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5. Anomalously fresh Chukchi Sea surface salinity in summer-autumn 2021

Author

Grodsky, Semyon A., Reul, Nicolas, Bentamy, Abderrahim, Vandemark, Douglas, Grodsky, Semyon A., Reul, Nicolas, Bentamy, Abderrahim, and Vandemark, Douglas

Abstract

The Chukchi Sea is a marginal sea in the Arctic with a mixed layer that is a few psu units saltier than ambient open Arctic water. Such higher salinity is maintained by salty and warm Pacific water inflow through the Bering Strait, implying that changes in inflow characteristics should affect the thermohaline properties of the Chukchi Sea. Recently, two additional controlling factors have been highlighted – the strength of boundary currents along the Siberian coast, and meridional exchanges due to wind-driven transport. In this note, we illustrate that anomalous fresh Chukchi Sea surface salinity in summer-autumn 2021 may be related to the anomalous southward shift of the ice edge and its meltwater source. These anomalous ice conditions occur concurrently with anomalously low Beaufort High, anomalous westerly cyclonic winds over ice-covered and open water Chukchi Sea, and related southward Ekman transport of late season meltwater. The September 2021 ice expansion was the largest in 1981–2021 detrended ice records.

Published
2023
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11. Assessment of the use of scatterometer wind data to force wave models in the North Atlantic Ocean

Author

Silva, Dina, Gonçalves, Marta, Bentamy, Abderrahim, Guedes Soares, C., Silva, Dina, Gonçalves, Marta, Bentamy, Abderrahim, and Guedes Soares, C.

Abstract

The present work uses for the first time scatterometer wind fields to force a wave model and compares the accuracy of the resulting wave conditions with the ones obtained when using two different sources of hindcast wind fields forcing the same wave spectral model in the Atlantic Ocean. For this purpose, a 5-year hindcast (2010–2014) is performed with the wave spectral model SWAN for the Madeira and Azores archipelagos. The model uses as input the bathymetry from GEBCO, the wave boundary conditions from the WAVEWATCH III wave model provided by Ifremer and winds from the ERA-Interim and ERA5 databases, and remotely sensed winds from scatterometers. A quantitative analysis of the results is performed, and the numerical results are validated against altimeter data and buoy measurements. Globally, ERA-Interim, ERA5 and scatterometer wind data provided similar accuracy of the generated wave fields, as expressed in the error statistics, which are very close to each other, but in the case of extreme events, the scatterometer data reveals more intense winds and consequently lead to sea states with higher significant wave height. This is more visible in the Azores area than in Madeira. The results demonstrate that, in general, the significant wave height is well reproduced by SWAN.

Published
2022
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12. Eastward propagating surface salinity anomalies in the tropical North Atlantic

Author

Grodsky, Semyon A., Reul, Nicolas, Bentamy, Abderrahim, Vandemark, Douglas, Grodsky, Semyon A., Reul, Nicolas, Bentamy, Abderrahim, and Vandemark, Douglas

Abstract

Upper ocean variations across the tropical Atlantic are strongly seasonal due to corresponding seasonality in surface forcing and continental runoff. This implies that many features in regional upper ocean state or transport anomalies may also be seasonally locked. In the boreal summer and autumn, remote sensing sea surface salinity (SSS) observations show the presence of eastward propagating anomalies concurrent with the seasonal development of fresh Amazon plume and acceleration of the eastward North Equatorial Countercurrent. Interannual variations in these eastward cross-Atlantic SSS signals are investigated in connection with their forcing by wind and circulation patterns. Satellite data show that these SSS anomalies are advected zonally across the entire Atlantic. It is suggested that they originate due to wind-induced changes in the Amazon plume areal extent, which are notorious in the North Brazil Current retroflection. Satellite SSS is instrumental for exploring such signals because in-situ observations do not always capture them due to the limitation in resolved spatial and temporal scales.

Published
2022
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21. Butterfly: a satellite mission to reveal the oceans' impact on our weather and climate

Author

Gentemann, Chelle L., Clayson, Carol Anne, Lee, Tong, Brown, Shannon, Subramanian, Aneesh, Bourassa, Mark, Lombardo, Kelly, Parfitt, Rhys, Seo, Hyodae, Gille, Sarah, Farrar, Tom, Argrow, Brian, Whitaker, Jeff, Kleist, Daryl, May, Jackie, Browne, Philip, Harris, Chris, Kachi, Misako, Tomita, Hiroyuki, and Bentamy, Abderrahim

Subjects
open science, nasa, proposal, air-sea, fluxes, remote sensing
Abstract

Butterfly will provide data to advance both weather and climate prediction. This mission is driven by science. Recent research results reveal how small spatial-scale air-sea turbulent heat and moisture fluxes impact regional and global weather, linking, A proposal submitted to NASA's Earth Venture Mission 3 competition.

Published
2021
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22. Twenty-Seven Years of Scatterometer Surface Wind Analysis over Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems

Author

Bentamy, Abderrahim, Grodsky, Semyon A, Cambon, Gildas, Tandeo, Pierre, Capet, Xavier, Roy, Claude, Herbette, Steven, Grouazel, Antoine, Bentamy, Abderrahim, Grodsky, Semyon A, Cambon, Gildas, Tandeo, Pierre, Capet, Xavier, Roy, Claude, Herbette, Steven, and Grouazel, Antoine

Abstract

More than twelve satellite scatterometers have operated since 1992 through the present, providing the main source of surface wind vector observations over global oceans. In this study, these scatterometer winds are used in combination with radiometers and synthetic aperture radars (SAR) for the better determination and characterization of high spatial and temporal resolution of regional surface wind parameters, including wind speed and direction, wind stress components, wind stress curl, and divergence. In this paper, a 27-year-long (1992–2018) 6-h satellite wind analysis with a spatial resolution of 0.125° in latitude and longitude is calculated using spatial structure functions derived from high-resolution SAR data. The main objective is to improve regional winds over three major upwelling regions (the Canary, Benguela, and California regions) through the use of accurate and homogenized wind observations and region-specific spatial and temporal wind variation structure functions derived from buoy and SAR data. The long time series of satellite wind analysis over the California upwelling, where a significant number of moorings is available, are used for assessing the accuracy of the analysis. The latter is close to scatterometer wind retrieval accuracy. This assessment shows that the root mean square difference between collocated 6-h satellite wind analysis and buoys is lower than 1.50 and 1.80 m s−1 for offshore and nearshore locations, respectively. The temporal correlation between buoy and satellite analysis winds exceeds 0.90. The analysis accuracy is lower for 1992–1999 when satellite winds were mostly retrieved from ERS-1 and/or ERS-2 scatterometers. To further assess the improvement brought by this new wind analysis, its data and data from three independent products (ERA5, CMEMS, and CCMP) are compared with purely scatterometer winds over the Canary and Benguela regions. Even though the four products are generally similar, the new satellite analysis shows si

Published
2021
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23. Uncertainties in ocean latent heat flux variations over recent decades in satellite-based estimates and reduced observation reanalyses

Author

Robertson, Franklin R., Roberts, Jason B., Bosilovich, Michael G., Bentamy, Abderrahim, Clayson, Carol A., Fennig, Karsten, Schröder, Marc, Tomita, Hiroyuki, Compo, Gilbert P., Gutenstein, Marloes, Hersbach, Hans, Kobayashi, Chiaki, Ricciardulli, Lucrezia, Sardeshmukh, Prashant, Slivinski, Laura, Robertson, Franklin R., Roberts, Jason B., Bosilovich, Michael G., Bentamy, Abderrahim, Clayson, Carol A., Fennig, Karsten, Schröder, Marc, Tomita, Hiroyuki, Compo, Gilbert P., Gutenstein, Marloes, Hersbach, Hans, Kobayashi, Chiaki, Ricciardulli, Lucrezia, Sardeshmukh, Prashant, and Slivinski, Laura

Abstract

Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2020. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Climate 33(19), (2020): 8415-8437, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0954.1., Four state-of-the-art satellite-based estimates of ocean surface latent heat fluxes (LHFs) extending over three decades are analyzed, focusing on the interannual variability and trends of near-global averages and regional patterns. Detailed intercomparisons are made with other datasets including 1) reduced observation reanalyses (RedObs) whose exclusion of satellite data renders them an important independent diagnostic tool; 2) a moisture budget residual LHF estimate using reanalysis moisture transport, atmospheric storage, and satellite precipitation; 3) the ECMWF Reanalysis 5 (ERA5); 4) Remote Sensing Systems (RSS) single-sensor passive microwave and scatterometer wind speed retrievals; and 5) several sea surface temperature (SST) datasets. Large disparities remain in near-global satellite LHF trends and their regional expression over the 1990–2010 period, during which time the interdecadal Pacific oscillation changed sign. The budget residual diagnostics support the smaller RedObs LHF trends. The satellites, ERA5, and RedObs are reasonably consistent in identifying contributions by the 10-m wind speed variations to the LHF trend patterns. However, contributions by the near-surface vertical humidity gradient from satellites and ERA5 trend upward in time with respect to the RedObs ensemble and show less agreement in trend patterns. Problems with wind speed retrievals from Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder satellite sensors, excessive upward trends in trends in Optimal Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature (OISST AVHRR-Only) data used in most satellite LHF estimates, and uncertainties associated with poor satellite coverage before the mid-1990s are noted. Possibly erroneous trends are also identified in ERA5 LHF associated with the onset of scatterometer wind data assimilation in the early 1990s., FRR, JBR, and MGB acknowledge support for this investigation through the NASA Energy and Water Cycle Study (NEWS), Dr. Jared Entin, Program Manager. MS acknowledges the financial support by the EUMETSAT member states through CM SAF. The NOAA-CIRES-DOE Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project version 3 used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center managed by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 and used resources of NOAA’s remotely deployed high-performance computing systems. Support for the Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project version 3 dataset is provided by the U.S. DOE, Office of Science Biological and Environmental Research (BER), by the NOAA Climate Program Office, and by the NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory. RSS products are supported by funding from the NASA Earth Science Division. H. Tomita acknowledges support from JSPS Grants JP18H03726, JP18H03737, and JP19H05696 and JAXA Announcement EO-2. We gratefully acknowledge provision and institutional support for the following SST datasets: ESA CCI (http://data.ceda.ac.uk/neodc/esacci/sst/data/CDR_v2/); NOAA Optimum Interpolation 1/4 Degree Daily Sea Surface Temperature (OISST) Analysis, version 2, (https:/doi.org/10.7289/V5SQ8XB5); NOAA ERSST v5 (https:/doi.org/10.7289/V5T72FNM) and access to COBE-SST2 provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD (boyin.huang@noaa.gov); 20CRv3 data are available at the NERSC Science Tape Gateway via portal.nersc.gov., 2021-03-01

Published
2021

25. Intramonth oscillations of Atlantic ITCZ observed in SMAP satellite salinity

Author

Grodsky, Semyon A., Reul, Nicolas, Vandemark, Douglas, Bentamy, Abderrahim, Grodsky, Semyon A., Reul, Nicolas, Vandemark, Douglas, and Bentamy, Abderrahim

Abstract

The time variability of wind and rainfall in the Atlantic Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) has a wide oscillation spectrum that includes strong intra-month periodicities. These latter short-period oscillations span from individual convection lifecycle events of a few hours to longer pentad and multi-week convective cluster periods. This study reports on measured ITCZ rain variability at periods of a few weeks and its imprint on sea surface salinity (SSS) observed using satellite remote sensing. Despite small amplitude of variations of only 0.1−0.2 psu, these changes are shown to be detectable in radiometer SSS estimates collected by the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite. They are shown to develop in the mid-Atlantic ITCZ latitude band and to follow its seasonal meridional progression. These rain-correlated sea surface signatures appear quasi-synchronously across a wide range of longitude. Both the ITCZ-related seasonal migration and high zonal propagation speeds distinguish these intra-month SSS oscillations from that of tropical instability waves (TIW), with TIWs having periods greater than 1 month and slower westward propagation. While detection of tropical Atlantic TIW salinity signatures using satellite data has received significant attention, it appears that atmospheric freshwater forcing impacts on the upper ocean at these shorter periods represents an additional process resolvable from space using SMAP. Correlation analyses of precipitation and winds indicate that low latitude convection clusters are accompanied by an upward Ekman pumping anomaly, which uplifts saltier water to surface layers diluted by enhanced precipitation. These vertical processes modify the salt balance and change the phase relationship between the oceanic SSS response and the atmospheric freshwater forcing.

Published
2020
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26. International Research and Development Collaboration results for the Global Application of the Chinese HY-2B Scatterometer

Author

Stoffelen, Ad, Verhoef, Anton, Verspeek, Jeroen, Vogelzang, J., Portabella, Marcos, Trindade, Ana, Wang, Zhixiong, de Chiara, Giovanna, Payan, Christophe, Dhomps, Anne-Lise, Cress, Alexander, Cotton, James, Brocca, Luca, Long, David, Monteiro, Isabel, and Bentamy, Abderrahim

Abstract

Contributed International HY-2B Cal/Val results submitted to National Satellite Ocean Application Service (NSOAS).-- 72 pages, 45 figures, 7 tables, With great interest we welcome the NSOAS HY-2B scatterometer, which favorably complements the METOP Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT), the ISRO OceanSat-3 and ScatSat and Chinese-French Ocean Satellite (CFOSAT) scatterometers. Altogether, the international meteorological and oceanographic communities could expect to benefit of wind coverage from this virtual constellation at around 6:00, 7:00, 8:30, 9:30, 12:00, 18:00, 19:00, 20:30 21:30 and 24:00 Local Solar Time (LST), which is very useful for regional and coastal applications, but also for small-scale weather tracking, such as hurricanes, moist convection, and ocean forcing globally (Stoffelen et al., 2019). […], Several European institutions, as acknowledged by their logo’s in this report, agreed to collaborate on the tasks, agreements, commitments and services as set forth in an European proposal to work in collaboration with the planned Chinese efforts on the calibration and validation of the HY-2A scatterometer, led by Prof. Mingsen Lin, which proposal was agreed by NSOAS, for which latter the proposers are very grateful. During its execution the project team has been extended, in kind agreement with NSOAS, with scientists from the Portuguese Institute of the Sea and the Atmosphere (IPMA), the Italian Research Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection (IRPI), the American Brigham Young University (BYU) and the German Weather Service (DWD), which activities in the project are subsequently reported and therefore fully acknowledged in this document. The approved European project further implied that backscatter and wind product were kindly made available by the Chinese National Satellite Ocean Application Service (NSOAS), which really form the basis of all activities described in this report. Moreover, the processing software for the HY-2B wind products is an update of the standard PenWP software, which has been established with NSOAS’ support, and is available on the website of the Numerical Weather Prediction Satellite Application Facility (NWP SAF) sponsored by EUMETSAT. The HY-2B data services that are being developed in the project and that are described in this report are supported by the EUMETSAT Ocean and Sea Ice (OSI) Satellite Application Facility (SAF). In addition, EUMETSAT and NSOAS set up new ground links to ground station Sodankylä in Finland, which will be essential for the nowcasting and Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) applications in this report, as the timeliness of the HY-2B winds much determines the applicability of the geophysical data flow

Published
2019

29. Ocean Surface Wind Fields Estimated from Satellite Active and Passive Microwave Instruments

Author

Bentamy, Abderrahim, Queffeulou, Pierre, Quilfen, Yves, and Katsaros, Kristina

Subjects
Microwave detectors -- Research, Artificial satellites in remote sensing -- Research, Winds -- Analysis, Ocean-atmosphere interaction -- Research, Business, Earth sciences, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

This study examines the consistency of surface windspeeds estimated from the European Remote Sensing Satellite (ERS-1) scatterometer, ERS-1 altimeter, and the special sensor microwave/imager (SSM/I). The goal is to combine these wind estimates to produce surface wind fields. With this in mind, a comparison with buoy wind measurements and comparison among the three sensors is performed. According to the in situ data, the rms errors of the three wind estimates are all within 2 m/s. The differences between the remotely-sensed and buoy windspeeds are studied according to atmospheric and oceanic variables, and their impact is shown. A large data base is obtained from the comparisons among the three sensor winds. The rms values of the differences between the scatterometer and the altimeter and between the scatterometer and the SSM/I are 1.67 and 1.45 m/s, respectively. There is no global bias between the scatterometer and the SSM/I, but between the scatterometer and the altimeter windspeeds, the bias is about 0.30 m/s. Furthermore, it is shown that the difference between the scatterometer and the altimeter wind estimates is dependent on the significant wave height, while the difference between the scatterometer and the SSM/I winds is dependent on the integrated water vapor content. The comparison enables some corrections to be made for consistency and combining products. The use of combining scatterometer, altimeter, and SSM/I wind estimates is illustrated by two examples. Index Terms: Altimeter, radiometer, remote sensing, scatterometer, surface winds.

Published
1999

30. Comparing Ku-band NSCAT scatterometer and ERS-2 altimeter winds

Author

Queffeulou, Pierre, Chapron, Bertrand, and Bentamy, Abderrahim

Subjects
Artificial satellites in remote sensing -- Analysis, Winds -- Speed, Atmospheric research -- Analysis, Business, Earth sciences, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

Differences between sea surface wind speed estimated from the measurements of two different Ku-band satellite-borne sensors are investigated. The first sensor is the altimeter radar on board the European Remote Sensing Satellite, ERS-2, of the European Space Agency. The second one is the NASA scatterometer, NSCAT, on board the Japanese satellite ADvanced Earth Observing System (ADEOS). Because of the different physical processes involved in the measurements of the two sensors, differences are expected between the two retrieved surface wind speed data. The analyzed data set was extracted from the ERS-2 and NSCAT collocated data base set up, within ADEOS validation activities, by the French Centre ERS d'Archivage et de Traitement (CERSAT), from the Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer. The dataset covers almost the whole life of NSCAT, from September, 1996, to June, 1997, and consists in more than 800 000 pairs of collocated altimeter and scatterometer measurements. On average, wind speed estimates were found to be in agreement over the medium 4-9 [ms.sup.-1] wind speed range. At low speed, NSCAT wind speed is overestimated relative to the altimeter one, and inversely, at high wind speed, over 10-17 [ms.sup.-1] range, NSCAT is underestimated. The impact of significant wave height and incidence angle on difference between wind speed retrievals from the two sensors was then investigated. Some systematic behaviors were observed as a function of these two parameters and discussed in view of other available analysis and backscatter modeling development. Index Terms - Altimeter, ERS-2, NSCAT, scatterometer, wind speed.

Published
1999

33. Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report, Issue 3 Introduction

Author

von Schuckmann, Karina, Le Traon, Pierre-Yves, Smith, Neville, Pascual, Ananda, Djavidnia, Samuel, Gattuso, Jean-Pierre, Gregoire, Marilaure, Nolan, Glenn, Aaboe, Signe, Aguiar, Eva, Alvarez Fanjul, Enrique, Alvera-Azcarate, Aida, Aouf, Lotfi, Barciela, Rosa, Behrens, Arno, Rivas, Maria Belmonte, Ismail, Sana Ben, Bentamy, Abderrahim, Borgini, Mireno, Brando, Vittorio E., Bensoussan, Nathaniel, Blauw, Anouk, Bryere, Philippe, Nardelli, Bruno Buongiorno, Caballero, Ainhoa, Yumruktepe, Veli Caglar, Cebrian, Emma, Chiggiato, Jacopo, Clementi, Emanuela, Corgnati, Lorenzo, de Alfonso, Marta, de Pascual Collar, Alvaro, Deshayes, Julie, Di Lorenzo, Emanuele, Dominici, Jean-Marie, Dupouy, Cecile, Drevillon, Marie, Echevin, Vincent, Eleveld, Marieke, Enserink, Lisette, Garcia Sotillo, Marcos, Garnesson, Philippe, Garrabou, Joaquim, Garric, Gilles, Gasparin, Florent, Gayer, Gerhard, Gohin, Francis, Grandi, Alessandro, Griffa, Annalisa, Gourrion, Jerome, Hendricks, Stefan, Heuze, Celine, Holland, Elisabeth, Iovino, Doroteaciro, Juza, Melanie, Kersting, Diego Kurt, Kipson, Silvija, Kizilkaya, Zafer, Korres, Gerasimos, Kouts, Mariliis, Lagemaa, Priidik, Lavergne, Thomas, Lavigne, Heloise, Ledoux, Jean-Baptiste, Legeais, Jean-Francois, Lehodey, Patrick, Linares, Cristina, Liu, Ye, Mader, Julien, Maljutenko, Ilja, Mangin, Antoine, Manso-Narvarte, Ivan, Mantovani, Carlo, Markager, Stiig, Mason, Evan, Mignot, Alexandre, Menna, Milena, Monier, Maeva, Mourre, Baptiste, Muller, Malte, Nielsen, Jacob Woge, Notarstefano, Giulio, Ocana, Oscar, Patti, Bernardo, Payne, Mark R., Peirache, Marion, Pardo, Silvia, Perez Gomez, Begona, Pisano, Andrea, Perruche, Coralie, Peterson, K. Andrew, Pujol, Marie-Isabelle, Raudsepp, Urmas, Ravdas, Michalis, Raj, Roshin P., Renshaw, Richard, Reyes, Emma, Ricker, Robert, Rubio, Anna, Sammartino, Michela, Santoleri, Rosalia, Sathyendranath, Shubha, Schroeder, Katrin, She, Jun, Sparnocchia, Stefania, Staneva, Joanna, Stoffelen, Ad, Szekely, Tanguy, Tilstone, Gavin H., Tinker, Jonathan, Tintore, Joaquin, Tranchant, Benoit, Uiboupin, Rivo, Van der Zande, Dimitry, Wood, Richard, Zabala, Mikel, Zacharioudaki, Anna, Zuberer, Frederic, Zuo, Hao, von Schuckmann, Karina, Le Traon, Pierre-Yves, Smith, Neville, Pascual, Ananda, Djavidnia, Samuel, Gattuso, Jean-Pierre, Gregoire, Marilaure, Nolan, Glenn, Aaboe, Signe, Aguiar, Eva, Alvarez Fanjul, Enrique, Alvera-Azcarate, Aida, Aouf, Lotfi, Barciela, Rosa, Behrens, Arno, Rivas, Maria Belmonte, Ismail, Sana Ben, Bentamy, Abderrahim, Borgini, Mireno, Brando, Vittorio E., Bensoussan, Nathaniel, Blauw, Anouk, Bryere, Philippe, Nardelli, Bruno Buongiorno, Caballero, Ainhoa, Yumruktepe, Veli Caglar, Cebrian, Emma, Chiggiato, Jacopo, Clementi, Emanuela, Corgnati, Lorenzo, de Alfonso, Marta, de Pascual Collar, Alvaro, Deshayes, Julie, Di Lorenzo, Emanuele, Dominici, Jean-Marie, Dupouy, Cecile, Drevillon, Marie, Echevin, Vincent, Eleveld, Marieke, Enserink, Lisette, Garcia Sotillo, Marcos, Garnesson, Philippe, Garrabou, Joaquim, Garric, Gilles, Gasparin, Florent, Gayer, Gerhard, Gohin, Francis, Grandi, Alessandro, Griffa, Annalisa, Gourrion, Jerome, Hendricks, Stefan, Heuze, Celine, Holland, Elisabeth, Iovino, Doroteaciro, Juza, Melanie, Kersting, Diego Kurt, Kipson, Silvija, Kizilkaya, Zafer, Korres, Gerasimos, Kouts, Mariliis, Lagemaa, Priidik, Lavergne, Thomas, Lavigne, Heloise, Ledoux, Jean-Baptiste, Legeais, Jean-Francois, Lehodey, Patrick, Linares, Cristina, Liu, Ye, Mader, Julien, Maljutenko, Ilja, Mangin, Antoine, Manso-Narvarte, Ivan, Mantovani, Carlo, Markager, Stiig, Mason, Evan, Mignot, Alexandre, Menna, Milena, Monier, Maeva, Mourre, Baptiste, Muller, Malte, Nielsen, Jacob Woge, Notarstefano, Giulio, Ocana, Oscar, Patti, Bernardo, Payne, Mark R., Peirache, Marion, Pardo, Silvia, Perez Gomez, Begona, Pisano, Andrea, Perruche, Coralie, Peterson, K. Andrew, Pujol, Marie-Isabelle, Raudsepp, Urmas, Ravdas, Michalis, Raj, Roshin P., Renshaw, Richard, Reyes, Emma, Ricker, Robert, Rubio, Anna, Sammartino, Michela, Santoleri, Rosalia, Sathyendranath, Shubha, Schroeder, Katrin, She, Jun, Sparnocchia, Stefania, Staneva, Joanna, Stoffelen, Ad, Szekely, Tanguy, Tilstone, Gavin H., Tinker, Jonathan, Tintore, Joaquin, Tranchant, Benoit, Uiboupin, Rivo, Van der Zande, Dimitry, Wood, Richard, Zabala, Mikel, Zacharioudaki, Anna, Zuberer, Frederic, and Zuo, Hao

Published
2019
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34. Eastern Mediterranean salinification observed in satellite salinity from SMAP mission

Author

Grodsky, Semyon A., Reul, Nicolas, Bentamy, Abderrahim, Vandemark, Douglas, Guimbard, Sebastien, Grodsky, Semyon A., Reul, Nicolas, Bentamy, Abderrahim, Vandemark, Douglas, and Guimbard, Sebastien

Abstract

One of the saltiest seas, the Mediterranean, experiences significant salinity variations in near surface layers. Satellite sea surface salinity (SSS) data obtained using Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission indicate steady salinification of the eastern Mediterranean Levantine Basin at a rate of ~0.14 psu/year during 2015–2018. Satellite-observed salinity changes are confirmed by Argo float data and suggest possible changes in properties of the Levantine Intermediate Water. Eastern Mediterranean salinification often coincides with a freshening of the western Ionian Sea. Based on satellite altimetry geostrophic currents, these salinity changes are concurrent with a weakening cyclonic circulation in the Levantine Basin and strengthening anticyclonic circulation in the Ionian Sea. The latter is indicative of the Adriatic-Ionian Bimodal Oscillation System. It is known that such circulation changes reduce (increase) the transport of fresh Modified Atlantic Water into the eastern Mediterranean (western Ionian Sea), and this is consistent with observed SSS changes. The quality and availability of satellite L-band (1.41 GHz) SSS estimates near the coast can be limited by land contamination. It is shown that absolute SSS retrievals exhibit up to 1 psu biases in the Mediterranean. This study's use of SMAP SSS anomaly mapping instead of absolute SSS illustrates that observed spatial/temporal SSS patterns allow investigation of time variable change in this basin and augment the existing regional observing system.

Published
2019
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35. From Observation to Information and Users: The Copernicus Marine Service Perspective

Author

Le Traon, Pierre-yves, Reppucci, Antonio, Alvarez Fanjul, Enrique, Aouf, Lotfi, Behrens, Arno, Belmonte, Maria, Bentamy, Abderrahim, Bertino, Laurent, Brando, Vittorio Ernesto, Kreiner, Matilde Brandt, Benkiran, Mounir, Carval, Thierry, Ciliberti, Stefania A., Claustre, Hervé, Clementi, Emanuela, Coppini, Giovanni, Cossarini, Gianpiero, De Alfonso Alonso-muñoyerro, Marta, Delamarche, Anne, Dibarboure, Gerald, Dinessen, Frode, Drevillon, Marie, Drillet, Yann, Faugere, Yannice, Fernández, Vicente, Fleming, Andrew, Garcia-hermosa, M. Isabel, Sotillo, Marcos García, Garric, Gilles, Gasparin, Florent, Giordan, Cedric, Gehlen, Marion, Gregoire, Marilaure L., Guinehut, Stephanie, Hamon, Michel, Harris, Chris, Hernandez, Fabrice, Hinkler, Jørgen B., Hoyer, Jacob, Karvonen, Juha, Kay, Susan, King, Robert, Lavergne, Thomas, Lemieux-dudon, Benedicte, Lima, Leonardo, Mao, Chongyuan, Martin, Matthew J, Masina, Simona, Melet, Angelique, Buongiorno Nardelli, Bruno, Nolan, Glenn, Pascual, Ananda, Pistoia, Jenny, Palazov, Atanas, Piolle, Jean-francois, Pujol, Marie Isabelle, Pequignet, Anne Christine, Peneva, Elisaveta, Pérez Gómez, Begoña, Petit De La Villeon, Loic, Pinardi, Nadia, Pisano, Andrea, Pouliquen, Sylvie, Reid, Rebecca, Remy, Elisabeth, Santoleri, Rosalia, Siddorn, John, She, Jun, Staneva, Joanna, Stoffelen, Ad, Tonani, Marina, Vandenbulcke, Luc, Von Schuckmann, Karina, Volpe, Gianluca, Wettre, Cecilie, Zacharioudaki, Anna, Le Traon, Pierre-yves, Reppucci, Antonio, Alvarez Fanjul, Enrique, Aouf, Lotfi, Behrens, Arno, Belmonte, Maria, Bentamy, Abderrahim, Bertino, Laurent, Brando, Vittorio Ernesto, Kreiner, Matilde Brandt, Benkiran, Mounir, Carval, Thierry, Ciliberti, Stefania A., Claustre, Hervé, Clementi, Emanuela, Coppini, Giovanni, Cossarini, Gianpiero, De Alfonso Alonso-muñoyerro, Marta, Delamarche, Anne, Dibarboure, Gerald, Dinessen, Frode, Drevillon, Marie, Drillet, Yann, Faugere, Yannice, Fernández, Vicente, Fleming, Andrew, Garcia-hermosa, M. Isabel, Sotillo, Marcos García, Garric, Gilles, Gasparin, Florent, Giordan, Cedric, Gehlen, Marion, Gregoire, Marilaure L., Guinehut, Stephanie, Hamon, Michel, Harris, Chris, Hernandez, Fabrice, Hinkler, Jørgen B., Hoyer, Jacob, Karvonen, Juha, Kay, Susan, King, Robert, Lavergne, Thomas, Lemieux-dudon, Benedicte, Lima, Leonardo, Mao, Chongyuan, Martin, Matthew J, Masina, Simona, Melet, Angelique, Buongiorno Nardelli, Bruno, Nolan, Glenn, Pascual, Ananda, Pistoia, Jenny, Palazov, Atanas, Piolle, Jean-francois, Pujol, Marie Isabelle, Pequignet, Anne Christine, Peneva, Elisaveta, Pérez Gómez, Begoña, Petit De La Villeon, Loic, Pinardi, Nadia, Pisano, Andrea, Pouliquen, Sylvie, Reid, Rebecca, Remy, Elisabeth, Santoleri, Rosalia, Siddorn, John, She, Jun, Staneva, Joanna, Stoffelen, Ad, Tonani, Marina, Vandenbulcke, Luc, Von Schuckmann, Karina, Volpe, Gianluca, Wettre, Cecilie, and Zacharioudaki, Anna

Abstract

The Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) provides regular and systematic reference information on the physical and biogeochemical ocean and sea-ice state for the global ocean and the European regional seas. CMEMS serves a wide range of users (more than 15,000 users are now registered to the service) and applications. Observations are a fundamental pillar of the CMEMS value-added chain that goes from observation to information and users. Observations are used by CMEMS Thematic Assembly Centres (TACs) to derive high-level data products and by CMEMS Monitoring and Forecasting Centres (MFCs) to validate and constrain their global and regional ocean analysis and forecasting systems. This paper presents an overview of CMEMS, its evolution, and how the value of in situ and satellite observations is increased through the generation of high-level products ready to be used by downstream applications and services. The complementary nature of satellite and in situ observations is highlighted. Long-term perspectives for the development of CMEMS are described and implications for the evolution of the in situ and satellite observing systems are outlined. Results from Observing System Evaluations (OSEs) and Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) illustrate the high dependencies of CMEMS systems on observations. Finally future CMEMS requirements for both satellite and in situ observations are detailed.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

36. Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report, Issue 3

Author

von Schuckmann, Karina, Le Traon, Pierre-Yves, Smith, Neville, Pascual, Ananda, Djavidnia, Samuel, Gattuso, Jean-Pierre, Grégoire, Marilaure, Nolan, Glenn, Aaboe, Signe, Aguiar, Eva, Álvarez Fanjul, Enrique, Alvera-Azcárate, Aida, Aouf, Lotfi, Barciela, Rosa, Behrens, Arno, Belmonte Rivas, Maria, Ben Ismail, Sana, Bentamy, Abderrahim, Borgini, Mireno, Brando, Vittorio E., Bensoussan, Nathaniel, Blauw, Anouk, Bryère, Philippe, Buongiorno Nardelli, Bruno, Caballero, Ainhoa, Çağlar Yumruktepe, Veli, Cebrian, Emma, Chiggiato, Jacopo, Clementi, Emanuela, Corgnati, Lorenzo, de Alfonso, Marta, de Pascual Collar, Álvaro, Deshayes, Julie, Di Lorenzo, Emanuele, Dominici, Jean-Marie, Dupouy, Cécile, Drévillon, Marie, Echevin, Vincent, Eleveld, Marieke, Enserink, Lisette, García Sotillo, Marcos, Garnesson, Philippe, Garrabou, Joaquim, Garric, Gilles, Gasparin, Florent, Gayer, Gerhard, Gohin, Francis, Grandi, Alessandro, Griffa, Annalisa, Gourrion, Jérôme, Hendricks, Stefan, Heuzé, Céline, Holland, Elisabeth, Iovino, Doroteaciro, Juza, Mélanie, Kurt Kersting, Diego, Kipson, Silvija, Kizilkaya, Zafer, Korres, Gerasimos, Kõuts, Mariliis, Lagemaa, Priidik, Lavergne, Thomas, Lavigne, Heloise, Ledoux, Jean-Baptiste, Legeais, Jean-François, Lehodey, Patrick, Linares, Cristina, Liu, Ye, Mader, Julien, Maljutenko, Ilja, Mangin, Antoine, Manso-Narvarte, Ivan, Mantovani, Carlo, Markager, Stiig, Mason, Evan, Mignot, Alexandre, Menna, Milena, Monier, Maeva, Mourre, Baptiste, Müller, Malte, Nielsen, Jacob Woge, Notarstefano, Giulio, Ocaña, Oscar, Patti, Bernardo, Payne, Mark R., Peirache, Marion, Pardo, Silvia, Pérez Gómez, Begoña, Pisano, Andrea, Perruche, Coralie, Peterson, K. Andrew, Pujol, Marie-Isabelle, Raudsepp, Urmas, Ravdas, Michalis, Raj, Roshin P., Renshaw, Richard, Reyes, Emma, Ricker, Robert, Rubio, Anna, Sammartino, Michela, Santoleri, Rosalia, Sathyendranath, Shubha, Schroeder, Katrin, She, Jun, Sparnocchia, Stefania, Staneva, Joanna, Stoffelen, Ad, Szekely, Tanguy, Tilstone, Gavin H., Tinker, Jonathan, Tintoré, Joaquín, Tranchant, Benoît, Uiboupin, Rivo, Van der Zande, Dimitry, Wood, Richard, Woge Nielsen, Jacob, Zabala, Mikel, Zacharioudaki, Anna, Zuberer, Frédéric, Zuo, Hao, von Schuckmann, Karina, Le Traon, Pierre-Yves, Smith, Neville, Pascual, Ananda, Djavidnia, Samuel, Gattuso, Jean-Pierre, Grégoire, Marilaure, Nolan, Glenn, Aaboe, Signe, Aguiar, Eva, Álvarez Fanjul, Enrique, Alvera-Azcárate, Aida, Aouf, Lotfi, Barciela, Rosa, Behrens, Arno, Belmonte Rivas, Maria, Ben Ismail, Sana, Bentamy, Abderrahim, Borgini, Mireno, Brando, Vittorio E., Bensoussan, Nathaniel, Blauw, Anouk, Bryère, Philippe, Buongiorno Nardelli, Bruno, Caballero, Ainhoa, Çağlar Yumruktepe, Veli, Cebrian, Emma, Chiggiato, Jacopo, Clementi, Emanuela, Corgnati, Lorenzo, de Alfonso, Marta, de Pascual Collar, Álvaro, Deshayes, Julie, Di Lorenzo, Emanuele, Dominici, Jean-Marie, Dupouy, Cécile, Drévillon, Marie, Echevin, Vincent, Eleveld, Marieke, Enserink, Lisette, García Sotillo, Marcos, Garnesson, Philippe, Garrabou, Joaquim, Garric, Gilles, Gasparin, Florent, Gayer, Gerhard, Gohin, Francis, Grandi, Alessandro, Griffa, Annalisa, Gourrion, Jérôme, Hendricks, Stefan, Heuzé, Céline, Holland, Elisabeth, Iovino, Doroteaciro, Juza, Mélanie, Kurt Kersting, Diego, Kipson, Silvija, Kizilkaya, Zafer, Korres, Gerasimos, Kõuts, Mariliis, Lagemaa, Priidik, Lavergne, Thomas, Lavigne, Heloise, Ledoux, Jean-Baptiste, Legeais, Jean-François, Lehodey, Patrick, Linares, Cristina, Liu, Ye, Mader, Julien, Maljutenko, Ilja, Mangin, Antoine, Manso-Narvarte, Ivan, Mantovani, Carlo, Markager, Stiig, Mason, Evan, Mignot, Alexandre, Menna, Milena, Monier, Maeva, Mourre, Baptiste, Müller, Malte, Nielsen, Jacob Woge, Notarstefano, Giulio, Ocaña, Oscar, Patti, Bernardo, Payne, Mark R., Peirache, Marion, Pardo, Silvia, Pérez Gómez, Begoña, Pisano, Andrea, Perruche, Coralie, Peterson, K. Andrew, Pujol, Marie-Isabelle, Raudsepp, Urmas, Ravdas, Michalis, Raj, Roshin P., Renshaw, Richard, Reyes, Emma, Ricker, Robert, Rubio, Anna, Sammartino, Michela, Santoleri, Rosalia, Sathyendranath, Shubha, Schroeder, Katrin, She, Jun, Sparnocchia, Stefania, Staneva, Joanna, Stoffelen, Ad, Szekely, Tanguy, Tilstone, Gavin H., Tinker, Jonathan, Tintoré, Joaquín, Tranchant, Benoît, Uiboupin, Rivo, Van der Zande, Dimitry, Wood, Richard, Woge Nielsen, Jacob, Zabala, Mikel, Zacharioudaki, Anna, Zuberer, Frédéric, and Zuo, Hao

Published
2019

37. From observation to information and users: The Copernicus Marine Service perspective

Author

Le Traon, Pierre Yves, Reppucci, Antonio, Alvarez Fanjul, Enrique, Aouf, Lotfi, Behrens, Arno, Belmonte, Maria, Bentamy, Abderrahim, Bertino, Laurent, Brando, Vittorio Ernesto, Kreiner, Matilde Brandt, Benkiran, Mounir, Carval, Thierry, Ciliberti, Stefania A., Claustre, Hervé, Clementi, Emanuela, Coppini, Giovanni, Cossarini, Gianpiero, De Alfonso Alonso-Muñoyerro, Marta, Delamarche, Anne, Dibarboure, Gerald, Dinessen, Frode, Drevillon, Marie, Drillet, Yann, Faugere, Yannice, Fernández, Vicente, Fleming, Andrew, Garcia-Hermosa, M. Isabel, Sotillo, Marcos García, Garric, Gilles, Gasparin, Florent, Giordan, Cedric, Gehlen, Marion, Gregoire, Marilaure L., Guinehut, Stephanie, Hamon, Mathieu, Harris, Chris, Hernandez, Fabrice, Hinkler, Jørgen B., Hoyer, Jacob, Karvonen, Juha, Kay, Susan, King, Robert, Lavergne, Thomas, Lemieux-Dudon, Benedicte, Lima, Leonardo, Mao, Chongyuan, Martin, Matthew J., Masina, Simona, Melet, Angelique, Buongiorno Nardelli, Bruno, Nolan, Glenn, Pascual, Ananda, Pistoia, Jenny, Palazov, Atanas, Piolle, Jean Francois, Pujol, Marie Isabelle, Pequignet, Anne Christine, Peneva, Elisaveta, Pérez Gómez, Begoña, Petit de la Villeon, Loic, Pinardi, Nadia, Pisano, Andrea, Pouliquen, Sylvie, Reid, Rebecca, Remy, Elisabeth, Santoleri, Rosalia, Siddorn, John, She, Jun, Staneva, Joanna, Stoffelen, Ad, Tonani, Marina, Vandenbulcke, Luc, von Schuckmann, Karina, Volpe, Gianluca, Wettre, Cecilie, Zacharioudaki, Anna, Le Traon, Pierre Yves, Reppucci, Antonio, Alvarez Fanjul, Enrique, Aouf, Lotfi, Behrens, Arno, Belmonte, Maria, Bentamy, Abderrahim, Bertino, Laurent, Brando, Vittorio Ernesto, Kreiner, Matilde Brandt, Benkiran, Mounir, Carval, Thierry, Ciliberti, Stefania A., Claustre, Hervé, Clementi, Emanuela, Coppini, Giovanni, Cossarini, Gianpiero, De Alfonso Alonso-Muñoyerro, Marta, Delamarche, Anne, Dibarboure, Gerald, Dinessen, Frode, Drevillon, Marie, Drillet, Yann, Faugere, Yannice, Fernández, Vicente, Fleming, Andrew, Garcia-Hermosa, M. Isabel, Sotillo, Marcos García, Garric, Gilles, Gasparin, Florent, Giordan, Cedric, Gehlen, Marion, Gregoire, Marilaure L., Guinehut, Stephanie, Hamon, Mathieu, Harris, Chris, Hernandez, Fabrice, Hinkler, Jørgen B., Hoyer, Jacob, Karvonen, Juha, Kay, Susan, King, Robert, Lavergne, Thomas, Lemieux-Dudon, Benedicte, Lima, Leonardo, Mao, Chongyuan, Martin, Matthew J., Masina, Simona, Melet, Angelique, Buongiorno Nardelli, Bruno, Nolan, Glenn, Pascual, Ananda, Pistoia, Jenny, Palazov, Atanas, Piolle, Jean Francois, Pujol, Marie Isabelle, Pequignet, Anne Christine, Peneva, Elisaveta, Pérez Gómez, Begoña, Petit de la Villeon, Loic, Pinardi, Nadia, Pisano, Andrea, Pouliquen, Sylvie, Reid, Rebecca, Remy, Elisabeth, Santoleri, Rosalia, Siddorn, John, She, Jun, Staneva, Joanna, Stoffelen, Ad, Tonani, Marina, Vandenbulcke, Luc, von Schuckmann, Karina, Volpe, Gianluca, Wettre, Cecilie, and Zacharioudaki, Anna

Abstract

The Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) provides regular and systematic reference information on the physical and biogeochemical ocean and sea-ice state for the global ocean and the European regional seas. CMEMS serves a wide range of users (more than 15,000 users are now registered to the service) and applications. Observations are a fundamental pillar of the CMEMS value-added chain that goes from observation to information and users. Observations are used by CMEMS Thematic Assembly Centres (TACs) to derive high-level data products and by CMEMS Monitoring and Forecasting Centres (MFCs) to validate and constrain their global and regional ocean analysis and forecasting systems. This paper presents an overview of CMEMS, its evolution, and how the value of in situ and satellite observations is increased through the generation of high-level products ready to be used by downstream applications and services. The complementary nature of satellite and in situ observations is highlighted. Long-term perspectives for the development of CMEMS are described and implications for the evolution of the in situ and satellite observing systems are outlined. Results from Observing System Evaluations (OSEs) and Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) illustrate the high dependencies of CMEMS systems on observations. Finally future CMEMS requirements for both satellite and in situ observations are detailed.

Published
2019

40. Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report, Issue 3

Author

von Schuckmann, Karina, primary, Le Traon, Pierre-Yves, additional, Smith, Neville, additional, Pascual, Ananda, additional, Djavidnia, Samuel, additional, Gattuso, Jean-Pierre, additional, Grégoire, Marilaure, additional, Nolan, Glenn, additional, Aaboe, Signe, additional, Aguiar, Eva, additional, Álvarez Fanjul, Enrique, additional, Alvera-Azcárate, Aida, additional, Aouf, Lotfi, additional, Barciela, Rosa, additional, Behrens, Arno, additional, Belmonte Rivas, Maria, additional, Ben Ismail, Sana, additional, Bentamy, Abderrahim, additional, Borgini, Mireno, additional, Brando, Vittorio E., additional, Bensoussan, Nathaniel, additional, Blauw, Anouk, additional, Bryère, Philippe, additional, Buongiorno Nardelli, Bruno, additional, Caballero, Ainhoa, additional, Çağlar Yumruktepe, Veli, additional, Cebrian, Emma, additional, Chiggiato, Jacopo, additional, Clementi, Emanuela, additional, Corgnati, Lorenzo, additional, de Alfonso, Marta, additional, de Pascual Collar, Álvaro, additional, Deshayes, Julie, additional, Di Lorenzo, Emanuele, additional, Dominici, Jean-Marie, additional, Dupouy, Cécile, additional, Drévillon, Marie, additional, Echevin, Vincent, additional, Eleveld, Marieke, additional, Enserink, Lisette, additional, García Sotillo, Marcos, additional, Garnesson, Philippe, additional, Garrabou, Joaquim, additional, Garric, Gilles, additional, Gasparin, Florent, additional, Gayer, Gerhard, additional, Gohin, Francis, additional, Grandi, Alessandro, additional, Griffa, Annalisa, additional, Gourrion, Jérôme, additional, Hendricks, Stefan, additional, Heuzé, Céline, additional, Holland, Elisabeth, additional, Iovino, Doroteaciro, additional, Juza, Mélanie, additional, Kurt Kersting, Diego, additional, Kipson, Silvija, additional, Kizilkaya, Zafer, additional, Korres, Gerasimos, additional, Kõuts, Mariliis, additional, Lagemaa, Priidik, additional, Lavergne, Thomas, additional, Lavigne, Heloise, additional, Ledoux, Jean-Baptiste, additional, Legeais, Jean-François, additional, Lehodey, Patrick, additional, Linares, Cristina, additional, Liu, Ye, additional, Mader, Julien, additional, Maljutenko, Ilja, additional, Mangin, Antoine, additional, Manso-Narvarte, Ivan, additional, Mantovani, Carlo, additional, Markager, Stiig, additional, Mason, Evan, additional, Mignot, Alexandre, additional, Menna, Milena, additional, Monier, Maeva, additional, Mourre, Baptiste, additional, Müller, Malte, additional, Nielsen, Jacob Woge, additional, Notarstefano, Giulio, additional, Ocaña, Oscar, additional, Patti, Bernardo, additional, Payne, Mark R., additional, Peirache, Marion, additional, Pardo, Silvia, additional, Pérez Gómez, Begoña, additional, Pisano, Andrea, additional, Perruche, Coralie, additional, Peterson, K. Andrew, additional, Pujol, Marie-Isabelle, additional, Raudsepp, Urmas, additional, Ravdas, Michalis, additional, Raj, Roshin P., additional, Renshaw, Richard, additional, Reyes, Emma, additional, Ricker, Robert, additional, Rubio, Anna, additional, Sammartino, Michela, additional, Santoleri, Rosalia, additional, Sathyendranath, Shubha, additional, Schroeder, Katrin, additional, She, Jun, additional, Sparnocchia, Stefania, additional, Staneva, Joanna, additional, Stoffelen, Ad, additional, Szekely, Tanguy, additional, Tilstone, Gavin H., additional, Tinker, Jonathan, additional, Tintoré, Joaquín, additional, Tranchant, Benoît, additional, Uiboupin, Rivo, additional, Van der Zande, Dimitry, additional, von Schuckmann, Karina, additional, Wood, Richard, additional, Woge Nielsen, Jacob, additional, Zabala, Mikel, additional, Zacharioudaki, Anna, additional, Zuberer, Frédéric, additional, and Zuo, Hao, additional

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

41. From Observation to Information and Users: The Copernicus Marine Service Perspective

Author

Le Traon, Pierre Yves, primary, Reppucci, Antonio, additional, Alvarez Fanjul, Enrique, additional, Aouf, Lotfi, additional, Behrens, Arno, additional, Belmonte, Maria, additional, Bentamy, Abderrahim, additional, Bertino, Laurent, additional, Brando, Vittorio Ernesto, additional, Kreiner, Matilde Brandt, additional, Benkiran, Mounir, additional, Carval, Thierry, additional, Ciliberti, Stefania A., additional, Claustre, Hervé, additional, Clementi, Emanuela, additional, Coppini, Giovanni, additional, Cossarini, Gianpiero, additional, De Alfonso Alonso-Muñoyerro, Marta, additional, Delamarche, Anne, additional, Dibarboure, Gerald, additional, Dinessen, Frode, additional, Drevillon, Marie, additional, Drillet, Yann, additional, Faugere, Yannice, additional, Fernández, Vicente, additional, Fleming, Andrew, additional, Garcia-Hermosa, M. Isabel, additional, Sotillo, Marcos García, additional, Garric, Gilles, additional, Gasparin, Florent, additional, Giordan, Cedric, additional, Gehlen, Marion, additional, Gregoire, Marilaure L., additional, Guinehut, Stephanie, additional, Hamon, Mathieu, additional, Harris, Chris, additional, Hernandez, Fabrice, additional, Hinkler, Jørgen B., additional, Hoyer, Jacob, additional, Karvonen, Juha, additional, Kay, Susan, additional, King, Robert, additional, Lavergne, Thomas, additional, Lemieux-Dudon, Benedicte, additional, Lima, Leonardo, additional, Mao, Chongyuan, additional, Martin, Matthew J., additional, Masina, Simona, additional, Melet, Angelique, additional, Buongiorno Nardelli, Bruno, additional, Nolan, Glenn, additional, Pascual, Ananda, additional, Pistoia, Jenny, additional, Palazov, Atanas, additional, Piolle, Jean Francois, additional, Pujol, Marie Isabelle, additional, Pequignet, Anne Christine, additional, Peneva, Elisaveta, additional, Pérez Gómez, Begoña, additional, Petit de la Villeon, Loic, additional, Pinardi, Nadia, additional, Pisano, Andrea, additional, Pouliquen, Sylvie, additional, Reid, Rebecca, additional, Remy, Elisabeth, additional, Santoleri, Rosalia, additional, Siddorn, John, additional, She, Jun, additional, Staneva, Joanna, additional, Stoffelen, Ad, additional, Tonani, Marina, additional, Vandenbulcke, Luc, additional, von Schuckmann, Karina, additional, Volpe, Gianluca, additional, Wettre, Cecilie, additional, and Zacharioudaki, Anna, additional

Published
2019
Full Text
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42. Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report

Author

Von Schuckmann, Karina, Le Traon, Pierre-yves, Smith, Neville, Pascual, Ananda, Brasseur, Pierre, Fennel, Katja, Djavidnia, Samy, Aaboe, Signe, Alvarez Fanjul, Enrique, Autret, Emmanuelle, Axell, Lars, Aznar, Roland, Benincasa, Mario, Bentamy, Abderrahim, Boberg, Fredrik, Bourdalle-badie, Romain, Nardelli, Bruno Buongiorno, Brando, Vittorio E., Bricaud, Clement, Breivik, Lars-anders, Brewin, Robert J. W., Capet, Arthur, Ceschin, Adrien, Ciliberti, Stefania, Cossarini, Gianpiero, De Alfonso, Marta, De Pascual Collar, Alvaro, De Kloe, Jos, Deshayes, Julie, Desportes, Charles, Drevillon, Marie, Drillet, Yann, Droghei, Riccardo, Dubois, Clotilde, Embury, Owen, Etienne, Helene, Fratianni, Claudia, Garcia Lafuente, Jesus, Garcia Sotillo, Marcos, Garric, Gilles, Gasparin, Florent, Gerin, Riccardo, Good, Simon, Gourrion, Jerome, Gregoire, Marilaure, Greiner, Eric, Guinehut, Stephanie, Gutknecht, Elodie, Hernandez, Fabrice, Hernandez, Olga, Hoyer, Jacob, Jackson, Laura, Jandt, Simon, Josey, Simon, Juza, Melanie, Kennedy, John, Kokkini, Zoi, Korres, Gerasimos, Kouts, Mariliis, Lagemaa, Priidik, Lavergne, Thomas, Le Cann, Bernard, Legeais, Jean-francois, Lemieux-dudon, Benedicte, Levier, Bruno, Lien, Vidar, Maljutenko, Ilja, Manzano, Fernando, Marcos, Marta, Marinova, Veselka, Masina, Simona, Mauri, Elena, Mayer, Michael, Melet, Angelique, Melin, Frederic, Meyssignac, Benoit, Monier, Maeva, Muller, Malte, Mulet, Sandrine, Naranjo, Cristina, Notarstefano, Giulio, Paulmier, Aurelien, Perez Gomez, Begona, Perez Gonzalez, Irene, Peneva, Elisaveta, Perruche, Coralie, Peterson, K. Andrew, Pinardi, Nadia, Pisano, Andrea, Pardo, Silvia, Poulain, Pierre-marie, Raj, Roshin P., Raudsepp, Urmas, Ravdas, Michaelis, Reid, Rebecca, Rio, Marie-hélène, Salon, Stefano, Samuelsen, Annette, Sammartino, Michela, Sammartino, Simone, Sando, Anne Britt, Santoleri, Rosalia, Sathyendranath, Shubha, She, Jun, Simoncelli, Simona, Solidoro, Cosimo, Stoffelen, Ad, Storto, Andrea, Szerkely, Tanguy, Tamm, Susanne, Tietsche, Steffen, Tinker, Jonathan, Tintore, Joaquin, Trindade, Ana, Van Zanten, Daphne, Vandenbulcke, Luc, Verhoef, Anton, Verbrugge, Nathalie, Viktorsson, Lena, Wakelin, Sarah L., Zacharioudaki, Anna, Zuo, Hao, Von Schuckmann, Karina, Le Traon, Pierre-yves, Smith, Neville, Pascual, Ananda, Brasseur, Pierre, Fennel, Katja, Djavidnia, Samy, Aaboe, Signe, Alvarez Fanjul, Enrique, Autret, Emmanuelle, Axell, Lars, Aznar, Roland, Benincasa, Mario, Bentamy, Abderrahim, Boberg, Fredrik, Bourdalle-badie, Romain, Nardelli, Bruno Buongiorno, Brando, Vittorio E., Bricaud, Clement, Breivik, Lars-anders, Brewin, Robert J. W., Capet, Arthur, Ceschin, Adrien, Ciliberti, Stefania, Cossarini, Gianpiero, De Alfonso, Marta, De Pascual Collar, Alvaro, De Kloe, Jos, Deshayes, Julie, Desportes, Charles, Drevillon, Marie, Drillet, Yann, Droghei, Riccardo, Dubois, Clotilde, Embury, Owen, Etienne, Helene, Fratianni, Claudia, Garcia Lafuente, Jesus, Garcia Sotillo, Marcos, Garric, Gilles, Gasparin, Florent, Gerin, Riccardo, Good, Simon, Gourrion, Jerome, Gregoire, Marilaure, Greiner, Eric, Guinehut, Stephanie, Gutknecht, Elodie, Hernandez, Fabrice, Hernandez, Olga, Hoyer, Jacob, Jackson, Laura, Jandt, Simon, Josey, Simon, Juza, Melanie, Kennedy, John, Kokkini, Zoi, Korres, Gerasimos, Kouts, Mariliis, Lagemaa, Priidik, Lavergne, Thomas, Le Cann, Bernard, Legeais, Jean-francois, Lemieux-dudon, Benedicte, Levier, Bruno, Lien, Vidar, Maljutenko, Ilja, Manzano, Fernando, Marcos, Marta, Marinova, Veselka, Masina, Simona, Mauri, Elena, Mayer, Michael, Melet, Angelique, Melin, Frederic, Meyssignac, Benoit, Monier, Maeva, Muller, Malte, Mulet, Sandrine, Naranjo, Cristina, Notarstefano, Giulio, Paulmier, Aurelien, Perez Gomez, Begona, Perez Gonzalez, Irene, Peneva, Elisaveta, Perruche, Coralie, Peterson, K. Andrew, Pinardi, Nadia, Pisano, Andrea, Pardo, Silvia, Poulain, Pierre-marie, Raj, Roshin P., Raudsepp, Urmas, Ravdas, Michaelis, Reid, Rebecca, Rio, Marie-hélène, Salon, Stefano, Samuelsen, Annette, Sammartino, Michela, Sammartino, Simone, Sando, Anne Britt, Santoleri, Rosalia, Sathyendranath, Shubha, She, Jun, Simoncelli, Simona, Solidoro, Cosimo, Stoffelen, Ad, Storto, Andrea, Szerkely, Tanguy, Tamm, Susanne, Tietsche, Steffen, Tinker, Jonathan, Tintore, Joaquin, Trindade, Ana, Van Zanten, Daphne, Vandenbulcke, Luc, Verhoef, Anton, Verbrugge, Nathalie, Viktorsson, Lena, Wakelin, Sarah L., Zacharioudaki, Anna, and Zuo, Hao

Published
2018
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44. The net energy budget at the ocean-atmosphere interface of the 'Cold Tongue' region

Author

Pinker, Rachel T., Bentamy, Abderrahim, Zhang, Banglin, Chen, Wen, Ma, Yingtao, Pinker, Rachel T., Bentamy, Abderrahim, Zhang, Banglin, Chen, Wen, and Ma, Yingtao

Abstract

Pacific "Cold Tongue" (PCT) sea surface temperature (SST) experiences significant (>0.58 degrees C) interannual variations forced by the El-Nino Southern Oscillations (ENSO) with global impacts on the Earth climate. In this study, we estimate the PCT net heat budget known to be difficult to derive using numerical models. The main goal is to determine how accurately the net heat flux across the surface/atmosphere interface can currently be determined primarily, from satellite observations; these are first evaluated against the nearest available observations inside and outside the PCT of the Tropical Pacific Ocean, using buoy arrays such as the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean/Triangle Trans-Ocean Buoy Network (TAO/TRITON). It was found that the satellite-based estimates of both turbulent and radiative fluxes are in better agreement with the observations than similar estimates from leading numerical models. The monthly mean satellite estimates of PCT SW down arrow during January/July 2009 were 273.07/170.14, for LW down arrow, latent heat and sensible heat they were 378.79/365.54, 95.52/130.31, 9.89/20.67, respectively (all in W/m(2)). The estimated standard deviations for PCT SW down arrow were in the range of 7.2-7.8% of the mean and in the range of 2.0-2.5% for LW down arrow, at daily time scale. Satellite estimates of both PCT LHF and SHF exhibit much higher variability, characterized by standard deviations of 50% from the mean values.

Published
2017
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45. Review and assessment of latent and sensible heat flux accuracy over the global oceans

Author

Bentamy, Abderrahim, Piolle, Jean-francois, Grouazel, Antoine, Danielson, R., Gulev, S., Paul, Frederic, Azelmat, Hamza, Mathieu, P. P., Von Schuckmann, Karina, Sathyendranath, S., Evers-king, H., Esau, I., Johannessen, J. A., Clayson, C. A., Pinker, R. T., Grodsky, S. A., Bourassa, M., Smith, S. R., Haines, K., Valdivieso, M., Merchant, C. J., Chapron, Bertrand, Anderson, A., Hollmann, R., Josey, S. A., Bentamy, Abderrahim, Piolle, Jean-francois, Grouazel, Antoine, Danielson, R., Gulev, S., Paul, Frederic, Azelmat, Hamza, Mathieu, P. P., Von Schuckmann, Karina, Sathyendranath, S., Evers-king, H., Esau, I., Johannessen, J. A., Clayson, C. A., Pinker, R. T., Grodsky, S. A., Bourassa, M., Smith, S. R., Haines, K., Valdivieso, M., Merchant, C. J., Chapron, Bertrand, Anderson, A., Hollmann, R., and Josey, S. A.

Abstract

For over a decade, several research groups have been developing air-sea heat flux information over the global ocean, including latent (LHF) and sensible (SHF) heat fluxes over the global ocean. This paper aims to provide new insight into the quality and error characteristics of turbulent heat flux estimates at various spatial and temporal scales (from daily upwards). The study is performed within the European Space Agency (ESA) Ocean Heat Flux (OHF) project. One of the main objectives of the OHF project is to meet the recommendations and requirements expressed by various international programs such as the World Research Climate Program (WCRP) and Climate and Ocean Variability, Predictability, and Change (CLIVAR), recognizing the need for better characterization of existing flux errors with respect to the input bulk variables (e.g. surface wind, air and sea surface temperatures, air and surface specific humidities), and to the atmospheric and oceanic conditions (e.g. wind conditions and sea state). The analysis is based on the use of daily averaged LHF and SHF and the associated bulk variables derived from major satellite-based and atmospheric reanalysis products. Inter-comparisons of heat flux products indicate that all of them exhibit similar space and time patterns. However, they also reveal significant differences in magnitude in some specific regions such as the western ocean boundaries during the Northern Hemisphere winter season, and the high southern latitudes. The differences tend to be closely related to large differences in surface wind speed and/or specific air humidity (for LHF) and to air and sea temperature differences (for SHF). Further quality investigations are performed through comprehensive comparisons with daily-averaged LHF and SHF estimated from moorings. The resulting statistics are used to assess the error of each OHF product. Consideration of error correlation between products and observations (e.g., by their assimilation) is also given. Thi

Published
2017
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46. Two Decades [1992-2012] of Surface Wind Analyses based on Satellite Scatterometer Observations

Author

Desbiolles, Fabien, Bentamy, Abderrahim, Blanke, Bruno, Roy, Claude, Mestas-nunez, Alberto M., Grodsky, Semyon A., Herbette, Steven, Cambon, Gildas, Maes, Christophe, Desbiolles, Fabien, Bentamy, Abderrahim, Blanke, Bruno, Roy, Claude, Mestas-nunez, Alberto M., Grodsky, Semyon A., Herbette, Steven, Cambon, Gildas, and Maes, Christophe

Abstract

Surface winds (equivalent neutral wind velocities at 10 m) from scatterometer missions since 1992 have been used to build up a 20-year climate series. Optimal interpolation and kriging methods have been applied to continuously provide surface wind speed and direction estimates over the global ocean on a regular grid in space and time. The use of other data sources such as radiometer data (SSM/I) and atmospheric wind reanalyses (ERA-Interim) has allowed building a blended product available at 1/4° spatial resolution and every 6 hours from 1992 to 2012. Sampling issues throughout the different missions (ERS-1, ERS-2, QuikSCAT, and ASCAT) and their possible impact on the homogeneity of the gridded product are discussed. In addition, we assess carefully the quality of the blended product in the absence of scatterometer data (1992 to 1999). Data selection experiments show that the description of the surface wind is significantly improved by including the scatterometer winds. The blended winds compare well with buoy winds (1992-2012) and they resolve finer spatial scales than atmospheric reanalyses, which make them suitable for studying air-sea interactions at mesoscale. The seasonal cycle and interannual variability of the product compare well with other long-term wind analyses. The product is used to calculate 20-year trends in wind speed, as well as in zonal and meridional wind components. These trends show an important asymmetry between the southern and northern hemispheres, which may be an important issue for climate studies.

Published
2017
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47. Homogenization of scatterometer wind retrievals

Author

Bentamy, Abderrahim, Grodsky, Semyon A., Elyouncha, Anis, Chapron, Bertrand, Desbiolles, Fabien, Bentamy, Abderrahim, Grodsky, Semyon A., Elyouncha, Anis, Chapron, Bertrand, and Desbiolles, Fabien

Abstract

Surface winds (10 m equivalent neutral wind velocity) from scatterometer missions since 1992 to present require homogenization to meet the requirements for oceanic and atmospheric climate data records. Sources of differences between winds retrieved from different scatterometer measurements mainly arise from calibration/validation procedures used for each scatterometer and differences in measurement physics. In this study, we focus on the calibration/validation component of the European Remote Sensing Satellite (ERS)-1 and ERS-2 wind speed biases. ERS-1 and ERS-2 data, named as WNF products, are from the Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la MER (IFREMER). In addition to WNF data, the newly calibrated ERS-2 products provided by the European Space Agency (ESA), indicated as ASPS2.0 products, are also used. Our approach utilizes collocated satellite-buoy data. Expected values of the normalized radar cross section (NRCS) are calculated from buoy winds for each antenna beam using the Cmod5.n geophysical model function. The comparisons between expected and measured NRCS examine differences along with variables such as backscatter coefficient and incidence angle ranges. The difference between the expected and measured NRCS is then used to set up empirical models aiming at the correction for biases in ERS-1 and ERS-2 WNF NRCS calibrations. Finally, ERS-1 and ERS-2 wind retrievals are reprocessed using the corrected NRCS and Cmod5.n. These earlier corrected ERS-1/2 winds are analysed along with later scatterometer data (QuikSCAT and ASCAT-A) for their deviations from in situ buoy winds during 1992–2011 period. The scatterometer data homogeneity is also investigated at global scales based on the use of collocated scatterometer retrievals and atmospheric re-analyses winds derived from ERA Interim and CFSR models.

Published
2017
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50. Using sentinel-1A SAR wind retrievals for enhancing scatterometer and radiometer regional wind analyses.

Author

Bentamy, Abderrahim, Mouche, Alexis, Grouazel, Antoine, Moujane, Abderrahim, and Mohamed, Aït Ahmed

Subjects
*SYNTHETIC aperture radar, *RADIOMETERS, *WIND speed measurement, *WIND power, *GEOPHYSICAL observations
Abstract

Scatterometer surface wind speed and direction observations in combination with radiometer wind speeds allow to generate surface wind analyses with high space and time resolutions over global as well as at regional scales. Regarding scatterometer sampling schemes and physics, the resulting surface wind analyses suffer from lack of accuracy in areas near coasts. The use of the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) onboard the Sentinel-1A satellite attempts to address the enhancement of surface wind analyses issues. In this study, SAR wind speeds and directions retrieved from backscatter coefficients acquired in interferometric wide (IW) swath mode are used. Their accuracy is determined through comprehensive comparisons with moored buoy wind measurements. SAR and buoy winds agree well at offshore and nearshore locations. The statistics characterizing the comparison of SAR and buoy wind speeds and directions are of the same order as those obtained from scatterometer (Advanced SCATterometer (ASCAT) and RapidScat) and buoy wind comparisons. The main discrepancy between SAR and buoy data are found for high wind speeds. SAR wind speeds exceeding 10 m s-1 tend to be underestimated. A similar conclusion is drawn from SAR and scatterometer wind speed comparisons. It is based on the underestimation of SAR backscatter coefficient (σ°) with respect to σ° estimated from scatterometer winds and the geophysical model function (GMF) named CMOD-IFR2 (Ifremer C band MODel). New SAR wind speeds are retrieved using CMOD-IFR2. The corrected SAR retrievals allow better determination of the spatial characteristics of surface wind speeds and of the related wind components in near-coast areas. They are used for enhancing the determination of the spatial structure function required for the estimation of wind fields gridded in space and time at the regional scale. The resulting wind fields are only determined from scatterometer wind observations in combination with radiometer retrievals. Their qualities are determined through comparisons with SAR wind speeds and directions, and through their application for determination of wind power off Brittany coasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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