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Objective: Infertility, now a public health problem, can be caused by several factors. One of the most urgent challenges for modern medicine is to identify these causes in details and to develop effective treatment methods. Among other things, structural abnormalities of the uterus, such as uterine septum or a dysmorphic uterus, may play a role in the background of infertility. Thanks to modern imaging and non-invasive/minimally invasive diagnostic techniques (e.g. MRI, 3D ultrasound, hysteroscopy, etc.), these anatomical abnormalities are becoming easier and more accurate to detect. Material and methods: In our study, we retrospectively analysed data from 1106 patients presenting to a gynecology clinic. All patients were examined by both 3-dimensional ultrasound and ambulatory hysteroscopy too. Results: Among them, 50.4% (557 cases) were diagnosed with primary or secondary infertility. Uterine septum in 75 cases and dysmorphic uterus in 52 cases were diagnosed. We measured the rate of infertility among patients diagnosed with these abnormalities, which was 49.3% (37/75) and 69.2% (36/52), respectively. The rate of secondary sterility was significantly higher among women with dysmorphic uterus. The prevalence of these two congenital abnormalities in our patient population corresponded to the prevalence in the general population, as described in the literature. The aim of our study was to investigate the potential association between infertility and anatomical abnormalities of the uterus. Conclusions: We suspect a correlation between the abnormalities described and the patients’ infertility complaints. However, our study population is small and not fully representative, since the subjects of the study were patients who had been to a gynaecological infertility clinic, so that a certain predisposition to any kind of disease, abnormality or gynaecological/obstetric complaint, such as infertility, can be assumed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]