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Achilles tendon ruptures in collegiate gymnastics have significantly increased in the past few years, with 20 ruptures in the first three weeks of competition alone in 2020 according to Bonanno et al., 2022. Female gymnasts are ten times more likely to tear their Achilles than any other college athletes, with an incidence of 16.73/100,000. Men’s basketball has the next highest incidence at 4.26/100,000 (Bonanno et al., 2022). Contributing factors for the increase in ruptures are not well researched or understood. This paper will explore the relevant literature on the risk factors of tears and return to sport protocols. It will touch on early rehab but mainly focus on return to sport testing and progression for gymnastics from a physical therapy perspective. It will explore topics discussed in interviews with numerous sports physical therapists with extensive gymnastics or collegiate athletics experience. Gymnastics is a very technical sport where each athlete has individual skills with different biomechanical requirements; therefore, needs vary between athletes. This paper aims to address the transition phase between the time when surgical protocols allow a return to sport and the actual return to performance during recovery. In this specific domain, there is an ongoing need for prospective, longitudinal studies to investigate testing and outcome measures tailored to gymnastics. These studies can play a crucial role in guiding athletes, trainers, coaches, and therapists in facilitating a safe and effective return to performance after surgery.

Abstract Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is among the most farmed finfish worldwide, distributed across different environmental conditions. Its wide distribution has mainly been facilitated by several breeding programs and widespread dissemination of genetically improved strains. In the first Nile tilapia study exploiting a whole‐genome pooled sequencing (Poolseq) approach, we identified the genetic structure and signatures of selection in diverse, farmed Nile tilapia populations, with a particular focus on the GIFT strain, developed in the 1980s, and currently managed by WorldFish (GIFTw). We also investigated important farmed strains from The Philippines and Africa. Using both SNP array data and Poolseq SNPs, we characterized the population structure of these samples. We observed the greatest separation between the Asian and African populations and greater admixture in the Asian populations than in the African ones. We also established that the SNP array data were able to successfully resolve relationships between these diverse Nile tilapia populations. The Poolseq data identified genomic regions with high levels of differentiation (FST) between GIFTw and the other populations. Gene ontology terms associated with mesoderm development were significantly enriched in the genes located in these regions. A region on chromosome Oni06 was genetically differentiated in pairwise comparisons between GIFTw and all other populations. This region contains genes associated with muscle‐related traits and overlaps with a previously published QTL for fillet yield, suggesting that these traits may have been direct targets for selection on GIFT. A nearby region was also identified using XP‐EHH to detect genomic differentiation using the SNP array data. Genomic regions with high or extended homozygosity within each population were also identified. This study provides putative genomic landmarks associated with the recent domestication process in several Nile tilapia populations, which could help to inform their genetic management and improvement.

Abstract Background The Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is the third most important freshwater fish for aquaculture. Its success is directly linked to continuous breeding efforts focusing on production traits such as growth rate and weight. Among those elite strains, the Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) programme initiated by WorldFish is now distributed worldwide. To accelerate the development of the GIFT strain through genomic selection, a high-quality reference genome is necessary. Results Using a combination of short (10X Genomics) and long read (PacBio HiFi, PacBio CLR) sequencing and a genetic map for the GIFT strain, we generated a chromosome level genome assembly for the GIFT. Using genomes of two closely related species (O. mossambicus, O. aureus), we characterised the extent of introgression between these species and O. niloticus that has occurred during the breeding process. Over 11 Mb of O. mossambicus genomic material could be identified within the GIFT genome, including genes associated with immunity but also with traits of interest such as growth rate. Conclusion Because of the breeding history of elite strains, current reference genomes might not be the most suitable to support further studies into the GIFT strain. We generated a chromosome level assembly of the GIFT strain, characterising its mixed origins, and the potential contributions of introgressed regions to selected traits.

Abstract Labeo rohita

Pathway programs exist to prepare students for progression into university degrees but the transition experience for many students may not be as smooth as is suggested by the notion of the pathway. While attending a pathway program and at the beginning of their university degree, students may be in a third space, a liminal space where they engage in a complex process of becoming. They are required to negotiate a world shaped by different, and often conflicting discourses. In this productive space, identities can be explored and interrogated providing the potential for cultural adaptation and exchange. Using the "third space" to understand the student experience of transition, this paper examines interview responses from a group of postgraduate coursework international students as they complete a pathway program and begin to study in a degree program. Participants are found to be third space strategists as they translate their previous ways of learning, collaborate with other students, and reflect on their English language development. In some ways, these students demonstrate a better understanding of the cultural process of adjustment than the institution in which they study. These insights from students can inform curriculum design both in pathway and disciplinary contexts leading to the development of more relevant orientation and teaching programs.

Academic literacies research emphasizes the importance of social context for understanding student writing development in higher education. In particular, students' choices of textual practices are shaped by perceptions of disciplinary norms and institutional expectations. In contemporary online learning environments, however, student writing is increasingly guided by advice from digital products -- referred to in this paper as 'third-party products'. These are developed by commercial providers external to students' disciplines and institutions and include machine-based tools for analyzing texts, content-based courses on writing, and person-based services connecting students to writing tutors via online platforms. These products appear to offer universities the opportunity to outsource the task of developing student writing, however, they position writing as a technical process and elide the role of social context in determining what 'good' writing is. This paper locates third-party products within theories of academic writing, discussing implications for student writing development in 'distributed' university learning environments.

New plays set in the past continue to make up a significant proportion of theatre productions in England. This article argues that there is much to gain by recognising such works as 'history plays', deploying a broad understanding of this grouping as constituting plays that make a claim to be set in the past. We draw on a range of plays, including as case studies Moira Buffini's Handbagged, Peter Morgan's The Audience, and Lucy Kirkwood's The Welkin, locating them in the landscape of contemporary theatre whilst identifying tropes and conventions of representing the past that have a history of their own. Thinking inclusively about the history play also highlights the connections between how stage, screen, and England's wider heritage society portray the past. Rather than using another set of categories for measuring plays, this article proposes the activation of modes as a way of understanding how history is invoked in new playwriting and performance. In this theorisation, the different modes – which we name as heritage, the historical record, and creative licence – become the tools through which we can consider what cultural authority is being drawn on in specific moments within a history play, addressing both playwriting and performance practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Tilapia is one of the most abundant species in aquaculture. Hypoxia is known to depress growth rate, but the genetic mechanism by which this occurs is unknown. In this study, two groups consisting of 3140 fish that were raised in either aerated (normoxia) or non-aerated pond (nocturnal hypoxia). During grow out, fish were sampled five times to determine individual body weight (BW) gains. We applied a genome-wide association study to identify SNPs and genes associated with the hypoxic and normoxic environments in the 16th generation of a Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia population. Results In the hypoxic environment, 36 SNPs associated with at least one of the five body weight measurements (BW1 till BW5), of which six, located between 19.48 Mb and 21.04 Mb on Linkage group (LG) 8, were significant for body weight in the early growth stage (BW1 to BW2). Further significant associations were found for BW in the later growth stage (BW3 to BW5), located on LG1 and LG8. Analysis of genes within the candidate genomic region suggested that MAPK and VEGF signalling were significantly involved in the later growth stage under the hypoxic environment. Well-known hypoxia-regulated genes such as igf1rb, rora, efna3 and aurk were also associated with growth in the later stage in the hypoxic environment. Conversely, 13 linkage groups containing 29 unique significant and suggestive SNPs were found across the whole growth period under the normoxic environment. A meta-analysis showed that 33 SNPs were significantly associated with BW across the two environments, indicating a shared effect independent of hypoxic or normoxic environment. Functional pathways were involved in nervous system development and organ growth in the early stage, and oocyte maturation in the later stage. Conclusions There are clear genotype-growth associations in both normoxic and hypoxic environments, although genome architecture involved changed over the growing period, indicating a transition in metabolism along the way. The involvement of pathways important in hypoxia especially at the later growth stage indicates a genotype-by-environment interaction, in which MAPK and VEGF signalling are important components.

Abstract Nile tilapia is predominantly produced in smallholder ponds without aeration. We hypothesize that Nile tilapia with high oxygen uptake efficiency (O2UE) may perform better under these conditions than Nile tilapia with low O2UE. Critical swimming speed (U crit, in cm s−1) is a potential indicator for O2UE. Our objectives were to estimate variance components for U crit and fish size at swim testing early in life, and genetic correlations (r g ) between U crit with harvest weight (HW) and daily growth coefficient (DGC) later after grow-out in a non-aerated pond. Substantial heritability was found for absolute U crit (0.48). The estimated r g between absolute U crit and fish size at testing were all strong and positive (range 0.72–0.83). The estimated r g between absolute U crit and HW, and absolute U crit and DGC were − 0.21 and − 0.63 respectively, indicating that fish with higher absolute U crit had lower growth in the non-aerated pond as compared to fish with lower absolute U crit. These results suggest a juvenile trade-off between swimming and growth performance where fish with high U crit early in life show slower growth later under conditions of limited oxygen availability. We conclude that U crit in Nile tilapia is heritable and can be used to predict growth performance.