Jean-Michel, Izri Arezki, Marty Pierre, and Delaunay Pascal

Subjects
Bed bugs, Cimex lectularius, Symbiont, Wolbachia, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Wolbachia symbionts are maternally inherited intracellular bacteria that have been detected in numerous insects including bed bugs. The objective of this study, the first epidemiological study in Europe, was to screen Wolbachia infection among Cimex lectularius collected in the field, using PCR targeting the surface protein gene (wsp), and to compare obtained Wolbachia strains with those reported from laboratory colonies of C. lectularius as well as other Wolbachia groups. For this purpose, 284 bed bug specimens were caught and studied from eight different regions of France including the suburbs of Paris, Bouches-du-Rhône, Lot-et-Garonne, and five localities in Alpes-Maritimes. Among the samples, 166 were adults and the remaining 118 were considered nymphs. In all, 47 out of 118 nymphs (40%) and 61 out of 166 adults (37%) were found positive on wsp screening. Among the positive cases, 10 samples were selected randomly for sequencing. The sequences had 100% homology with wsp sequences belonging to the F-supergroup strains of Wolbachia. Therefore, we confirm the similarity of Wolbachia strains detected in this epidemiological study to Wolbachia spp. reported from laboratory colonies of C. lectularius.

Published
2016
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29. Bed bug bites

Author

Delaunay, Pascal, Benzaquen, Michael, Berenger, Jean-Michel, and Parola, Philippe

Subjects
610 Medicine & health
Published
2020
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30. Bed bug bites

Author

Delaunay, Pascal, primary, Benzaquen, Michael, additional, Berenger, Jean‐Michel, additional, and Parola, Philippe, additional

Published
2020
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31. A review of data on laboratory colonies of bed bugs (Cimicidae), an insect of emerging medical relevance

Author

Cannet Arnaud, Akhoundi Mohammad, Berenger Jean-Michel, Michel Gregory, Marty Pierre, and Delaunay Pascal

Subjects
Bed bug, Physical factors, Physiological factors, Laboratory colonies, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Cimicidae are hematophagous Heteroptera, feeding on human blood, that have been the subject of significant medical investigation. In particular, they have been colonized under laboratory conditions to study their medical relevance. Laboratory colonization of these bugs is a multifactorial phenomenon. Our goal was to conduct a comparative literature review to classify the published data, demonstrating preferred bed bug colony conditions. We show that physical factors including temperature, relative humidity and photoperiod, and physiological factors such as type and frequency of blood meals play important roles in laboratory colonies. Any change in these factors produces changes in life-cycle duration. Temperature and blood meal are the most important factors, with a marked impact on the life-cycle of laboratory populations, depending on the species. A wide range of temperatures (15–34 °C) and relative humidity (46–75%) with an average of 25 °C and 59% were found for these colonies. Two widely used blood sources for the colonies were rabbits and humans.

Published
2015
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32. Morphological, Molecular and MALDI-TOF MS Identification of Bedbugs and Associated WolbachiaSpecies in Rural Senegal

Author

Ndiaye, El Hadji Ibrahima, Diatta, Georges, Diarra, Adama Zan, Berenger, Jean Michel, Bassene, Hubert, Mediannikov, Oleg, Bouganali, Charles, Sokhna, Cheikh, and Parola, Philippe

Abstract

Bed bugs are known to carry several microorganisms. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of bed bug infestation in two rural areas of Senegal and determine the species present in the population. A screening was conducted to detect some arthropod associated pathogenic bacteria in bed bugs and to evaluate the prevalence of endosymbiont carriage. One survey took place in 17 villages in Niakhar and two surveys in Dielmo and Ndiop and surroundings area in the same 20 villages. Bed bugs collected were identified morphologically and by MALDI-TOF MS tools. Microorganisms screening was performed by qPCR and confirmed by sequencing. During the survey in the Niakhar region, only one household 1/255 (0.4%) in the village of Ngayokhem was found infested by bed bugs. In a monitoring survey of the surroundings of Dielmo and Ndiop area, high prevalence was found during the two rounds of surveys in 65/314 (21%) in 16/20 villages (January–March) and 93/351 (26%) in 19/20 villages (December). All bed bugs were morphologically identified as the species Cimex hemipterus, of which 285/1,637 (17%) were randomly selected for MALDI-TOF MS analysis and bacteria screening. Among the Bacteria tested only Wolbachia(Alphaproteobacteria, Rickettsiales, Rickettsiaceae) DNA was found in 248/276 (90%) of the bedbugs. We briefly describe a high level of non-generalized bed bug infestation in rural Senegal and the diversity of Wolbachiastrains carried by C. hemipterus. This study opens perspectives for raising household awareness of bed bug infestations and possibilities for appropriate control.

Published
2022
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33. Longitudinal monitoring of environmental factors at Culicidae larval habitats in urban areas and their association with various mosquito species using an innovative strategy

Author

Nebbak, Amira, Willcox, Alexandra, Koumare, Sekou, Berenger, Jean-Michel, Raoult, Didier, Parola, Philippe, Fontaine, Albin, Briolant, Sébastien, Almeras, Lionel, Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Microbes évolution phylogénie et infections (MEPHI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA)

Subjects
[SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019

34. Anti-feeding and insecticidal efficacy of a topical administration of dinotefuran-pyriproxyfen-permethrin spot-on (Vectra (R) 3D) on mice against Stegomyia albopicta (=Aedes albopictus)

Author

Tahir, Djamel, Davoust, Bernard, Almeras, Lionel, Berenger, Jean-Michel, Varloud, Marie, Parola, Philippe, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Parasitologie et d’Entomologie [IRBA, Marseille], Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA)-Département des Maladies Infectieuses, CEVA Santé Animale [Libourne, France] (Laboratoire Vétérinaire Pharmaceutique), This study was supported by the AMIDEX project (no. ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02), funded by the Investissements d’Avenir programme of the French Government, managed by the French National Research Agency (ANR), the Fondation Méditerranée Infection (www.mediterranee-infection.com), and by Ceva Santé Animale SA, Libourne, France., ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011), COMBE, Isabelle, INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE - - Amidex2011 - ANR-11-IDEX-0001 - IDEX - VALID, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA)-Département des Maladies Infectieuses, and INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Insecticides, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Pyridines, mouse model, efficacy, Feeding Behavior, Administration, Cutaneous, Nitro Compounds, Guanidines, Rats, mosquito-borne diseases, Mice, Neonicotinoids, Random Allocation, Aedes, Insect Repellents, Animals, ectoparasiticide, Female, Stegomyia albopicta (= Aedes albopictus), Permethrin, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

International audience; An ectoparasiticide combining three active ingredients [dinotefuran, permethrin and pyriproxyfen (DPP)] was used in mice in an experiment designed to evaluate its anti-feeding and insecticidal efficacy against Stegomyia albopicta (=Aedes albopictus) (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes. Twenty-two adult mice were randomly allocated into two groups consisting of an untreated control group and a DPP-treated group. Mice were exposed individually for 1h to a mean +/- standard deviation of 27 +/- 2 starved female mosquitoes on days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 post-treatment. At the end of the exposure (1h), mosquitoes were assessed for immediate survival and engorgement status. Additionally, live mosquitoes in both groups were incubated separately and observed for mortality at 24h after the end of the exposure. The anti-feeding efficacy of DPP after the 1-h exposure period was 99.2, 100, 98.0, 89.3 and 87.4% at 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28days, respectively. Levels of insecticidal efficacy evaluated at 1h and 24h after exposure on days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 were 36.7, 28.9, 30.8, 23.1 and 11.9%, and 68.4, 45.0, 43.3, 37.9 and 19.9%, respectively. Based on the mouse model, the present study demonstrates that the DPP combination has significant anti-feeding and insecticidal efficacy against S.albopicta for at least 4 weeks.

Published
2017

35. Longitudinal monitoring of environmental factors at Culicidae larval habitats in urban areas and their association with various mosquito species using an innovative strategy

Author

Nebbak, Amira, primary, Willcox, Alexandra C, additional, Koumare, Sekou, additional, Berenger, Jean-Michel, additional, Raoult, Didier, additional, Parola, Philippe, additional, Fontaine, Albin, additional, Briolant, Sébastien, additional, and Almeras, Lionel, additional

Published
2018
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37. Detection of a Potential New Bartonella Species 'Candidatus Bartonella rondoniensis' in Human Biting Kissing Bugs (Reduviidae; Triatominae)

Author

Laroche, Maureen, Berenger, Jean-Michel, Mediannikov, Oleg, Raoult, Didier, Parola, Philippe, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), and INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Trypanosoma, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Arthropoda, lcsh:RC955-962, Bioinformatics, Equines, Artificial Gene Amplification and Extension, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Research and Analysis Methods, Microbiology, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Database and Informatics Methods, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Bartonella Infections, parasitic diseases, Medicine and Health Sciences, Animals, Humans, Horses, Molecular Biology Techniques, Microbial Pathogens, Molecular Biology, Phylogeny, DNA sequence analysis, Protozoans, Trypanosoma Cruzi, Mammals, Molecular Biology Assays and Analysis Techniques, Bacteria, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, lcsh:RA1-1270, Phylogenetic Analysis, bacterial infections and mycoses, Invertebrates, Parasitic Protozoans, Insect Vectors, Bacterial Pathogens, Medical Microbiology, Vertebrates, Amniotes, Triatominae, Pathogens, Bartonella, Sequence Analysis, Sequence Alignment, Research Article
Abstract

Background Among the Reduviidae family, triatomines are giant blood-sucking bugs. They are well known in Central and South America where they transmit Trypanosoma cruzi to mammals, including humans, through their feces. This parasitic protozoan is the causative agent of Chagas disease, a major public health issue in endemic areas. Because of the medical and economic impact of Chagas disease, the presence of other arthropod-borne pathogens in triatomines was rarely investigated. Methodology/Principal findings In this study, seven triatomines species involved in the transmission of T. cruzi were molecularly screened for the presence of known pathogens generally associated with arthropods, such as Rickettsia, Bartonella, Anaplasmataceae, Borrelia species and Coxiella burnetii. Of all included triatomine species, only Eratyrus mucronatus specimens tested positive for Bartonella species for 56% of tested samples. A new genotype of Bartonella spp. was detected in 13/23 Eratyrus mucronatus specimens, an important vector of T. cruzi to humans. This bacterium was further characterized by sequencing fragments of the ftsZ, gltA and rpoB genes. Depending on the targeted gene, this agent shares 84% to 91% of identity with B. bacilliformis, the agent of Carrion’s disease, a deadly sandfly-borne infectious disease endemic in South America. It is also closely related to animal pathogens such as B. bovis and B. chomelii. Conclusions As E. mucronatus is an invasive species that occasionally feeds on humans, the presence of potentially pathogenic Bartonella-infected bugs could present another risk for human health, along with the T. cruzi issue., Author Summary Triatomines are hematophagous insects including vectors of T. cruzi, the agent of Chagas disease, a huge public health issue, especially in South America. Whether these arthropods carry other pathogenic microorganisms is currently unknown. We investigated the presence of different arthropod-borne pathogens, including Bartonella spp., by quantitative PCR. Bartonella species were identified using ftsZ, gltA and rpoB gene sequencing and a new genotype of Bartonella spp. was detected in Eratyrus mucronatus specimens, an important vector of T. cruzi to humans. This agent is closely related to several human and animal pathogens. Depending on the gene fragment used, this agent shares 84% to 91% of identity with B. bacilliformis, the agent of the deadly Carrion’s disease. The possibility of transmission of potentially pathogenic bacteria could be an additional threat to human health since E. mucronatus bugs are more and more anthropophilic.

Published
2017

39. Three-toed sloth as putative reservoir of Coxiella burnetii, Cayenne, French Guiana

Author

Davoust, Bernard, Marie, Jean-Lou, de Santi, Vincent Pommier, Berenger, Jean-Michel, Edouard, Sophie, and Raoult, Didier

Subjects
Q fever -- Distribution -- Causes of -- Reports, Host-bacteria relationships -- Reports, Company distribution practices, Health
Abstract

To the Editor: Q fever is an emerging zoonosis and a major public health concern in French Guiana, a French overseas region located on the northeastern coast of South America [...]

Published
2014

42. Competence of Cimex lectularius Bed Bugs for the Transmission of Bartonella quintana, the Agent of Trench Fever

Author

Leulmi, Hamza, Bitam, Idir, Berenger, Jean Michel, Lepidi, Hubert, Rolain, Jean-Marc, Almeras, Lionel, Raoult, Didier, Parola, Philippe, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Vétérinaire d'Alger (ENSV), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire VALCORE, Université M'Hamed Bougara Boumerdes (UMBB), Laboratoire d’Ecologie et Environnement, Université de Bab Ezzouar, HAL AMU, Administrateur, and INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Adult, Male, BACTEREMIA, animal structures, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, lcsh:RC955-962, HEMIPTERUS, Feces, Bartonella quintana, ENDOCARDITIS, INFECTION, parasitic diseases, Animals, Humans, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, CTENOCEPHALIDES-FELIS, HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, fungi, Correction, CAT, lcsh:RA1-1270, bacterial infections and mycoses, B SURFACE-ANTIGEN, Trench Fever, Insect Vectors, HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, bacteria, Female, BEDBUGS, Research Article
Abstract

Background Bartonella quintana, the etiologic agent of trench fever and other human diseases, is transmitted by the feces of body lice. Recently, this bacterium has been detected in other arthropod families such as bed bugs, which begs the question of their involvement in B. quintana transmission. Although several infectious pathogens have been reported and are suggested to be transmitted by bed bugs, the evidence regarding their competence as vectors is unclear. Methodology/Principal Findings Bed bugs at the adult and instar developmental stages were fed three successive human blood meals inoculated with B. quintana bacterium from day one (D1) to D5; subsequently they were fed with pathogen-free human blood until the end of the experiment. Bed bugs and feces were collected in time series, to evaluate their capacities to acquire, multiply and expel viable B. quintana using molecular biology, immunohistochemistry and cultures assays. B. quintana was detected molecularly in 100% of randomly selected experimentally infected bed bug specimens (D3). The monitoring of B. quintana in bed bug feces showed that the bacterium was detectable starting on the 3rd day post-infection (pi) and persisted until day 18±1 pi. Although immunohistochemistry assays localized the bacteria to the gastrointestinal bed bug gut, the detection of B. quintana in the first and second instar larva stages suggested a vertical non-transovarial transmission of the bacterium. Conclusion The present work demonstrated for the first time that bed bugs can acquire, maintain for more than 2 weeks and release viable B. quintana organisms following a stercorarial shedding. We also observed the vertical transmission of the bacterium to their progeny. Although the biological role of bed bugs in the transmission of B. quintana under natural conditions has yet to be confirmed, the present work highlights the need to reconsider monitoring of these arthropods for the transmission of human pathogens., Author Summary Bartonella quintana, the etiologic agent of trench fever and other human diseases, is known to be transmitted by the feces of body lice. Recently, the DNA of this bacterium has been detected in bed bugs. Several pathogens have been associated and suggested to be transmitted by bed bugs, despite the insufficient evidence to support this vector role. The aim of the present study was to assess the competence of bed bugs in the transmission of B. quintana using an experimental artificial model of infection. To this end, bed bugs were fed with human infected blood meals. On the 3rd day post-infection (dpi) B. quintana was detected molecularly in 100% of experimentally infected bed bug. The bacterium was also detectable in bed bug feces starting on the 3rd dpi and persisted until 18±1 dpi. Although immunohistochemistry assays localized the bacteria to the gastrointestinal bed bug gut, B. quintana was also detected in the first and second instars larva. The present work highlights the need to reconsider monitoring of bed bugs for the transmission of pathogens.

Published
2015

43. Hemocytes from Pediculus humanus humanus are hosts for human bacterial pathogens

Author

Coulaud, Pierre-Julien, Lepolard, Catherine, Bechah, Yassina, Berenger, Jean-Michel, Raoult, Didier, and Ghigo, Eric

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Infectious Diseases, body lice, typhus, Immunology, phagocytes, bacteria, bacterial infections and mycoses, Microbiology
Abstract

Pediculus humanus humanus is an human ectoparasite which represents a serious public health threat because it is vector for pathogenic bacteria. It is important to understand and identify where bacteria reside in human body lice to define new strategies to counterstroke the capacity of vectorization of the bacterial pathogens by body lice. It is known that phagocytes from vertebrates can be hosts or reservoirs for several microbes. Therefore, we wondered if Pediculus humanus humanus phagocytes could hide pathogens. In this study, we characterized the phagocytes from Pediculus humanus humanus and evaluated their contribution as hosts for human pathogens such as Rickettsia prowazekii, Bartonella Quintana, and Acinetobacter baumannii.

Published
2015
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44. Accurate identification of Culicidae at aquatic developmental stages by MALDI-TOF MS profiling

Author

Dieme, Constentin, Yssouf, Amina, Vega-Rúa, Anubis, Berenger, Jean-Michel, Failloux, Anna-Bella, Raoult, Didier, Parola, Philippe, Almeras, Lionel, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Arbovirus et Insectes Vecteurs - Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur [Paris], We thank Pr Ousmane Faye (Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), Dakar, Senegal) for kindly providing An. coluzzii specimens and Christophe Flaudrops (URMITE-IRD198, Marseille, France) for his advice on the analysis of MALDI-TOF MS profiles. We would like to thank Ricardo Lourenço-de-Oliveira for providing mosquitoes from Manaus in Brazil. This manuscript has been reviewed and corrected by American Journal Experts, Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)

Subjects
Research, fungi, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, Pupa, Vectors, Infectious Diseases, Culicidae, MESH: Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, Species Specificity, Larva, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, parasitic diseases, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, MESH: Biomarkers, MESH: Species Specificity, Animals, Parasitology, MESH: Animals, MESH: Pupa, MESH: Culicidae, MESH: Larva, Aquatic stages, Species identification, Biomarkers
Abstract

Background The identification of mosquito vectors is generally based on morphological criteria, but for aquatic stages, morphological characteristics may be missing, leading to incomplete or incorrect identification. The high cost of molecular biology techniques requires the development of an alternative strategy. In the last decade, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) profiling has proved to be efficient for arthropod identification at the species level. Methods To investigate the usefulness of MALDI-TOF MS for the identification of mosquitoes at aquatic stages, optimizations of sample preparation, diet, body parts and storage conditions were tested. Protein extracts of whole specimens from second larval stage to pupae were selected for the creation of a reference spectra database. The database included a total of 95 laboratory-reared specimens of 6 mosquito species, including Anopheles gambiae (S form), Anopheles coluzzi (M form), Culex pipiens pipiens, Culex pipiens molestus, Aedes aegypti and 2 colonies of Aedes albopictus. Results The present study revealed that whole specimens at aquatic stages produced reproducible and singular spectra according to the mosquito species. Moreover, MS protein profiles appeared weakly affected by the diet provided. Despite the low diversity of some MS profiles, notably for cryptic species, clustering analyses correctly classified all specimens tested at the species level followed by the clustering of early vs. late aquatic developmental stages. Discriminant mass peaks were recorded for the 6 mosquito species analyzed at larval stage 3 and the pupal stage. Querying against the reference spectra database of 149 new specimens at different aquatic stages from the 6 mosquito species revealed that 147 specimens were correctly identified at the species level and that early and late developmental stages were also distinguished. Conclusions The present work highlights that MALDI-TOF MS profiling may be useful for the rapid and reliable identification of mosquito species at aquatic stages. With this proteomic tool, it becomes now conceivable to survey mosquito breeding sites prior to the mosquitoes’ emergence and to adapt anti-vectorial measures according to the mosquito fauna detected. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-014-0544-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Published
2014

45. Viral Metagenomics on Animals as a Tool for the Detection of Zoonoses Prior to Human Infection?

Author

Temmam, Sarah, Davoust, Bernard, Berenger, Jean-Michel, Raoult, Didier, Desnues, Christelle, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Project: 242729,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2009-StG,PATHOVIROME(2010), and INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Viral metagenomics, wildlife, Wildlife, Review, Biology, hematophagous arthropods, Catalysis, Virus, lcsh:Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, RNA Virus Infections, domestic animals, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Pandemic, Animals, Humans, RNA Viruses, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Molecular Biology, Spectroscopy, Organism, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, Zoonotic Infection, 030306 microbiology, Host (biology), Organic Chemistry, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, General Medicine, Virology, DNA Virus Infections, 3. Good health, Computer Science Applications, zoonoses, lcsh:Biology (General), lcsh:QD1-999, Metagenomics, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, viral metagenomics
Abstract

International audience; Many human viral infections have a zoonotic, i.e., wild or domestic animal, origin. Several zoonotic viruses are transmitted to humans directly via contact with an animal or indirectly via exposure to the urine or feces of infected animals or the bite of a bloodsucking arthropod. If a virus is able to adapt and replicate in its new human host, human-to-human transmissions may occur, possibly resulting in an epidemic, such as the A/H1N1 flu pandemic in 2009. Thus, predicting emerging zoonotic infections is an important challenge for public health officials in the coming decades. The recent development of viral metagenomics, i.e., the characterization of the complete viral diversity isolated from an organism or an environment using high-throughput sequencing technologies, is promising for the surveillance of such diseases and can be accomplished by analyzing the viromes of selected animals and arthropods that are closely in contact with humans. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of viral diversity within such animals (in particular blood-feeding arthropods, wildlife and domestic animals) using metagenomics and present its possible future application for the surveillance of zoonotic and arboviral diseases.

Published
2014

46. Collections de référence d’arthropodes vecteurs en France

Author

Berenger, Jean-Michel, Bourgouin, Catherine, Daugeron, Christophe, Garros, Claire, Le Goff, Gilbert, Plantard, Olivier, Vial, Laurence, Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Contrôle des maladies animales exotiques et émergentes (UMR CMAEE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Biologie, Epidémiologie et analyse de risque en Santé Animale (BIOEPAR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Published
2014

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