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Objectives Globally, 20–25% of people will experience chronic pain in their lifetimes. Dance is a physical activity with psychosocial benefits that might positively impact pain. This review aimed to investigate the effect of dance interventions on the experience of pain by quantitative measures and qualitative themes. Methods Seven major databases were searched from inception to January 2021. Two independent reviewers screened articles at each stage. Qualitative and quantitative studies were included if the dance interventions lasted more than 6 weeks, participants reported pain of duration longer than 3 months, and pain was an outcome of the study. All articles were critically appraised with appropriate Joanna Briggs Institute tools, and data were collated through the use of results-based convergent synthesis. Results From 23,628 articles, 34 full papers were included, with a total of 1,254 participants (75.2% female). Studies predominantly investigated individuals with fibromyalgia (26%) and generalized chronic pain (14%), with aerobic dance (20.7%) and Biodanza (20.7%) being the most common dance genres investigated. Overall, 74% of studies noted either reduced pain through quantitative pain measures or qualitative themes of improved pain experience (88% for chronic primary pain and 80% for chronic secondary musculoskeletal pain). Discussion There were positive effects of dance on chronic primary and secondary musculoskeletal pain across diverse populations. A variety of study designs and interventions noted improved pain measures and themes around pain coping and acceptance, with all dance therapies showing improvements, particularly when performed for 60–150 minutes’ duration weekly. Dance should be considered as an effective adjunct in the management of chronic pain.

This paper introduces the studies and experience learned in district cooling project development in developed countries and adaptation process in India for city-level rapid assessment. There are five pilot Indian cities chosen to go through all the process of rapid assessment so as to outline the barriers, challenges, and potential to develop high energy-efficient district cooling system. The paper also instructs the tech-eco analysis tools for rapid assessment, which is developed by the UNEP District Energy in Cities Initiative and adapted in India. According to the results, the economic and technical boundaries of implementing district cooling systems are outlined.

Knowledge of air-water gas transfer velocities and water residence times is necessary to study the fate of mangrove derived carbon exported into surrounding estuaries and ultimately to determine carbon balances in mangrove ecosystems. For the first time, the He/SF6 dual tracer technique, which has been proven to be a powerful tool to determine gas transfer velocities in the ocean, is applied to Shark River, an estuary situated in the largest contiguous mangrove forest in North America. The mean gas transfer velocity was 3.3 ± 0.2 cmh 1 during the experiment, with a water residence time of 16.5 ± 2.0 days. We propose a gas exchange parameterization that takes into account the major sources of turbulence in the estuary (i.e., bottom generated shear and wind stress).

Several polyphenolic compounds, including twelve flavonols and a variety of lower molecular weight compounds were found to diminish the effects of CuZnSOD on NMR relaxation of fluoride ion in a pH and concentration dependent manner. While we originally thought the effect arose from binding of the compounds to the enzyme active site, several lines of evidence indicated that active polyphenols reduced the paramagnetic copper(II) form of the enzyme to the diamagnetic copper(I) form, thereby giving false positive indications of enzyme inhibition in the NMR assay. First, docking experiments failed to provide a satisfactory explanation of the SAR. Second, effects on the enzyme’s EPR spectrum indicated that catechols could bind the active site copper leading to enzyme reduction. Third, while these reactions did not proceed to completion in aerobic solution, they did so under inert atmosphere. Fourth, experiments employing superoxide producing compounds demonstrated that loss of NMR activity did not prevent the enzyme from redox cycling. Thus, while the polyphenols appeared to inhibit the enzyme in the NMR assay, the compounds did not inhibit the enzyme’s reactions with superoxide.