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Understanding urban sprawl is crucial as it provides a dynamic perspective on urban areas, revealing the driving forces and explanatory factors behind their expansion. This study specifically examines the factors contributing to urban sprawl in Bejaia city and its neighbouring communes, Oued-Ghir and Tala-Hamza. The aim is to analyse the intricate urban systems within these areas, unveiling the diverse forms of peri-urbanisation affecting agricultural land. The results underscore the impact of various factors on urban sprawl in Bejaia City. These factors include demography, spatial population distribution, housing, transportation, access conditions, administrative urban status, economic and social development, as well as employment opportunities. These determinants collectively underpin the ongoing urban sprawl in the region, emphasising the necessity for sustainable urban planning and development strategies.

Sustainable mobility reduces the consumption of space and resources, facilitates access, promotes economic dynamism, and creates a sustainable environment. This paper investigated the possibility of switching to a sustainable mobility system through parking management in the Mzab Valley and the city of Ghardaia, one of Algeria's classified heritage sites. Using the quantitative descriptive approach and the road network analysis method, the current situation of parking lots shows a high diversity and characterization of parking lots. The most important factors affecting parking lots were also identified, such as population density, vehicle ownership, and the road network. The study shows medium connectivity of the road network and traffic problems with a road saturation coefficient of almost 60%, where access to parking lots increases from 5 minutes to 10 minutes when driving to the city centre. The city centre has a high concentration of parking lots (81%). Furthermore, parking frequency is 5% higher in the morning compared to the evening, with an overall capacity of 12,495 parked cars and a deficit of 10,500 parking spaces. Linking the study to the social and policy aspects, the results indicate that trips for non-compulsory reasons dominate over mandatory trips for workers, where 50% of the population owns a private car and 10% use public transport. Based on the SWOT method, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to be adjusted were identified. This research defines short- and medium-term solutions as a global vision for improving sustainable mobility in the Mazabite context or a similar region.

Land use and land cover changes in coastal cities can influence drainage sys-tems in ways that affect surface overflows and the infiltration potential of a land surface, making flooding one of the drivers. This research aims to demonstrate the spatiotemporal dynamics of LULC and their combined impact on rainfall and flood height in Skikda, Algeria. The research uses remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS) to determine the type and location of LULC changes in Skikda. The supervised classification methodology used the maximum likelihood technique (MCL). Changes were identified in five categories: built-up areas, green spaces, bodies of water, agriculture, and vacant land. In Q-GIS 3.28.2, Landsat 4-5 (TM) data from 1984 and 2004 and Landsat 8-9 (OLI)/TIRS data from 2019 were used based on the United States Geological Survey (USGS). The results show that the impervious built-up area has changed significantly (44.01%) due to massive urbanization and rapid industrialization, which would affect heavy rainfall activity and increase flood height due to the intense imperviousness of the affected soil (from 27% to 44%). The precipitation and flood height were examined and compared with observations to investigate the impact of the LULC model modification during the flood. The comparison of three flood events (1984, 2004, and 2019) revealed that the change in the LULC model is the main factor increasing flood risk in the study area. This study demonstrates the importance of considering temporal changes in land use, land cover, rainfall, and flood height when mapping floods in urban cities.