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Background and purpose: Previous studies have shown that men are more sensitive to sexual infidelity, while women are more sensitive to emotional infidelity. Studies have also shown that jealousy is evoked by the rival’s desirable characteristics. Therefore, it was assumed that women would be more jealous of a woman with a feminine face, while men would report greater levels of jealousy when presented with a rival with a masculine face. It was also predicted that these expected differences would depend on the infidelity type – sexual and emotional. Based on this, the aim of this study was to investigate differences in jealousy in relation to participants’ sex, the type of infidelity and the rival’s facial sexual dimorphism. Materials and methods: The study included 401 (164 men and 237 women) participants, aged between 18 and 35. Jealousy was assessed by using hypothetical scenarios of a partner’s emotional and sexual infidelity that involved rivals with a masculine and feminine face. Participants reported the intensity of jealousy on a 7-point scale. Results and conclusions: As predicted, men reported higher levels of jealousy over sexual, whereas women were more upset over emotional infidelity. Moreover, while there was no difference in jealousy among men in relation to the rival’s facial sexual dimorphism, women reported a higher intensity of jealousy toward a rival with a feminine face, regardless of the infidelity type. These results are interpreted by different adaptive mechanisms in men and women.

Background and Study Aim.Researchers since the late 1970s have been interested in finding out the reasons attributed to outcomes. To facilitate attribution research in Croatia we translated and validated The Revised Causal Dimension Scale (CDS-II) and examined its invariance when attributing most and least successful competition performances. Materials and methods.To achieve our stated aim, 384 kinesiology students completed the translated CDS-II. To test the latent structure of the questionnaire, we used CFA and tested two alternative models (orthogonal solution and model with correlated latent variables). Additionally, we examined the CDS-II invariance when attributing the most and the least successful competition performance in sport using longitudinal CFA. The reliability was tested using Cronbach alpha coefficients. Lastly, we tested differences in latent means between most and least successful performance using pairwise t-test. Results.Similar to the originally published findings, CFA indicated the CDS-II structure with correlated latent variables had an adequate and better fit than the orthogonal solution in both situations. Furthermore, we confirmed configural, metric and scalar invariance, as well as partial strict invariance since one item’s residuals differed significantly from the others. Cronbach alpha coefficients were adequate across both situations. Lastly, athletes attributed their most successful performances to more internal, stable and controllable reasons than their least successful performances. Conclusions.We confirmed that the Croatian version of the CDS-II has adequate psychometric properties and is therefore suitable for research in sport situations., Предпосылки и цель исследования.Исследователи с конца 1970-х годов были заинтересованы в выяснении причин, связанных с результатами. Чтобы облегчить исследование атрибуции в Хорватии, мы перевели и утвердили Пересмотренную шкалу причинно-следственных связей (CDS-II) и изучили ее неизменность при атрибуции наиболее и наименее успешных результатов конкуренции.Материал и методы. Для достижения поставленной цели 384 студента-кинезиолога заполнили переведенный CDS-II. Для проверки скрытой структуры анкеты мы использовали CFA и протестировали две альтернативные модели (ортогональное решение и модель с коррелированными скрытыми переменными). Кроме того, мы исследовали инвариантность CDS-II при определении наиболее и наименее успешных соревновательных результатов в спорте с использованием продольной CFA. Надежность проверялась с использованием альфа-коэффициентов Кронбаха. Наконец, мы проверили различия в скрытых средних между наиболее и наименее успешными результатами, используя попарный t-критерий.Результаты.Подобно первоначально опубликованным результатам, CFA показала, что структура CDS-II с коррелированными латентными переменными имеет адекватное и лучшее соответствие, чем ортогональное решение в обеих ситуациях. Кроме того, мы подтвердили конфигурационную, метрическую и скалярную инвариантность, а также частичную строгую инвариантность, поскольку остатки одного элемента значительно отличались от других. Коэффициенты альфа Кронбаха были адекватными в обеих ситуациях. Наконец, спортсмены объясняли свои наиболее успешные выступления более внутренними, стабильными и контролируемыми причинами, чем наименее успешные выступления.Выводы. Мы подтвердили, что хорватская версия CDS-II обладает адекватными психометрическими свойствами и поэтому подходит для исследования в спортивных ситуациях., Передумови та мета дослідження. Дослідники з кінця 1970-х років були зацікавлені в з'ясуванні причин, пов'язаних з результатами. Щоб полегшити дослідження атрибуції в Хорватії, ми перевели і затвердили Переглянуту шкалу причинно-наслідкових зв'язків (CDS-II) і вивчили її незмінність при атрибуції найбільш і найменш успішних результатів конкуренції.Матеріал і методи. Для досягнення поставленої мети 384 студента-кінезіології заповнили переведений CDS-II. Для перевірки прихованої структури анкети ми використовували CFA і протестували дві альтернативні моделі (ортогональное рішення і модель з корельованими прихованими змінними). Крім того, ми досліджували инвариантность CDS-II при визначенні найбільш і найменш успішних змагальних результатів в спорті з використанням поздовжньої CFA. Надійність перевірялася з використанням альфа-коефіцієнтів Кронбаха. Нарешті, ми перевірили відмінності в прихованих середніх між найбільш і найменш успішними результатами, використовуючи попарний t-критерій.Результати. Подібно спочатку опублікованими результатами, CFA показала, що структура CDS-II з корельованими латентними змінними має адекватне і кращу відповідність, ніж ортогональное рішення в обох ситуаціях. Крім того, ми підтвердили конфігураційну, метричну і скалярную инвариантность, а також часткову сувору инвариантность, оскільки залишки одного елемента значно відрізнялися від інших. Коефіцієнти альфа Кронбаха були адекватними в обох ситуаціях. Нарешті, спортсмени пояснювали свої найбільш успішні виступи більш внутрішніми, стабільними і контрольованими причинами, ніж найменш успішні виступи.Висновки. Ми підтвердили, що хорватська версія CDS-II володіє адекватними психометричними властивостями і тому підходить для дослідження в спортивних ситуаціях.

Previous studies have shown that human voice has an important role in communicating different traits, by implying speaker's sex, age, physical height, etc. Studies have also found correlations between various vocal characteristics and perceived personality traits. For example, there is evidence that higher pitch is positively related to perceived femininity, while lower pitch is related to perceived dominance. The aim of the present study was to investigate those relationships between voice and personality, by focusing on women's self- -reports of masculinity, femininity, dominance and affiliation. 48 women were recorded three times during vowel /a/ production. After acoustic analysis, it was found that voice pitch was not related to personality traits. On the contrary, pitch variability was negatively related to masculinity, and positively to femininity. Furthermore, shimmer was positively, and harmonics to noise ratio negatively related to self- -reported masculinity. Further regression analyses confirmed contribution of pitch variability and shimmer in explaining individual differences in masculinity. Besides the interpretation of the results in the context of previous findings, we discuss possible directions for future research in order to improve research methodology.

Sales occupation is one of the most frequent in the job market, and selection of successful sales people is typically among the highest priorities of their companies. Research aimed at explaining sales performance shows that traditional psychometric predictors are limited in achieving this goal. Common constructs that are typically related to work behaviour, such as abilities or personality traits, typically show non-significant or low relations with sales performance. Taking that into an account, we developed a new measure for assessing one’s propensity for selling, based on motivational constructs that underlie successful sales job. In the first study, we developed an initial set of items and assessed its content validity using a sample of sales professionals. In the second study, we assessed the scale’s dimensionality, divergent and predictive validity. A sample of 99 contact centre agents were asked to describe themselves using newly developed items and measures of personality and explicit motives. Besides psychometric measures, the data on agents’ objective sales performance was provided by their employer. First, a unidimensional, three-item solution was shown to be the most appropriate in the exploratory factor analysis of initially developed items. Second, an aggregated result of these three items, representing a total scale score, showed to be largely independent of personality and explicit motives measures. Third, propensity to selling, compared to personality and motives measures, showed to be the most important predictor in explaining the variance of objective sales performance. The scale was labelled Propensity to Selling Scale, and its theoretical and practical implications were further discussed.

The COVID -19 pandemic represents a global health crisis, so adherence to government guidelines and public health advice is critical in reducing transmission rates. Despite this, it has been reported that a minority of people do not comply with the governmental guidelines. When considering the reasons why some people do not comply with preventive measures, previous studies have shown that beliefs in COVID-19 conspiracy theories negatively predict responsible pandemic-related behaviour. This, in turn, could seriously undermine success in combating the pandemic. Our aim was, therefore, to further investigate the relationship between conspiracy beliefs and adherence to official COVID-19 medical guidelines by including mediating roles of beliefs in pseudoscientific information and trust in government officials. A total of 1882 adults from Croatia provided sociodemographic information and completed several scales related to COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs, beliefs in pseudoscientific information, trust in government officials, and adherence to official COVID-19 guidelines. A multiple mediation analysis revealed a direct negative effect of COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs on compliance with the preventive measures. In addition, conspiracy beliefs were indirectly related to compliance via trust in government officials. The present study builds upon emerging research showing that conspiracy beliefs may have significant social consequences and pose a potential risk to public health. Practical implications of these findings are discussed further. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-021-01898-y.

Relatively recently, human mating strategies were found to be associated with the emotion of disgust. Specifically, preference for short-term mating was associated with lower levels of sexual, but not pathogen or moral disgust. It has been suggested that successful short-term mating includes a key component, namely suppressed sexual disgust. In addition, men's attractiveness was found to have an indirect effect on the level of sexual disgust via short-term mating. However, some inconsistent findings cast doubt on the proposed mechanism by which short-term mating tendencies calibrate disgust sensitivity. This highlights the importance of further replication studies in different cultures and populations to validate the use of the proposed cognitive adaptation in explaining observed relationships. Therefore, we sought to replicate the original findings in a non-student sample from Croatia consisting of 407 heterosexual adults. In general, we successfully replicated the original findings by showing large, direct, and negative effects of short-term mating strategies on sexual disgust. However, direct or indirect effects of self-perceived attractiveness on disgust have not been found. In summary, the current results provide additional evidence for the relationship between mating strategy and specifically sexual disgust.

Ljudsko je lice spolno dimorfna karakteristika, a morfologija lica povezana je s različitim biološkim markerima. Prilikom percepcije lica druge osobe pojedinci stvaraju dojmove o spolu, dobi, etničkoj pripadnosti, ali i emocionalnim stanjima i osobinama ličnosti te osobe. Ovaj je proces automatski, iznimno brz i uključen je u sve situacije socijalne interakcije. Brojna istraživanja upućuju na to da ljudi imaju pristranosti prema određenim fenotipima lica prilikom donošenja odluke o tome tko bi trebao biti vođa njihove grupe, bilo da je riječ o ekonomskim ili političkim grupama. U ovom će preglednom radu biti prikazani nalazi koji iz perspektive evolucijske psihologije pokušavaju razjasniti nastanak i funkciju spomenutih pristranosti. Kao glavni teorijski okviri bit će predstavljeni: evolucijska teorija vodstva, biosocijalni model kategorizacije vođa te hipoteza evolucijske kontingencije. Nadalje, bit će opisana istraživanja koja pokazuju da ljudi preferiraju vođe s licima koja izgledaju kompetentno, ovisno o kontekstu muževno ili ženstveno, te privlačno. Na koncu, bit će prikazani određeni nedostaci istraživanja u ovom području, zajedno sa smjernicama za buduća istraživanja., Human face is a sexually dimorphic trait, and its morphology is related to various biological markers. During face perception, people make several inferences about others, such as sex, age, ethnicity, emotional state or personality traits. This process is automatic and rapid, and is included in all forms of social interactions. Some studies indicate that people have certain biases towards specific facial phenotypes during decision-making about who is the best candidate to be a group leader in an economic or political context. In this review paper, origins and functions of aforementioned biases will be discussed from an evolutionary psychological perspective. Evolutionary leadership theory, biosocial leadership categorization model and evolutionarycontingency hypothesis will be presented as the main theoretical frameworks in the field. Moreover, findings regarding bias towards perceived facial competence, masculinity-femininity and attractiveness will be described. Lastly, some limitations in the field will be addressed, together with the recommendations for future studies.

The Breast Size Satisfaction Survey (BSSS) was established to assess women's breast size dissatisfaction and breasted experiences from a cross-national perspective. A total of 18,541 women were recruited from 61 research sites across 40 nations and completed measures of current-ideal breast size discrepancy, as well as measures of theorised antecedents (personality, Western and local media exposure, and proxies of socioeconomic status) and outcomes (weight and appearance dissatisfaction, breast awareness, and psychological well-being). in the total dataset, 47.5 % of women wanted larger breasts than they currently had, 23.2 % wanted smaller breasts, and 29.3 % were satisfied with their current breast size. There were significant cross-national differences in mean ideal breast size and absolute breast size dissatisfaction, but effect sizes were small (eta(2) = .02-.03). the results of multilevel modelling showed that greater Neuroticism, lower Conscientiousness, lower Western media exposure, greater local media exposure, lower financial security, and younger age were associated with greater breast size dissatisfaction across nations. in addition, greater absolute breast size dissatisfaction was associated with greater weight and appearance dissatisfaction, poorer breast awareness, and poorer psychological well-being across nations. These results indicate that breast size dissatisfaction is a global public health concern linked to women's psychological and physical well-being. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved., Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA)Orszagos Tudomanyos Kutatasi Alapprogramok (OTKA) [K125437], Data collection in Hungary was supported by a Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA) awarded to the sixty-third author (K125437).

Vodstvo je sveprisutno u organizaciji života ljudskih grupa. Istraživanje vođa i vodstva bilo je u središtu interesa raznih društvenih znanosti poput psihologije, ekonomije ili politologije. Dosadašnja literatura iz spomenutih područja uglavnom se bavi opisivanjem kako vodstvo funkcionira i primarno je usmjerena na vođe. U novije vrijeme, pojavljuje se interes za primjenu principa evolucijske psihologije u ovom području te se neki istraživači usmjeravaju na pitanje kako je vodstvo nastalo. Pri tome, važan naglasak se stavlja na adaptivnu vrijednost vodstva od kojega korist imaju svi članovi grupe te u samim teorijskim postavkama bitnu ulogu zauzimaju i sljedbenici vođa, koji u društvu čine većinu. Smatra se da je uspostavljanje odnosa vođa-sljedbenik adaptacija nastala tijekom evolucijske prošlosti koja je bila usmjerena na rješavanje problema koordinacije grupnih zadataka. U ovom preglednom članku prikazat će se tri skupine istraživanja koja idu u prilog navedenim pretpostavkama. Prvo, prikazat će se različiti oblici vodstva i organizacije životinjskih grupa, od insekata do primata. Drugo, opisat će se antropološka istraživanja na plemenima lovaca-sakupljača, čiji je životni stil najsličniji onomu koji su vodili ljudski preci tijekom evolucijske prošlosti. Zatim, prikazat će se niz istraživanja na modernim ljudima, a koja pokazuju da u ljudskim grupama postoji pristranost prema osobinama vođa koje su vjerojatno našim precima signalizirale dobro vodstvo, a koje nisu u skladu s modernim uvjetima života. Ključne riječi: Evolucijska psihologija, evolucijska teorija vodstva, lovci-sakupljači, životinje, evolucijski nesklad, sljedbeništvo

Abstract. The behavioral approach system (BAS) has been shown to be important in everyday life. However, its putative evolutionary origins have not been extensively studied. The purpose of this study was to explore relationships between BAS processes and life history strategies, or lifestyles, within life history theory. The BAS scales were assessed by the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality Questionnaire (RST-PQ) and Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ-20), while lifestyles were measured by the Mini-K. Data from 457 participants (173 males) were analyzed by structural equation modelling, followed by set correlation to examine personality and Mini-K relationships. The structural model showed that RST-PQ Reward Interest, Goal-Drive Persistence and Reward Reactivity correlated with a slow lifestyle, while RST-PQ Impulsivity and (SPSRQ) Sensitivity to Reward (SR) did not correlate with the Mini-K. However, set correlation analysis revealed that SR correlated negatively with the Mini-K subscale Experience in romantic relationship and highlighted the importance of Insight, planning, and control in explaining the role of the BAS within slow lifestyle strategy. The findings are discussed in terms of possible evolutionary origins of the BAS.

The success of any organization depends on satisfied clients. When satisfied, clients are more loyal and willing to recommend products and services to others. In order to assure such outcomes, organizations provide available and accessible customer support, often using contact centres. Agents, interacting directly with clients, are the key element of a successful customer service. Thus, agent’s individual differences represent potential performance predictors in this process. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between personality traits and quality of customer service by taking into consideration participants’ contractual form of employment (fixed-term or indefinite). Based on the previous research, we expected the quality of customer service to relate positively with extraversion and agreeableness, and negatively with neuroticism. We were also interested to explore whether the form of employment moderates any of mentioned relations. The study has been conducted on-line among contact center agents of a communications service provider (CSP). The Mini IPIP scale was used to assess personality measures. The respondents provided their employment contract type and demographic data, while the measures of customer service quality were made available by the CSP in the form of two assessments, gathered from clients at the end of calls. The first of the assessments is an explicit measure of clients’ satisfaction with the interaction with the agent (SWA), and the second one (TNPS) targets a wider experience with the customer care department. The sample (N=87 ; Mage=31.0, SD=7.71) consists of 59 women (Mage=32.78, SD=7.96) out of which 32 with indefinite employment terms, and 38 men (Mage=27.32, SD=5.68), of which 20 hold indefinite employment contract. Results of multilevel linear regression analysis showed a positive relation of TNPS with extraversion and negative with neuroticism. Contrary to our expectations, agreeableness did not show to be a significant predictor of customer service quality. The form of employment contract moderated the relationship between extraversion and SWA. The relationship was positive for agents with indefinite term contracts, while for the agents with fixed-term contracts extraversion was a negative predictor of SWA. Expression of personality traits depends on situational factors. Based on the findings in this study, employment status represents one such situational variable.

Previous research has identified numerous employee’s individual differences that play a role in predicting success in sales work tasks. However, it seems that the role of attitudes towards sales and its relatedness to sales performance has not yet been in-vestigated, which was the aim of this study. This research was conducted on a sample of contact center agents who sell on a daily basis. We collected data on their demo-graphics, personality traits and attitudes towards sales. The information on agents’ objective monthly offer rate and sales performance across six months was provided by the employer. A series of hierarchical linear models showed that men sell more compa-red to women; that success in sales decreases over years of employment; that attitudes predict sales performance and that they are a better predictor then personality traits; and that offer rate does not mediate the relation of attitudes and closed sales. Further-more, the relation between attitudes and sales was not moderated by employee’s gen-der, level of education nor employment duration. These findings are interpreted in light of the theory of planned behavior.

Dosadašnja istraživanja pokazuju da ljudski glas ima važnu ulogu u prijenosu raznih karakteristika govornika, poput spola, dobi i tjelesne visine. Postoji i povezanost između raznih značajki glasa i percepcije osobina ličnosti. Primjerice, viši glas povezan je s percepcijom femininosti, a dublji s percepcijom dominacije. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati odnos karakteristika glasa i osobina ličnosti kod žena, pri čemu je pažnja usmjerena na samoprocjene maskulinosti, femininosti, dominacije i afilijacije. Sudjelovalo je 48 žena, čiji je izgovor samoglasnika /a/ snimljen tri puta. Izračunom prosječnih vrijednosti značajki glasa utvrđeno je da visina glasa nije povezana sa samoprocjenama osobina ličnosti. S druge strane, varijabilitet visine glasa negativno je povezan s maskulinosti te pozitivno s femininosti. Nadalje, shimmer je pozitivno, a omjer harmoničnoga tona i šuma negativno povezan s maskulinosti. Daljnje regresijske analize potvrdile su značajan doprinos varijabiliteta visine glasa i shimmera u predviđanju individualnih razlika u maskulinosti. Osim interpretacije rezultata u kontekstu nalaza ranijih istraživanja, u radu se raspravlja o smjernicama za poboljšanje metodologije budućih istraživanja., Previous studies have shown that human voice has an important role in communicating different traits, by implying speaker's sex, age, physical height, etc. Studies have also found correlations between various vocal characteristics and perceived personality traits. For example, there is evidence that higher pitch is positively related to perceived femininity, while lower pitch is related to perceived dominance. The aim of the present study was to investigate those relationships between voice and personality, by focusing on women's self- -reports of masculinity, femininity, dominance and affiliation. 48 women were recorded three times during vowel /a/ production. After acoustic analysis, it was found that voice pitch was not related to personality traits. On the contrary, pitch variability was negatively related to masculinity, and positively to femininity. Furthermore, shimmer was positively, and harmonics to noise ratio negatively related to self- -reported masculinity. Further regression analyses confirmed contribution of pitch variability and shimmer in explaining individual differences in masculinity. Besides the interpretation of the results in the context of previous findings, we discuss possible directions for future research in order to improve research methodology.

Introduction Studies show that natural disasters influence voters' perception of incumbent politicians. To investigate whether voters are prone to punish politicians for events that are out of their control, this study was conducted in the previously unstudied context of Croatia, and by considering some of the methodological issues of previous studies. Method Matching method technique was used, which ensures that affected and non-affected areas are matched on several control variables. The cases of natural disaster in the present study were floods that affected Croatia in 2014 and 2015. Results Main results showed that, prior to matching, floods had an impact on voting behaviour in the 2014 and 2015 elections. Voters from flooded areas decreased their support for the incumbent government and president in the elections following the floods. However, once we accounted for differences in control variables between flooded and non-flooded areas, the flood effect disappeared. Furthermore, results showed that neither the presence nor the amount of the government's relief spending had an impact on voting behaviour. Discussion: Presented results imply that floods did not have an impact on the election outcome. Results are interpreted in light of the retrospective voter model.

Previous studies have shown that voters rely on sexually dimorphic traits that signal masculinity and dominance when they choose political leaders. For example, voters exert strong preferences for candidates with lower pitched voices because these candidates are perceived as stronger and more competent. Moreover, experimental studies demonstrate that conservative voters, more than liberals, prefer political candidates with traits that signal dominance, probably because conservatives are more likely to perceive the world as a threatening place and to be more attentive to dangerous and threatening contexts. In light of these findings, this study investigates whether country-level ideology influences the relationship between candidate voice pitch and electoral outcomes of real elections. Specifically, we collected voice pitch data for presidential and prime minister candidates, aggregate national ideology for the countries in which the candidates were nominated, and measures of electoral outcomes for 69 elections held across the world. In line with previous studies, we found that candidates with lower pitched voices received more votes and had greater likelihood of winning the elections. Furthermore, regression analysis revealed an interaction between candidate voice pitch, national ideology, and election type (presidential or parliamentary). That is, having a lower pitched voice was a particularly valuable asset for presidential candidates in conservative and right-leaning countries (in comparison to presidential candidates in liberal and left-leaning countries and parliamentary elections). We discuss the practical implications of these findings, and how they relate to existing research on candidates’ voices, voting preferences, and democratic elections in general.

Brojna istraživanja pokazuju da su muškarci osjetljiviji na seksualnu nevjeru partnerice, dok su žene osjetljivije na emocionalnu nevjeru partnera. No manji broj istraživanja posvetio je pažnju ispitivanju razlika u ljubomori unutar svakoga spola. Kada je riječ o reproduktivnim strategijama, istraživanja su pokazala veću restriktivnost muškaraca u usporedbi sa ženama. Međutim, polazeći od evolucijskih postavki, može se pretpostaviti prisutnost kratkoročne i dugoročne strategije kod oba spola. Cilj je ovog istraživanja ispitati razlikuju li se restriktivni i nerestriktivni muškarci i žene u ljubomori na emocionalnu i seksualnu nevjeru. Ukupno 526 sudionika heteroseksualne orijentacije procjenjivalo je intenzitet ljubomore u hipotetskim situacijama seksualne i emocionalne nevjere te ispunilo Upitnik socioseksualne orijentacije (Kardum, Gračanin i Hudek-Knežević, 2006). Na osnovi rezultata u upitniku sudionici su podijeljeni u skupine restriktivnih i nerestriktivnih. Rezultati pokazuju veću ljubomoru muškaraca na seksualnu nevjeru i žena na emocionalnu nevjeru. U usporedbi s nerestriktivnim, restriktivni muškarci pokazali su veću ljubomoru na seksualnu nevjeru. Žene su osjetljivije na emocionalnu nevjeru, neovisno o reproduktivnoj strategiji. Prednosti i nedostatci obiju strategija te njihov efekt na ljubomoru interpretirani su u kontekstu evolucijskog razvoja mehanizama pronalaženja i zadržavanja partnera., Previous studies showed that men are more sensitive to sexual infidelity, while women are more sensitive to emotional infidelity. However, only a few of them investigated differences in jealousy within each sex. Moreover, studies of sex differences in reproductive strategies showed that women are more restrictive in comparison to men. According to evolutionary psychology, both long-term and short-term strategies could be found within each sex. The aim of this study is to investigate differences in sensitivity to sexual and emotional infidelity between restrictive and nonrestrictive men and women. 526 subjects took part in this study. They estimated the intensity of jealousy in hypothetical situations of sexual and emotional infidelity. Furthermore, sociosexual orientation was assessed using the Croatian adaptation of Sociosexual Orientation Inventory (Kardum, Gračanin, & Hudek-Knežević, 2006). Based on the results, subjects were divided into the groups of restrictive and nonrestrictive individuals. The results showed greater sensitivity to sexual infidelity in men and emotional infidelity in women. In comparison to nonrestrictive men, restrictive men showed greater sensitivity to sexual infidelity. Women are more sensitive to emotional infidelity, regardless of their reproductive strategy. Advantages and disadvantages of both strategies, as well as their effect on jealousy, could be interpreted within the context of evolutionary development of mechanisms for partner selection and mate guarding.

During political elections, voters rely on various cues that signal good social leadership, such as indicators of physical strength and masculinity. In adult men, masculine traits are related to testosterone levels, and one of those traits is low-pitched voice. Hence, lower pitch in a presidential candidate may be related to the election's outcome. This prediction is supported by experimental evidence showing that people prefer to vote for a candidate with a low-pitched voice. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between presidential candidates' vocal characteristics and actual election outcomes in 51 presidential elections held across the world. After analysis of the voices of opposing candidates, results showed that winners had lower-pitched voices with less pitch variability. Moreover, regression analysis revealed an interaction effect of voice pitch and voice pitch variability on the election outcome. Candidates with lower-pitched voices had greater likelihood of winning the election if they had higher pitch variability. This study extends previous findings, shows the importance of assessing vocal characteristics other than voice pitch, and offers external validity for the experimental evidence that candidates' vocal characteristics are related to the election outcome.

Sociosexuality refers to individual differences in willingness to engage in casual sex without emotional involvement with the partner. One of the most popular measures of sociosexuality is the Sociosexual Orientation Inventory (SOI) that was initially constructed as a one-dimensional measure. Although a multidimensional approach has been shown to be more informative, one-dimensional SOI scoring is still used. In this article, we replicate previous findings, using confirmatory procedures, that two-dimensional SOI scoring could be more adequate. Further, we demonstrate the advantages of a two-dimensional SOI structure in investigating relationships between sociosexuality and its personality correlates. These results could provide an incentive for a consensus of using multidimensional measures of sociosexuality.

Recent studies suggest that body height has an effect on the intensity of jealousy among men and women. Since short men and both short and tall women are regarded as less attractive, they could be at greater risk of being cheated by their partners and therefore more jealous. Numerous studies have documented sex differences in jealousy about a partner’s sexual and emotional infidelity with a person of the opposite sex. However, the partner’s ex as a rival has been neglected in the literature. Therefore, in this study the relationships between height and jealousy about two types of infidelity among 112 heterosexual men and 314 women were investigated. Infidelity scenarios included two types of rival: new rival and partner’s ex. As expected on the basis of prior studies, men were more jealous of sexual infidelity and women of emotional infidelity. Both sexes reported greater jealousy over a new rival than over partner’s ex. Among men, there were no relationships between height and jealousy, while among women, significant linear and curvilinear relationships were found for sexual infidelity with an ex-girlfriend. Jealousy was lowest among tall women and highest among short and medium-height women. The results were interpreted within the framework of evolutionary psychology.