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Complex sclerosing lesion (CSL)/radial scar of breast is a benign entity that can pose a diagnostic challenge due to resemblance to breast carcinoma on imaging. Hamartoma are uncommon benign tumors, composed of disorganized mixture of glandular, fibrous, and adipose tissues, which can exhibit classical imaging characteristics. Here we describe a case of concomitant CSL and hamartoma in left beast, of which CSL presented as suspicious mass on imaging but was ultimately confirmed to be benign on histopathology with 4 years of documented stability.

Benign breast diseases (BBDs) are the most common group of diseases among women that negatively affect their quality of life. In fact, these pathological conditions are diagnosed at least 10 times more often than breast cancer. Up to 30% of women with BBDs will need treatment at some point in their lives. A triple assessment which is performed using imaging methods of clinical examination (ultrasound examination, mammography) and histopathological examination after a puncture biopsy during the initial consultation allows to exclude breast cancer in the majority of patients. ` The main clinical manifestation of BBDs is mastalgia. In recent years, a variety of natural herbal remedies have played a significant role in the symptom-modifying therapy of mastalgia. The objective: to study the possibility of using an innovative phytocomplex as a symptom-modifying agent in the presence of BBDs, which is manifested by mastalgia. Materials and methods. Clinical monitoring of 60 patients between the ages of 22 and 46 years old with BBDs of various genesis was carried out. The study group included 30 women who used a phytocomplex containing 3,3`-diindolylmethane (200 mg), vitex extract (100 mg), epigallocatechin (45 mg), broccoli extract (0.4 mg), 1 tablet twice daily for 90 days. The reference group included 30 women who used a dietary supplement with indole-3-carbinol (200 mg) according to a similar scheme. Assessment of clinical symptoms of BBDs, measurement of interleukin-6 level in blood serum, fine-needle aspiration biopsy of pathological foci and immunocytochemical analysis of biopsies, assessment of patients’ quality of life were performed before and after treatment Results. The innovative phytocomplex (diindolylmethane – DIM, Agni casti fructus) compared to the indole-3-carbinol monopreparation demonstrated a higher efficiency in creating conditions for the elimination of clinical manifestations of BBDs: discomfort, swelling, pain at rest and during palpation. A pronounced regression of clinical symptoms was observed in the study group: a decreased frequency of patients with chest discomfort from 100 to 36.7%, a decrease in pain at rest and during pressure – from 53.3 to 13.3% and from 33.3 to 13.3%, respectively, swelling – from 46.7 to 16.7%. The index of the quality of life of patients, which was determined by the sum of the scores of the questionnaire filled out by the patients themselves, showed a more pronounced tendency to increase in the study group. Conclusions. The innovative phytocomplex can be recommended as a preparation for phytotherapeutic correction in order to help reduce the intensity and eliminate mastalgia and other symptoms of BBDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Relevant studies suggest that serum vitamin level is related to the risk of breast cancer, and dietary pattern and drug supplementation can significantly affect the level of vitamin in the body. Therefore, intervention of vitamin level in the body is expected to be a potential strategy to reduce the risk of breast cancer. However, the current epidemiological findings of serum vitamin levels and breast cancer risk are inconsistent, and the relationship between serum vitamin and breast cancer is still controversial. In this study, we compared the serum vitamin expression levels of healthy people, benign breast patients, and breast cancer patients, and evaluated the relationship between B vitamin levels and breast cancer risk. Methods The study used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to determine the serum vitamin levels of 520 people who attended Yunnan Cancer Hospital from September 2020 to December 2020. After screening by exclusion criteria, 38 patients with benign breast diseases, 87 patients with breast cancer and 91 healthy controls were finally included. The kruskal–wallis H test was used to compare the differences in serum vitamin levels of subjects. Χ2 test was used to evaluate the relationship between B vitamin level and age,BMI,TNM staging,Ki-67,Her-2,surgery and chemotherapy, and other baseline characteristics and through binary logistic regression analysis, calculating odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) to evaluate the relationship between B vitamins and breast cancer risk. Conclusion The levels of VitB1 and VitB5 in the serum of breast cancer patients and patients with benign breast diseases were higher than those in the healthy control group, while the expression levels of VitB3 in breast cancer patients were lower than those in the healthy control group and the breast benign disease groups. The level of VitB1 was positively correlated with breast cancer risk. The VitB3 level was negatively correlated with breast cancer risk. The VitB5 level is not significantly related to the risk of breast cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the characteristics of fibroadenomas and demographics of women presenting with breast masses in order to differentiate such masses from malignant breast masses. METHODS: This cross-sectional survey was conducted at Khyber Teaching Hospital, Pakistan. Women with breast masses presenting to surgical outpatient department were assessed by taking a thorough history and breast examination, followed by imaging (ultrasound/mammography). Diagnosis was confirmed by fine needle aspiration cytology/Core biopsy. Only diagnosed cases of fibroadenomas were included in this study. RESULTS: Majority (n=93; 70.5%) of fibroadenoma patients were aging from 16-30 years. Seventy (n=70; 53.0%) patients belonged to urban areas. Menstrual cycle was regular in 123 (93.2%) cases. Sixty-four (48.5%) patients were using oral contraceptive pills. Majority (n=79; 59.8%) of patients were nulliparous. Most (38.6%) women presented with a duration of the lump in 1-6 months. Approximately half (n=51; 53 %) of patient reported no increase in size. Lump was painful in 77 (58.3%) cases and 34 (74.2%) stated that the pain was acyclical. Lumps were mainly located on left side (n=64; 48.5%) and in upper outer quadrants (n=54; 40.9%) of breast. Mean lump size was 4.05 cm. Only 9 (6.8%) patients reported nipple discharge. Almost all of the patients (n=128; 97%) chose to undergo excision of the fibroadenoma. CONCLUSION: Fibroadenomas are a common presentation in women presenting with breast masses in the surgical outpatient department, most frequent in women aging 16-30 years and nulliparous. There is a strong predominance in the left breast in the upper outer quadrant.

Background: Relevant studies suggest that serum vitamin level is related to the risk of breast cancer, and dietary pattern and drug supplementation can significantly affect the level of vitamin in the body. Therefore, intervention of vitamin level in the body is expected to be a potential strategy to reduce the risk of breast cancer. However, the current epidemiological findings of serum vitamin levels and breast cancer risk are inconsistent, and the relationship between serum vitamin and breast cancer is still controversial. In this study, we compared the serum vitamin expression levels of healthy people, benign breast patients, and breast cancer patients, and evaluated the relationship between B vitamin levels and breast cancer risk. Methods: The study used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to determine the serum vitamin levels of 520 people who attended Yunnan Cancer Hospital from September 2020 to December 2020. After screening by exclusion criteria, 38 patients with benign breast diseases, 87 patients with breast cancer and 91 healthy controls were finally included. The kruskal–wallis H test was used to compare the differences in serum vitamin levels of subjects. Χ2 test was used to evaluate the relationship between B vitamin level and age,BMI,TNM staging,Ki-67,Her-2,surgery and chemotherapy, and other baseline characteristics and through binary logistic regression analysis, calculating odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) to evaluate the relationship between B vitamins and breast cancer risk. Conclusion: The levels of VitB1 and VitB5 in the serum of breast cancer patients and patients with benign breast diseases were higher than those in the healthy control group, while the expression levels of VitB3 in breast cancer patients were lower than those in the healthy control group and the breast benign disease groups. The level of VitB1 was positively correlated with breast cancer risk. The VitB3 level was negatively correlated with breast cancer risk. The VitB5 level is not significantly related to the risk of breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Distinguishing benign breast diseases (BBDs) from malignant breast diseases is a worrisome entity and should also have knowledge of the pattern of occurrence of the disorders in their geographical location. This research aimed to study the clinical and histopathological pattern of BBD in Indian patients. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 153 specimens from lumpectomy, core needle biopsy, and mastectomy. Data regarding patients' age, sex, presenting complaints, duration of the complaints, and history of menstrual cycles and lactation were collected from the biopsy requisition forms and case papers. The tissue bits were processed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and a histopathological examination was performed. Results: Most of the patients in the present study were females (n = 151, 98.7%). The mean age of the patients was 30.45 years. Most of the BBD cases (n = 118, 77.14%) were benign, of which fibroadenoma (101 cases) accounted for 66%. Majority of the lesions were in the upper outer quadrant (39.22%). Of the 153 cases, 94 cases of fibroadenoma, one case of breast abscess, nine cases of fibrocystic change, four cases of phyllodes, three cases of lipoma, and one case of gynecomastia diagnosed clinically correlated well with histopathology (n = 112, 73%). Conclusion: BBDs are mostly seen in female patients in the age group of 21-30 years. Fibroadenoma is the most common BBD. Clinical assessment followed by histopathological examination provided an accurate diagnosis. The clinical diagnosis correlated well with histopathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Fibrocystic change (FCC) of the breast is one of the most common benign breast diseases commonly observed between 20-50 years, with a peak in the perimenopausal age group. Patients present with various symptoms such as lump in the breast, mastalgia (commonly related to the menstrual cycles) or nipple discharge. Materials and Methods: In our retrospective study, which included 172 patients, the imaging findings were observed by ultrasound and X-ray mammogram. Based on the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) guidelines given by the American College of Radiology (ACR), our imaging findings were classified as BI-RADS 2 in benign lesions, an d complicated cysts were classified as probably benign - BI-RADS 3. Indeterminate findings were classified as suspicious lesions and BI-RADS 4a/b/c. Imaging and histopathological correlation was performed. Results: Ultrasound findings revealed diffuse/bilateral abnormalities with the most common finding being simple cysts followed in descending order by complicated cysts, clustered cysts, complex solid cystic masses, solid lesions, duct ectasia, and intraductal lesions. Mammogram showed dense (type C or D) fibro glandular pattern obscuring the lesions, followed by well-defined/partly obscured opacities. Simple cysts and complicated cysts showed predominant features of cyst formation on HPE. Atypical hyperplasia was seen in ductal and complex solid cystic mass lesions. Conclusion: It is essential for radiologists to be familiar with imaging and pathological findings of fibrocystic disease of the breast for further workup and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Traditional method of sector resection provides tightening the edges of the wound, herewith the effect of pulling the tissue to the middle of the organ is visually revealed, which in some cases leads to significant tissue deformation. Materials and methods. We analyzed the results of treatment of 67 patients with benign breast diseases for the period 2010–2019, who underwent mammary gland resections in the volume of 1 quadrant. Before surgical interventions, the limits of deepidermisation for mastopexy were calculated. The effectiveness of the method was assessed by indicators of life quality. Results. It was shown that the proposed technique, which involves preoperative planning followed by mastopexy, does not increase the number of early postoperative complications, and in the long term improves the quality of life. Discussion. Today, there are only few reports about using of plastic surgery methods in treatment of patients with benign breast diseases, and the impact of operations on the life quality of women is also not enough studied. Conclusions. At the stage of preoperative preparation of patients, it is necessary to conduct an ultrasound examination of the breast with the calculation of the volume of tissue for resection and the possibility of mastopexy performing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Benign breast disorders are the most common abnormalities found in women as far as breast disease is concerned. The study's goal was to see if there is a link between serum dyslipidemia and benign breast diseases in women. Subjects and Methods: This is a case-control study, that involved 70 patients with benign breast diseases (cyclical mastalgia, fibrocystic breast disease and fibroadenoma) and 70 control healthy women and all of them had been selected randomly, aged (20-45 years) in a period between 1st September. 2021- 30th June. 2022. It is hospital-based study, The patients’ group was carried out at the breast clinic at Azadi teaching hospital, while healthy participants in control group had been recruited in this study from different places in Duhok city such as governmental institutions, camps and universities with matching ages. Results: The mean age of patients and control groups was 33.5±7.6 and 33.1±6.5 respectively. Fibrocystic breast disease constitutes 40 % of patients with benign breast diseases, while 38 % of them had cyclical mastalgia and only 21% had fibroadenoma. Seventy-Eight percent of patients had a normal lipid profiles and it is also normal in 80 % of a control group (P value less than <0.8). There was a significant difference in total cholesterol and VLDL between patients and control groups (P value less than <0.004 and 0.0005 consequently). Regarding the relationship of a lipid profile to the different etiologies of benign breast diseases, all parameters were not significant between different groups except for LDL and VLDL, as it was significant when we compare fibroadenoma to fibrocystic breast diseases with the P-value of 0.0001 and 0.0002 consequently. Also, when we compare fibroadenoma and cyclical mastalgia, there was a significant difference between LDL and VLDL with P values of 0.0001 and 0.01consequently. Conclusion: There is a clear association between benign breast diseases and some parameters of lipid profile such as total cholesterol and VLDL. We do recommend measuring lipid profiles in these groups of patients especially those with fibroadenoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To summarize the data of women with breast mulignant tumor investigation consequence in Hainan Province from 2014 to 2018, and we study the execution of breast cancer items and the morbidity of women's breast mulignant tumor. Methods According to the unified standards of Hainan Province, the clinical data of 213 321 cases of breast cancer screening projects from 2014 to 2018 were summarized, and the results of breast cancer screening and project implementation were statistically analyzed. Results From 2014 to 2018, the total number of breast cancer screening tasks for women in Hainan Province was 172 000, and the total number of actual examinations was 213 321, and the task completion rate was 124.02%. Of the actual total, 93 127(43.66%) had been previously screened for breast cancer. The suspicious detection rates of color ultrasonic examination, X-ray examination and pathological examination were 4.98%, 44.74% and 32.67%, respectively, it is statistically significant of positive detection in the different years (P<0.05). A total of 13 885 cases of benign breast diseases were detected in 5 years, the positive rate of abnormal cases was 6.51%. The detection rates of breast fibroadenoma, intraductal papilloma, and other benign diseases were 1.04%, 0.04% and 5.43%, it is statistically significant of the abnormal/suspicious detection rate of different benign breast diseases (P<0.05). The positive rate of histopathological abnormalities in 5 years was 53.91/100 000. And the detection rate of breast cancer was 41.25/100 000, precancerous lesion was 10.78/100 000. After adjusting the age structure, the standardized prevalence rates of breast cancer in 2014-2018 were 51.53/100 000, 33.87/100 000, 59.26/100 000, 40.87/100 000, 36.14/100 000, and the 5-year standardized prevalence rate of breast cancer was 44.20/100 000. The follow-up rate of breast cancer was 91.30%, and the treatment rate was 83.48%. Conclusions The breast mulignant tumor investigation project in Hainan Province has achieved certain results. The government still needs to increase investment to expand the scope of breast cancer screening, improve the suspicious/abnormal case follow-up system, make better diagnosis capabilities of doctors and better investigation effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to estimate some of the indicators as a risk factors of breast tumors. The study included the measurements of the Body Mass Index (BMI), Cortisol, Leptin and Vitamin D in blood serum of: 165 samples: (85) of them satisfactory sample of patients with breast cancer, (30) with benign breast diseases and (50) healthy women were used as a control. Samples were collected from the Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Specialized Hospital in Mosul. The results were as showed a highly significant increase (P= 0.01) in serum levels of cortisol and leptin in patients with breast cancer with controls groups, while there were no significant differences in the levels between patients with benign breast disease and control groups. The patients with breast cancer were found significant lower (P≥0.01) in the levels of serum Vitamin D in patients with breast cancer and no differences in patients with benign breast diseases compared with controls groups. The results also showed a significant increase in the (BMI) for the first age group of benign breast tumors and a significant increase (P≥0.01) for all groups of malignant tumor compared with control groups. The results showed increased with the progression of tumor stage progresses from first to third stage while decrease in the fourth stage. The highest level of cortisol was observed in the first stage of tumor and decreased in the second stage, more decreased was noticed in third stage, while in forth stage was increased. The results showed that levels of leptin increased with progression of tumor stages. Also the results indicates decrease in the level of Vitamin D as the tumor stages progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose An effective biomarker for the diagnosis of breast cancer (BC) and benign breast diseases (BBD) is crucial for improving the prognosis. We investigated whether N6-methyladenosine (m6A) can be a diagnostic biomarker of BC. Materials and Methods We detected the contents of peripheral blood m6A in 62 patients with BC, 41 patients with BBD, and 41 normal controls (NCs) using the colorimetric method. The relative expression of the m6A regulated genes methyltransferase-like 14 (METTL14) and fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) was analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results m6A in peripheral blood RNA was significantly higher in patients with BC than that in patients with BBD (p < 0.001) or the NCs (p < 0.001). m6A was closely associated with the disease stage (from stage 0 to stage I-IV, p=0.003). The receiver operating characteristic curve of m6A contained an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.887 in BC, which was greater than that of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) or carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153). The combination of m6A, CEA, and CA153 improved the AUC to 0.914. The upregulated and downregulated mRNA expression of METTL14 and FTO, respectively, might contribute to the increase of m6A in patients with BC. m6A combined with METTL14 and FTO improved the AUC to 0.929 with a specificity of 97.4% in the peripheral blood of patients with BC. Conclusion The peripheral blood RNA of m6A might be a valuable biomarker for the diagnosis of BC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Breast disorders cause great anxiety for women especially when they occur in pregnancy because breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer related deaths in women. Majority of the disorders are Benign Breast Diseases (BBD) with various degrees of associated breast cancer risks. With increasing breast cancer awareness in Nigeria, we sought to determine the prevalence and characteristics of breast disorders among a cohort of pregnant women. Methods A longitudinal study of 1248 pregnant women recruited in their first trimester- till 26 weeks gestational age consecutively from selected antenatal clinics (ANCs), in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria. A pretested interviewer- administered questionnaire was used to collect information at recruitment. Clinical Breast Examination (CBE) using MammaCare® technique was performed at recruitment and follow up visits at third trimester, six weeks postpartum and six months postpartum. Women with breast disorders were referred for Breast Ultrasound Scan (BUS) and those with Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BIRADS) ≥4 had ultrasound guided biopsy. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata version 14. Results Mean age of participants was 29.7 ± 5.2 years and mean gestational age at recruitment was 20.4 ± 4.4 weeks. Seventy-two participants (5.8%) had a past history of BBD and 345 (27.6%) were primigravidae. Overall, breast disorder was detected among 223 (17.9%) participants and 149 (11.9%) had it detected at baseline. Findings from the CBE showed that 208 (69.6%) of 299 breast disorders signs found were palpable lumps or thickenings in the breast, 28 (9.4%) were persistent pain, and 63 (21.1%) were abscesses, infection and mastitis. Twenty out of 127 (15.7%) participants who had BUS performed were classified as BIRADS ≥3. Lesions found by BUS were reactive lymph nodes (42.5%), prominent ducts (27.1%), fibroadenoma (9.6%), breast cysts (3.8%) and fibrocystic changes (2.5%). No malignant pathology was found on ultrasound guided biopsy. Conclusions Breast lump is a major breast disorder among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Ibadan. Routine clinical breast examination and follow up of pregnant women found with breast disorders could facilitate early detection of pregnancy associated breast cancer in low resource settings.

Preservation and prolongation of the lactation period is not only a guarantee of the child's full physical and mental development but also one of the most important methods for reducing the risk of developing breast cancer. Problems with the mammary gland nipple in a woman in the early postnatal period lead to a refusal of lactation. We carried out a retrospective analysis (period from 2010 to 2016) of the causes of traumatizing mammary gland nipples in the early postnatal period in 172 women (mean age 29.1 ± 4.3 years). Methods of prevention and treatment of nipple injuries in the early postnatal period have been offered for the lactation period prolongation.

Despite the higher incidence of breast cancer in older age groups, it remains pertinent not to overlook breast cancer occurrence in those aged 35 years and below. Recent transitions toward targeted under-35 clinics in England aim to enhance efficiency and meet referral standards. Three models were planned, and we assessed the efficiency of each model. This study, conducted for five months within a single National Health Service (NHS) trust, analyzed data from the following clinics: the General One-Stop Clinic, the Under 35 One-Stop Clinic with ultrasound services (USS), and the Under 35 Clinic without USS services. Of the 300 patients recruited (100 consecutive patients from each clinic), 94.3% were female. The average age at presentation was 27.53 years. The most frequently encountered age group was between 26 and 30 years, and the majority of patients had palpable lumps (78, 51.6%). Out of 300 patients who attended the clinics, 151 had USS, and of these, 15 biopsies were performed. Fibroadenomas (32, 21.2%) and cysts (22, 14.6%) were the most common radiological findings. We found that more breast imaging was being undertaken for under-35 patients who attended the general one-stop clinics compared to the specific under-35 clinics. Targeted breast clinics for individuals 35 years and below offer an effective approach in terms of resource allocation and meeting cancer targets., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2024, Fagbemi et al.)

It is known that benign breast tissue exhibit relatively low angiogenic capacity. Activation of angiogenesis in mammary pre-malignant lesions could be associated with disease progression and high risk of transformation into the breast cancer. However, insight into the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in angiogenesis regulation in non-cancerous breast pathologies is still poorly defined. The purpose of the present study was to determine levels of plasminogen and its proteolytic fragments (angiostatins) in mammary dysplasia (mastopathy and breast cyst) and benign neoplasms (fibroadenomas). Plasminogen and angiostatins were analyzed using immunoblotting and quantified by densitometric scanning. The significant increase in plasminogen levels was found in fibrocystic, cysts, and non-proliferatious fibroadenoma masses (4.7-, 3.7-, and 3.5-fold, respectively) compared to healthy breast tissues (control). In the same benign lesions, 6.7-, 4-, and 3.7-fold increase in plasminogen 50 kDa fragment (angiostatin) levels as compared with control were also observed. Activation of matrix metalloproteinase-9, which was detected using gelatine zymography, could be responsible for plasminogen cleavage and abundance of angiostatin in fibrocystic and cyst masses. In contrast, dramatic decrease of both plasminogen and angiostatin levels (3.8- and 5.3-folds, respectively) was shown in tissues of proliferatious form of fibroadenoma in comparison with that of the dormant type of this neoplasm. Based on the obtained results, we concluded that angiostatin, a potent vessel growth inhibitor and anti-inflammatory molecule, can play a crucial role in pathophysiology of non-cancerous breast diseases. Further studies are needed to evaluate potential diagnostic and clinical implications of these proteins for prediction and therapy of benign breast pathologies.

Breast tumor diseases include a wide range of pathologies that require different approaches to their treatment. MicroRNA (miR) levels, reflecting regulation of the gene expression involved in tumorigenesis, can be diagnostic and prognostic markers of breast diseases. The levels of circulating miR-181a and miR-25 were measured in patients with benign breast diseases (BBD), patients with invasive carcinoma of a nonspecific type (ICNT) and also in conditionally healthy women. Expression of both miRs was higher in patients of both groups as compared to controls; at the same time, the content of serum miR-181a and miR-25 was higher in BBD patients than in ICNT patients. The detected changes may be of interest in the context of precancerous changes in BBD. It seems possible to use them in the future as markers of the pathological process as a part of a large diagnostic panel.

Breast cancer is the leading cause of death by cancer in women aged less than 40. However, organized screening of young healthy women has been recognized as inefficient and even deleterious by most experts [1], and should not been offered. Individualized screening, targeting only some young high-risk women, may be beneficial although no randomized trial has proven an impact on breast cancer mortality. All recommendations are based on expert's opinions. This review offers a toned overview of these recommendations and underlines the need of careful information and shared decision with each patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Radiological examination of the breast is established as an essential part of the modern multidisplinary approach to effective investigation and management of breast diseases. The standard techniques used for breast imaging are screen film X-ray mammography and real time ultrasound. The aim of this study is to document mammographic findings in females seeking medical attention at the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto, Nigeria. Methods: The study was a descriptive retrospective analysis of the mammographic breast examinations (both screening and diagnostic) seen over a period of one year (February 2012 - January 2013). A total 125 patients were recruited in this study. Relevant parameters extracted from the records included patients age, presenting complain, referring clinic/unit, indications and the reporting radiologist findings (diagnosis). All the data collected were analyzed using a Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0 windows. Results: The age range of the study participants was 18 to 71 years with a mean and standard deviation value of 41.87±10.15. Majority of our patients (44%) were referred from GOPD (General Out Patient Department); followed by SOPD (Surgical Out Patient Department) with 41 patients (32.8%). Other referring clinics included Accident and Emergency (A and E) (3.2%), Staff Clinic (1.6%), Medical outpatient Department (MOPD) 4.0%, Clinic 1 less than 1%. Gynea Clinic (3.2%) and Radiotherapy Unit (1.6%). The commonest indications for these examinations in our patients include Breast Pain (unilateral or bilateral); Breast Lump (unilateral or bilateral), bloody nipple discharge, ?Breast Cancer (left or right), Fibrocystic dysplasia, mastitis among others. The predominant diagnosis observed in our results was BIRADS 1 (normal examination) which constituted 73 (58.4) patients. Conclusion: Most of our patients for diagnostic mammography were found to have Benign breast diseases than breast cancers; suggesting that there is a high diagnostic yield of mammography in the evaluation and management of breast diseases in this environment.

Introduction: Breast diseases in women, whether benign or malignant, are very commonly encountered. Benign diseases are under reported and cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality in women. This study was undertaken with an aim to study the profile of various breast disease in the community. Materials and Methods: In this observational study all the post pubertal women residing in the selected village (n=1000) were included. The study was done from September 2013 to August 2015. A thorough history taking was done with the help of a predesigned proforma followed by a clinical breast examination and further investigation at our hospital if necessary. Results: It was found in this study that mastalgia, both cyclical and non-cyclical as well as lumps were a common finding in the general population. Significant proportions of women were found to be in the peri-menopausal age group. Median age of menarche was 13 years; menopause was 45 years. The average age at first childbirth was 21 years with 1 year being the median duration of breast-feeding. A total of 128 women (1 in 8) had positive symptomatology with 94 (1 in 11) of them having a breast disease on examination. One was diagnosed with breast cancer. The prevalence of cyclical mastalgia was 1 in 11, non-cyclical mastalgia 1 in 34, fibroadenosis 1 in 23 and fibroadenoma 1 in 100. The awareness regarding risk factors and the availability of screening program was very poor. The average age of presentation of mastalgia was 34 years; fibroadenosis was 35 years and fibroadenoma 29 years. None of the women interacted with or had consulted a practitioner regarding mastalgia as it was not perceived to be a sign of malignancy and did not cause any significant discomfort. Conclusion: It was thus concluded from this study that benign breast diseases are a common occurrence in the general population. Breast cancer continues to be diagnosed only at later stages owing to lack of awareness and inadequately structured screening program. The concept of self-breast examination seems to be poorly understood. CBE is more fruitful with subsequent radiological and histopathological investigation, if warranted.

Aim To investigate the presence and expression levels of the IL-18 in the primary breast cancer tissue in relation to the unchangedbreast tissue in same patients and the breast tissue in patients withbenign breast disease, as well as the correlation between the IL-18 expression levels and pathohistological factors, including thecorrelation between IL-18 expression and the estrogens and progesterone receptor status. Methods This prospective randomized study was conducted at the Policlinic for Laboratory Diagnostics of the University Clinical Centre of Tuzla. 50 patients with invasive ductal breast cancer and 20 patients with benign breast diseases were included in the study. The tree-step immunohistochemical staining was used for testing the levels of IL-18 expression and hormone receptor status. Results IL-18 was present in the breast cancer tumour, in the surrounding unchanged tissue of the same patients and in the breast tissue of patients with benign breast tumour and other benign breast disease. The expression of this interleukin was signiicantly higher in breast cancer tumour tissue as compared to its expression in surrounding unchanged tissue of the same patients (p

Several studies have investigated the relation between benign breast diseases (BBD) and food intake. However, dietary patterns of these patients have not been taken into consideration up to now. The aim of this study is to determine the association between dietary patterns and BBD. In this case-control study, ninety-six patients with BBD and seventy controls were selected from women attending the Iranian Center for Breast Cancer affiliated with Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research. Demographic, physical activity and semi-quantitative FFQ were completed. The main dietary patterns were extracted by factor analysis. Two major dietary patterns emerged: Healthy dietary pattern including fish, poultry, eggs, low-fat dairy products, vegetables, legumes, nuts and seeds, whole grains, oil and mayonnaise, olives, fruits; and Unhealthy dietary pattern including red meats, organ and processed meats, high-fat dairy products, refined grains, sweets and desserts, animal and solid fats. After adjustment for age, BMI and energy intake, the participants in the highest tertile of Healthy dietary pattern (OR 0·44; 95% CI 0·20, 0·99) were less likely to have BBD compared with those in the first tertile. After adjustment for other confounding variables, this relationship still remained close to significant level. However, higher consumption of Unhealthy dietary pattern was not associated with the risk of BBD. In conclusion, Healthy dietary pattern might be inversely associated with the risk of BBD; however, this result should be interpreted with caution. Future studies are needed to confirm our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Breast diseases in women, whether benign or malignant, are very commonly encountered. Benign diseases are under reported and cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality in women. This study was undertaken with an aim to study the profile of various breast disease in the community. materials and methods: In this observational study all the post pubertal women residing in the selected village (n=1000) were included. The study was done from September 2013 to August 2015. A thorough history taking was done with the help of a predesigned proforma followed by a clinical breast examination and further investigation at our hospital if necessary. results: It was found in this study that mastalgia, both cyclical and non-cyclical as well as lumps were a common finding in the general population. Significant proportions of women were found to be in the peri-menopausal age group. Median age of menarche was 13 years; menopause was 45 years. The average age at first childbirth was 21 years with 1 year being the median duration of breast-feeding. A total of 128 women (1 in 8) had positive symptomatology with 94 (1 in 11) of them having a breast disease on examination. One was diagnosed with breast cancer. The prevalence of cyclical mastalgia was 1 in 11, non-cyclical mastalgia 1 in 34, fibroadenosis 1 in 23 and fibroadenoma 1 in 100. The awareness regarding risk factors and the availability of screening program was very poor. The average age of presentation of mastalgia was 34 years; fibroadenosis was 35 years and fibroadenoma 29 years. None of the women interacted with or had consulted a practitioner regarding mastalgia as it was not perceived to be a sign of malignancy and did not cause any significant discomfort. conclusion: It was thus concluded from this study that benign breast diseases are a common occurrence in the general population. Breast cancer continues to be diagnosed only at later stages owing to lack of awareness and inadequately structured screening program. The concept of self-breast examination seems to be poorly understood. CBE is more fruitful with subsequent radiological and histopathological investigation, if warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benign mammary lumps and mastalgia are the most common breast disorders; yet, there is no clear-cut consensus about the best strategy for their treatment. We hypothesized that a combination, including boswellic acid, betaine, and myoinositol, would be beneficial in breast disorders by exerting a pleiotropic effect on multiple pathways. Indeed, myoinositol has already been proven to modulate some factors involved in the genesis of breast diseases, such as fibrosis and metabolic and endocrine cues. In our study, 76 women were randomly assigned to either the experimental or the placebo arm. After six months of treatment, statistically significant differences between the two groups were recorded for pain relief (56% vs 17%) and breast density reduction (60% vs 9%). Furthermore, benign breast mass dimension showed a reduction in the experimental group (40% vs 16%). The combination of boswellic acid, betaine, and myoinositol has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of breast pain and radiologically and histologically confirmed benign breast mass and in the reduction of breast density, one of the pivotal risk factors for the development of breast cancer, without any side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the association between overall life satisfaction and healthy lifestyle, knowledge of breast cancer, physical examination, and detection rate of breast cancer and benign breast disease in Chinese women. In a multicentered breast disease screening program in China, we enrolled 33,057 women aged 45-65 years without prior diagnosis of breast cancer. After completing an epidemiological questionnaire, all participants were examined by clinical breast examination, breast ultrasound, and mammography independently. All breast cancer cases and a selected sample of benign breast diseases were confirmed pathologically. Univariate and multivariate odds ratios ( ORs) and 95% confidence intervals ( CIs) were calculated to estimate the association between life satisfaction and lifestyle, knowledge of breast cancer, physical examination, and detection rate of breast diseases. Overall life satisfaction was positively associated with women's healthy lifestyle. Compared with less satisfied women, satisfied women were less likely to be smokers ( OR = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.47-0.62), have more exercise ( OR = 1.49; 95% CI: 1.26-1.75), eat less fried ( OR = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.50-0.71), smoked ( OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.47-0.63), pickled ( OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.55-0.79), and grilled ( OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.54-0.74) foods. Satisfied women were more likely to have knowledge of breast cancer ( OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.29-1.70), and have regular physical examinations ( OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.01-1.12). Compared to less satisfied women, we found significantly lower detection rate of benign breast diseases ( OR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.82-0.99), and lower but nonsignificant detection rate of breast cancer ( OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.35-1.25) in satisfied women. Women with a higher overall life satisfaction are more likely to have healthy lifestyle, knowledge of breast cancer, and regular physical examination, thus resulting in a lower detection rate of breast diseases in screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]