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1. Developing a welfare assessment protocol for Australian lot-fed cattle

Author

Emily Taylor, Emma Dunston-Clarke, Daniel Brookes, Ellen Jongman, Benjamin Linn, Anne Barnes, David Miller, Andrew Fisher, and Teresa Collins

Subjects
feedlot, animal welfare, animal behaviour, animal-based outcomes, benchmarking, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

Lot feeding of cattle has gained momentum in recent years to improve efficiency in meeting market demands for high quality protein. Concurrently, societal concern for the welfare of animals raised in intensive farming systems has increased. Thus, the reporting of animal health and welfare measures is a key goal for the Australian cattle lot-fed industry. Although feedlots vary in location, climate, capacity, cattle genotype, and feeding programs, many welfare concerns are applicable across the industry. Despite this, no recognised standardised animal welfare assessment protocol exists for the Australian lot-fed industry. This study aimed to identify relevant measures to develop an assessment protocol, by identifying key welfare issues and their relevant measures, considering the validity, reliability, and practicality of each when applied to the feedlot context. An advisory model was derived after reviewing the relevant literature and five international protocols for the assessment of beef cattle (Welfare Quality®, AssureWel, US Beef Quality Assurance assessment tool, Canadian Feedlot Animal Care Assessment program, and an Australian Live Export industry protocol), followed by stakeholder consultation. A total of 109 measures were evaluated, with 99 environmental-, management-, resource- and animal-based measures being proposed. Piloting of the protocol on commercial feedlots will enable further refinement and validation, to provide an evidence-based, practical protocol to facilitate standardised monitoring of cattle welfare. Such a protocol could promote continued advances in animal welfare at a feedlot level and support a sustainable industry by addressing societal concerns.

Published
2023
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2. Dissemination and persistence of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistance encoding IncI1-blaCTXM-1 plasmid among Escherichia coli in pigs

Author

Roy N. Kirkwood, Sugiyono Saputra, Rebecca Abraham, Stanley Pang, David M. Gordon, Darren J. Trott, Tanya Laird, Mohinder Singh, Tahlia Mitchell, Benjamin Linn, Sam Abraham, and Mark O’Dea

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Animal health, medicine.drug_class, 030106 microbiology, Cephalosporin, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, Trimethoprim, Persistence (computer science), 03 medical and health sciences, Carriage, Plasmid, medicine, Escherichia coli, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Cephalosporin Resistance, medicine.drug
Abstract

This study investigated the ecology, epidemiology and plasmid characteristics of extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC)-resistant E. coli in healthy pigs over a period of 4 years (2013–2016) following the withdrawal of ESCs. High carriage rates of ESC-resistant E. coli were demonstrated in 2013 (86.6%) and 2014 (83.3%), compared to 2015 (22%) and 2016 (8.5%). ESC resistance identified among E. coli isolates was attributed to the carriage of an IncI1 ST-3 plasmid (pCTXM1-MU2) encoding blaCTXM-1. Genomic characterisation of selected E. coli isolates (n = 61) identified plasmid movement into multiple commensal E. coli (n = 22 STs). Major STs included ST10, ST5440, ST453, ST2514 and ST23. A subset of the isolates belong to the atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (aEPEC) pathotype that harboured multiple LEE pathogenic islands. pCTXM1-MU2 was similar (99% nt identity) to IncI1-ST3 plasmids reported from Europe, encoded resistance to aminoglycosides, sulphonamides and trimethoprim, and carried colicin Ib. pCTXM1-MU2 appears to be highly stable and readily transferable. This study demonstrates that ESC resistance may persist for a protracted period following removal of direct selection pressure, resulting in the emergence of ESC-resistance in both commensal E. coli and aEPEC isolates of potential significance to human and animal health.

Published
2018
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3. Dissemination and persistence of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistance encoding IncI1-bla

Author

Sam, Abraham, Roy N, Kirkwood, Tanya, Laird, Sugiyono, Saputra, Tahlia, Mitchell, Mohinder, Singh, Benjamin, Linn, Rebecca J, Abraham, Stanley, Pang, David M, Gordon, Darren J, Trott, and Mark, O'Dea

Subjects
Europe, Swine, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Escherichia coli, Animals, Humans, Escherichia coli Infections, beta-Lactamases, Article, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Cephalosporins, Plasmids
Abstract

This study investigated the ecology, epidemiology and plasmid characteristics of extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC)-resistant E. coli in healthy pigs over a period of 4 years (2013–2016) following the withdrawal of ESCs. High carriage rates of ESC-resistant E. coli were demonstrated in 2013 (86.6%) and 2014 (83.3%), compared to 2015 (22%) and 2016 (8.5%). ESC resistance identified among E. coli isolates was attributed to the carriage of an IncI1 ST-3 plasmid (pCTXM1-MU2) encoding blaCTXM-1. Genomic characterisation of selected E. coli isolates (n = 61) identified plasmid movement into multiple commensal E. coli (n = 22 STs). Major STs included ST10, ST5440, ST453, ST2514 and ST23. A subset of the isolates belong to the atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (aEPEC) pathotype that harboured multiple LEE pathogenic islands. pCTXM1-MU2 was similar (99% nt identity) to IncI1-ST3 plasmids reported from Europe, encoded resistance to aminoglycosides, sulphonamides and trimethoprim, and carried colicin Ib. pCTXM1-MU2 appears to be highly stable and readily transferable. This study demonstrates that ESC resistance may persist for a protracted period following removal of direct selection pressure, resulting in the emergence of ESC-resistance in both commensal E. coli and aEPEC isolates of potential significance to human and animal health.

Published
2017

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