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1. Addressing intra-area oscillations and frequency stability after DC segmentation of a large AC power system

Author

Robin, Mathieu, Renedo, Javier, Gonzalez-Torres, Juan Carlos, Garcia-Cerrada, Aurelio, Rouco, Luis, Benchaib, Abdelkrim, and Garcia-Gonzalez, Pablo

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control
Abstract

In the last decades, various events have shown that electromechanical oscillations are a major concern for large interconnected Alternating Current (AC) power systems. Segmentation of AC power systems with High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) systems (DC segmentation, for short) is a method that consists in turning large AC grids into a set of asynchronous AC clusters linked by HVDC links. It is a promising solution to mitigate electromechanical oscillations and other issues. In particular, an appropriately placed DC segmentation can stop a selected inter-area electromechanical oscillation mode. However, without supplementary controllers, DC segmentation will not contribute to the damping of the intra-area oscillation modes in the remaining AC clusters and will deteriorate the frequency stability of the power system. This paper aims at filling this gap and proposes the use of DC segmentation with HVDC systems based on Voltage Source Converters (VSC-HVDC) with supplementary controllers in the converter stations: (a) active-power supplementary controllers for frequency support among the asynchronous AC clusters and (b) a reactive-power supplementary controllers for Power Oscillation Damping (POD-Q), in order to damp the intra-area oscillation modes. The proposed supplementary controllers and their design will be presented, and their efficiency will be demonstrated on the Nordic 44 test system with DC segmentation by means of non-linear time-domain simulation and small-signal stability analysis., Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2302.09931

Published
2024

2. An algorithm for DC segmentation of AC power systems to mitigate electromechanical oscillations

Author

Robin, Mathieu, Renedo, Javier, Gonzalez-Torres, Juan Carlos, Garcia-Cerrada, Aurelio, Benchaib, Abdelkrim, and Garcia-Gonzalez, Pablo

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control
Abstract

In the last decades, various events have shown that electromechanical oscillations are a major concern for large interconnected Alternative Current (AC) power systems. DC segmentation - a method that consist in turning large AC grids into a set of asynchronous AC clusters linked by Direct Current (DC) links - is a promising solution to mitigate this and other issues. However, no systematic segmentation procedure for a given AC power system exists so far. This paper aims at filling this gap and proposes an algorithm for DC segmentation for a given AC power system to mitigate electromechanical oscillations. In this proposal, DC segmentation is implemented with High Voltage Direct Current links based on Voltage Source Converters (VSC-HVDC). The algorithm uses small-signal stability techniques and the concept of dominant inter-area oscillation paths to stop the main inter-area mode of the power system. The algorithm will be explained using a six-generator test system and it will then be used on the Nordic 44 test system. The proposed algorithm for DC segmentation has been validated by means of non-linear time-domain simulation and small-signal stability analysis (SSSA).

Published
2023

4. DC Voltage Stability Analysis and Enhancement for Grid-Forming-Based MTDC Systems

Author

Pang, Ying, Egea-Alvarez, Agusti, Gonzalez-Torres, Juan Carlos, Shinoda, Kosei, Perez, Filipe, and Benchaib, Abdelkrim

Abstract

This letter first identifies a new mode of low-frequency harmonic instability when combining grid-forming control with the typical dc voltage droop control necessitated in multiterminal high voltage direct-current transmissions. This mode does not exist when grid-following control is applied and its mechanism is explicitly revealed by the dc-side input admittance modeling of the converter. Then, a phase compensator plus a virtual power system stabilizer are introduced to pacify the input admittance within the critical frequency range and derisk the related instability. Last, it is also demonstrated that the proposed control strategy achieves excellent performance in contingent active power imbalance ride-through in the dc system. All the analyses are verified by electro-magnetic-transient simulations with a modular multilevel converter model comprising 278 submodules per arm.

Published
2024
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5. Design of a Single Branch of Energy Storage Submodules Connected to HVDC Systems to Support AC Grids.

Author

Errigo, Florian, Sau-Bassols, Joan, Bekkouri, Hind, Morel, Florent, Gonzalez-Torres, Juan-Carlos, Benchaib, Abdelkrim, Rault, Pierre, and Bourgeat, Xavier

Subjects
DC-to-DC converters, ENERGY storage, WIND power, CARBON dioxide mitigation, SUPERCAPACITORS
Abstract

The number of HVDC installations is increasing and the decarbonization of power systems makes it necessary to install storage systems. It might become relevant to assess the synergies between both trends by connecting storage systems on the DC side of HVDC systems. The contribution of this paper is to show the feasibility and the design of such a system to provide three different ancillary services: power oscillation damping (POD), fast frequency response (FFR), or wind power oscillation smoothing. The DC storage system consists of a series connection of sub-modules with energy storage devices connected to each sub-module through a DC-DC converter. For the proposed design methodology, a first simple average model of the DC storage converter is developed to run preliminary EMT simulations to obtain power profiles for the energy storage elements according to the system needs. These profiles are used as inputs for designing the storage system. The design methodology is validated by performing new EMT simulations with a more detailed model which includes a model of the storage elements. Results show that the designed system can provide the expected services and sizing results confirm the technical feasibility of the solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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6. Modeling and Control of High-Voltage Direct-Current Transmission Systems: From Theory to Practice and Back

Author

Zonetti, Daniele, Ortega, Romeo, and Benchaib, Abdelkrim

Subjects
Computer Science - Systems and Control
Abstract

The problem of modeling and control of multi-terminal high-voltage direct-current transmission systems is addressed in this paper, which contains five main contributions. First, to propose a unified, physically motivated, modeling framework - based on port-Hamiltonian representations - of the various network topologies used in this application. Second, to prove that the system can be globally asymptotically stabilized with a decentralized PI control, that exploits its passivity properties. Close connections between the proposed PI and the popular Akagi's PQ instantaneous power method are also established. Third, to reveal the transient performance limitations of the proposed controller that, interestingly, is shown to be intrinsic to PI passivity-based control. Fourth, motivated by the latter, an outer-loop that overcomes the aforementioned limitations is proposed. The performance limitation of the PI, and its drastic improvement using outer-loop controls, are verified via simulations on a three-terminals benchmark example. A final contribution is a novel formulation of the power flow equations for the centralized references calculation.

Published
2014
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19. A Vision of HVDC Key Role Toward Fault-Tolerant and Stable AC/DC Grids

Author

Jc. Gonzalez-Torres, Benchaib Abdelkrim, A. Bertinato, B. Luscan, S. Poullain, M. Romero-Rodrmguez, Seddik Bacha, L. Chedot, and Kosei Shinoda

Subjects
HVDC converter, business.industry, Computer science, Electrical engineering, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Fault tolerance, Transmission system, Grid, Power (physics), Electric power system, Transmission (telecommunications), Asynchronous communication, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business
Abstract

Massive off-shore wind integration in the European power system, the necessity to increase the power flows between asynchronous areas and inside continental Europe, call for HVDC transmission development, and multi-terminal-HVDC-based transmission. HVDC technology is highly controllable, but also sensitive to faults and degraded modes. Achieving an efficient and robust AC/DC transmission system requires to develop a vision of HVDC role and functionalities in different situations. In addition to HVDC converter core control functions and DC grid protection strategies, a coordinated DC grid control layer is beneficial to supervise control modes towards overall AC/DC transmission system security and stability, as well as to ensure converter controls interoperability. This paper offers a vision of what a robust AC / DC network can be, based on control and protection strategies that can be implemented via HVDC converter capabilities.

Published
2021
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32. Procédé de supervision d'une installation HVDC

Author

Piétrac, Laurent, Delpoux, Romain, Niel, Eric, Romero-Rodriguez, Miguel, Dai, Jing, Benchaib, Abdelkrim, Ampère, Département Méthodes pour l'Ingénierie des Systèmes (MIS), Ampère (AMPERE), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut Pascal (IP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national polytechnique Clermont Auvergne (INP Clermont Auvergne), and Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)

Subjects
[SPI.AUTO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic
Abstract

Method for supervising an HVDC installation Method for supervising an HVDC installation (10) comprising a plurality of systems (12,14,16) on each of which a plurality of characteristic quantities can be measured, the method comprising the steps according to which measuring the value of each characteristic quantity of the plurality of characteristic quantities of each system, determining, for each characteristic quantity, an operating region from the measured value of said characteristic quantity, the operating region being chosen from a group operating regions, and an operating state of the installation is determined from the previously determined operating regions. Figure for the abstract: Fig. 1.

Published
2021

33. Modular Multilevel Converter with Embedded Energy Storage for Power Oscillation Damping and Fast Frequency Response - A case study

Author

Errigo, Florian, Gonzalez-Torres, Juan Carlos, Benchaib, Abdelkrim, Chédot, Laurent, Sari, Ali, Venet, Pascal, Morel, Florent, and Morel, Florent

Subjects
supercapacitors, power oscillation damping, modular systems, energy storage, [SPI.ELEC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, power converters, fast frequency response, ancillary services, [SPI.TRON] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, High-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission, modular multilevel converters (MMCs), hybrid AC/DC transmission grids, AC stability, [SPI.NRJ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power
Abstract

The massive introduction of remote power electronics interfaced renewable generation units and high-voltage direct current (HVDC) interconnectors into the existing power system, with the aim of decommissioning a part of conventional centralized generation, has introduced new challenges to grid operators to maintain system stability. Since conventional balancing services rely on the availability of traditional synchronous generators and the kinetic energy stored in their rotating masses, new methods for providing ancillary services must be introduced. In this context, voltage source converters (VSCs), and particularly the modular multilevel converters (MMCs), have received a significant interest. An MMC stores energy in its distributed sub-modules and this energy can be controlled. This is a new degree of freedom that can be utilized to supply ancillary services. However, one of the major drawbacks is the limited amount of energy available, which is considerably smaller than a typical AC power plant. Nevertheless, the energy stored inside the MMC can be increased with the help of energy storage systems (ESSs). This paper examines the benefits on the transmission system of including additional energy storage in an HVDC link for ancillary services (fast frequency response (FFR) and power oscillation damping (POD)), and how this can be implemented using an MMC with large buffer storage. Firstly, the study investigates the energy requirements to provide these network services, using adequate control laws, through EMTP-RV simulations. Then, the energy storage function of the converter is designed and simulations are carried out to highlight that an MMC with an embedded energy storage can provide these services. The obtained results confirm that the combination of an MMC with an energy storage system and dedicated control laws can greatly increase the stability of hybrid AC/DC power systems. However, it highlights that an FFR function inside an MMC requires a higher quantity of stored energy to provide system benefits, in comparison to a POD action. This would impact more deeply the construction and the operating limits of the converter.

Published
2021

43. Virtual capacitor control for stability improvement of HVDC system comprising DC reactors

Author

Kosei Shinoda, Xavier Guillaud, Benchaib Abdelkrim, and J. Dai

Subjects
business.industry, Computer science, Electrical engineering, Modular design, Converters, law.invention, Capacitor, law, visual_art, Limit (music), Electronic component, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Transient (oscillation), business, Energy (signal processing), Circuit breaker
Abstract

Presently, HVDC circuit breakers (DCCBs) rely on relatively large DC reactors to limit the rate of rise of fault current. However, such additional passive components can significantly deteriorate the stability of the HVDC grids. This paper first analyzes the underlying instability issue attributed to the DC reactor by using a simplified converter station model, which reveals that the DC-link capacitor can compensate for the detrimental effect of the DC reactor and increase the stability margin. This capacitor, however, is usually avoided and distributed over the capacitors in sub-modules in the state-of-the-art Modular Multilevel Converters (MMCs). Thus, the authors make use of the previously proposed Virtual Capacitor Control, which enables the MMCs to emulate the dynamics of the capacitor by using the energy stored in the distributed capacitors. A small-signal stability analysis of an MMC station model, including control loops, a DC reactor, and frequency-dependent HVDC cables, corroborates the unstable behavior of the system in the presence of a large DC reactor and demonstrates a drastic improvement of the stability by the virtual capacitor control. The validity of the proposed control is confirmed by electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulations of a detailed MMC model with 400 SMs per arm.

Published
2019
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44. Analysis of the Lower Limit of Allowable Energy in Modular Multilevel Converters

Author

Shinoda, Kosei, Benchaib, Abdelkrim, Dai, Jing, Guillaud, Xavier, SuperGrid Institute SAS, ALSTOM GRID, ALSTOM, Laboratoire Génie électrique et électronique de Paris (GeePs), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), and Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)

Subjects
[SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018

45. Virtual capacitor for DC grid stability enhancement

Author

shinoda, kosei, Benchaib, Abdelkrim, Dai, Jing, Guillaud, Xavier, SuperGrid Institute SAS, ALSTOM GRID, ALSTOM, Laboratoire Génie électrique et électronique de Paris (GeePs), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centrale Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, and HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)

Subjects
[SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018

46. MODULE FOR CONTROLLING THE INTERNAL ENERGY OF A CONVERTER

Author

Kosei Shinoda, Benchaib, Abdelkrim, Guillaud, Xavier, Dai, Jing, SuperGrid Institute SAS, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Laboratoire Génie électrique et électronique de Paris (GeePs), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), and Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)

Subjects
[SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, H02M7/483
Abstract

The invention relates to a multilevel modular converter (10) including a control module (12) for regulating the internal energy stored in the capacitors of the submodules of a half arm of the converter, the control module being capable of keeping the internal energy below an upper limit and/or above a lower limit, by using parameters measured on the DC electrical power supply network (110) and on the AC electrical power supply network (120) as well as operating power setpoints of the converter.

Published
2018

48. Capacité Virtuelle

Author

Kosei Shinoda, Benchaib, Abdelkrim, Guillaud, Xavier, Dai, Jing, SuperGrid Institute SAS, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Laboratoire Génie électrique et électronique de Paris (GeePs), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centrale Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, and HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)

Subjects
Hardware_GENERAL, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, H02M7/483
Abstract

The invention relates to a modular multi-level converter (2) provided with a control module (4) and a calculator (10) for calculating a set value for the internal energy of the converter, stored in the capacitances of the sub-modules of the half-arms. The control module is designed to deduce, from said set value for the internal energy of the converter, a set value for the voltage at the terminals of each modelled capacitor used to regulate the voltage at the points of connection of the converter to the continuous power supply network and the voltage at the terminals of each modelled capacitor.

Published
2017

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