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This paper presents a synchronic analysis of two items – bass and ġayr – in Siwi Berber and Arabic L2 spoken in the Siwa Oasis (Egypt). Despite their different etymologies, both items have followed a similar grammaticalization path, going from focus particles to contrastive conjunctions and, in turn, to discourse markers. These three functions are attested in the synchronic stage of both languages under study as well as in other Berber and Arabic varieties. After a general overview of the distribution and functions of bass and ġayr in Arabic and Berber languages, data on Siwi and Arabic L2 are discussed in a comparative fashion. This study shows that the use of bass and ġayr in the two languages largely overlaps, confirms the layered influence of Arabic on Siwi on a diachronic level, and demonstrates the increasing presence of Egyptian Arabic and its dominance over other Arabic varieties in the present day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The Berber languages of North Africa comprise a collection of speech varieties where differences can be found as one moves across a Berber-speaking region, or from oasis to oasis. The varieties have a complex history, with multiple layers of contact, both with non-Berber languages and between Berber languages. These two factors make it difficult to categorise the relationships between Berber varieties, or to use the comparative method to provide a neat history of genetic developments. This paper uses lexicostatistical methods on a large dataset to provide a fine-grained picture of the synchronic relationships between Berber varieties, and thus to contribute to a broader understanding of the history and development of Berber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The noun category exhibits diverse dissimilarities, characterised at the semantic (e.g., countable/uncountable) or/and morphosyntactic (e.g., determined/determinerless) level, which may be more or less important depending on languages. In this paper, we would like to discuss those differences, which we named inter-word and inter-process morphosyntactic variations. The Riffian language served us as a reference in our enquiries, before referring to other languages to show how our discoveries could be applied to them. By putting in perspective those aspects, this led us to propose a formal mathematical model denoted as a Template-Based and Modular Cognitive model. The latter is able to predict the nonlinear dynamic mapping of lexical items onto morphological templates. The aims of this article are thus manifold and cover theoretical issues. We demonstrate that nouns are organised and distributed in modular cognitive sets, having their own morphological template and unmarked forms. The extent of these sets and their number as well as the template, are specific to each language. All sorts of markers can compose with the template, but some, namely countability markers, are prevalent among several languages with no relationship. This approach allows us to explain the marking discrepancies existing between different kinds of nouns (borrowed, proper, countable and uncountable nouns) for a given linguistic variety or between languages. The main assumption of this model is that these irregular markings are caused by a template shift, occurring when items undergo a process of word and meaning formation. Our contribution represents an initial stride toward understanding the fundamental patterns of morphosyntax and opens venues for applying this mathematical model with other behavioural and natural phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Estudios Internacionales Mediterraneos is the property of Taller de Estudios Internacionales Mediterraneos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Strategic & Social Research is the property of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Social Science Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It has long been recognized that the Semitic suffix conjugation and the Berber adjectival perfective suffix conjugation have striking similarities in their morphology, which has been correctly attributed to be the result of a shared inheritance from Proto-Afro-Asiatic. Nevertheless, the function of these conjugations in the respective language families is quite distinct. This article argues that ultimately this suffix conjugation is a predicative suffix in the common ancestor of Berber and Semitic, and moreover shows that Semitic and Berber have significant overlap in the stem formations of adjectives. It is argued that these formations must likewise be reconstructed for their common ancestor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Berber1 clitics are argued to follow the main verb but may appear in a position preceding the verb in the presence of a Complementiser, Negation or Tense. However, there are cases involving a subset of these categories yet the clitics still follow the verb. In this article, it is argued that neither syntax nor phonology alone can handle the full range of clitic alternations. Instead, the placement of these clitics is claimed to involve both syntax and phonology. It is argued that these clitics undergo syntactic movement from a lower position to the left of the verb for licensing purposes. However, clitics in some syntactically well‐formed positions may still be ill‐formed due to prosodic considerations. Assuming copy theory of movement, the variable positioning of clitics is attributed to the spell‐out of different copies in the movement chain, thus obviating the need for phonological movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Erciyes Akademi is the property of Erciyes Universitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper describes the results of an acoustic experiment designed to test the properties of Kabyle Berber's "double" consonants. There is a debate in the literature as to whether these "double" consonants should be analyzed as geminate, long or fortis consonants. I outline the acoustic predictions which each of these labels entail, then measure the acoustic properties of a series of Kabyle words containing both singleton and "double" consonants. Based on the results of the experiment, I conclude that the label "fortis" is the most appropriate for Kabyle "double" consonants.

The Siwi language is spoken in the Siwa oasis in the Egyptian Western Desert. It is the easternmost place where a Berber variety (Afro-Asiatic) is spoken. Siwi is not the only language spoken in the oasis, as the entire population speaks at least one variety (Bedouin and/or Egyptian) of Arabic. Siwi speakers can be firmly differentiated from Egyptians or Bedouins settled in the oasis not only because of their language, but also because of an entire set of customs and traditions that contribute to creating their identity. Though recent factors brought by modernity are levelling the gap between Siwa and the other communities, and Arabic influence on the language is increasing, this article discusses some distinctive historical, socio-cultural and linguistic features of Siwa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Language Contact is the property of Brill Academic Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Amazigh women in Morocco have traditionally suffered triple marginalisation: as women, indigenous and rural. The language and geography of the Atlas Mountains where they live have also made it difficult for them to access the most basic educational and health-care resources. That is why Amazigh women are often represented in many studies as 'illiterate' and 'in need of help'. But a careful examination of the history and the daily reality of Amazigh women reveals another side of the Amazigh women's story that has yet to be told and on which we wish to shed light in this article. We will focus on the agency and resilience of Amazigh women and how they transform their daily reality and vulnerabilities into opportunities that empower them, their families and communities. Through their knowledge and practices, Amazigh women contribute as active agents of civil society, caring not only for the well-being of their own families, but for the development of their community and the legacy of their culture. We provide clear examples of how these women contribute to the local economy and rural development by organising and working in cooperatives dedicated to carpet weaving, argan oil production and arts and crafts. Culture and tradition, reclaimed and preserved by women, emerge as a source of recognition of Amazigh identity, of local community development and of feminist empowerment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Algeria in 1963, a year after the disappearance of the chair of Berber in the wreck of the colonial university, there was a brief flourishing of student demands for the “development of the Kabyle language” and the “creation of an institute for the teaching of Berber”. Formulated by a commission of the Fifth Congress of the Union générale des étudiants musulmans algériens (UGEMA), these were immediately abandoned without ever being submitted to the plenary session. In reconstructing this obscure episode in the light of many sources, including the accounts of participants, this article explores the attitude of the student movement, in the immediate post-independence period (1962–1965), to the question of Berber languages, which were spoken by a fifth of the population but which at the time enjoyed no explicit juridical status. It looks more generally at the positions of this movement on the linguistic problem in Algeria in a context in which the promotion of the “national language”, Arabic, had to reckon with the first questioning of the Arabo-Islamic unanimity imposed by the need for unity against the French occupier.I suggest that the burial of these proposals in favour of Berber languages should be interpreted in the light of the cultural doctrine of the Algerian Communist Party (PCA), then dominant within the framework of the UGEMA, and its general attitude towards the “socialist” regime of Ahmed Ben Bella. While pleading in favour of the promotion/modernisation of Arabic, the PCA recommended the protection not only of French but also of Kabyle, regionalist threats having been removed with the coming of independence. Inherited from the era in which it considered Algeria as a great ethnocultural mosaic, the party’s benevolence towards mother tongues was, nevertheless, confronted by the necessities of its support for the regime, which suspected the demand for recognition of the Berber-speaking community to conceal a project of national division. The PCA’s support for Ben Bella, which went so far as the wish to dissolve into a single great revolutionary party, extended its link with the radical nationalists begun in the late 1940s, radicalised during the War of Liberation (1954–1962) and pursued after 1962. It manifested itself in different forms within the ranks of the UGEMA, which came under communist influence from early 1963. This organisation would adhere to the programme of the FLN, established in 1962 as a single party, and mobilised students in support of the initiatives of the government (joint worker-management control, nationalisation, etc.), notably through voluntary service campaigns. In return, its organic autonomy was generally tolerated by the FLN, and it received subsidies and logistical support.The burial of proposals in favour of Berber languages at the Fifth Congress of the UGEMA would also carry the mark of the alliance of the communists with Ahmed Ben Bella. The openness to multilingualism by the communist cadres of this organisation would have been contradicted by the PCA’s commitments to the regime. Occurring amid the split in the student movement over the pace and priorities of Arabisation, this evasion would have been made easier by another factor: in newly independent Algeria, the minority status of non-written languages was assumed as a matter of course, so much so that only a few intellectuals demanded their recognition. From this viewpoint, the scotching of these proposals before they reached the plenary of the Fifth Congress did not spoil a certain harmony between the communists and the regime over the linguistic problem. Centred on a promotion/modernisation of Arabic that did not sacrifice the French-speaking community, the positions of the PCA in this area corresponded to official language policy. This, in spite of Ahmed Ben Bella’s declarations of Arabist principles, would work objectively not towards the defrancisation of the state and society but rather towards its bilingualisation through a measured promotion of Arabic.By contextualising as fully as possible a little-recognised mini-episode from the Fifth Congress of the UGEMA – and by illuminating, through this episode, the positions of the organisation on the linguistic question – this article emphasises the importance of university cultural debates for a better understanding of both the history of the Algerian student movement and the Berber claim in Algeria.

In this article, we focus on the origin of the Wolof subject-focus construction (SFC) from a dynamic perspective. In Wolof, argument focus is expressed morpho-syntactically by means of copulaless cleft constructions consisting of the juxtaposition of the focus and a free relative clause. The free relative clause is headed by a determiner, which takes the form a in the case of the SFC. The determiner a is not found anywhere else in the language outside of SFC. We hypothesise that Wolof borrowed its SFC from Berber languages. The sociohistorical scenario, based on oral tradition, could have been the emergence of Wolof, as a crucible of contact between peoples of diverse origin including Berber groups. This finding is strengthened by the occurrence of other elements common to Wolof and Berber languages, such as clitic attraction, negation, copula insertion, as well as a number of lexical parallelisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Iberoamericana de Lingüística is the property of Universitas Castellae and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Hair and beard-cutting and styling is a basic human needs. In order to address this demand in Ottoman society, a part of the coffeehouses that emerged during the Kanuni period was reserved for barbers. There were also barbers serving as mobile barbers. With the prohibition of coffee houses, standalone barber shops have emerged in the historical process. The present study mainly spans the nineteenth and the early twentieth century, and the Ottoman Archive documents of the Presidency of the State Archives andsecond-hand sources were utilized. It focuses on what kind of places the barber shops in question were at the time and what the barbers' practices in the field of health consisted of in addition to the services known today. Moreover, the study investigates the approaches of society and the state toward barbers' practices in the field of health. At the conclusion of the study, it was revealed that barbers performed surgical procedures such as tooth extraction, cupping, and circumcision, in addition to hair and beard shaving, and administered treatments by examining patients. Although the barbers' practices in the field of health were recognized by society, it has been determined that people were harmed due to their lack of medical expertise when performing these services. It has been observed that the state had adopted regulatory and supervisory measures after people who applied to barbers for treatment were harmed. Within these measures, it was revealed that non-medical graduates were forbidden from examining patients and administering treatments like doctors; however, barbers intending to offer medical services such as tooth extraction, circumcision, and cupping were permitted, provided they passed the exam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper constitutes the first part of a long-range series of studies gradually elaborating the enormous new materials of the anestral anatomical-physiological vocabulary of Proto-Afro-Asiatic, supposed to be the earliest known parental language spoken by the earliest known neolithic community on earth. This series is parallel to the author's ongoing projects for a comprehensive analysis of the diverse segments of the immense new cultural lexicon that has emerged in course of the author's root research over the past some three decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Berber languages of Morocco – regionally distributed differently: Tarifit, Tamazight and Tashelhit – were subjected to a standardization process only at the beginning of the 21st century. The so-called Amazigh emerged as a standard language. The Institut Royal de la Culture Amazighe, founded in 2001 specifically for the preservation and promotion of Berber, was given the task of initiating and controlling the standardization process. In 2008, a reference grammar of standard Amazigh was published, which will be examined more closely in the following article with regard to the orthographic specifications for the spelling of nominal units. In doing so, the critical examination of orthography will be conducted in a relatively unconventional manner. The written form of Tarifit used within a Facebook group will be analyzed in order to compare the word spellings with the spelling rules of the standard Amazigh grammar. Tarifit is used extensively in social networks in certain contexts and the preferred writing system is Latin. The French-language grammar description of the standard Amazigh uses for the object language level the so-called Tifinagh. However, this writing system is hardly used in Moroccan society not only due to a lack of acceptance. Likewise, the use of standard Amazigh in society is almost non-existent. Lay transcriptions in social networks can be very informative with regard to word spellings. The grammar description for the standard Amazigh can be criticized from different perspectives and is in urgent need of a linguistically based revision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Berber languages display a number of characteristic asymmetries in negative utterances as compared to positive ones. This paper focuses on Kabyle, and analyzes its main typological characteristics concerning negation, namely an asymmetry at the level of the aspect-mood system, a binary distinction between two non-verbal negative predications (existential-locative and attributive-equative), as well as a postverbal ‘reinforcement’ strategy whose grammaticalization and prosody will be analyzed in detail. Other dimensions of negation are presented, in order to give an overview of the system as a whole. The synthesis puts the Kabyle system of negation into perspective within the Berber language family.

In Tashlhiyt Berber nouns, grammatical gender is usually expressed on both edges of the noun by the segment /t/. However, at the right edge, there is another, more minor pattern: many grammatically feminine nouns end in a vowel. The regular realization involves a final /t/ associated to a suffixal CV unit. Vowel-final feminine nouns are derived when a final stem vowel is associated to the V position of the suffix, blocking the association of the /t/. This right-edge effect is a mirror-image of Bendjaballah's (2011) analysis of the left-edge inflection of vowel-initial stems. The distribution of gender marking in loans provides further supports to this analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: People with schizophrenia are more stigmatized than those with other mental illnesses. Stigmatization can be measured using the English version of Stigma Measurement Scale contained in the explanatory model interview catalogue (EMIC). Objectives: This study aimed to translate the English version of Stigma Measurement Scale into Berber language and validate the translated version. Methods: This study was conducted in public hospitals in southern Morocco, which are predominantly Berber-speaking. The psychometric properties of the stigma scale contained in the EMIC were validated on a sample including 128 individuals. Results: According to the Cronbach's alpha (α= 0.826) and the internal convergence calculated by Pearson's statistic, that the interitem correlation was significant. Also, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was significant. The added item, concerning the COVID-19 situation has a similar psychometric value to the other items. Conclusions: According to our results, the Berber version of the Stigma Measurement Scale is culturally acceptable and can be used in Moroccan society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper contains new etymological entries to Berber lexical roots and is part of a long-range series eventually resulting, when completed, in materials for an etymological dictionary of Berber, a desired addition to the fascicles of the comparative dictionary of Berber roots (DRB). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper proposes to study language self-management in a context of linguistic minorization through the glottopolitical actions undertaken by speakers of two minority languages, Berber and Kurdish. Apart from a few recently emerging institutes with limited powers, these two languages have not had national institutions that could take charge of the main areas of glottopolitical interventions such as standardisation, the development of literacy, graphy, terminology, neology, documentation, etc. In the unfavourable conditions in which these languages evolve, the performance of these tasks falls to language speakers and professionals (writers, journalists, linguistic activists, etc.) who are led to develop strategies and means of glottopolitical intervention in their languages.The analysis of all glottopolitical actions (development of notation systems, grammar books and dictionaries, and collective commitment to the official recognition of languages) shows how they are part of a language self-management thought and shaped by speakers as glottopolitical actors.

The paper contains 63 common Berber zoonyms denoting domesticated and wild animals and their cognates in various branches of the Afrasian (Afro-Asiatic, Afroasiatic, Semito-Hamitic) macro-family including reconstructed proto-forms for each branch and the macro-family. The research is based on the classical comparative and historical method relying on the established sound correspondences between the languages of every taxon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tradition Oral Literature / Boletín de Literatura Oral is the property of Boletin de Literatura Oral and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The reconstruction of the Proto-Chadic (PC) vowel system has hitherto been considered impossible. Proposals covered one (*a), two (*a, *ə), three (*a, *i, *u) and four (*a, *ə, *i, *u) vowels. The one-vowel solution gains support by evidence from mainly the languages of the Central Chadic branch, together with the notion of palatalisation and labialisation prosodies, which create particular 'colourings' for vowels and consonants in phonetic surface realisations and have been discovered to operate in all branches of the family, but to very different extent. Based on new insights into the phonological history of Central Chadic (Wolff 2022, forthcoming), at variance with Gravina (2014), and referring back to a typology of Chadic vowel systems suggested by Schuh (2017), we can now tentatively delineate the development from a minimal vowel inventory */a/, *[ə] in PC to vowel systems of between one and 15 (short and long) phonemic vowels in modern Chadic languages. Diachronic vowel-system typology in Chadic allows a critical review of received wisdom concerning vowel systems elsewhere in Afroasiatic, potentially touching on issues pertaining to the internal sub-classification of the phylum. At least the vowel system of Tashelhiyt (Berber) corresponds in essential details to the PC minimal vowel system, a non-trivial observation that raises questions concerning genetic heritage, language contact, and/or areal innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue Académique des Études Sociales et Humaines is the property of Hassif Benbouali University of Chlef and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This essay investigates and contextualises the emergence and evolution of the discipline of language and gender in North Africa in an attempt to remedy the underrepresentation of this region in scholarship. I ground this essay in my experiences with language and gender in Morocco and the International Gender and Language Association (IGALA), both of which were central in shaping my academic journey. The pre- and post-Uprisings periods surrounding what is often discussed as the 'Arab Spring' in the early 2010s carried serious consequences for the emergence of language and gender as a discipline. These moments and my involvement in them were deeply impacted by specific historical, sociopolitical and intellectual dimensions, most saliently the women's movement and the discipline of linguistics. My essay draws on these experiences to advocate for the importance of decolonising the international language and gender canon with North African perspectives that move beyond English and the Global North. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article aims at presenting the mysticism and beauty of Maghreb mirrored in the art and traditions of the Berbers, Kabylie and Tuareg people, who brought a generous contribution to the development and maintenance of their artistic and traditional values from the North African land.

Tasahlit is a Northern Berber language spoken in the Babor Mountains, off the northeast coast of Algeria. It is spoken close to the linguistic area of Jijel Arabic: a Maghrebi Arabic variety considered to be “pre-Hilalian”, that is to say originated from the first wave of Arabization of North Africa (7th-9th century). Both of these languages belong to the Afro-Asian phylum (formerly Hamito-Semitic).This Berber-Arabic contact situation at the heart of Eastern Kabylia is the source of deep convergence in the two systems, at different linguistic levels. The morphosyntax of negation is one of the areas that are most affected by this contact in Tasahlit. The developments that we noted, more or less appropriable to convergence, by no means simplified the whole but rather caused a multiplication of forms and rules. Negation is one of the most studied morphosyntactic areas in both Berber languages and Maghrebi Arabic (Galand, 1994; Chaker & Caubet, 1996; Mettouchi, 1996, 2009; Lucas, 2007, 2013; Lafkioui & Brugnatelli, 2017, 2020), and it has often been discussed in relation to Berber-Arabic convergence (Brugnatelli, 2014; Lafkioui & Brugnatelli, 2020; Kahlouche, 2000; Mettouchi, 2012; Kossmann, 2013; Lucas, 2007, 2009, 2013, 2017; Souag, 2018). In this article, convergence is understood as a trans-linguistic change characterized by approximation between structures of different linguistic systems. This convergence is mainly observable in extensive contact situations (Thomason & Kaufman, 1988). The old and intense contact between Maghrebi Arabic and Berber is sometimes part of convergence dynamics, which vary in intensity from one contact area to another (Kossmann, 2013). Observable differences between Arabic-Berber contact situations provide us with valuable data about the diversity of their sociohistorical conditions (Souag, 2009).Negation presents a certain number of characteristics in Tasahlit: this language has the highest diversity of negation markers in Berber. Each of these varieties certifies the use of a series of preverbal and postverbal negators that are sometimes specific to a certain language. Among the latter, multiple borrowings from Arabic continue to be grammaticalized as markers which were added to the plurality of preexisting negation markers of Berber origin. Moreover, the syntax of negation in Berber presents variability in particular developments depending on the Berber language it concerns. Again, the different Tasahlit varieties show original results, marked by the erosion of the old system, more or less preserved.In the present work, we need to describe “neo-negators”, their origins through their grammaticalization path, as well as the changes that they cause on the morphosyntax of negation in Tasahlit Berber. This analysis is conducted by interrogating convergence between Northern Berber and Maghrebi Arabic. The Tasahlit Berber area (≈ 200,000 speakers) comprises close to fifteen varieties, most of which were never described. In March 2020, we investigated the issue of negation in Tasahlit through fieldwork, in addition to the data gathered since 2018 through multiple other fieldworks. During this investigation, we held some taped interviews with speakers originating from 9 Tasahlit-speaking confederations. The gathered data was then compared to that of other Berber languages, of Maghrebi Arabic, of Levantine Arabic, and of Classical Arabic.We have prepared the etymons of negation markers of Berber origin collected from the different varieties, along with two series of verbal negators grammaticalized through elements borrowed from Arabic: ṭḥu and xṭu. The first series comes from an original grammaticalization of the Arabic verb ʔaḍḥā “make/become in the morning (ḍuḥā)”.The second one is more predictable, since its value XṬ “lack” is already negative. We have shown that these grammaticalizations of words borrowed as modal/non-declarative verbal negation markers occurred through their use in emphatic or nominal and non-modal negation.These neo-negators cause or complement multiple morphosyntactic changes. These transformations result in forms that are closer to Arabic than to conservative Berber. This issue deserves to be studied from the perspective of convergence, even though most of the time internal motivations could be raised. We have noted that the use of neo-negators resulted in:- The reinforcement of the tendency to drop the negative perfect.- The erosion of the phenomenon of attraction of satellite verbs. - The emergence of the possibility of negatively flexing a statement in aorist + particle.- The reinforcement of verbal negation through one unique preverbal negator. Multiple noted phenomena correspond to simplifications of the system caused by an exhaustion of specific markings. In other Berber varieties, many syntactic evolutions caused by the use of neo-negators are known at different degrees, but their combination in Tasahlit constitutes a particularly original case. We believe that, in the event that these neo-negators totally replace their pan-berber correspondents, and in one that the syntactic erosions currently underway come to an end, one could speak about a typological shift of negation in Tasahlit Berber, marked by an approximation with data from Maghrebi Arabic.

The present study investigates the grammatical origin of the postverbal negator ḇu in Rif Berber (Afroasiatic, Berber; North, Northeast, and Northwest Morocco) and in Moroccan Arabic of Oujda (Afroasiatic, Semitic; Northeast Morocco), the only languages in which it is commonly attested up till now. Based on new data obtained from recent fieldwork in Morocco, the study will demonstrate that this negator is most probably of Berber origin and has been construed out of an existential by system-internal grammaticalization. The study will also provide evidence for quadruple negation marking in Rif Berber, relating to a reduplication of the ḇu-negator. Moreover, it will show how Berber constantly innovates its cyclical negation system, in which, in this case, different Jespersen Cycles and a Negative Existential Cycle are interlaced. Accordingly, the study will prove that ḇu in Moroccan Arabic is an innovation phenomenon induced by contact with Rif Berber and instantiated through the processes of pattern replication and matter borrowing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intersections of various inequalities impact the lives of amazigh women in Morocco. This paper addresses the situation of special vulnerability experienced by these amazigh women: for being women, indigenous and rural population. Thus patriarchy, racism and classism intersect, weaving a construct of oppression. But along with making visible and denouncing the situation of vulnerability of amazigh women, we also want to value the contributions of these women to the development of their communities, the wellbeing of their families and the sustainability of life. Through the recognition of their identity, and from their historical-cultural legacy, these women are moving from vulnerability to empowerment. The amazigh women's agency and its resistance are a source of learning and inspiration for the construction of cultures to make peace(s). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the state alternation in Kabyle, arguing that state is the morphological realization of Case. The free state is accusative case, and the construct state is nominative case. Taking morphological patterns and syntactic distribution into account, Kabyle is found to be a Type 2 marked nominative language. Both states, or cases, are morphologically marked. The free state is the default case. This analysis accounts for the bulk of the distribution of free state and construct state nouns, and situates Kabyle as belonging to a typologically rare alignment system that is concentrated in Afroasiatic and African languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A survey looking at the different recipes of a mash made from wild grasses in the Babor Mountains in Algeria allowed us to study different linguistic phenomena related to the contact between Arabic and Berber in two of their varieties: the Jijelian Arabic (əž-Žīžlīya) and Berber Tasaḥlit (Ṯasaḥlit). We tried to broaden our field of study to describe that dish — and some comparable recipes attested among the Kabyle mountains —, to describe their places in these societies, and to question the collected linguistic data and their ethnolinguistic motivations, which led us to explore the fields of ethnobiology and culinary ethnology. Our results demonstrated the importance of the conservation of that dish for the transmission of knowledge related to local agroecosystems, in this area, which is experimenting an ever-increasing rural exodus.

Abstract: The aim of the present paper is to provide evidence for the existence, in Kabyle (Berber), of the grammatical role ‘Direct Object’, and to define it using a non-aprioristic, empirical methodology. The definition, based on the analysis of corpus data, involves formal means pertaining to morphology, syntax and prosody. Prosodic segmentation is not only crucial for the definition of the category; it also serves as supporting evidence for the tightness of the relationship between verb and direct object. Keywords: direct object; prosody; segmentation; Kabyle; Berber; grammatical relations. Resumo: O objetivo deste artigo é oferecer evidências para a existência da função gramatical “Objeto Direto” em kabile (berbere) e defini-lo utilizando uma metodologia empírica, não-apriorística. A definição, baseada na análise de dados de corpus, envolve meios formais pertinentes à morfologia, sintaxe e prosódia. A segmentação prosódica não é apenas crucial para a definição da categoria, mas também serve como evidência em favor da coesão da relação entre verbo e objeto direto. Palavras-chave: objeto direto; prosódia; segmentação; kabile; berbere; relações gramaticais.

Resumen. Presentamos la traducción al español y el estudio comparado de un cuento oral, Hamu el pícaro y la bruja, que fue registrado por Abdelhak Konaydi en 2016. La narradora, del pueblo de Laazzanen, en la comarca de Beni-Ansar (Nador), en Marruecos, se expresa en una variedad de la lengua rifeña (bereber) del nordeste del país. El cuento está protagonizado por un personaje burlador, tramposo o trickster, que vence a una bruja caníbal. Muestra paralelismos con los relatos de Pedro Urdemalas o Pedro de Malasartes, que es el trickster típico en muchos cuentos folclóricos españoles. El relato rifeño es una secuencia de los tipos narrativos internacionales ATU 1563, ATU 175 y ATU 327C. Y contiene, además, una gran cantidad de motivos folclóricos migratorios. Abstract. We present the translation into Spanish and the comparative study of an oral tale, that of Hamu the trickster and the witch, which was registered by Abdelhak Konaydi in 2016. The narrator, from the town of Laazzanen, in the Beni-Ansar region (Nador), in Morocco, speaks in a variety of the Riffian language (Rif Berber) in the northeast of the country. The story features a trickster protagonist who defeats a cannibal witch. It shows parallelisms with the stories of Pedro Urdemalas or Pedro de Malasartes, who is the typical trickster in many Spanish folk tales. The story from the Riff is a sequence of the international narrative types ATU 1563, ATU 175 and ATU 327C. In addition, it contains a large number of migratory folkloric motifs.

Copyright of En la España Medieval is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archeologia Medievale: Cultura Materiale, Insediamenti, Territorio is the property of All'Insegna del Giglio s.a.s. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

By combining qualitative (synchronic and diachronic) and quantitative (algorithmic) approaches, this study examines the nature, structure, and dynamics of the linguistic variation attested in Berber of the Rif area (North, Northwest, and Northeast Morocco). Based on a cross-level corpus of data obtained from the Atlas linguistique des varieties berbères du Rif (Lafkioui 2007) and from numerous linguistic, sociolinguistic, and ethnographic fieldwork investigations in the area since 1992, this study shows that these Berber varieties form a language continuum with the following five stable core aggregates, which cut across administrative and political borders: Western Rif Berber, West-Central Rif Berber, Central Rif Berber, East-Central Rif Berber, and Eastern Rif Berber. Furthermore, data mining studies made it possible to objectively identify the principal aggregate discriminators of the Rif Berber continuum, which are dealt with in the study. A special focus in the article is put on the interplay between system-internal and system-external parameters for the selection, diffusion, and transformation of variants in Rif Berber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]