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In the scientific literature, there is little evidence of empirical research concerning the impact of fair trade (FT) on shopping behaviour (this is practically non-existent, if we consider studies in emerging economies. For this reason, the aim of this research is to analyse to what extent consumers value FT practices in the context of an emerging economy and how these affect their purchase intentions. For this purpose, partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) is used. The data are based on a sample of 409 consumers of an emerging economy (Peru). According to the results, the intention to purchase FT products by Peruvian consumers depends directly on the variables FT knowledge and attitude towards FT. Furthermore, the indirect influence on the purchase intention of the beliefs about FT variable is verified. On the other hand, the results obtained indicate that there are no differences between Peruvian women and men in terms of direct relations among model constructs. These results enable understanding consumer valuations of emerging economies concerning the responsible practices of firms. The study's findings have significant implications for the management of FT by public organisations and firms. There is evidence that consumers can start to value these FT policies, since they show a favourable disposition towards the consumption of products made or marketed with FT practices.

This study identifies the franchisee profiles that franchisors prefer. Specifically, the goals of this study are: (1) to identify the characteristics that form the franchisee profile preferred by the franchisors operating in the Spanish market and (2) to contrast diverse hypotheses related to this profile. These hypotheses are related to the ideal franchisee, sector, financial level, number of franchisee units and age of franchisors. Criteria that franchisors look for in potential franchisees are ranked by importance. The value of the paper is significant as it provides a practical framework for franchisors for the selection process of franchisees when choosing from a group of potential franchisees. The franchisee profile was obtained using conjoint analysis, which is a decomposition methodology that is rarely used in this field. Article in English. Franšizė, jos naudotojai: Ispanijos atvejis Santrauka.Šio straipsnio autoriai, atlikę tyrimą, nustato, ko nori franšizės naudotojai, rinkdamiesi franšizę. Autorių atlikto tyrimo tikslai susiję – nustatyti savybes, būdingas franšizei (veikiančiai Ispanijos rinkoje), ir patvirtinti arba paneigti iškeltas hipotezes, susijusias su franšize. Šios hipotezės yra tiesiogiai susijusios su franšize, tam tikrais sektoriais, kuriuose jos dominuoja, taip pat finansiniu franšizės naudotojų lygiu, franšizės skaičiumi ir franšizės turėtojų amžiumi. Potencialių franšizės turėtojų kriterijai reitinguojami pagal svarbą. Reikšminiai žodžiai: kriterijus,franšizė,atranka,pirmenybė.

Research and practice show that effective management of service recovery processes boosts customer satisfaction. Under this assumption, the purpose of this paper is to analyze a set of factors which may determine satisfaction with recovery processes and loyalty. We also analyze the role of age as potential moderating. Segmenting customers' samples by age may potentially contribute to more effective service recovery process management. Older customers seem to be more loyal when dealing with service providers than younger customers, while younger customers are more demanding in terms of companies' efforts. Implications for both literature and practice are included at the front-end of the paper. Article in English. Vartotojų amžiaus įtaka paslaugų vertinimui Santrauka.Tiek moksliniai tyrimai, tiek ir praktika rodo, kad grąžinimo procesų valdymo veiksmingumas skatina klientų pasitenkinimą. Remiantis šia prielaida, straipsnio tikslas yra išanalizuoti veiksnius, turinčius įtakos klientų pasitenkinimo lygiui ir lojalumui. Taip pat analizuojamas ir vartotojų amžiaus rodiklis, jo potencialo kaita. Atsižvelgiant į tai, klientai buvo sugrupuoti pagal amžių ir buvo analizuojama, kaip vieni ar kiti procesai juos veikia. Atliktas tyrimas parodė, kad vyresnio amžiaus klientai yra labiau ištikimi nei jaunesni, o jaunesni klientai yra reiklesni įmonių teikiamoms paslaugoms. Reikšminiai žodžiai: paslaugos,klientų pasitenkinimas,lojalumas,amžius.

Knowing the factors that affect the export performance has become one of the most recent research lines in the literature relative to business internationalisation. In this sense, several works based on the meta-analysis technique have come up in the two last decades in order to recapitulate the set of studies which have analysed such a topic. Taking these reviews as a starting point, we may establish that there is not a clear relationship between the entry mode and export performance variables. With a study on a sample of 122 Spanish hotels all over the world, we have the intention of analysing the existence and sense of the relationship between both variables. As a conclusion, we may state that the market entry mode has a positive and significant influence on export performance. Article in English. Ar įėjimo į užsienio rinką strategijos pasirinkimas turi įtakos eksporto skatinimui? Ispanijos viešbučių sektoriaus pavyzdys Santrauka.Veiksniai, turintys įtakos eksportui ir jo skatinimui, buvo vienas svarbiausių aspektų atliekant mokslinės literatūros analizę verslo internacionalizacijos tematika. Remdamiesi atliktais moksliniais darbais, reziumuojančiais atliktų tyrimų per keletą dešimtmečių rezultatus būtent šia tematika, autoriai kaip atskaitos tašką ėmė prielaidą, kad nėra aiškaus ir stipraus ryšio tarp pateikimo rinkai bei eksporto skatinimo. Straipsnyje iškeltas tikslas remiantis 122 Ispanijos viešbučių, išsidėsčiusių visame pasaulyje, analize nustatyti sąryšio laipsnį tarp pasirinktų kintamųjų. Analizės ir tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad pateikimo rinkai strategija turi teigiamą ir labai reikšmingą poveikį eksporto skatiminui. Reikšminiai žodžiai:pateikimas rinkai,eksporto skatinimas,viešbučių sektorius.

Tourism is one of the main economic drivers for many countries. The travel agency industry is closely related to tourism. This industry is greatly affected by the global economic crisis. Therefore, it is necessary to establish new forms of marketing in order to overcome the crisis. Franchising is a good option for many firms who want to overcome the crisis by the expansion of their brand. The main goal of this study is to analyze the current situation and possible tendencies of the travel agencies franchises. Also, another goal of this study is to identify possible strategic groups within the travel agency industry, operating under the franchise system. For this purpose we focus on a developed franchise system, as is the case of the Spanish market. Some interesting results are obtained from this study. O turismo é um dos mais importantes impulsionadores económicos para muitos países. A indústria das agências de viagens está intimamente ligada ao turismo. Esta indústria está a ser afectada pela crise económica global. Por esse motivo é necessário criar novas formas de marketing de modo a superar a crise. O franchising é uma boa opção para muitas empresas que desejam vencer a crise expandindo a sua marca. O principal objectivo deste estudo é analisar a actual situação e as possíveis tendências do franchising de agências de viagens. Um outro objectivo é identificar possíveis grupos estratégicos no interior da indústria das agências de viagens, operando em sistemas de franchising. Para este propósito focamo-nos num sistema de franchising desenvolvido, como é o caso do mercado espanhol. Alguns resultados interessantes são obtidos neste estudo.