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The main objective of this study is the synthesis of the (Alginate / Chitosan/Cobalt ferrite) nanocomposites. The asdsorbent was characterized via Fourrier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (DRX) and zeta potential. The adsorption tests of salicylic acid on the (Alginate / chitosan / cobalt ferrite) adsorbent were carried out at a temperature of 25°C, pH equal to 4, a mass of 10 mg and a concentration of 10 mg/L. Under these conditions, the adsorption capacity was found to be of the order of 10 mg/g, which corresponds to an equilibrium time of 90 min. The kinetics of adsorption is correctly written by the kinetic model of the pseudo second order. The adsorption data were fitted using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, and the obtained modeling equilibrium adsorption data suggested that the (Alginate / Chitosan/Cobalt ferrite) nanocomposites sample contained homogeneous adsorption sites that fit the Langmuir adsorption model well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this article is to propose, from a review of theoretical arguments, an original conceptual model of the relationship between the entrepreneur and the intrapreneurial culture in the context of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). It emerges from this contribution that the establishment and development of the intrapreneurial culture by the entrepreneur is based on his choice to remain an entrepreneur, through the actualization of his entrepreneurial motivations, by belonging to the category of CAP entrepreneurs, and by maintaining good, open, flexible relationships with his employees that encourage intrapreneurial practices and acts.

This article presents the results of experimental work carried out both in situ (coring; pressuremeter test) and in the laboratory (drying-wetting and oedometric tests) to describe the volumetric behavior on drying-wetting path of a swelling clayey soil of eastern Algeria. In order to perform drying-wetting tests the osmotic technique and saturated salts solutions were used. These suction-imposed methods have gained widespread acceptance as reliable methods for imposing suction on soil specimens. They allowed to sweep a wide range of suctions between 0 and 500 MPa. The ability to impose suction on soil specimens allows for drying and wetting stress paths to be applied to evaluate resulting changes in state parameters (void ratio, degree of saturation and water content). These paths were carried out on specimens with different initial states. Slurries of soil were used to characterize the reference behavior, while the undisturbed soil samples allow to describe the behavior of material under in situ conditions. In the last part of this article and to specify the behavior observed in the saturated domain, a comparison between the resulting deformations of the drying-wetting test and those resulting from the oedometric test was made.

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Stachys brachyclada de Noé ex Coss. (Lamiaceae) is a quite rare medicinal plant endemic to the Mediterranean basin. In this study, seven secondary metabolites from a methanol extract of its leaves have been isolated and identified by a combination of chromatographic and spectroscopic methods (1D and 2D NMR experiments and ESIMS analysis). They include one ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate ( 1 ), three acylated flavone glycosides ( 2 - 4 ), one diapigenin derivative ( 5 ) and two flavone aglycones ( 6 - 7 ). Stachysetin ( 5 ) was found the major compound of the extract (74.0 mg/g of dry matter). Moreover, the produced extract showed the ability in inhibiting the α-glucosidase enzyme (IC 50 = 13.7 µg/mL), in quenching the radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (EC 50 = 74.6 µg/mL), and in reducing the intracellular oxidative stress level in Human Dermal Fibroblast (64% inhibition at 50 µg/mL).

Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is a prevalent type of cancer that often takes the form of undifferentiated carcinoma in the Maghreb region. It affects people of all ages. NPC diagnosis, mainly based on detecting Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), has not been well evaluated in North Africa. We compared the classical EBV serological tests using indirect immunofluorescence to the detection of EBV DNase antibodies by immunoblot in Algerian NPC patients. Significant variations were observed among different age groups of patients regarding the presence of VCA-IgA antibodies (0-14 and ≥30 years old, p < 0.0001; 15-19 and ≥30 years old, p < 0.01) and EA-IgA (0-14 and ≥30 years old, p < 0.01; 15-29 and ≥30 years old, p < 0.05). Differences were also noted in the titers of IgA anti-VCA and anti-EA antibodies across the three age groups. Some patients under the age of 30 with detectable IgG anti-VCA antibodies had undetectable IgA anti-VCA antibodies. These patients had a strong anti-DNase IgA response. However, older individuals had a higher level of anti-DNase IgG. Before treatment, children had strong DNase reactivity as indicated by specific IgA antibodies. Young adults had high IgA anti-DNase response, but the elderly (90.9%) had a lower response for these antibodies. Following therapy, the children retained high levels of IgA anti-DNase antibodies, and 66% of the young adults demonstrated robust antibody reactivity against DNase. In contrast, IgG responses to anti-DNase were low in children. This study demonstrated the utility of anti-DNase responses in the diagnosis and prognosis of NPC.

With the ageing of the population and the increase in the incidence of cancer in the population over 75 years of age, a partnership between geriatricians and oncologists is becoming necessary to optimise the management of these patients. There is great variability in the profiles of elderly patients and age cannot be the only criterion of the decision making. Thus, it is necessary to identify patients who will benefit from an in-depth geriatric assessment (IGA) and the G8 screening tool used in oncology consultations allows to do so. The EGA offers a multidisciplinary approach to functional, psychological, nutritional, cognitive and social status of the person, and has been shown to have prognostic value for survival and relevance in guiding treatment choices., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

For various forms of skin lesion, many different feature extraction methods have been investigated so far. Indeed, feature extraction is a crucial step in machine learning processes. In general, we can distinct handcrafted and deep learning features. In this paper, we investigate the efficiency of using 17 commonly pre-trained convolutional neural networks (CNN) architectures as feature extractors and of 24 machine learning classifiers to evaluate the classification of skin lesions from two different datasets: ISIC 2019 and PH2. In this research, we find out that a DenseNet201 combined with Fine KNN or Cubic SVM achieved the best results in accuracy (92.34% and 91.71%) for the ISIC 2019 dataset. The results also show that the suggested method outperforms others approaches with an accuracy of 99% on the PH2 dataset., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The in vitro activity of L. donovani (promastigotes, axenic amastigotes and intracellular amastigotes in THP1 cells) and T. brucei , from the fractions obtained from the hydroalcoholic extract of the aerial part of Hypericum afrum and the isolated compounds, has been evaluated. The chloroform, ethyl acetate and n -butanol extracts showed significant antitrypanosomal activity towards T. brucei , with IC 50 values of 12.35, 13.53 and 12.93 µg/mL and with IC 90 values of 14.94, 19.31 and 18.67 µg/mL, respectively. The phytochemical investigation of the fractions led to the isolation and identification of quercetin ( 1 ), myricitrin ( 2 ), biapigenin ( 3 ), myricetin ( 4 ), hyperoside ( 5 ), myricetin-3- O -β-d-galactopyranoside ( 6 ) and myricetin-3'- O -β-d-glucopyranoside ( 7 ). Myricetin-3'- O -β-d-glucopyranoside ( 7 ) has been isolated for the first time from this genus. The chemical structures were elucidated by using comprehensive one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (1D and 2D NMR) spectroscopic data, as well as high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS). These compounds have also been evaluated for their antiprotozoal activity. Quercetin ( 1 ) and myricetin ( 4 ) showed noteworthy activity against T. brucei , with IC 50 and IC 90 values of 7.52 and 5.71 µM, and 9.76 and 7.97 µM, respectively. The T. brucei hexokinase (TbHK1) enzyme was further explored as a potential target of quercetin and myricetin, using molecular modeling studies. This proposed mechanism assists in the exploration of new candidates for novel antitrypanosomal drugs.

Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is an aggressive malignancy which lacks early predictors of prognosis. Here, we hypothesized that expression and prognostic characterization of the critical mediators of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) may provide key information in this regard. Linear regression and multiple correspondence analyses were performed on immunohistochemical data obtained from 20 invasive tumors. Principal component and unsupervised hierarchical clustering were used to analyze the dataset patterns associating with LSCC metastatic profile. Survival and death risk assessments were performed using Kaplan-Meier and hazard ratio tests. Data mining analysis using CHAID decision tree and logistic regression analysis was applied to define the predictive value of the risk factors of tumor aggressiveness. Our analyses showed, that in invasive LSCC tumors, cells associating with a mesenchymal profile were likely to exhibit enhanced NOS2, TGF- β , and IL-17A expression levels, concomitantly to NF- κ B nuclear translocation. IHC data deciphering determined that EMT induction was also linked to the enrichment of the tumors with CD68+ populations and IL-10 signal. Strikingly, dataset cluster analysis showed that these signatures could define distinct patterns of invasive tumors, where NOS2 associated with IL-10 expression, and TGF- β and IL-17A signals associated with MMP-9 activation. Decision tree analysis identified IL-17A as a possible predictor of LSCC aggressiveness. Altogether, our results show that distinct immunological patterns would support the acquisition of EMT features in invasive LSCC and suggest that IL-17A may be useful in the early identification of patients "at-risk" of therapeutic failure., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper., (Copyright © 2019 Nora Kariche et al.)

The ageing of the French population and the high occurrence of cancers in the population of patients aged over 75 has resulted in the convergence of the competences of two specialties, oncology and geriatrics, in order to optimise the quality of the care provided. Geriatric oncology care must be adapted to the medical, psychological and social situation of each patient., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the total phenolic and flavonoid content, and the in vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, cytotoxicity, and antiprotozoal activities of the Algerian plant Cytisus villosus Pourr. (Syn. Cytisus triflorus L'Hérit.). Additionally, the radioligand displacement affinity on opioid and cannabinoid receptors was assessed for the extracts and isolated pure compounds. The hydro alcoholic extract of the aerial part of C. villosus was partitioned with chloroform (CHCl 3 ), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and n -butanol ( n -BuOH). The phenolic content of the C. villosus extracts was evaluated using a modified Folin-Ciocalteau method. The total flavonoid content was measured spectrometrically using the aluminum chloride colorimetric assay. The known flavonoids genistein ( 1 ), chrysin ( 2 ), chrysin-7- O -β-d-glucopyranoside ( 3 ), and 2″- O -α-l-rhamnosylorientin ( 4 ) were isolated. The antioxidant activities of the extracts and isolated compounds were evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DDPH) and cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) assays. The plant extracts showed moderate antioxidant activity. EtOAc and n -BuOH extracts showed moderate anti-inflammatory activity through the inhibition of induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) with IC 50 values of 48 and 90 µg/mL, respectively. The isolated pure compounds 1 and 3 showed good inhibition of Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) with IC 50 values of 9 and 20 µg/mL, respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited lower inhibition of Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) with IC 50 values of 28 and 38 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the extracts and isolated pure compounds have been shown to exhibit low affinity for cannabinoid and opioid receptors. Finally, n -BuOH extract was a potent inhibitor of Trypanosoma brucei with IC 50 value of 7.99 µg/mL and IC 90 value of 12.61 µg/mL. The extracts and isolated compounds showed no antimicrobial, antimalarial nor antileishmanial activities. No cytotoxic effect was observed on cancer cell lines. The results highlight this species as a promising source of anti-inflammatory and antitrypanosomal agents.

The assessment of the risks involved in the surgical treatment of cancer in an elderly patient is necessary. It makes it possible to identify and sometimes anticipate the occurrence of complications observed in the perioperative period. It also enables patients to be given sound information regarding treatment methods, their medical situation and the expectations and risks of the surgical procedure envisaged., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Given its high frequency in elderly people and the lack of organised national screening after the age of 74, it is essential for caregivers to be aware of the symptoms and the tests which can lead to a diagnosis of cancer of the colon or rectum. It is also necessary to know which asssessment to carry out in order to gather all the elements concerning the cancer and to carry out a global evaluation of the patient before discussing treatment options through cross-disciplinary consultation., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Phytochemical investigation of the aerial parts of Cytisus villosus Pourr. resulted in the isolation and characterization of a new isoflavan, ( 3S, 4S )-2',4'-dihydroxy-3'-methoxy-6,7-methylenedioxyisoflavan- 4-ol ( 1 ), and a new monoterpene, ( 4R,6S )-4-hydroxy-2,2,6-trimethyl-9-oxabicyclo [4.2.1] non-1(8)-en-7-one ( 2 ), together with four known flavonoids: geinstein (3) , chrysin (4) , chrysin -7- O -β-D-glucopyranoside (5) and 2″- O -α-L-rhamnosylorientin (6) . The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, including 1D, 2D NMR ( 1 H, 13 C, COSY, TOCSY, HMBC and HSQC) and HRESIMS. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were established by the comparison of experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra.

Background: Despite the increasing incidence of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) in Algeria, scarce information is available on the importance of the preventable etiological factors which may drive the disease. Remarkably, a significant number of cases occur in nonsmoker and nondrinker patients; hence, suggesting that alternative risk factors, like Human papillomavirus (HPV), might be etiologically involved. To gain more insight on the risk factors associated with the disease in the country, we evaluated the etiological fraction of HPV in comparison to tobacco and alcohol intake in LSCC patients., Methods: To evaluate the etiopathologic fraction (EF) for HPV compared to history of tobacco and alcohol in LSCC, HPV DNA presence in 46 invasive and 3 non-invasive formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded laryngeal tumors was screened using the SPF10-DEIA-LiPA25 Assay. Demographic data and information related to exposure to the risk factors were gathered through interviewer-assisted questionnaires., Results: We observed that 40.8% of all LSCC cases were associated with smoking, 40.8% had combined tobacco and alcohol exposure history, and 14.3% did not show prior exposure to either risk factor. 1 out of 3 in-situ carcinoma cases was positive for HPV-6. HPV prevalence was null in the invasive tumors. HPV DNA was detected in 2.38% for all studied cases. 10.2% of LSCC patients did not associate with any of the studied risk factors., Conclusion: Here we show that HPV etiological fraction in LSCC Algerian patients is low and smoking and alcohol remain the principal etiopathologic risk for LSCC burden in Algeria., Competing Interests: This research was approved by the ethics committee of the Algerian National Agency for Research and Development in Health (ATRSS). Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.Not applicable in this section.The authors declare that they have no competing interests.Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Background: Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) are outer mitochondrial membrane flavoenzymes. They catalyze the oxidative deamination of a variety of neurotransmitters. MAO-A and MAO-B may be considered as targets for inhibitors to treat neurodegenerative diseases and depression and for managing symptoms associated with Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases., Purpose: The objective was to evaluate the inhibitory effect of Hypericum afrum and Cytisus villosus against MAO-A and B and to isolate the compounds responsible for the MAO-inhibitory activity., Methods: The inhibitory effect of extracts and purified constituents of H. afrum and C. villosus were investigated in vitro using recombinant human MAO-A and B, and through bioassay-guided fractionation of ethyl acetate fractions of areal parts of the two plants collected in northeastern Algeria. In addition, computational protein-ligand docking and molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to explain the MAO binding at the molecular level., Results: The ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fractions of H. afrum and C. villosus showed the highest MAO inhibition activity against MAO A and B with IC 50 values of 3.37 µg/ml and 13.50 µg/ml as well as 5.62 and 1.87 µg/ml, respectively. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the EtOAc fractions resulted in the purification and identification of the known flavonoids quercetin, myricetin, genistein and chrysin as the principal MAO-inhibitory constituents. Their structures were established by extensive 1 and 2D NMR studies and mass spectrometry. Quercetin, myricetin and chrysin showed potent inhibitory activity towards MAO-A with IC 50 values of 1.52, 9.93 and 0.25 µM, respectively, while genistein more efficiently inhibited MAO-B (IC 50 value: 0.65 µM). The kinetics of the inhibition and the study of dialysis dissociation of the complex of quercetin and myricetin and the isoenzyme MAO-A showed competitive and mixed inhibition, respectively. Both compounds showed reversible binding. Molecular docking experiments and molecular dynamics simulations allowed to estimate the binding poses and to identify the most important residues involved in the selective recognition of molecules in the MAOs enzymatic clefts., Conclusion: Quercetin and myricetin isolated from H. afrum together with genistein and chrysin isolated from C. villosus have been identified as potent MAO-A and -B inhibitors. H. afrum and C. villosus have properties indicative of potential neuroprotective ability and may be new candidates for selective MAO-A and B inhibitors., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)

Epidemiological data relating to cancer and the ageing of the population highlight the need for oncology, geriatrics and palliative care to work more closely together. Geriatric and palliative care assessments in oncology are complex procedures and result in the modification of the oncological therapeutic choices. They have a significant impact on the methods of treatment of the patients concerned., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Chemical analysis of the chloroform extract of the aerial parts of the Algerian plant Pulicaria undulata exhibiting anti-inflammatory activity resulted in the isolation of 10 new humulene sesquiterpenoids, 1-10, belonging to the asteriscunolide family of compounds. The structure and relative configuration have been defined by NMR data, whereas the absolute configuration has been established by ECD analysis. Compounds 1-10 include enantiomers of the known asteriscunolides A-D and tetrahydroasteriscunolide previously reported from the genera Asteriscus and Nauplius. Compounds 1 and 10 showed in vitro anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting heat-induced albumin denaturation with IC 50 values of 23.76 and 220.42 μM.

Ageing is an individual process. Chronological age does not reflect life expectancy or functional capacity. That is why, in geriatric oncology, the estimation of this capacity is a determining factor. An inter-disciplinary approach is necessary in order to coordinate the different players in the care and optimise the hospitalisation of elderly patients with multiple pathologies, all the more so when they are suffering from cancer., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)