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Experience of surgical treatment of 111 patients with thoracoabdominal aorta aneurysm are presented in the article. All patients were operated in terms 2007 to December 2011 in the department of aortic surgery of acad. B.V. Petrovskogo RSCS of RAMS. All patients were divided into 3 groups. Thoracoabdominal aorta prosthetics from isthmus to bifurcation was performed in 10 patients of the first group. It was done descending thoracic aorta prosthetics in the second group (72 patients). The third group (29 patients) had suprarenal aorta prosthetics. The groups were comparable with respect to initial severity of underlying and concomitant diseases. Hemorrhage was 6242±3040, 2666±1590 and 2962±1547 ml respectively. Liver and renal failure developed in 10, 7 and 24% of cases respectively (p<0.05). Respiratory failure developed in 40, 33 and 27.6% of cases. Mortality was 10, 7 and 13.8% respectively. It was concluded about comparable treatment outcomes regardless of the amount of reconstruction. It is necessary to develop the techniques improving surgical treatment results and decreasing postoperative complications frequency.

We have analyzed clinical management of 137 patients with atherosclerotic aneurysms of the abdominal aorta combined with coronary artery disease treated during last 10 years in the First Cardiac Surgery Department (Surgery of the Aorta and its Branches) of the Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery. All patients were subjected to surgery involving both vascular regions: in 130 patients (94.9%) the procedures were staged while 7 patients underwent myocardial revascularization simultaneously with the reconstruction of the abdominal aorta from the minimal access. According to our results staged procedures are safer for patients with atherosclerotic aneurysms of the abdominal aorta combined with coronary artery disease given the organism's limited capacity due to age and comorbidities. Endovascular repair techniques applied both to the coronary arteries and to the abdominal aorta should be always regarded primarily as a gentle form of intervention. In cases where open surgery is required one should try to avoid blood loss, reduce the duration of the procedure and use minimal access surgery when applicable. The overall mortality rate in patients treated for this disorder over the last 10 years was 2.1%.

This article describes clinical experience of surgical treatment of aortic insufficiency in type A aortic dissection using valve-sparing technique. Results of treatment are presented.

It was investigated 30 patients after reconstructive ascending aorta and aortic arch surgeries. Neurocognitive testing was performed 2-3 days before surgery, through 24 hours and 10 days after surgery. Neurocognitive tests included Psychiatric Rating Scale, test "Information-Memory-Consideration Concentration", frontal dysfunction battery and test of clock drawing. Neuropsychological testing was performed by using of hospital scale of anxiety and depression evaluation and Covey scale. The observed moderate decrease of cognitive sphere in 24 hours after surgery has recovered by 10 days of postoperative period. Depressive disorders also were revealed in all stages of postoperative period. Inverse correlation between depressive and intellectual-mental disorders in examined patients was presented. It was suggested introduction of compulsory neurocognitive and psycho-emotional testing for improvement of surgical treatment results.

One of the most severe forms of multifocal atherosclerosis often accompanied by heart attacks and strokes is concomitant coronary and carotid artery disease. Unfortunately to date there have been no qualitative randomized trials allowing us to develop a unified optimal approach to the treatment of this pathology. We have analyzed the treatment of 128 patients with coronary artery disease and atherosclerotic carotid stenosis operated on the two vascular territories over the past 10 years in the Department of Surgery of the Aorta and its Branches of the Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery. One-stage reconstruction in two arterial basins was performed on the majority (75%) of patients. Other patients underwent multistage procedures including the use of endovascular techniques. The absence of any significant differences in mortality and postoperative complications between groups subjected to single- and multi-stage treatment, doubtless reduction of risk of vascular complications in uncorrected arterial bed by one-stage reconstruction allows us to consider this treatment strategy the method of choice in the management of this pathology. Overall surgical mortality of patients with combined coronary and carotid artery involvement subjected to our strategy was 0.8%.

The Bentall-DeBono operation was proposed in 1968. It is the «gold standard" of the aneurysm treatment of the ascending aorta and aortic insufficiency nevertheless this technique is fraught with a number of possible postoperative complications. We have proposed an improved method: two short (10 mm) jaws and «skirt"« formed from the distal portion of the prosthesis were sewed to valved conduit. 19 operations were done by the proposed method in all. The control group included 73 patients who had operation according to the standard technique. Duration of extracorporeal circulation, myocardial ischemia, blood loss were the following: 145.4±54.4 and 117.4±40.9 min; 106.4±30.2 and 77.5±22.5 min; 473±355 and 1853±940 ml respectively. The mortality rate was 5.2% and 10.9% respectively. Our experience shows the technical simplicity of the procedure and satisfactory postoperative results.

It was done an evaluation of surgical treatment results of 71 patients with aortic arch aneurysm and aortic insufficiency, who were operated routinely. According to data of correlation and multiple regression analysis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and kidney disease before operation are significant factors predisposing to death in postoperative period. The authors consider that normalization of lungs and kidneys function before operation improves surgical treatment results in patients of this group.

It was done 163 operations on aortic arch in terms 2000 to December 2011. All patients were operated in the department of aortic surgery of acad. B.V. Petrovskogo RSCS of RAMS. 36 operations were performed by using of Borst's technique and 9 operations - by using of Kouchoukos technique in case of extended aneurysms of thoracic aorta. All patients did not differ in the severity of primary state, concomitant diseases and age. Duration of cardiopulmonary bypass and internal organs ischemia were 189±55/190±47 and 55±8/77±20 min respectively. Complication frequency was 27% and 22% in case of cardiovascular failure. Respiratory failure was 16.7% and 33%. Liver and renal failure was observed in 27% and 11% of cases. Encephalopathy was detected 33% and 22% of cases. Mortality was 22% and 11% of cases. It was concluded that Kouchoukos technique is alternative and safe method in thoracic aorta aneurysm treatment.

A literature review on the early surgical revascularization using carotid endarterectomy in the acute stage of ischemic stroke is presented. Special attention is drawn to criteria of patient selection and time of surgery. A history of the problem is given.

27 patients with thoracic aortic aneurism with dissection type III were operated on and stented. The mean age was 56±11,17 years. Men were 24, women 3. 1 patient developed intraoperative stent-graft leakage type IV, and 1 - type II. Both cases needed no additional manipulations. Minimal invasiveness of the procedure and pain absence allowed early activisation of patients. 2 patients had postoperative paraplegia, which was successfully treated by spinal drainage. There were no lethal cases. The long-term follow-up showed no leakage on CT scans; 11 patients demonstrated complete closure of false canal of the stented segment. The overall survival rate was 92.6% after 60 months of follow-up. Unfavorable results were registered in 29.6%.

Studying the cognitive disorders after cardiac surgery is on of the pressing question nowadays. Cognitive and psychoemotional disorders are associated with presence of general pathogenetic factors (phenomenon of isolation and frontal dysfunction) and directly influence each other. Only combined neurocognitive and neuropsychological testing makes it possible to define the presence and degree of disorder's intensity. Multydisciplinary approach involving neurologists, psychologists and neurophysiologists conducts finding the solution of diagnostics and adequate correction of cognitive postoperative disfunctions.

The experience of surgical treatment of 84 patients with diseases of the descending thoracic aorta was analyzed. Frequency and structure of pleura-pulmonary complications after reconstructive surgery of the descending aorta were thoroughly registered. 58.3% of the operated patints developed complications. The most frequent complication was the acute respiratory insufficiency in early postoperative period (29.76% of patients).

The issue aimed the comparative analysis of the classical and rarely used retrojugular access to carotid arteries on the example of 151 eversion endarterectomies. Of them, 56 operations were performed with the use of retrojugular and 95 with classical access. The retrojugular access demonstrated reliable benefits considering the postoperative period. The rate of tongue numbness and agility was smaller in the retrojugular group (1.7 vs 12%), as well as round mouth muscle paresis (1.7 vs 10%). There were no cases of dysphagia and hoarseness in the group of retrojugular access.

The issue centers on the critical analysis of the results of the aortic arch surgery, performed using the two basic methods: hemiarch and total arch replacement. 130 patients were included in the study. All were operated on in conditions of moderate hypothermia and antegrade brain perfusion. The study demonstrates that the volume of the intervention does not influence the results. The main success criteria is the adequacy of the brain and internal organs perfusion.

Described herein is a variant of surgical treatment of a patient presenting with type A aortic dissection extending to the brachiocephalic branches accompanied by thrombosis of the false channel of the latter. In the rare cases in dissection and thrombosis of the brachiocephalic branches for adequate protection of the body (systemic protection) it is necessary to use bidirectional arterial perfusion under the conditions of moderate hyperthermia: through a preliminarily sewn into the carotid artery prosthesis - perfusion of the brain, through cannulated aortic arch or femoral artery - body perfusion.

The actual problems of technique and tactics by surgical treatment of thoracic tumors, invading the upper vena cava and the pulmonary trunk are highlighted in the article. The thorough analysis of clinical cases is adduced.

Described in the article is a clinical case report concerning single-step surgical management of a male patient presenting with multifocal atherosclerosis accompanied by an aneurysm of the ascending aorta and proximal segment of the aortic arch combined with lesions of the coronary and brachiocephalic vessels, thus showing a possibility of surgical treatment in this cohort of patients, if completely and timely diagnosed. Performing a one-stage operation without aggravating the surgical intervention makes it possible to decrease the risk of complications of both the heart and brain in the intra- and postoperative periods.

The authors own the experience of 4157 operations on the reason of malignant lung tumors, of them 429 (10.3%) operations were combined. The extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is considered to be reasonable by extended thoracic resections. Surgical lung volume reduction by emphysema shows good functional results, which allows to use its principles in oncologic patients with low functional repiratory reserves. The overall multidisciplinary approach in thoracic oncology allows better treatment results and gives hope to the earlier inoperable patients.

In spite of the progress in thoracic surgery and oncology, great lethality in lung cancer patient still persists, and so the questions of not only the early diagnostics but also the development of new techniques of surgical treatment remain actual which allow radical ablation of extended tumors. In the Russian Scientific Center of Surgery named after academician B.V. Petrovsky of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences three patients were subjected to extended combined operations of pneumonectomy with a simultaneous resection and replacement of the thoracic part of the aorta for local dissemination of lung cancer. Extracorporeal circulation was used in one patient and in two patients resection and replacement of the aorta were fulfilled on the cross-clapmed aorta under conditions of ischemia of organs and tissues below the left subclavian artery. There were no ischemic injuries of organs after operation. All the patients were directed to chemio-radiation therapy.

The authors report herein the findings of a prospective study including a total of 26 patients presenting with distal aortic dissection and treated by prosthetic repair of the descending portion of the thoracic aorta. The patients were subdivided into two groups, with Group One comprising 15 patients having the blood flow directed into the true channel and Group Two composed of eleven patients subjected to directing blood flow into the both channels. Twelve (80%) Group One patients were found to have thrombosis of the false channel and an increase in the true channel's diameter. Five (45%) Group Two patients in the remote period developed dilatation of the abdominal aorta requiring distal prosthetic repair in three of them. A further two patients intraoperatively received uncoated stentgrafts (Djumbodies Dissection System, Saint Come Chirurgie, France) inserted into the distal portion of the thoracoabdominal aorta in order to provide adequate perfusion of the visceral branches. It was shown that local prosthetic repair of the descending thoracic aorta is appropriate only in case of the blood flow directed into the true lumen and expansion of the compressed true channel of the aorta distal to the reconstruction site by means of stenting resulted in better haemodynamic outcomes.

65 patients with the aortic dissection type B were operated on in the period 1995-2010. The proximal local aortic prosthetics proved to be the method of choice in treatment of such patients. The method allowed the reduction of the hospital lethality on 5,7 ± 3,9% and considerably decrease the overall hospital stay.