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Commutation failures is the commonest perturbation can appear in the inverter valves during or after the faults. Therefore, understanding the system fault is very important for regulation and protection design. Simulation by means of digital real time simulator can provide quickly the simulation results, and also represents the most effective methods to find the system fault behavior. This paper proposes a simplified method to detect and avoid the commutations failures in an HVDC inverter. Besides, the inverter is connected to the AC system which is considered as a weak AC grid having a low short circuit ratio. The results are provided by means of the digital real time simulator using the RT-lab platform and achieved by the simulation in the loop approach. Although the real time simulation allows for testing the behavior of these kinds of systems under adverse conditions that rarely occur in the field but are important to evaluate. 12 pulses line-commutated converter HVDC system is used in this study (both stations the rectifier and the inverter are based on thyristor valves). The function of the protection function is validated against the real time simulation of the HVDC inverter following different kind of faults, both kind of fault are the single phase to ground AC fault and a short circuit at the inverter valve. The obtained results show clearly the effectiveness of the proposed method to avoid the commutation failure by ensuring and maintaining a safe commutation process on the inverter station in the worst case.

This paper seeks to develop a Smart Home prototype that improves electricity production without interruption to provide comfortable services for users. So, a realistic autonomous hybrid system including PV source with a fuel cell backup system is studied. The system comprises also energy storage devices for safe energy delivery and recovery. To perform the correct system operations and to meet load requirements, an efficient Real Time Embedded System, Energy Management (RT-ES-EM) is developed and discussed through various tasks of constraints using a new Multi-Agent-System (MAS). The proposed energy management system aims to define the functions of the agent and to perceive the source situations through the energy demand and the characteristics of the production costs. The results show that the proposed system meets the objectives set for the RT-ES-EM by referring to an experimental database extracted from the Tunisian Meteorological Services using the Matlab/Simulink environment.

A Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) powered Hybrid Electric System (HES) is one of an appreciating research issue for the future due to its high efficiency and capability to use hydrogen as a fuel. The PEMFC cannot sufficiently meet sustained load demands in some cases. For that, to compensate this problem incorporating the slow transient response of the PEMFC, Ultra-capacitors (UCaps) are potential candidates for a solution in this aspect. An adequate Energy management System (EMS) is one essential objective of the researches in this area. Hence, this paper proposed an efficient dynamic model using an energy storage system with the sufficient power capacity to keep the smooth operation of the system. To satisfy the load requirements and optimize the active power flow between hybrid power sources for different modes, the EMS was proposed. This latter was appreciated for its capacity to serve the required power through effective utilization of the PEMFC and UCap. To maximize the system efficiency, the functioning of the system is depending on the decision making and the control of all the system component states. The HES and the control approach are made using Matlab/Simulink environment, from which, the obtained results indicate the reliability and the effectiveness desirability of the HES and its proposed energy management strategy.

This article presents the study of the impact of the shunt FACTS (alternative AC transmission systems) devices on the AC power grids behavior, In order to show the importance of the control of nodal voltages and the compensation of the reactive power. Two types of shunt FACTS devices are studied in this paper, the first one is the SVC (Static Var Compensators) which is based on thyristor valves, and the second one is the STATCOM (Static Synchronous Compensator) which is based on IGBT/GTO valves. In order to study the reaction of the FACTS devices toward the voltage profile and the reactive power, we perform three cases of test (with and without FACTS devices in the Load flow calculation). Where we correct the voltage violation by ratios of the transformers or by varying the reactive power generated by the capacitor banks, and secondly by including the FACTS devices in a specified location in order to show and compare the influences of these devices against the static equipment (synchronous compensator, capacitor banks). The first test was on the IEEE-05 bus and the second test was on the IEEE-57 bus, using the Newton-Raphson method, the models were implemented in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The results carried out show the robustness of the method with fast number of iterations, and this analysis investigates the shunt FACTS devices influence on the AC system behavior.

The optimization of energy consumption in transport applications, especially dual-energy vehicles (hybrid electric System), was selected as an interesting problem for future transportation applications due to its high efficiency, reduced emissions and the required consumption optimization. To solve this embedding problem, a Hybrid Electrical System (HES) powered by a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) was proposed. The hybrid electric system has some main drawbacks derived from the PEMFC due to its inability to meet the energy demand. Battery (BT) and Ultracapacitor (UC) devices are added in this aspect, wherein each power source comprises a DC/DC converter. These devices are used as a potential energy storage that deals to minimize the transitional response associated with the PEMFC. So, the HES is evaluated and demonstrated through an accurate Multi-Input Single-Output (MISO) state space model. To optimize the energy demand, Road-Speed-profiles was chosen. The selecting profiles are systematically compared in terms of hydrogen fuel consumption and tank state of charge prediction. To maintain the required energy through an effective cooperation between the PEMFC, BT and UC, a predictive real-time Energy Management Unit (EMU) is developed. The obtained results reflect the system performance and the proposed EMU effectiveness using Matlab/Simulink environment.

In this paper, we present an autonomous Hybrid Power system (HPS) whose main goal is to ensure the electricity production without interruption in any remote areas. To achieve this goal, the system is composed of two energy sources one, as a renewable energy, serves to primary load feeding while the other, based on hydrogen conversion, works as a backup system. Thus, the system includes two kinds of energy storage devices one is used to chemical form energy storage (H 2 gas) while the second, based on ultracapacitor storage, is dedicated to electricity power saving. The functioning of system depends on a smart energy management that is based on the decision making and the control of all the system components states to achieve a high efficiency and better performance. Hence, the reliability and the effectiveness of the proposed system are tested by Matlab/Simulink environment, from which, the obtained results have been presented and discussed in details.

PEMFC powered Hybrid vehicle system is one of an interesting issue for the industry due to its high performances. The PEMFC cannot certainly ensure a sustained required energy in some scenarios. To solve this problem related to PEMFC transient response, a Hybrid Electrical Storage System (HES) is a potential candidate for a solution. The proposed Hybrid Storage system is comprised of the battery (BT) and a Super-Capacitor (SC) components. These components are included to control the hydrogen variations and the fast peak powers scenarios respectively. The SC is used to control PEMFC and the BT slow dynamics at the same times. An accurate Multi-Ways Energy Management System (MW-EMS) is proposed which aims to cooperate with the system components through SC/BT state of charge and a flux calculation. The simulation results are discussed and assessed using MATLAB/ Simulink.

Hybrid Electrical System (HES), combined various promising devices like a Fuel Cell, a battery and a supercapacitor, is an attractive issue. This system was qualified by its high efficiency for electrical vehicle applications. For that, this article aims to analyze and to evaluate the system performance. A Multi-Input-Multi-Output state space model for PEMFC, Supercapacitor and battery have been established and detailed. To control the load demand and to investigate sources of supply, a precise power management unit (PMU) was discussed and evaluated for the hydrogen fuel consumption and the Battery / Super-capacitor state fluctuations. The simulation results can greatly confirm the system performance using Matlab/Simulink environment.

In this paper, a design of a Hybrid autonomous Power System is proposed and detailed. The studied system integrates several components as solar energy source, Energy Recovery system based on a proton membrane exchange fuel cell system and two energy storage components, namely, (1) Energy Storage based on H2 gas production, and (2) an Ultra-capacitor storage device. The system is controlled through an energy management Unit which aims to ensure the smooth operation system to be against any unexpected fluctuation. The modelling of the system relies on the application of a multi-agent strategy whose good effects on the performance of the system is evaluated and demonstrated by the obtained simulation results. The improvement of the system performance is proved through a comparison with the conventional strategies. The system that relies on multi-agents control approach seems to be more reliable and promising in term of effectiveness and fast response.

The design of the power source in the Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicle (FCHEV) is an attractive area in transport applications. The FCHEV combines a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) and an Ultra-Battery (UB). A suitable UB is deployed, in FCHEV, for a backup system using efficient energy management. The UB aims to guarantee a rapid transfer of power during transient responses and a permanent power during the absence of hydrogen. To ensure the required power, EMSs have been proposed. An efficiency band UB Partial Load State (PSoC UB ) is used to evaluate the proposed design. Therefore, the reliability of our model is tested and evaluated through different results using Matlab / Simulink environment.

Renewable Energy system (such as: Wind Turbine (WT)) provides a dispatching power and large-scale energy recovery. This latter is a suitable technology in Grid power systems due to its high variability and high levels of renewable generation. A variable Speed WT is one essential objective of the researches in this area. Hence, this paper proposed and discusses an efficient design based on a Higher Order Sliding Mode Control (HOSMC) applied to Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG). The HOSMC can provide a feedback linearization controller utilizes the torque estimate to ensure a torque reference. The HOSMC feedback provides the relationship between the turbine speed and an additional input. To achieve a stable error dynamics and speed tracking, a linear control theory is proposed. The applied speed reference is selected according to a classical MPPT algorithm. The reliability and the effectiveness of the proposed design is given by the Matlab / Simulink environment, from which, the obtained results have been treated and discussed in details.

In this paper, a design of an autonomous hybrid power system combining a few components as solar energy, a backup system component based on proton membrane exchange fuel cell, namely Energy Recovery and two kinds of energy storage, one based on H 2 gas production namely Energy Storage and the second specified by using an Ultracapacitor bank is described and modeled. The main goal of this work is to present and to improve the efficiency of such system using a smart energy management. This latter, based on multi-agents system modeling, used to ensure the smooth operation of such system dedicated to remote area application. The model is developed and tested by MATLAB/Simulink using mathematical and finite state models to follow the behavior of the proposed system. Hence, the simulation results clearly indicate and prove that the multi-agents control approach is a promising and effective method used for the control of the systems combining various energy sources.

PEMFC powered Hybrid vehicle system is one of an interesting issue for the industry due to its high performances. The PEMFC cannot certainly ensure a sustained required energy in some scenarios. To solve this problem related to PEMFC transient response, a Hybrid Electrical Storage System (HES) is a potential candidate for a solution. The proposed Hybrid Storage system is comprised of the battery (BT) and a Super-Capacitor (SC) components. These components are included to control the hydrogen variations and the fast peak powers scenarios respectively. The SC is used to control PEMFC and the BT slow dynamics at the same times. An accurate Multi-Ways Energy Management System (MW-EMS) is proposed which aims to cooperate with the system components through SC/BT state of charge and a flux calculation. The simulation results are discussed and assessed using MATLAB/ Simulink.

Stand-alone Hybrid systems become appreciating issues that ensure the required electricity to consumers. The development of a stand-alone Hybrid system becomes a necessity for multiple applications The enhance energy security. To achieve this objective, we have proposed an accurate dynamic model using Multi-Agent System (MAS) in which a solar energy System (SES) serves as the main load supply, an energy Backup System (ERS) is based on a fuel cell and Electrolyzer for long-term energy storage and an Ultra Capacitor (UCap) storage system deployed as a short-time storage. To cooperate with all systems, an Intelligent Power Management (IPM) based on a specific MAS is included. Thus, to prove the performance of the system, we tested and simulated it using the Matlab/Simulink environment. Full Text: PDF DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v8.i1.pp367-375

The aim of this paper is firstly to describe the design than to introduce a new approach of dynamic modeling and simulation results of a Fuel cell/Ultra capacitor (FC/ULC) hybrid power system. The developed model is represented in the state space, so it can be used to implement a suitable control strategy. The given design shows that the transient behavior, effect of the Fuel Cell, is eliminated by the use of the Ultra capacitor through the Flyback converter (FIBC). Thus, the output voltage from the source is maintained with a certain range and meets power demand of the load at high efficiency.

A novel design of system management based on multi-agents approach applied to an autonomous hybrid power system is proposed and investigated. The system under study integrates few elements, some serve to provide power requirements, while the others used to store energy. Among these items, we can mention a Solar Power Source namely (SPS) which works as primary source to feed a DC electric load. The system integrates also a secondary power source namely Power Recovery Source (PRS) based on a fuel cell technology used to compensate the power deficit if required. More than two kinds of energy storage, the first called Hydrogen Generation Element (HGE) including a water electrolyzer to store the energy in hydrogen form, while the second uses an Ultracapacitor Element (UE) to store the energy in its electrical form. To reach the well functioning of the system in order to satisfy the load requirements whatever the facts, an intelligent energy management approach based on multi-agent modeling is implemented and verified. Hence, the reliability and the effectiveness of the applied management strategy, which allows the coordination between the different energy sources and protects the system against any fluctuation, are proved by the obtained results from Matlab/Simulink.

This work shows an ASPEN Plus model to simulate an alkaline electrolysis plant with the objective of evaluating the performance of a complete system under different operating conditions, such as temperature, pressure and current density. As this type of process modelling software is not able to simulate the behavior of the electrolysis cells, an electrochemical model has been previously developed. It is a semi-empirical model that allows determining the voltage cell, Faraday efficiency and gas purity as a function of the current, using both physical principles related to the electrolysis process and statistical methods. The different parameters defined in the equations of the model have been calculated by MATLAB, using a non-linear regression, on the basis of experimental data from different experiments obtained of an alkaline test bench. These equations have been used as a subroutine within an ASPEN Plus model including the rest of balance of plant (BoP) components to analyze a complete alkaline electrolysis plant to produce hydrogen. The obtained results allow determining which process variables are the most influential and hence, should be optimized in order to improve the performance and operation of an alkaline electrolyzer. Sin financiación No data JCR 2019 0.180 SJR (2019) Q3, 258/496 Computer Science (miscellaneous) No data IDR 2019 UEM