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Resumen El bullying es un fenómeno social contemporáneo que impacta en múltiples estructuras y contextos sociales. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo establecer la asociación entre funciones ejecutivas (FE), cognición social en adolescentes y el bullying. Estudio descriptivo transversal con una muestra de 109 sujetos seleccionados mediante un muestreo por conveniencia. Se realizó una regresión logística multinomial, encontrando que la cognición social es un factor protector (OR: .17 IC 95% .05-.59) (OR: .27 IC 95% .08- .85) en el grupo de los agresores respecto a los controles; así como en el grupo de víctimas respecto a los controles (OR: .15 IC 95% .05 - .42) (OR: .30 IC 95% (.11- .82). De esta manera, una adecuada cognición social se asocia como un factor protector ante el bullying y el presentar déficits en las FE se asocia a un incremento del riesgo de tres veces de padecerlo. Abstract Bullying is a contemporary social phenomenon that impacts multiple social structures and contexts. This study aimed to establish the association between executive functions (EF) and social cognition in adolescents. A cross-sectional descriptive study with a sample of 109 subjects was selected by convenience sampling. Multinomial logistic regression was performed, finding that social cognition is a protective factor (OR: 0.17 IC 95% 0.05-0.59) (OR: 0.27 IC 95% 0.08- 0.85) in the group of aggressors to controls; in addition, the group of victims to controls (OR: 0.15 IC 95% 0.05 - 0.42) (OR: 0.30 IC 95% (0.11- 0.82). Thus, adequate social cognition is associated as a protective factor against bullying, and presenting deficits in EF is associated with a threefold increased risk of bullying. Resumo O bullying é um fenómeno social contemporâneo que tem impacto em múltiplas estruturas e contextos sociais. Este estudo visava estabelecer a associação entre as funções executivas (EF) e a cognição social nos adolescentes. Estudo descritivo de corte transversal com uma amostra de 109 sujeitos seleccionados por amostragem de conveniência. Foi realizada uma regressão logística multinomial, constatando que a cognição social é um factor de protecção (OR: 0.17 IC 95% 0.05-0.59) (OR: 0.27 IC 95% 0.08- 0.85) no grupo de agressores em relação aos controlos; bem como no grupo de vítimas em relação aos controlos (OR: 0.15 IC 95% 0.05 - 0.42) (OR: 0.30 IC 95% (0.11- 0.82). Assim, a cognição social adequada está associada como um factor de protecção contra o bullying e ter défices na EF está associada a um risco triplicado de bullying. Résumé Le harcèlement est un phénomène social contemporain qui a un impact sur de multiples structures et contextes sociaux. Cette étude visait à établir l’association entre les fonctions exécutives (FE) et la cognition sociale chez les adolescents. Étude descriptive transversale avec un échantillon de 109 sujets sélectionnés par échantillonnage de convenance. Une régression logistique multinomiale a été réalisée et a permis de constater que la cognition sociale est un facteur de protection (OR: 0.17 IC 95% 0.05-0.59) (OR: 0.27 IC 95% 0.08- 0.85) dans le groupe des auteurs par rapport aux témoins ; ainsi que dans le groupe des victimes par rapport aux témoins (OR: 0.15 IC 95% 0.05 - 0.42) (OR: 0.30 IC 95% (0.11- 0.82). Ainsi, une cognition sociale adéquate est associée à un facteur de protection contre les brimades et des déficits en FE sont associés à un risque trois fois plus élevé de brimades.

Background: In this narrative review, we address the COVID-19 pandemic mis–dis information crisis in which healthcare systems have been pushed to their limits, with collapses occurring worldwide. The context of uncertainty has resulted in skepticism, confusion, and general malaise among the population. Informing the public has been one of the major challenges during this pandemic. Misinformation is defined as false information shared by people who have no intention of misleading others. Disinformation is defined as false information deliberately created and disseminated with malicious intentions. Objective: To reach a consensus and critical review about mis–dis information in COVID-19 crisis. Methods: A database search was conducted in PsychINFO, MedLine (Pubmed), Cochrane (Wiley), Embase and CinAhl. Databases used the MeSH-compliant keywords of COVID-19, 2019-nCoV, Coronavirus 2019, SARS-CoV-2, misinformation, disinformation, information, vaccines, vaccination, origin, target, spread, communication. Results: Both misinformation and disinformation can affect the population’s confidence in vaccines (development, safety, and efficacy of vaccines, as well as denial of the severity of SARS-CoV infection). Institutions should take into account that a great part of the success of the intervention to combat a pandemic has a relationship with the power to stop the misinformation and disinformation processes. The response should be well-structured and addressed from different key points: central level and community level, with official and centralized communication channels. The approach should be multifactorial and enhanced by the collaboration of social media companies to stop misleading information, and trustworthy people both working or not working in the health care systems to boost the power of the message. Conclusions: The response should be well-structured and addressed from different key points: central level and community level, with official and clearly centralized communication channels. The approach should be multifactorial and enhanced from the collaboration of social media companies to stop misleading information, and trustworthy people both working and not working in the health care systems to boost the power of a message based on scientific evidence. Sitio web de la revista (Consulta: 07-10-2022)

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the lives of the worldwide population. Citizens suffer the social, economic, physiological, and psychological effects of this pandemic. Primary sources, scientific articles, and secondary bibliographic indexes, databases, and web pages were used for a consensus critical review. The method was a narrative review of the available literature to summarize the existing literature addressing mental health concerns and stressors related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The main search engines used in the present research were PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar. We found the pandemic has had a direct impact on psychopathologies such as anxiety, increasing its ratios, and depression. Other syndromes such as burnout and posttraumatic stress disorder have increased with the pandemic, showing a larger incidence among medical personnel. Moreover, eating disorders and violence have also increased. Public authorities must prepare healthcare systems for increasing incidences of mental pathologies. Mental health apps are one of the tools that can be used to reach the general population. Sitio web de la revista (Consulta: 01-03-2021)

Objetivo. Describir la relación entre variables neuropsicológicas y niveles de cortisol sérico; como una medida de estrés fisiológico; en pacientes con fibromialgia. Metodología. Se seleccionó intencionalmente una muestra de 60 mujeres: 30 con diagnóstico de Fibromialgia y 30 controles normales. Se determinaron los niveles de cortisol mediante dos muestras de sangre (AM y PM) y se realizó una batería neuropsicológica y emocional, con un protocolo estandarizado en población colombiana para evaluar diferentes dominios cognitivos. Se hicieron análisis comparativo y correlacional no paramétrico, un análisis de regresión múltiple para determinar influencias entre las variables. Resultados. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos de estudio en las variables neuropsicológicas (atención, memoria, lenguaje, praxis viso-constructiva y funciones ejecutivas (FE), (p

IntroductionDiabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) is a chronic metabolic disease with important repercussions in the life of the patients who suffer it. Its metabolic control is essential to reduce morbidity and mortality rates, which depends on physiological, economic, social and psychological factors. The objective of this study was to determine the association between psychological factors and metabolic control of patients with DM2.Materials and methodsThe methodological approach was descriptive cross-sectional, with analysis of cases and controls, in a group of 60 participants with diagnosis of DM2, 30 with controlled diabetes (DC) and 30 with uncontrolled diabetes (DNC); defined by the serum levels of glycosylated hemoglobin.ResultsCorrelational analysis was performed using the Spearman test, to establish the relationship between glycosylated hemoglobin and psychological variables, showing significant correlations of

Introducción: La diabetes mellitus es la patología metabólica más prevalente a nivel mundial. La “adherencia al tratamiento” es determinante en el control metabólico de la misma y se describe como la acción de involucrarse activa y voluntariamente en el manejo de la enfermedad. Objetivos: Determinar la influencia de variables neuropsicológicas y psicológicas en la adherencia al tratamiento de pacientes con diabetes tipo 2. Métodos: Se evaluaron 60 sujetos: 30 con diabetes controlada (DC) y 30 con diabetes no controlada (DNC), remitidos por centros diabetologícos en la ciudad de Barranquilla, entre julio y noviembre de 2015, a los cuales se les realizó evaluación neuropsicológica, de percepción de salud (cuestionario de salud general de goldberg, GHQ-28) y de adherencia al tratamiento (escala de adherencia al tratamiento en diabetes mellitus tipo II: EATDM-III). El abordaje metodológico fue descriptivo transversal, con análisis de casos y controles, la selección de la muestra fue intencional no probabilística. Se utilizó la prueba de U de mann-whitney y el modelo de regresión lineal para realizar el análisis. Resultados: observamos compromiso significativo de la atención, memoria y funciones ejecutivas en los pacientes con DNC. Encontramos diferencia significativa entre ambos grupos en los puntajes de la escala (EATDM-III), en: ejercicio físico, higiene y autocuidado, dieta y valoración de la condición física. Se identificó que la variable ansiedad-insomnio tienen un riesgo de 0.771 (p=0.035), que puede influir en la adherencia al tratamiento. Conclusiones: Factores como: ejercicio físico, higiene y autocuidado, dieta y valoración de la condición física son fundamentales en el control metabólico estos pacientes. De igual manera, variables psicológicas (ansiedad-insomnio) son determinantes en la adherencia al tratamiento en este grupo de pacientes, los cuales; al ser potencialmente modificables deben ser considerados y controlados tempranamente en cualquier esquema terapéutico. Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is the most prevalent metabolic disease worldwide. “Adherence to treatment” is critical in the metabolic control of it and described as the action actively and voluntarily engages in the management of the disease. Objective: To determine the influence of neuropsychological and psychological variables in adherence to treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: 60 subjects were evaluated: 30 with controlled diabetes (DC) and 30 with uncontrolled diabetes (DNC), submitted by centers-diabetes in the city of Barranquilla, between July and November 2015, to which underwent neuropsychological assessment, perception of health (general health questionnaire Goldberg, GHQ-28) and adherence to treatment (scale adherence treatment of type II Diabetes Mellitus: EATDMIII). The methodological approach was transversal descriptive, casecontrol analysis, selection of the sample was not probabilistic intentional. U test of Mann-Whitney and linear regression model was used to perform the analysis. Results: We observed significant commitment of attention, memory and executive functions in patients with DNC. We found a significant difference between the two groups in scores on the scale (EATDMIII), in: exercise, hygiene and selfcare, diet and fitness assessment. It was identified that anxiety-insomnia variable has a risk of 0.771 (p=0.035), which may influence adherence to treatment. Conclusions: Factors such as physical exercise, hygiene and self-care, diet and fitness assessment are fundamental in metabolic control these patients. Similarly, psychological variables (anxiety-insomnia) are determining adherence to treatment in this group of patients, which; being potentially modifiable they must be considered and controlled early in any therapeutic regimen.

Background and Objectives. The psychological impact of hospitalization on patients admitted for a long period is variable and it´s shown as an answer to stress and on how ill the hospitalized patient is. The objective of this investigation was to determine the main psychological disturbances and to design a protocol to know how to handle long-stay patients at the hospital. Patients and Method. In this investigation were applied tools such as the Anxiety inventory, Characteristic-status depression inventory and Sandin&Chorot strategies of confrontation test. We conduct a descriptive type study, guided by the annalistic empiric paradigm, quantity cut, non-experimental design, with a population of 50 patients and a sample of 15, non-probabilistic sample, intentional type, inclusion and exclusion criteria from the investigation were taken into account. Results. Among the most relevant aspects found, were discovered prominent depressive status, anxiety, low opened emotional expression, high positive reevaluation, which is very relevant to handle all long-stay patients at the hospital. Conclusions. Long-stay hospitalization is normally connected to the individual´s detachment of its natural environment, which can generate on patient states of sadness, anxiety and to trigger negative effects such as low emotional expression. These characteristics can be useful as a guide for health professionals, and we so, we design a model of more effective protocol, which would help the patient to face, in a better way, all the difficulties presented in the hospital field. Antecedentes y Objetivo. El impacto psicológico de la hospitalización en los pacientes ingresados en larga estancia es variable y se muestra en respuesta al estrés y en el desempeño del rol de enfermo del paciente hospitalizado. El objetivo de esta investigación fue detectar las principales alteraciones psicológicas que sufren estos pacientes, y diseñar un protocolo para su manejo. Material y Método. Empleamos instrumentos como el Inventario de ansiedad, el Inventario de depresión rasgo-estado y el Cuestionario de estrategias de afrontamiento Sandin y Chorot. Realizamos un estudio descriptivo, guiado por el paradigma empírico analítico, corte cuantitativo, diseño no experimental, con una población total de 50 pacientes y una muestra de 15, muestreo no probabilístico, de tipo intencional, teniendo en cuenta los criterios de inclusión y exclusión propios de la investigación. Resultados. Entre los aspectos más relevantes encontrados marcados estados depresivos, ansiedad rasgo, baja expresión emocional abierta, y alta reevaluación positiva,que es de vital importancia, para el manejo de estos pacientes con larga estancia hospitalaria. Conclusiones. Según los datos de nuestro estudio, la larga estancia hospitalaria se relaciona generalmente con el desprendimiento del individuo de su medio natural, que puede generarle estados de tristeza, ansiedad y desencadenar efectos negativos como la baja expresión emocional. Estas características pueden servir de guía a los profesionales de la salud, por lo que presentamos un diseño de protocolo de manejo efectivo que ayude al paciente a afrontar mejor las dificultades que se le presentan en el ámbito hospitalario.