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In humans, Salmonella most often causes self-limiting gastroenteritis, but more severe symptoms such as sepsis and meningitis can also occur and can sometimes have a fatal outcome. Even if the meningitis is not fatal, sequelae such as epilepsy, cranial nerve palsies, and hydrocephalus can occur. In the United States, it has been estimated that approximately 6% of the human cases of salmonellosis can be attributed to contact with reptiles or amphibians. The infection may take place by direct contact between reptile and human or indirectly via contact with an environment contaminated with Salmonella from a reptile. Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Vitkin is a common gut inhabitant of reptiles. Though human cases due to this organism are exceedingly rare, it may infect young infants and immunocompromised individuals with a history of intimate associations with reptiles. Gastroenteritis is the most common presentation ; others include peritonitis, meningitis and bacteremia. We report a case of meningitis caused by S. enterica subsp. enterica serotype Vitkin in a 1-month-old child due to a pet turtle., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Classical Lemierre syndrome is a rare and severe disease with thrombosis of the internal jugular vein and metastatic infections. We report on a case of Lemierre-like syndrome secondary to mastoiditis, with a favorable outcome, in a healthy infant presenting with torticollis. Early diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics are necessary to decrease mortality., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Disseminated lymphangiomatosis is a congenital lymphovenous vascular malformation. It can occur in different regions, some of which are unusual. The treatment of this vascular malformation is based on surgical excision, sclerotherapy, or recombinant interferon therapy. We report the case of disseminated lymphangiomatosis in a 13-year-old girl who presented with anemia., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

The association of chronic granulomatosis disease (CGD) with autoimmune diseases such as lupus has been described but remains rare. K… is a boy born of a consanguineous marriage. In the family history, two brothers had died at a young age. He had been followed up since the age of 6 months for CGD. At 11 years of age, he developed malar rash, cheilitis, oral ulceration, and photosensitivity. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was confirmed by the presence of high levels of antinuclear antibodies. This observation demonstrates that with the clinical association of recurrent infections and skin lesions the diagnosis of CGD with SLE must be considered., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Chronic granulomatous disease is a rare, primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by a defect in oxidative metabolism in phagocytes and recurrent bacterial and fungal infections. We report a case in a 2-month-old infant admitted with metacarpic osteomyelitis due to Serratia marcescens. Chronic granulomatous disease is rare but must be considered in cases of uncommon or atypical infection., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Acute ethmoiditis is a rare infection of ethmoidal cells. The pathognomonic sign is an edema of the internal corner of the eye. Imaging may be necessary to verify the absence of orbital or endocranial complications. Thrombophlebitis of the cavernous sinus is a serious complication of this infectious process. We report the case of an 11-year-old boy who presented with ethmoiditis complicated with thrombophlebitis of the cavernous sinus, with right hemiplegia and left Bell palsy sequelae. Early diagnosis of this disorder and urgent therapy are essential. Treatment is based on the antibiotic therapy., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Hemolytic and uremic syndrome (HUS) is a classical form of thrombotic microangiopathies characterized by the association of hemolytic anemia with schizocytes, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure. Two forms of HUS have been described: the typical form that occurs after ingestion of a strain of bacteria, usually Escherichia coli types, which expresses verotoxin (also called shiga-like toxin), typically followed by bloody diarrhea, and atypical HUS, which is rare during childhood and can also be revealed by bloody diarrhea. We report a case of a 25-month-old infant who presented with hematuria and pallor after an episode of diarrhea. Biological tests revealed anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal failure. The diagnosis of typical HUS was made, but the causal microorganism was not identified. Progression was favorable within 5 days of plasma transfusions. Two months later, the patient presented with the same symptoms and neurological impairment without any diarrhea. Von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease activity (ADAMTS 13) was low. Therefore, the diagnosis of atypical HUS by severe deficiency of ADAMTS 13 was suggested. The treatment was based on plasma transfusions resulting in remission. Atypical HUS associated with severe ADAMTS 13 deficiency rarely occurs in childhood. The prognosis, usually threatening, has been completely transformed thanks to a better understanding of the pathogenesis and to therapeutic progress., (Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier SAS.)

Nutcracker syndrome is a rare cause of hematuria in children. Clinical signs relate to compression of the left renal vein between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery. The diagnosis is suggested on cystoscopy, which reveals unilateral hematuria, and confirmed by imaging. We report the case of a 4-year-old child who presented nutcracker syndrome confirmed by CT angiography of the abdomen after excluding the other causes of hematuria. Through this observation, we emphasize the reality of this syndrome in children and the value of imaging in the evaluation of this rare affection., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)