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The advancements in electronics has permitted the production of small devices called sensors. These nodes can capture different types of data like images. The network that performs this role is called WMSN (wireless multimedia sensor network). In this kind of networks, a routing protocol is very important. One of the key features of Leach is the efficient management of energy. However, when it comes to send images, we have to verify the energy efficiency. In fact, we use transferring images using WMSN like agriculture and surveillance among others in multiple areas. In this paper, we are going to simulate this protocol using Omnet++/Castalia. We are also going to see the effect of round length on energy consumption and the number of transferring images.

transferring a multimedia content such as videos and images over a wireless sensor network represents an open subject of research. It can be treated in different ways. For instance, we can send images through the network without compression using spatial domain or using frequency domain for compression. In this paper we used the DCT compression which uses the frequency domain. Also, we can use routing protocols, such GPSR, which respect multi-media constraints. Actually, the aim of our work is to test the effect of image compression on energy consumption and the quantity of the received images by the sink For this purpose, we used an implemented GPSR protocol as routing protocol, and omnet++/castalia as a simulator. In fact, we used two applications in this simulation. The first one sends images without compression, and the second application sends images using DCT compression. As a result DCT compression saves energy more that the first application.

In this paper an enhanced protocol of multipath routing ring that is suitable for transferring images by making many upgrades. First, instead of using propagation between the layers, we use certain parameters such distance and delay to pick the next node of the lower layer. Then, we used an heterogeneous network, including sensors (capture and send images) and connectors (serve as a bridge to the sink). Finally, we used the pyramid decomposition technique. To avoid congestion, we adjust the number of levels based on the state of the network. To verify our protocol, we used Castalia simulator to simulate the real transmission conditions. Then, we compared it with GPSR protocol and the original Multipath routing ring protocol. Our proposed protocol proves its efficiency by transferring more images with better quality (PSNR) and consuming less energy compared to other protocols.

In wireless sensor Networks, sending data consumes energy which affects the lifetime of the network. Since Routing protocol plays an important role in this process, designing a routing protocol must take into a count energy consumption in order to increase the lifetime of the network. In this paper, we propose an improved multipath leach protocol which uses at most one intermediate cluster head. The aim of our protocol is to extend the lifetime of the network and send more data compared to the original protocol. We used Castalia simulator to compare LEACH protocol and ICH-LEACH protocol by creating an application in the application layer. This application generates a packet every period of time, then sends it to the lower layer. The simulation proves that our protocol extends the network's lifetime by 80% and increases the number of sent packets by 80%.

Wireless Sensor Network is a technology that allows the ability to exchange information and all kinds of files wirelessly, and It can be deployed in different environments. There is also a more sophisticated material which can record and transmit different types of data, such as sound, video and image. Thus, In order simulates the multimedia transfer we use a simulator instead of a real experiment. We choose to use the simulator Omnet++/Castalia and use a video sensor model with OMNET++ because it's a complete and tested model for transferring images on the raw. Also, we will test the effect of the MAC protocols on energy consumption and the quality of the transferred images in Omnet++/Castalia by using Opencv to transform images from the spatial space to a frequency space.

The development and miniaturization of CMOS (microphones and cameras) in the last years have allowed the creation of WMSN (Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network). Therefore, transferring multimedia content through the network has become an important field of research. It transmits the recorded multimedia data wirelessly from a node to another to reach the Sink (base station). Thus, routing protocols make a big contribution in this process, because they participate in optimizing the node's resource usage. Since Leach protocol was designed only to minimize energy consumption of the network .The goal of this paper is to compare our protocol in tnansfering images with other Leach protocol descendants .By using the application layer, we applied the jpeg compression using the frequency domain on images before sending them to the network.In this paper ,readers will find statistics concerning the lifetime of the network , the energy consumption and most importantly statistics about received images .Also, we used Castalia framework to simulate real conditions of transmission .simulation results proved the efficiency of our protocol by prolonging the lifetime of the network and transmitting more images with better quality compared to other protocols.