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2. Intake, metabolism parameters, and performance of growing beef cattle on pasture supplemented with different rumen undegradable protein with different amino acid profile

Author

Camargo, K. D.V. [UNESP], Messana, J. D. [UNESP], Silva, L. G. [UNESP], Granja-Salcedo, Y. T. [UNESP], Dias, A. V.L. [UNESP], Alves, K. L.G.C. [UNESP], Gonçalves, P. H. [UNESP], Souza, W. A. [UNESP], Reis, R. A. [UNESP], Berchielli, T. T. [UNESP], Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), AGROSAVIA, and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia/Ciência Animal

Subjects
Metabolizable protein, Nitrogen retention, Nellore steer, Body weight gain, Animal Science and Zoology, Amino acid
Abstract

Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-01T15:13:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-04-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation (3 g/kg BW) of RUP rumen undegradable protein (RUP) with different amino acid profile on the intake, rumen fermentation parameters, total-tract apparent digestibility, nitrogen balance, and performance of beef cattle grazing pasture in the rainy season. Two experiments were carried out simultaneously to evaluated intake and metabolism parameters (Exp.1) and animal performance (Exp.2). Exp.1 lasted 84 days and 9 castrated Nellore steers cannulated in the rumen and duodenum (18 ± 2 months old and 350 ± 78 kg initial BW) were assigned in 3 simultaneous 3 × 3 Latin squares design. Exp.2 lasted 112 days and 96 young Nellore bulls (12 ± 3 months old and 240 ± 19 kg initial BW) were assigned in a randomized block design. Animals were kept on pasture of Urochloa brizantha cv. Xaraés (CP = 12.3%), in continuous grazing and put and take method. The treatments were: 1) mineral supplementation (MS; ad libitum), 2) RUP supplementation with corn gluten meal 60 (CGM; 3 g/kg of body weight [BW] per day), and 3) RUP supplementation with protected soybean meal (PSBM; 3 g/kg of BW per day). The supplementation of RUP feed sources with different amino acid profile increased the intakes of DM supplement and CP, and the total-tract apparent digestibility of CP. In addition, animals supplemented with RUP, regardless the amino acid profile, had an increase in the excretion of N in feces and urine. However, both RUP supplementation increased final BW and total BW gain. The ADG of the animals was improved with an additional gain of 195 g/day for CGM and PSBM compared to MS, and no differences between RUP sources were observed. No differences in the intake of DM (kg and % of BW), OM, and forage DM, ruminal pH, and microbial-N across treatments. Animals supplemented PSBM had a greater NDF intake and total VFA concentration compared to CGM. Retaine-N (g/d) was increased by PSBM supplementation compared to MS, but it did not differ between RUP sources. Taken together, the results demonstrate that supplementation of 3 g/kg of BW of RUP with different amino acid profile during the rainy season is an effective nutritional strategy used to improve performance of growing beef cattle grazing pasture. In addition, RUP supplementation improved N metabolism, with PSBM resulting in greater N retained compared to MS supplementation. Department of Animal Science School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP), SP Corporación Colombiana de investigación Agropecuaria AGROSAVIA, Antioquia Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia/Ciência Animal, MG Department of Animal Science School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP), SP CAPES: 001 CNPq: 103922/2019-9 CNPq: 118700/2017-0 FAPESP: 2015/01147-0 FAPESP: 2016/22022-4 FAPESP: 2017/02034-0 FAPESP: 2018/06836-7 FAPESP: 2019/12740-5

Published
2022

5. Long-Term encapsulated nitrate supplementation modulates rumen microbial diversity and rumen fermentation to reduce methane emission in grazing steers

Author

GRANJA-SALCEDO, Y. T., FERNANDES, R. M., ARAUJO, R. C. de, KISHI, L. T., BERCHIELLI, T. T., RESENDE, F. D. de, BERNDT, A., SIQUEIRA, G. R., Yury Tatiana Granja-Salcedo, UNESP, Rodolfo Maciel Fernandes, UNESP/Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios, Rafael Canonenco de Araujo, GRASP, Luciano Takeshi Kishi, UNESP, Telma Teresinha Berchielli, UNESP, Flávio Dutra de Resende, UNESP, ALEXANDRE BERNDT, CPPSE, and Gustavo Rezende Siqueira, UNESP/Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios.

Subjects
Enteric methane emission, Archaea diversity, Gado de Corte, Rumen bacteria, Nitrato, Beef cattle, Fatty acids
Abstract

This study investigated the long-term effects (13 months) of encapsulated nitrate supplementation (ENS) on enteric methane emissions, rumen fermentation parameters, ruminal bacteria, and diversity of archaea in grazing beef cattle. We used a total of thirty-two Nellore steers (initial BW of 197 15.3 kg), 12 of which were fitted with rumen cannulas. For 13 months, the animals were maintained in 12 paddocks and fed a concentrate of ground corn, soybean meals, mineral supplements, and urea (URS) or encapsulated nitrate (EN) containing 70 g of EN/100 kg of BW (corresponding to 47 g NO3/100 kg BW). Encapsulated nitrate supplementation resulted in similar forage, supplement and total DMI values as URS (P > 0.05), but ENS tended to increase (C48 g/d; P = 0.055) average daily weight gain. Daily reductions in methane emissions (- 9.54 g or 18.5%) were observed with ENS when expressed as g of CH4/kg of forage dry matter intake (fDMI) (P = 0.037). Lower concentrations of NH3-N and a higher ruminal pH were observed in ENS groups 6 h after supplementation (P < 0.05). Total VFA rumen concentration 6 h (P = 0.009) and 12 h after supplementation with EN resulted in lower acetate concentrations in the rumen (P = 0.041). Steers supplemented with EN had a greater ruminal abundance of Bacteroides, Barnesiella, Lactobacillus, Selenomonas, Veillonella, Succinimonas, Succinivibrio, and Duganella sp. (P < 0.05), but a lower abundance of Methanobrevibacter sp. (P = 0.007). Strong negative correlations were found between daily methane emissions and Proteobacteria, Erysipelotrichaceae, Prevotellaceae, and Roseburia, Kandleria, Selenomonas, Veillonella, and Succinivibrio sp. (P < 0.05) in the rumen of ENS steers. Encapsulated nitrate is a feed additive that persistently affects enteric methane emission in grazing steers, thereby decreasing Methanobrevibacter abundance in the rumen. In addition, ENS can promote fumarate-reducer and lactateproducer bacteria, thereby reducing acetate production during rumen fermentation. Made available in DSpace on 2019-04-04T00:36:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LongTermEncapsulatedNitrate.pdf: 1790497 bytes, checksum: b5e164fe2868e24522d7b40002bb8cdc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

Published
2019

7. Performance and methane emissions of grazing Nellore bulls supplemented with crude glycerin

Author

Vito, E. San [UNESP], Lage, J. F. [UNESP], Messana, J. D. [UNESP], Dallantonia, E. E. [UNESP], Frighetto, R. T. S., Reis, R. A. [UNESP], Neto, A. J. [UNESP], Berchielli, T. T. [UNESP], Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), Inst Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol Ciencia Anim, and CNPq

Subjects
cattle, greenhouse gas, forage, glycerol, biodiesel coproducts
Abstract

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-28T03:37:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-11-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Supplementation of grass-fed cattle with low-cost feeding alternatives may be an attractive way to improve efficiency of cattle production. We hypothesized that inclusion of crude glycerin (CG) in supplements provided to grass-fed cattle could improve feed conversion without negative effects on growth performance while reducing methane emissions. Our hypothesis was tested using Nellore bulls grazing tropical pasture (n = 50; initial BW of 427 +/- 19.41 kg; age of 17 +/- 2 mo) supplemented with increasing concentrations (0, 70, 140, 210, and 280 g/kg DM basis of supplement) of CG and corn gluten replacing corn grain. A second experiment was conducted using 10 ruminally cannulated Nellore steers (490.1 +/- 47.8 kg BW; age of 25 mo) to assess the impact of different concentrations of glycerin in the supplement on ruminal VFA concentration. Inclusion of CG did not affect total DMI (P = 0.53), DMI of forage (P = 0.41), supplement DMI (P = 0.47), organic matter intake (P = 0.50), crude protein intake (P = 0.24), NDF intake (P = 0.49), GE intake (P = 0.50), NDF digestibility (P = 0.17), final BW (P = 0.17), LM area (P = 0.50), rib fat thickness (P = 0.87), or carcass gain (P = 0.13). The inclusion of CG in the supplement linearly increased (P < 0.001) the molar proportion of propionate, butyrate, and valerate; linearly decreased acetate (P = 0.001); and did not affect the molar proportion of isovalerate (P = 0.31) and isobutyrate (P = 0.63), thereby reducing the acetate to propionate ratio (P < 0.001). The increase of CG supplementation of young bulls in pasture had a quadratic effect on BW gain (P = 0.002), with lower BW gain with 140 g/kg DM of CG in the supplement and tended (P = 0.06) to improve G:F. Inclusion of CG did not affect ruminal CH4 emission expressed in kilograms per year (P = 0.74), grams per kilogram of DMI (P = 0.69), and grams per kilogram of carcass gain (P = 0.48). Crude glycerin supplementation was not effective as a strategy to reduce CH4 emission in grass-fed cattle. However, CG can be effectively used as a partial energy source in supplement of grazing cattle, promoting an improvement in feed efficiency. Sao Paulo State Univ, Coll Agr & Vet Sci, Dept Anim Sci, Via Acesso Prof Paulo Donato Castellane S-N, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Embrapa Environm, Rodovia Campinas,Mogi Mirim Km 127, BR-13820000 Jaguariuna, SP, Brazil Inst Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol Ciencia Anim, Vicosa, MG, Brazil CNPq, Estr Parque Dom Bosco, Brasillia, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Coll Agr & Vet Sci, Dept Anim Sci, Via Acesso Prof Paulo Donato Castellane S-N, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil FAPESP: 2011/06409-2 FAPESP: 2011/00060-8

Published
2016

8. Predicting enteric methane production from cattle in the tropics.

Author

Ribeiro, R. S., Rodrigues, J. P. P., Maurício, R. M., Borges, A. L. C. C., Reis e Silva, R., Berchielli, T. T., Valadares Filho, S. C., Machado, F. S., Campos, M. M., Ferreira, A. L., Guimarães Júnior, R., Azevêdo, J. A. G., Santos, R. D., Tomich, T. R., and Pereira, L. G. R.

Abstract

Accurate estimates of methane (CH4) production by cattle in different contexts are essential to developing mitigation strategies in different regions. We aimed to: (i) compile a database of CH4 emissions from Brazilian cattle studies, (ii) evaluate prediction precision and accuracy of extant proposed equations for cattle and (iii) develop specialized equations for predicting CH4 emissions from cattle in tropical conditions. Data of nutrient intake, diet composition and CH4 emissions were compiled from in vivo studies using open-circuit respiratory chambers, SF6 technique or the GreenFeed® system. A final dataset containing intake, diet composition, digestibility and CH4 emissions (677 individual animal observations, 40 treatment means) obtained from 38 studies conducted in Brazil was used. The dataset was divided into three groups: all animals (GEN), lactating dairy cows (LAC) and growing cattle and non-lactating dairy cows (GCNL). A total of 54 prediction equations available in the literature were evaluated. A total of 96 multiple linear models were developed for predicting CH4 production (MJ/day). The predictor variables were DM intake (DMI), gross energy (GE) intake, BW, DMI as proportion of BW, NDF concentration, ether extract (EE) concentration, dietary proportion of concentrate and GE digestibility. Model selection criteria were significance (P < 0.05) and variance inflation factor lower than three for all predictors. Each model performance was evaluated by leave-one-out cross-validation. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2006) Tier 2 method performed better for GEN and GCNL than LAC and overpredicted CH4 production for all datasets. Increasing complexity of the newly developed models resulted in greater performance. The GCNL had a greater number of equations with expanded possibilities to correct for diet characteristics such as EE and NDF concentrations and dietary proportion of concentrate. For the LAC dataset, equations based on intake and animal characteristics were developed. The equations developed in the present study can be useful for accurate and precise estimation of CH4 emissions from cattle in tropical conditions. These equations could improve accuracy of greenhouse gas inventories for tropical countries. The results provide a better understanding of the dietary and animal characteristics that influence the production of enteric CH4 in tropical production systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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17. Effect of starch-based supplementation level combined with oil on intake, performance, and methane emissions of growing Nellore bulls on pasture

Author

Neto, A. Jose [UNESP], Messana, J. D. [UNESP], Ribeiro, A. F. [UNESP], Vito, E. S. [UNESP], Rossi, L. G. [UNESP], Berchielli, T. T. [UNESP], Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), and Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV)

Subjects
Greenhouse gases, Corn, Ruminant, food and beverages, Tropical grass, Soybean hulls
Abstract

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:03:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-05-01 Intake of tropical grass forages alone is generally insufficient to avoid nutrition imbalances and reduced animal performance; therefore, supplementation is often recommended. The hypothesis of the present study is that when combined with fat, soybean hulls (SH) could replace corn as a source of energy, reducing methane production without affecting animal performance. This study evaluated the effects of starch-based supplementation level combined with oil on intake, digestibility, performance, and methane emissions of growing Nellore bulls (n = 44; initial BW = 250.69 ± 27 kg) fed Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraés during the rainy season. There were no interactions between starch level and oil supplementation with regard to intake of DM (P = 0.67), forage DM (P = 0.55), supplement DM (P = 0.14), OM (P = 0.66), CP (P = 0.74), NDF (P = 0.50), ether extract (EE; P = 0.47), and GE (P = 0.68). The intake of EE was greater for animals supplemented with oil than those fed supplements without oil (P < 0.01). There were no interactions between starch level and oil supplementation on digestibility of DM (P = 0.18), OM (P = 0.11), NDF (P = 0.42), and EE (P = 0.14). Moreover, there was interaction between starch and oil supplementation on GE (P < 0.01). Independent of starch level used, the addition of oil decreased the digestibility of OM (P = 0.04) and NDF (P = 0.03). There were no main effects of starch level, oil, or interaction between starch and oil for initial BW (P = 0.10), final BW (P = 0.94), ADG (P = 0.40), feed efficiency (P = 0.37), and carcass gain (P = 0.38). There was no interaction between starch-based supplementation level and oil on methane emissions when expressed in grams per day (P = 0.77), kilograms per year (P = 0.77), grams per kilogram DMI (P = 0.53), and grams per kilogram carcass gain (P = 0.31). There was, however, an interaction (P = 0.04) between starch level and oil on methane emissions when corrected for NDF intake. Additionally, oil decreased enteric methane emission for intake of GE (P = 0.04) and EE (P < 0.01) of animals fed with starch level. Soybean hulls have an estimated feeding value similar to that of corn. The use of oil supplementation may be effective to reduce enteric methane emission of Nellore bulls raised on pasture. Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias INCT/CA - UFV - Departamento de Zootecnia Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias

Published
2015

26. Performance and methane emissions of grazing Nellore bulls supplemented with crude glycerin.

Author

Vito, E. San, Lage, J. F., Messana, J. D., Dallantonia, E. E., Neto, A. J., Reis, R. A., Berchielli, T. T., and Frighetto, R. T. S.

Subjects
BULLS, GROWTH, METHANE, GRAZING, GLYCERIN, FORAGE, PHYSIOLOGY
Abstract

Supplementation of grass-fed cattle with low-cost feeding alternatives may be an attractive way to improve efficiency of cattle production. We hypothesized that inclusion of crude glycerin (CG) in supplements provided to grass-fed cattle could improve feed conversion without negative effects on growth performance while reducing methane emissions. Our hypothesis was tested using Nellore bulls grazing tropical pasture (n = 50; initial BW of 427 ± 19.41 kg; age of 17 ± 2 mo) supplemented with increasing concentrations (0, 70, 140, 210, and 280 g/kg DM basis of supplement) of CG and corn gluten replacing corn grain. A second experiment was conducted using 10 ruminally cannulated Nellore steers (490.1 ± 47.8 kg BW; age of 25 mo) to assess the impact of different concentrations of glycerin in the supplement on ruminal VFA concentration. Inclusion of CG did not affect total DMI (P = 0.53), DMI of forage (P = 0.41), supplement DMI (P = 0.47), organic matter intake (P = 0.50), crude protein intake (P = 0.24), NDF intake (P = 0.49), GE intake (P = 0.50), NDF digestibility (P = 0.17), final BW (P = 0.17), LM area (P = 0.50), rib fat thickness (P = 0.87), or carcass gain (P = 0.13). The inclusion of CG in the supplement linearly increased (P < 0.001) the molar proportion of propionate, butyrate, and valerate; linearly decreased acetate (P = 0.001); and did not affect the molar proportion of isovalerate (P = 0.31) and isobutyrate (P = 0.63), thereby reducing the acetate to propionate ratio (P < 0.001). The increase of CG supplementation of young bulls in pasture had a quadratic effect on BW gain (P = 0.002), with lower BW gain with 140 g/kg DM of CG in the supplement and tended (P = 0.06) to improve G:F. Inclusion of CG did not affect ruminal CH4 emission expressed in kilograms per year (P = 0.74), grams per kilogram of DMI (P = 0.69), and grams per kilogram of carcass gain (P = 0.48). Crude glycerin supplementation was not effective as a strategy to reduce CH4 emission in grass-fed cattle. However, CG can be effectively used as a partial energy source in supplement of grazing cattle, promoting an improvement in feed efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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28. Degradabilidade in situ do Capim Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia Incubado Cortado ou na Forma de Extrusa

Author

Salman, AKD, Berchielli, T. T., da Silveira, R. N., Soares, WVB, Nogueira, JR, Kronka, S. N., Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), and EEZ

Subjects
ruminant, in situ degradability, In vitro digestibility
Abstract

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2014-02-26T17:13:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000176458800030.pdf: 48277 bytes, checksum: eacc49f40e7787955e5a0c0a84e25c24 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-02-26T17:13:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000176458800030.pdf: 48277 bytes, checksum: eacc49f40e7787955e5a0c0a84e25c24 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000-11-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:29:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000176458800030.pdf: 48277 bytes, checksum: eacc49f40e7787955e5a0c0a84e25c24 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:29:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000176458800030.pdf: 48277 bytes, checksum: eacc49f40e7787955e5a0c0a84e25c24 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000-11-01 The aim of this study was to compare the chemical composition, in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) and ruminal degradation of Panicum maximum, J. cv. Tanzania samples obtained by clipping (square method) or extrusa collection (animal selection). In the in situ trial, three ruminal fistulated dry crossbred cows, with 499 kg LW, were used in a completely randomized block design with split-plot arrangement design. Five grams of clipped (+/- 2 cm) grass or extrusa samples were placed in nylon bags (7 x 14 cm) and rumen incubated during 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96 and 120 hours. The IVDMD and the CP, NDF and ADF content were, respectively, 55.8, 7.6, 81.9 e 43.6%, for the clipped grass and .66.5, 12.1, 78.8 e 39.5%, for the extrusa samples. The potential degradability of DM, C P, NDF and ADF were 62.59, 80.88, 50.73 and 46.65%, for clipped grass; and 79.53, 90.97, 71.21 and 65.68%, for extrusa samples. The quality of the selected animal diet (extrusa) was better than the available forage in terms of IVDMD and chemical composition (high protein and low fiber content). In situ degradability trials carried out with clipped samples, and non selected by animal, could not supply reliable results closed to the animal diet. Univ Estadual Paulista Julio Mesquita Filho, FMVZ, Curso Pos Grad Zootecnia, Botucatu, SP, Brazil UNESP, FCAV, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil UNESP, FMVZ, Curso Pos Grad Zootecnia, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil EEZ, Inst Zootecnia, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista Julio Mesquita Filho, FMVZ, Curso Pos Grad Zootecnia, Botucatu, SP, Brazil UNESP, FCAV, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil UNESP, FMVZ, Curso Pos Grad Zootecnia, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil

Published
2000

29. Comparison of markers of particulate matter to study the flow of duodenal dry and organic matter

Author

Berchielli, T. T., Rodriguez, N. M., Neto, E. O., Rocha, S. S., Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), and Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG)

Subjects
Indigestible ADF, Chromic oxide, Indigestible NDF, Bovine, Ytterbium chloride
Abstract

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2014-02-26T17:16:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000075684800005.pdf: 1712713 bytes, checksum: 8c10e172c7cbae5dab29b1d1f6df1eed (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-02-26T17:16:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000075684800005.pdf: 1712713 bytes, checksum: 8c10e172c7cbae5dab29b1d1f6df1eed (MD5) Previous issue date: 1998-04-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:17:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000075684800005.pdf: 1712713 bytes, checksum: 8c10e172c7cbae5dab29b1d1f6df1eed (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:17:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000075684800005.pdf: 1712713 bytes, checksum: 8c10e172c7cbae5dab29b1d1f6df1eed (MD5) Previous issue date: 1998-04-01 Two external markers (chromic oxide and ytterbium chloride) and two internal markers (indigestible neutral detergent fiber-NDF and indigestible acid detergent fiber-ADF) were compared in order to determine the flow of dry and organic matter in the duodenum. Three steers with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were fed with roughage: concentrate ratios of 80:20 60:40 and 40:60. As these ratios as well as animals and experimental periods did not show significant effects, only markers will be discussed the flow of the duodenal dry matter were 3816.8, 3269.3, 2739.2 and 2713.2g/day and of the organic matter were 3305.1, 2841.6, 2392.2 and 2351.3g/day estimated by chromic oxide, ytterbium chloride, indigestible NDF and indigestible ADF, respectively. The coefficients of ruminal digestion of the dry matter expressed as a percentage of the total digested were 38.8, 57.8, 80.2 and 81.9% and organic matter were 48.4, 65.3 84.8 and 85.7, when estimated by chromic oxide, ytterbium chloride, indigestible NDF and indigestible ADF, respectively. Ir was concluded that different markers lead to different estimation of duodenal flow and indigestible NDF and indigestible ADF are equivalent markers. UNESP, Dept Zootecn, BR-14870000 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil UFMG, Escola Vet, Dept Zootecn, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil UFMG, Dept Quim, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil UNESP, Dept Zootecn, BR-14870000 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil

Published
1998

30. Effect of different volume:concentration relations on intake, apparent digestibility and post-ruminal digestibility of bovine diets

Author

Berchielli, T. T., Rodriguez, N. M., Oliveira, H. P., Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), and Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)

Subjects
steer, Rúmen, duodenum, partial digestibility
Abstract

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2014-02-26T17:08:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WOSA1996WP86700010.pdf: 2170708 bytes, checksum: 87ef9daa23cab941fc9d56afdac4eb8f (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-02-26T17:08:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOSA1996WP86700010.pdf: 2170708 bytes, checksum: 87ef9daa23cab941fc9d56afdac4eb8f (MD5) Previous issue date: 1996-10-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:22:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WOSA1996WP86700010.pdf: 2170708 bytes, checksum: 87ef9daa23cab941fc9d56afdac4eb8f (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:22:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOSA1996WP86700010.pdf: 2170708 bytes, checksum: 87ef9daa23cab941fc9d56afdac4eb8f (MD5) Previous issue date: 1996-10-01 Three steers equipped with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were fed roughage:concentrate ratios 80:20, 60:40 and 40:60 in order to study intake and apparent, rumen and post-rumen digestibilities. The roughage was ''coast cross'' (Cynodon dactylon) hay (5.67% CP and 83.30% NDF). Undigestible neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was used as dry matter (DM) flow marker. DM intake means were 77.99, 91.03 and 91.81g DM/kg BW0.75, for the 20, 40 and 60% concentrate diets, respectively. DM intake for the 20% diet was statistically (P < 0.05) different from the other two diets. Apparent digestion coefficient (%) of DM (50.48, 57.32 and 61.33), organic matter (OM) (52.03, 58.91 and 62.76) and gross energy (GE) (48.95, 56.40 and 60.00) increased significantly with the increase in concentrate ratio of the diets. For the following components the apparent digestion coefficients were not statistically different: NDF (44.54, 45.28 and 42.53), ADF (40.69 44.39 and 43.60), cellulose (51.54, 54.34 and 52.03), hemicellulose (49.63, 46.78 and 39.18) and starch (86.59, 91.89 and 93.21). DM, OM, NDF, ATF, cellulose and starch ruminal and post-ruminal digestibilities were not statistically different. But the ruminal digestibilities of hemicellulose (94.81, 90.26 and 85.99) and EG (93.85, 83.30 and 78.77) decreased significantly as the concentrate ratio of the diets increased. The post-ruminal digestibility of hemicellulose (5.19, 9.74 and 14.03%) and GE (6.12, 16.20 and 21.23%) increased as the concentrate ratio of the diets increased. UFMG,ESCOLA VET,DEPT ZOOTECN,BELO HORIZONT,MG,BRAZIL UFMG,ESCOLA VET,DEPT CLIN & CIRURGIA,BELO HORIZONT,MG,BRAZIL

Published
1996

42. Ruminal microbiology from Nellore steers supplemented with additives in the rainy season.

Author

Dallantonia, E. E., Lage, J. F., Vito, E. San, Torrecilhas, J. A., Castagnino, P. D. S., Delevatti, L. M., Reis, R. A., and Berchielli, T. T.

Subjects
RUMEN microbiology, DIETARY supplements, MONENSIN
Abstract

The aim of study was evaluate the ruminal microbiology from animals fed supplements with monensin (MN), virginiamycin (VM) or both associated (MNVM), in the rainy season. Twelve steers cannulated in the rumen (518.42 ± 55.40 kg) were housed in 12 paddocks (one animal on each paddock) of Brachiaria cv.'Xaraés' and supplemented daily with 0.3% of BW. The diets were: supplement without additives (SUPL), with MN (80 mg/kg), with VM (150 mg/kg) and associated supplement MNVM (80 + 150 mg/kg of MN and VM, respectively). The experiment consisted of four periods of 28 d (27 d of adaptation and 1 d of sampling collection). Animals were housed continuously in the paddocks with animals used in a trial for performance evaluating. The study evaluated the relative proportion of microorganism, R. albus, R. flavefaciens, F. succinogenes, S. ruminantium and methanogenic bacteria on 28th and 118th d of the experimental period (1st and 4th period). This design chosen to show the effect in the short and long term antibiotics. Data were analyzed as a completely randomly design with three replicates by treatment on each period, using the MIXED procedure of SAS. In the first period, the R. albus and methanogenics groups had no effect (P > 0.05) by the use of the two additives. Observed the effect (P < 0.05) of VM and MNVM on the relative proportion of R. flavefaciens, F. succinogenes and S. ruminantium, however, the R. flavefaciens bacteria did not differ from the control group to MN. In the 4th period the relative proportion of F. succinogenes, S. ruminantium increase when used VM and MNVM. The relative proportion of R. flavefaciens did not differ when compared to control group with used MN, however there was decrease the proportion with used VM and MNVM (P <0.05). The methanogenic group showed effect when used VM (P < 0.05). In this study, the virginiamycin had greater control over R. flavefaciens, it is worth noting that the adaptive effect of bacteria was not conserved when the same additive was used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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