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Les intoxications aigiies par les pesticides organophosphorés (OP) sont responsables d'une lourde mortalité mondiale, en particulier dans les pays en voie de développement à fort potentiel agricole. Ces produits OP sont responsables d'intoxications de gravité variable selon la nature du composé et des quantités ingérées. Le présent travail porte - sur l'étude de l'effet de la toxicité sur l'activité cholinestérasique et quelques paramètres de la fonction hépatique chez les rats mâles Wister gavés par l'insecticide « le chlorpyrifos ». Les rats adultes reçoivent pendant trois mois le chlorpyrifos par gavage à la dose DL50/10. A la fin de l'expérimentation le sang est récupéré pour déterminer l'activité de la butyrylcholinesterase et les paramètres de la fonction hépatique. Le cerveau est prélevé pour l'activité de la butyrylcholinesterase cérébrale et le dosage des protéines. Nos résultats montrent que le chlorpyrifos induit une augmentation des teneurs en transaminases et en phosphatases alcalines reflétant un dysfonctionnement de la fonction hépatique. De plus, une inhibition des - cholinestérases sanguine et cérébrale, avec une augmentation des teneurs en protéines cérébrale reflétant une neurotoxicité chez les rats suite à l'exposition au chlorpyrifos. - Mots clés; insecticide, rat, activité de la cholinestérase, paramètres biochimiques Abstract: The aigXes poisonings by organophosphate pesticides are responsible for a heavy world - mortality In particular in developing countries with great agricultural potential, these products are responsible for poisonings of variable gravity according to the nature of the compound and the ingested quantities . The présent work concerns the study of - the effect of the toxicity on the cholinesterase activity and some parameters of the hepatic function of the male Wisters rats flhled up by the insecticide « Chlorpyrifos » . The adult rats receive during three months the chlorpyrifos Has the dose 1JL50/10 by force-feeding. At the end of the experiment the blood is got back to déterminé the activity of the butyrylcholinesterase and the parameters of the hepatic function. The brain is taken for the activity of the cerebral butyrylcholinesterase and the dosage of proteins. Our resuits show that the chlorpyrifos leads an increase of the contents of transaminases and in aikaline phosphatases reflecting a dysfunction of the hepatic function ,furthermore, an inhibition of the blood and cerebral cholinesterases with an intellectual increase ofprotein contents reflecting a neurotoxicity to rats further to the exhibition to the chlorpyrifos. Keywords; insecticide, rat, cholinesterase activity, biochemical parameters

Growing populations and increasing industrialization cause increase in living standard, which result in decrease in the quality of water and may put stresses on natural waters by impairing both the quality of the water and the hydrological budget. This research aims at determining the origin of the chemical elements of groundwater from the Oran sebkha basin. It applies the inverse geochemical modeling to derive the sources of variation in the hydrochemistry by Belkhiri et al. (doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.08.016 , 2010). Fifty-five water samples were selected from different point in Oran sebkha basin for sampling purpose in July 2011. Physico-chemical parameters such as pH and electric conductivity were measured in situ. Moreover, chloride, sulfate, alkalinity, calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium were measured in the laboratory. Inverse geochemical models of the statistical groups were developed using PHREEQC to elucidate the chemical reactions controlling water chemistry. The inverse geochemical modeling demonstrated that relatively few phases are required to derive water chemistry in the area. In a broad sense, the reactions responsible for the hydrochemical evolution in the area fall into three categories: (1) dissolution of evaporite minerals; (2) precipitation of carbonate minerals; and (3) weathering reactions of silicate minerals by Belkhiri et al. (doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.08.016 , 2010). The high values of the physico-chemical parameters of water obtained in the present study sites indicate a variation in the physico-chemical parameters demonstrated that relatively few phases are required to derive water chemistry in the area. Range of values was found as pH (5.1–7.6), conductivity (720–15,820 μS cm−1), chloride (994–7,810 mg l−1), sulfate (6.1–112.4 mg l−1), alkalinity (421–19,962 mg l−1), calcium (80–680 mg l−1), magnesium (212.4–4,525 mg l−1), sodium (124.2–4,687.4 mg l−1) and potassium (0.9–42.5 mg l−1).