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4. Microwave-Enabled Wearables: Underpinning Technologies, Integration Platforms, and Next-Generation Roadmap

Author

Wagih, Mahmoud, primary, Balocchi, Leonardo, additional, Benassi, Francesca, additional, Carvalho, Nuno B., additional, Chiao, Jung-Chih, additional, Correia, Ricardo, additional, Costanzo, Alessandra, additional, Cui, Yepu, additional, Georgiadou, Dimitra, additional, Gouveia, Carolina, additional, Grosinger, Jasmin, additional, Ho, John S., additional, Hu, Kexin, additional, Komolafe, Abiodun, additional, Lemey, Sam, additional, Loss, Caroline, additional, Marrocco, Gaetano, additional, Mitcheson, Paul, additional, Palazzi, Valentina, additional, Panunzio, Nicoletta, additional, Paolini, Giacomo, additional, Pinho, Pedro, additional, Preishuber-Pflugl, Josef, additional, Qaragoez, Yasser, additional, Rahmani, Hamed, additional, Rogier, Hendrik, additional, Lopera, Jose Romero, additional, Roselli, Luca, additional, Schreurs, Dominique, additional, Tentzeris, Manos, additional, Tian, Xi, additional, Torah, Russel, additional, Torres, Ricardo, additional, Van Torre, Patrick, additional, Vital, Dieff, additional, and Beeby, Steve, additional

Published
2023
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5. Microwave-enabled wearables: underpinning technologies, integration platforms, and next-generation roadmap

Author

Wagih, Mahmoud, Balocchi, Leonardo, Benassi, Francesca, Carvalho, Nuno B., Chiao, J.-C., Correia, Ricardo, Costanzo, Alessandra, Cui, Yepu, Georgiadou, Dimitra, Gouveia, Carolina, Grosinger, Jasmin, Ho, John S., Hu, Kexin, Komolafe, Abiodun, Lemey, Sam, Loss, Caroline, Marrocco, Gaetano, Mitcheson, Paul, Palazzi, Valentina, Panunzio, Nicoletta, Paolini, Giacomo, Pinho, Pedro, Preishuber-Pflugl, Josef, Qaragoez, Yasser, Rahmani, Hamed, Rogier, Hendrik, Romero Lopera, Jose, Roselli, Luca, Schreurs, Dominique, Tentzeris, Manos, Tian, Xi, Torah, Russel, Torres, Ricardo, Van Torre, Patrick, Vital, Dieff, and Beeby, Steve

Abstract

This paper presents a holistic and authoritative review of the role of microwave technologies in enabling a new generation of wearable devices. A human-centric Internet of Things (IoT) covering remote healthcare, distributed sensing, and consumer electronics, calls for high-performance wearable devices integrated into clothing, which require interdisciplinary research efforts to emerge. Microwaves, the “interconnect” of wireless networks, can enable, rather than solely connect, the next generation of autonomous, sustainable, and wearable-friendly electronics. First, enabling technologies including wireless power transmission and RF energy harvesting, backscattering and passive communication, RFID, and electromagnetic sensing are reviewed. We then discuss the key integration platforms, covering smart fabrics and electronic textiles, additive manufacturing, printed electronics, natively-flexible and organic RF semiconductors, and fully-integrated CMOS systems, where opportunities for hybrid integration are highlighted. The emerging research trends, from mmWave 6G, RF sensing and imaging, to healthcare applications including neural implants, drug delivery, and safety upon exposure to microwaves are revisited and discussed, presenting a future roadmap for interdisciplinary research towards sustainable and reliable next-generation wearables.

Published
2022

6. Reduction in Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Author

Emberti Gialloreti, Leonardo, Pardini, Matteo, and Benassi, Francesca

Abstract

Recent years have seen an increase in the use of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) evaluation as an easy-to-use, reproducible, proxy-measure of brain structural abnormalities. Here, we evaluated RNFL thickness in a group of subjects with high functioning autism (HFA) or with Asperger Syndrome (AS) to its potential as a tool to study autism pathophysiology. All subjects underwent high-resolution spectral domain optical coherence tomography to evaluate RNFL thickness. HFA subjects presented with reduced global RNFL thickness compared both to AS subjects and controls. AS subjects showed a reduced nasal quadrant RNFL thickness compared to controls. Verbal-IQ/performance-IQ discrepancy correlated with RNFL thickness. Our data suggest that RNFL evaluation could help in the development of biological markers of autism pathophysiology.

Published
2014
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11. RF energy harvesting solutions for electromagnetic harsh environments: from industrial plants to wearable/implantable devices

Author

Benassi, Francesca and Masotti, Diego

Subjects
ING-INF/02 Campi elettromagnetici
Abstract

The presented Thesis describes the design of RF-energy harvesting systems with applications on different environments, from the biomedical side to the industrial one, tackling the common thread problem which is the design of complete energy autonomous tags each of them with its dedicated purpose. This Thesis gathers a work of three years in the field of energy harvesting system design, a combination of full-wave electromagnetic designs to optimize not only the antenna performance but also to fulfill the requirements given by each case study such as dimensions, insensitivity from the surrounding environment, flexibility and compliance with regulations. The research activity has been based on the development of highly-demanded ideas and real-case necessities which are in line with the environment in which modern IoT applications can really make a positive contribution. The Thesis is organized as follows: the first application, described in Chapter 2, regards the design and experimental validations of a rotation-insensitive WPT system for implantable devices. Chapter 3 presents the design of a wearable energy autonomous detector to identify the presence of ethanol on the body surface. Chapter 4 describes investigations in the use of Bessel Beam launchers for creating a highly-focused energy harvesting link for wearable applications. Reduced dimensions, high focusing and decoupling from the human body are the key points to be addressed during the full-wave design and nonlinear optimization of the receiver antenna. Finally, Chapter 5 presents an energy autonomous system exploiting LoRa (Long Range) nodes for tracking trailers in industrial plants. The novelty behind this design lies on the aim of obtaining a perfectly scalable system that exploits not only EH basic operating system but embeds a seamless solution for collecting a certain amount of power that varies with respect the received power level on the antenna, without the need of additional off-the-shelf components.

Published
2022

14. RF energy harvesting solutions for electromagnetic harsh environments: from industrial plants to wearable/implantable devices

Author

Masotti, Diego, Benassi, Francesca <1992>, Masotti, Diego, and Benassi, Francesca <1992>

Abstract

The presented Thesis describes the design of RF-energy harvesting systems with applications on different environments, from the biomedical side to the industrial one, tackling the common thread problem which is the design of complete energy autonomous tags each of them with its dedicated purpose. This Thesis gathers a work of three years in the field of energy harvesting system design, a combination of full-wave electromagnetic designs to optimize not only the antenna performance but also to fulfill the requirements given by each case study such as dimensions, insensitivity from the surrounding environment, flexibility and compliance with regulations. The research activity has been based on the development of highly-demanded ideas and real-case necessities which are in line with the environment in which modern IoT applications can really make a positive contribution. The Thesis is organized as follows: the first application, described in Chapter 2, regards the design and experimental validations of a rotation-insensitive WPT system for implantable devices. Chapter 3 presents the design of a wearable energy autonomous detector to identify the presence of ethanol on the body surface. Chapter 4 describes investigations in the use of Bessel Beam launchers for creating a highly-focused energy harvesting link for wearable applications. Reduced dimensions, high focusing and decoupling from the human body are the key points to be addressed during the full-wave design and nonlinear optimization of the receiver antenna. Finally, Chapter 5 presents an energy autonomous system exploiting LoRa (Long Range) nodes for tracking trailers in industrial plants. The novelty behind this design lies on the aim of obtaining a perfectly scalable system that exploits not only EH basic operating system but embeds a seamless solution for collecting a certain amount of power that varies with respect the received power level on the antenna, without the need of additional off-the-shelf component

Published
2022

15. Microwave Devices for Wearable Sensors and IoT.

Author

Costanzo, Alessandra, Augello, Elisa, Battistini, Giulia, Benassi, Francesca, Masotti, Diego, and Paolini, Giacomo

Subjects
WEARABLE technology, INTERNET of things, MICROWAVE devices, THREE-dimensional printing, WIRELESS power transmission, ENERGY transfer, DATA transmission systems
Abstract

The Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm is currently highly demanded in multiple scenarios and in particular plays an important role in solving medical-related challenges. RF and microwave technologies, coupled with wireless energy transfer, are interesting candidates because of their inherent contactless spectrometric capabilities and for the wireless transmission of sensing data. This article reviews some recent achievements in the field of wearable sensors, highlighting the benefits that these solutions introduce in operative contexts, such as indoor localization and microwave sensing. Wireless power transfer is an essential requirement to be fulfilled to allow these sensors to be not only wearable but also compact and lightweight while avoiding bulky batteries. Flexible materials and 3D printing polymers, as well as daily garments, are widely exploited within the presented solutions, allowing comfort and wearability without renouncing the robustness and reliability of the built-in wearable sensor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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19. Reduction in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in young adults with autism spectrum disorders

Author

Gialloreti, Leonardo Emberti, Pardini, Matteo, Benassi, Francesca, Marciano, Sara, Amore, Mario, Mutolo, Maria Giulia, Porfirio, Maria Cristina, and Curatolo, Paolo

Subjects
Young adults -- Research -- Health aspects, Pervasive developmental disorders -- Research -- Development and progression -- Patient outcomes -- Risk factors, Retinal (Retinaldehyde) -- Research -- Physiological aspects, Health
Abstract

Recent years have seen an increase in the use of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) evaluation as an easy-touse, reproducible, proxy-measure of brain structural abnormalities. Here, we evaluated RNFL thickness in a group of subjects with high functioning autism (HFA) or with Asperger Syndrome (AS) to its potential as a tool to study autism pathophysiology. All subjects underwent high-resolution spectral domain optical coherence tomography to evaluate RNFL thickness. HFA subjects presented with reduced global RNFL thickness compared both to AS subjects and controls. AS subjects showed a reduced nasal quadrant RNFL thickness compared to controls. Verbal-IQ/ performance-IQ discrepancy correlated with RNFL thickness. Our data suggest that RNFL evaluation could help in the development of biological markers of autism pathophysiology. Keywords Autism spectrum disorders * Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness * Optical coherence tomography (OCT) * White matter, Introduction Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by communication deficits, social interaction impairments, stereotyped behaviors, and narrowed interests (American Psychiatric Association 2000). Throughout the last decade, the search of the [...]

Published
2014
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22. Wireless Power Transfer for Wearable and Implantable Devices: a Review Focusing on the WPT4WID Research Project of National Relevance

Author

Costanzo, Alessandra, primary, Apollonio, Francesca, additional, Baccarelli, Paolo, additional, Barbiroli, Marina, additional, Benassi, Francesca, additional, Bozzi, Maurizio, additional, Burghignoli, Paolo, additional, Campi, Tommaso, additional, Cruciani, Silvano, additional, di Meo, Simona, additional, Feliziani, Mauro, additional, Fuscaldo, Walter, additional, Galli, Alessandro, additional, Liberti, Micaela, additional, Maradei, Francesca, additional, Marracino, Paolo, additional, Masotti, Diego, additional, Paolini, Giacomo, additional, Pasian, Marco, additional, Perregrini, Luca, additional, Schettini, Giuseppe, additional, and Silvestri, Lorenzo, additional

Published
2021
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32. HABITAT: An IoT Solution for Independent Elderly

Author

Borelli, Elena, primary, Paolini, Giacomo, additional, Antoniazzi, Francesco, additional, Barbiroli, Marina, additional, Benassi, Francesca, additional, Chesani, Federico, additional, Chiari, Lorenzo, additional, Fantini, Massimiliano, additional, Fuschini, Franco, additional, Galassi, Andrea, additional, Giacobone, Gian Andrea, additional, Imbesi, Silvia, additional, Licciardello, Melissa, additional, Loreti, Daniela, additional, Marchi, Michele, additional, Masotti, Diego, additional, Mello, Paola, additional, Mellone, Sabato, additional, Mincolelli, Giuseppe, additional, Raffaelli, Carla, additional, Roffia, Luca, additional, Salmon Cinotti, Tullio, additional, Tacconi, Carlo, additional, Tamburini, Paola, additional, Zoli, Marco, additional, and Costanzo, Alessandra, additional

Published
2019
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39. Agomelatine Improves Apathy in Frontotemporal Dementia

Author

Callegari, Ilaria, primary, Mattei, Chiara, additional, Benassi, Francesca, additional, Krueger, Frank, additional, Grafman, Jordan, additional, Yaldizli, Özgür, additional, Sassos, Davide, additional, Massucco, Davide, additional, Scialò, Carlo, additional, Nobili, Flavio, additional, Serrati, Carlo, additional, Amore, Mario, additional, Cocito, Leonardo, additional, Emberti Gialloreti, Leonardo, additional, and Pardini, Matteo, additional

Published
2016
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44. Effectiveness of community-based treatment on clinical outcome in children with autism spectrum disorders: An Italian prospective study.

Author

Benvenuto, Arianna, Battan, Barbara, Benassi, Francesca, Gialloreti, Leonardo Emberti, and Curatolo, Paolo

Subjects
TREATMENT of autism, COMMUNITY health services, INTELLECT, LONGITUDINAL method, DISABILITIES, SOCIOECONOMIC factors, TREATMENT effectiveness, ACQUISITION of data, CROSS-sectional method, EARLY medical intervention, CHILDREN
Abstract

Objective: Little is known about outcomes of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) interventions in real-life settings. The main aim of this naturalistic study was to collect real-life data on the actual ASDs treatment practices in Italy. Methods: A cohort of 48 children undergoing community-based interventions was observed in terms of personal and environmental characteristics, treatment typology and outcomes. Results: An earlier start of treatment was associated with an improvement of autistic symptoms, independently from symptoms severity (p < 0.05), but not with improvements in terms of intelligence quotient (p = 0.8). Children belonging to lower socioeconomic status families began treatment later (48.0 months) than those belonging to middle (39.8 months) or upper (39.2 months) classes (p < 0.05), and received less hours of treatment. Conclusion: The study showed that ASDs interventions should be observed not only in experimental settings, but also in naturalistic environments, so to appraise the actual effectiveness of integrating different treatment methods in community settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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48. Progetto di un link per trasmissione di potenza wireless a 6.78 MHz per applicazioni impiantabili

Author

Benassi, Francesca, thesis supervisor: Costanzo, Alessandra, Benassi, Francesca, and thesis supervisor: Costanzo, Alessandra

Abstract

Il lavoro di tesi presentato ha previsto la progettazione di un sistema di Wireless Power Transfer, sfruttando l’accoppiamento induttivo tra coil risonanti, posti a una distanza operativa di cinque cm. Attraverso diversi software si è potuti partire da una simulazione iniziale, di natura prevalentemente elettromagnetica per poi correlare, attraverso formule specifiche, i dati misurati con un’implementazione circuitale vera e propria. La chiave del lavoro è stata la progettazione di un sistema di coil riceventi che potessero essere di dimensioni compatibili con un impianto e che garantissero un trasferimento di potenza sufficiente all’alimentazione di un dispositivo, senza conoscere a priori la sua posizione rispetto al trasmettitore. Garantire che il sistema in fase di ricezione sia il più possibile insensibile alle rotazioni è la prima specifica da considerare per guidare le scelte implementative da un punto di vista geometrico. I risultati ottenuti hanno portato un’efficienza soddisfacente, con valori che oscillano attorno al 19%.

49. Progetto di un link per trasmissione di potenza wireless a 6.78 MHz per applicazioni impiantabili

Author

Benassi, Francesca, thesis supervisor: Costanzo, Alessandra, Benassi, Francesca, and thesis supervisor: Costanzo, Alessandra

Abstract

Il lavoro di tesi presentato ha previsto la progettazione di un sistema di Wireless Power Transfer, sfruttando l’accoppiamento induttivo tra coil risonanti, posti a una distanza operativa di cinque cm. Attraverso diversi software si è potuti partire da una simulazione iniziale, di natura prevalentemente elettromagnetica per poi correlare, attraverso formule specifiche, i dati misurati con un’implementazione circuitale vera e propria. La chiave del lavoro è stata la progettazione di un sistema di coil riceventi che potessero essere di dimensioni compatibili con un impianto e che garantissero un trasferimento di potenza sufficiente all’alimentazione di un dispositivo, senza conoscere a priori la sua posizione rispetto al trasmettitore. Garantire che il sistema in fase di ricezione sia il più possibile insensibile alle rotazioni è la prima specifica da considerare per guidare le scelte implementative da un punto di vista geometrico. I risultati ottenuti hanno portato un’efficienza soddisfacente, con valori che oscillano attorno al 19%.

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