1. Isolation and Characterization of Alicycliphilus denitrificans Strain BC, Which Grows on Benzene with Chlorate as the Electron Acceptor
- Author
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Alfons J. M. Stams, Jan Gerritse, Alette A.M. Langenhoff, N.C.G. Tan, Corné H. van den Kieboom, Howard Junca, Harm ten Broeke, Wim van Doesburg, Sander A. B. Weelink, and TNO Bouw en Ondergrond
- Subjects
catechol 1,2 dioxygenase ,Oxygenase ,Gene encoding ,Dioxygenase enzymes ,gene amplification ,polymerase chain reaction ,bacterial growth ,Negibacteria ,Biochemistry ,Enrichment culture ,Mixed Function Oxygenases ,molecular characterization ,Microbiologie ,Dioxygenase ,RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ,Alicycliphilus denitrificans ,electron transport ,Biochemical datum ,Phylogeny ,External ,denitrification ,Catalysts ,Strain (chemistry) ,Electron acceptors ,bacterium ,In cells ,genetic code ,Short rods ,sequence alignment ,Oxygenases ,Chlorates ,Dismutase ,Organic molecules ,Geosciences ,Locomotion ,Nitrogen ,comb-nov ,Molecular Sequence Data ,microbial communities ,chlorite dismutase ,gene sequence ,Microbiology ,reductive dechlorination ,Enrichment cultures ,Dioxygenases ,Bacterial Proteins ,Proteobacteria ,oxic conditions ,estradiol dioxygenase ,bacterial enzyme ,bacterium isolate ,Proteins ,Oxygen ,Encoding (symbols) ,Genes ,Oxygenation ,chemistry ,Encoding ,mutation ,electron ,Dismutation ,reducing enrichment culture ,Monooxygenations ,Pcr primers ,biodegradation ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Benzene degradations ,Degradation ,benzene ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Environmental Microbiology ,Catechol 1,2-dioxygenase ,Monooxygenase ,Bacteria (microorganisms) ,Primer sets ,anaerobic degradation ,Ecology ,detection method ,catabolism ,Chlorate ,gen. nov ,sp nov ,article ,Enzymes ,unclassified drug ,enzyme activity ,RNA, Bacterial ,Oxidoreductases ,Genes encoding ,Biotechnology ,Benzene biodegradations ,DNA, Bacterial ,benzene oxygenase ,Biology ,DNA, Ribosomal ,Chlorate reductase ,Comamonadaceae ,Gene sequences ,nitrate ,Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ,Nitrites ,WIMEK ,Nitrates ,nonhuman ,pseudomonas-chloritidismutans ,Cyclohexanol ,nucleotide sequence ,Genes, rRNA ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,catechol ,bacterial strain ,unindexed sequence ,chlorite ,Chlorite dismutase ,gene expression ,Cell culture ,chlorate ,Isolation and characterizations ,energy yield ,Food Science - Abstract
A bacterium, strain BC, was isolated from a benzene-degrading chlorate-reducing enrichment culture. Strain BC degrades benzene in conjunction with chlorate reduction. Cells of strain BC are short rods that are 0.6 μm wide and 1 to 2 μm long, are motile, and stain gram negative. Strain BC grows on benzene and some other aromatic compounds with oxygen or in the absence of oxygen with chlorate as the electron acceptor. Strain BC is a denitrifying bacterium, but it is not able to grow on benzene with nitrate. The closest cultured relative is Alicycliphilus denitrificans type strain K601, a cyclohexanol-degrading nitrate-reducing betaproteobacterium. Chlorate reductase (0.4 U/mg protein) and chlorite dismutase (5.7 U/mg protein) activities in cell extracts of strain BC were determined. Gene sequences encoding a known chlorite dismutase ( cld ) were not detected in strain BC by using the PCR primers described in previous studies. As physiological and biochemical data indicated that there was oxygenation of benzene during growth with chlorate, a strategy was developed to detect genes encoding monooxygenase and dioxygenase enzymes potentially involved in benzene degradation in strain BC. Using primer sets designed to amplify members of distinct evolutionary branches in the catabolic families involved in benzene biodegradation, two oxygenase genes putatively encoding the enzymes performing the initial successive monooxygenations (BC-BMOa) and the cleavage of catechol (BC-C23O) were detected. Our findings suggest that oxygen formed by dismutation of chlorite can be used to attack organic molecules by means of oxygenases, as exemplified with benzene. Thus, aerobic pathways can be employed under conditions in which no external oxygen is supplied.
- Published
- 2008
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