1. Patent Ductus Arteriosus
- Author
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De Andrade Ma, Carneiro Rd, and Benchimol Ab
- Subjects
congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities ,Cardiac problems ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Fetus ,business.industry ,health care facilities, manpower, and services ,medicine.medical_treatment ,education ,food and beverages ,Intensive care unit ,law.invention ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,law ,health services administration ,Internal medicine ,medicine.artery ,Ductus arteriosus ,Pulmonary artery ,medicine ,Cardiology ,Complex congenital heart disease ,Surgical treatment ,business ,Cardiac catheterization - Abstract
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a congenital heart defect that can exist as an isolated lesion or as a component part of many other congenital heart defects. A PDA is essential for fetal development, but it should close shortly after birth. Ductal patency persisting beyond 24 hours after birth is considered to be a PDA. In some cases of complex congenital heart disease a PDA is necessary for survival of the patient, and in other cases the PDA is a persistent anomaly that serves no particular value to the patient and, when large, can contribute to left heart failure or even elevation of pulmonary artery resistance from prolonged left-to right-shunt. The diagnosis is typically made by echocardiography, which can also be useful in evaluating the patient for other commonly associated cardiac and extracardiac defects. Treatment can be medical or interventional depending on the size and age of the patient as well as other factors. Interventions can be surgical or performed with devices in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. A PDA is usually an easily treated defect that can be “cured,” and a patient with a successful treatment for an isolated PDA should have no important lifelong limitations or disability related to the PDA. The evolution of surgical treatment for PDA has helped to stimulate the application of bedside surgery in the intensive care unit for selected cardiac problems.
- Published
- 2019
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