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2. Evolution of enhanced innate immune evasion by SARS-CoV-2

Author

Lucy G. Thorne, Mehdi Bouhaddou, Ann-Kathrin Reuschl, Lorena Zuliani-Alvarez, Ben Polacco, Adrian Pelin, Jyoti Batra, Matthew V. X. Whelan, Myra Hosmillo, Andrea Fossati, Roberta Ragazzini, Irwin Jungreis, Manisha Ummadi, Ajda Rojc, Jane Turner, Marie L. Bischof, Kirsten Obernier, Hannes Braberg, Margaret Soucheray, Alicia Richards, Kuei-Ho Chen, Bhavya Harjai, Danish Memon, Joseph Hiatt, Romel Rosales, Briana L. McGovern, Aminu Jahun, Jacqueline M. Fabius, Kris White, Ian G. Goodfellow, Yasu Takeuchi, Paola Bonfanti, Kevan Shokat, Natalia Jura, Klim Verba, Mahdad Noursadeghi, Pedro Beltrao, Manolis Kellis, Danielle L. Swaney, Adolfo García-Sastre, Clare Jolly, Greg J. Towers, Nevan J. Krogan, Thorne, Lucy G [0000-0001-7358-6047], Polacco, Ben [0000-0003-1570-9234], Hosmillo, Myra [0000-0002-3514-7681], Fossati, Andrea [0000-0001-5170-4903], Ragazzini, Roberta [0000-0003-2186-293X], Jungreis, Irwin [0000-0002-3197-5367], Obernier, Kirsten [0000-0002-4025-1299], Braberg, Hannes [0000-0002-7070-2257], Chen, Kuei-Ho [0000-0001-6541-0578], Memon, Danish [0000-0002-1365-0710], McGovern, Briana L [0000-0002-0492-9904], Jahun, Aminu [0000-0002-4585-1701], White, Kris [0000-0003-0889-0506], Goodfellow, Ian [0000-0002-9483-510X], Bonfanti, Paola [0000-0001-9655-3766], Shokat, Kevan [0000-0001-8590-7741], Jura, Natalia [0000-0001-5129-641X], Verba, Klim [0000-0002-2238-8590], Noursadeghi, Mahdad [0000-0002-4774-0853], Kellis, Manolis [0000-0001-7113-9630], Swaney, Danielle L [0000-0001-6119-6084], García-Sastre, Adolfo [0000-0002-6551-1827], Jolly, Clare [0000-0002-4603-2281], Towers, Greg J [0000-0002-7707-0264], Krogan, Nevan J [0000-0003-4902-337X], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, and Goodfellow, Ian G [0000-0002-9483-510X]

Subjects
Proteomics, Evolution, General Science & Technology, Vaccine Related, Evolution, Molecular, Biodefense, Mitochondrial Precursor Protein Import Complex Proteins, Genetics, Innate, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins, Humans, Viral, RNA-Seq, Aetiology, Phosphorylation, Lung, 631/326/596/4130, Immune Evasion, Multidisciplinary, SARS-CoV-2, Prevention, Stem Cells, 82/58, Immunity, article, Molecular, COVID-19, Cell Biology, Phosphoproteins, Immunity, Innate, Infectious Diseases, Emerging Infectious Diseases, RNA, RNA, Viral, Interferons, 631/553, Infection, Developmental Biology
Abstract

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern suggests viral adaptation to enhance human-to-human transmission1,2. Although much effort has focused on the characterization of changes in the spike protein in variants of concern, mutations outside of spike are likely to contribute to adaptation. Here, using unbiased abundance proteomics, phosphoproteomics, RNA sequencing and viral replication assays, we show that isolates of the Alpha (B.1.1.7) variant3 suppress innate immune responses in airway epithelial cells more effectively than first-wave isolates. We found that the Alpha variant has markedly increased subgenomic RNA and protein levels of the nucleocapsid protein (N), Orf9b and Orf6—all known innate immune antagonists. Expression of Orf9b alone suppressed the innate immune response through interaction with TOM70, a mitochondrial protein that is required for activation of the RNA-sensing adaptor MAVS. Moreover, the activity of Orf9b and its association with TOM70 was regulated by phosphorylation. We propose that more effective innate immune suppression, through enhanced expression of specific viral antagonist proteins, increases the likelihood of successful transmission of the Alpha variant, and may increase in vivo replication and duration of infection4. The importance of mutations outside the spike coding region in the adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 to humans is underscored by the observation that similar mutations exist in the N and Orf9b regulatory regions of the Delta and Omicron variants., Nature, 602 (7897), ISSN:0028-0836, ISSN:1476-4687

Published
2022
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3. Publisher Correction: Evolution of enhanced innate immune evasion by SARS-CoV-2

Author

Lucy G. Thorne, Mehdi Bouhaddou, Ann-Kathrin Reuschl, Lorena Zuliani-Alvarez, Ben Polacco, Adrian Pelin, Jyoti Batra, Matthew V. X. Whelan, Myra Hosmillo, Andrea Fossati, Roberta Ragazzini, Irwin Jungreis, Manisha Ummadi, Ajda Rojc, Jane Turner, Marie L. Bischof, Kirsten Obernier, Hannes Braberg, Margaret Soucheray, Alicia Richards, Kuei-Ho Chen, Bhavya Harjai, Danish Memon, Joseph Hiatt, Romel Rosales, Briana L. McGovern, Aminu Jahun, Jacqueline M. Fabius, Kris White, Ian G. Goodfellow, Yasu Takeuchi, Paola Bonfanti, Kevan Shokat, Natalia Jura, Klim Verba, Mahdad Noursadeghi, Pedro Beltrao, Manolis Kellis, Danielle L. Swaney, Adolfo García-Sastre, Clare Jolly, Greg J. Towers, and Nevan J. Krogan

Subjects
Multidisciplinary
Published
2022

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