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1. Quantifying corrections to the hadron resonance gas with lattice QCD

Author: Bellwied, Rene, Borsányi, Szabolcs, Fodor, Zoltán, Guenther, Jana N., Katz, Sándor D., Parotto, Paolo, Pásztor, Attila, Pesznyák, Dávid, Ratti, Claudia, and Szabó, Kálmán K.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Lattice
Abstract: The hadron resonance gas (HRG) model and its extensions are often used to describe the hadronic phase of strongly interacting matter. In our work we use lattice-QCD simulations with temporal extents of $N_\tau=8,10$ and $12$ to quantify corrections to the ideal HRG. Firstly, we determine a number of subleading fugacity expansion coefficients of the QCD free energy via a two-dimensional scan on the imaginary baryon number chemical potential ($\mu_B$) - strangeness chemical potential ($\mu_S$) plane. Using the aforementioned coefficients, we also extrapolate ratios of baryon number and strangeness fluctuations and correlations to finite chemical potentials via a truncated fugacity expansion. Our results extrapolated along the crossover line $T_\mathrm{c}(\mu_B)$ at strangeness neutrality are able to reproduce trends of experimental net-proton fluctuations measured by the STAR Collaboration., Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, Contribution to the 38th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, LATTICE2021 26th-30th July, 2021
Published: 2021

2. System Size and Flavour Dependence of Chemical Freeze-out Temperatures in ALICE Data from pp, pPb and PbPb Collisions at LHC Energies

Author: Flor, Fernando Antonio, Olinger, Gabrielle, and Bellwied, René
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: We present the system size and flavour dependence of the chemical freeze-out temperature ($T_\mathrm{ch}$) at vanishing baryo-chemical potential calculated via thermal fits to experimental yields for several multiplicity classes in pp, pPb and PbPb collisions measured by ALICE. Using the Thermal-FIST Hadron Resonance Gas model package, we compare the quality of fits across various treatments of strangeness conservation under different freeze-out conditions as a function of the charged particle multiplicity density $\big \langle dN_\mathrm{ch}/d\eta \big \rangle$. Additionally, we examine how the anti-hadron to pion yield ratios of light and strange baryons, as well as the $\phi$ meson, evolve within a flavour-dependent model. Through a unique two-temperature chemical freeze-out approach, we show that flavour dependence of $T_\mathrm{ch}$ in a Strangeness Canonical Ensemble leads to a natural explanation of strangeness enhancement from small to large systems at LHC energies without requiring any non-equilibrium particle production at small $\big \langle dN_\mathrm{ch}/d\eta \big \rangle$., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables. Submitted to and accepted by Physics Letters B
Published: 2021
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3. Corrections to the hadron resonance gas from lattice QCD and their effect on fluctuation-ratios at finite density

Author: Bellwied, Rene, Borsanyi, Szabolcs, Fodor, Zoltan, Guenther, Jana N., Katz, Sandor D., Parotto, Paolo, Pasztor, Attila, Pesznyak, David, Ratti, Claudia, and Szabo, Kalman K.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Lattice, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: The hadron resonance gas (HRG) model is often believed to correctly describe the confined phase of QCD. This assumption is the basis of many phenomenological works on QCD thermodynamics and of the analysis of hadron yields in relativistic heavy ion collisions. We use first-principle lattice simulations to calculate corrections to the ideal HRG. Namely, we determine the sub-leading fugacity expansion coefficients of the grand canonical free energy, receiving contributions from processes like kaon-kaon or baryon-baryon scattering. We achieve this goal by performing a two dimensional scan on the imaginary baryon number chemical potential ($\mu_B$) - strangeness chemical potential ($\mu_S$) plane, where the fugacity expansion coefficients become Fourier coefficients. We carry out a continuum limit estimation of these coefficients by performing lattice simulations with temporal extents of $N_\tau=8,10,12$ using the 4stout-improved staggered action. We then use the truncated fugacity expansion to extrapolate ratios of baryon number and strangeness fluctuations and correlations to finite chemical potentials. Evaluating the fugacity expansion along the crossover line, we reproduce the trend seen in the experimental data on net-proton fluctuations by the STAR collaboration., Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2021
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4. Flavour and Energy Dependence of Chemical Freeze-out Temperatures in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions from RHIC-BES to LHC Energies

Author: Flor, Fernando Antonio, Olinger, Gabrielle, and Bellwied, Rene
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: We present calculations of the chemical freeze-out temperature (T_ch) based on particle yields from STAR and ALICE measured at collision energies ranging from sqrt{s_{NN}} = 11.5 GeV to 5.02 TeV. Employing the Grand Canonical Ensemble approach using the Thermal-FIST Hadron Resonance Gas model package, we show evidence for a flavour-dependent chemical freeze-out in the crossover region of the QCD phase diagram. At a vanishing baryochemical potential, we calculate light and strange flavour freeze-out temperatures T_L = 150.2 +- 2.6 MeV and T_S = 165.1 +- 2.7 MeV, respectively., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables. Submitted to and accepted by Physics Letters B
Published: 2020
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5. Strange Hadron Spectroscopy with Secondary KL Beam in Hall D

Author: KLF Collaboration, Amaryan, Moskov, Bashkanov, Mikhail, Dobbs, Sean, Ritman, James, Stevens, Justin, Strakovsky, Igor, Adhikari, Shankar, Asaturyan, Arshak, Austregesilo, Alexander, Baalouch, Marouen, Baturin, Vitaly, Berdnikov, Vladimir, Becerra, Olga Cortes, Black, Timothy, Boeglin, Werner, Briscoe, William, Brooks, William, Burkert, Volker, Chudakov, Eugene, Clash, Geraint, Cole, Philip, Crede, Volker, Day, Donal, Degtyarenko, Pavel, Deur, Alexandre, Dodge, Gail, Dolgolenko, Anatoly, Eidelman, Simon, Egiyan, Hovanes, Epifanov, Denis, Eugenio, Paul, Fegan, Stuart, Filippi, Alessandra, Furletov, Sergey, Gan, Liping, Garibaldi, Franco, Gasparian, Ashot, Gavalian, Gagik, Glazier, Derek, Gleason, Colin, Goryachev, Vladimir, Guo, Lei, Hamilton, David, Hayrapetyan, Avetik, Huber, Garth, Hurley, Andrew, Hyde, Charles, Illari, Isabella, Ireland, David, Jaegle, Igal, Joo, Kyungseon, Kakoyan, Vanik, Kalicy, Grzegorz, Kamel, Mahmoud, Keith, Christopher, Kim, Chan Wook, Klemp, Eberhard, Krafft, Geoffrey, Kuhn, Sebastian, Kuleshov, Sergey, Laptev, Alexander, Larin, Ilya, Lawrence, David, Lersch, Daniel, Li, Wenliang, Luckas, Kevin, Lyubovitskij, Valery, Mack, David, McCaughan, Michael, Manley, Mark, Marukyan, Hrachya, Matveev, Vladimir, Mocanu, Mihai, Mokeev, Viktor, Meyer, Curtis, McKinnon, Bryan, Nerling, Frank, Nicol, Matthew, Niculescu, Gabriel, Ostrovidov, Alexander, Papandreou, Zisis, Park, KiJun, Pasyuk, Eugene, Pauli, Peter, Pentchev, Lubomir, Phelps, William, Price, John, Reinhold, Jorg, Romanov, Dimitri, Salgado, Carlos, Satogata, Todd, Schadmand, Susan, Schertz, Amy, Schmidt, Axel, Sober, Daniel, Somov, Alexander, Somov, Sergei, Tarasov, Victor, Taylor, Simon, Thiel, Annika, Urciuoli, Guido Maria, Szumila-Vance, Holly, Watts, Daniel, Weinstein, Lawrence, Whitlatch, Timothy, Wickramaarachchi, Nilanga, Wojtsekhowski, Bogdan, Zachariou, Nicholas, Zarling, Jonathan, Zhang, Jixie, Anisovich, Alexey, Bazavov, Alexei, Bellwied, Rene, Bernard, Veronique, Colangelo, Gilberto, Cieply, Ales, Doring, Michael, Eskanderian, Ali, Goity, Jose, Haberzettl, Helmut, Hadzimehmedovic, Mirza, Jaffe, Robert, Kopeliovich, Boris, Leutwyler, Heinrich, Mai, Maxim, Mart, Terry, Matveev, Maxim, Meissner, Ulf-G., Morningstar, Colin, Moussallam, Bachir, Nakayama, Kanzo, Ochs, Wolfgang, Oh, Youngseok, Omerovic, Rifat, Osmanovic, Hedim, Oset, Eulogio, Palano, Antimo, Pelaez, Jose, Pilloni, Alessandro, Polyakov, Maxim, Richards, David, Rodas, Arkaitz, Riska, Dan-Olof, de Elvira, Jacobo Ruiz, Ryu, Hui-Young, Santopinto, Elena, Sarantsev, Andrey, Stahov, Jugoslav, Svarc, Alfred, Szczepaniak, Adam, Workman, Ronald, and Zou, Bing-Song
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: We propose to create a secondary beam of neutral kaons in Hall D at Jefferson Lab to be used with the GlueX experimental setup for strange hadron spectroscopy. The superior CEBAF electron beam will enable a flux on the order of $1\times 10^4~K_L/sec$, which exceeds the flux of that previously attained at SLAC by three orders of magnitude. The use of a deuteron target will provide first measurements ever with neutral kaons on neutrons. The experiment will measure both differential cross sections and self-analyzed polarizations of the produced $\Lambda$, $\Sigma$, $\Xi$, and $\Omega$ hyperons using the GlueX detector at the Jefferson Lab Hall D. The measurements will span CM $\cos\theta$ from $-0.95$ to 0.95 in the range W = 1490 MeV to 2500 MeV. The new data will significantly constrain the partial wave analyses and reduce model-dependent uncertainties in the extraction of the properties and pole positions of the strange hyperon resonances, and establish the orbitally excited multiplets in the spectra of the $\Xi$ and $\Omega$ hyperons. Comparison with the corresponding multiplets in the spectra of the charm and bottom hyperons will provide insight into he accuracy of QCD-based calculations over a large range of masses. The proposed facility will have a defining impact in the strange meson sector through measurements of the final state $K\pi$ system up to 2 GeV invariant mass. This will allow the determination of pole positions and widths of all relevant $K^\ast(K\pi)$ $S$-,$P$-,$D$-,$F$-, and $G$-wave resonances, settle the question of the existence or nonexistence of scalar meson $\kappa/K_0^\ast(700)$ and improve the constrains on their pole parameters. Subsequently improving our knowledge of the low-lying scalar nonet in general., Comment: Final version of the KLF Proposal [C12-19-001] approved by JLab PAC48. The intermediate version of the proposal was posted in arXiv:1707.05284 [hep-ex]. 103 pages, 52 figures, 8 tables, 324 references. Several typos were fixed
Published: 2020

6. Chemical freeze-out parameters of net-kaons in heavy-ion collisions

Author: Alba, Paolo, Bellwied, Rene, Mantovani-Sarti, Valentina, Noronha-Hostler, Jacquelyn, Parotto, Paolo, Portillo-Vazquez, Israel, Ratti, Claudia, and Stafford, Jamie M.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: We study chemical freeze-out parameters for heavy-ion collisions by performing two different thermal analyses. We analyze results from thermal fits for particle yields, as well as, net-charge fluctuations in order to characterize the chemical freeze-out. The Hadron Resonance Gas (HRG) model is employed for both methods. By separating the light hadrons from the strange hadrons in thermal fits, we study the proposed flavor hierarchy. For the net-charge fluctuations, we calculate the mean-over-variance ratio of the net-kaon fluctuations in the HRG model at the five highest energies of the RHIC Beam Energy Scan (BES) for different particle data lists. We compare these results with recent experimental data from the STAR collaboration in order to extract sets of chemical freeze-out parameters for each list. We focused on particle lists which differ largely in the number of resonant states. By doing so, our analysis determines the effect of the amount of resonances included in the HRG model on the freeze-out conditions. Our findings have potential impact on various other models in the field of relativistic heavy-ion collisions., Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, 1 table, contribution to the Quark Matter 2019 proceedings
Published: 2020
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7. Determination of Chemical Freeze-out Parameters from Net-kaon Fluctuations at RHIC

Author: Stafford, Jamie M., Alba, Paolo, Bellwied, Rene, Mantovani-Sarti, Valentina, Noronha-Hostler, Jacquelyn, Parotto, Paolo, Portillo-Vazquez, Israel, and Ratti, Claudia
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: We calculate the mean-over-variance ratio of the net-kaon fluctuations in the Hadron Resonance Gas (HRG) Model for the five highest energies of the RHIC Beam Energy Scan (BES) for different particle data lists. We compare these results with the latest experimental data from the STAR collaboration in order to extract sets of chemical freeze-out parameters for each list. We focused on the PDG2012 and PDG2016+ particle lists, which differ largely in the number of resonant states. Our analysis determines the effect of the amount of resonances included in the HRG on the freeze-out conditions., Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, contribution to the proceedings from the 18th International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter (SQM 2019)
Published: 2019

8. Cross-correlators of conserved charges in QCD

Author: Bellwied, Rene, Borsanyi, Szabolcs, Fodor, Zoltan, Guenther, Jana N., Noronha-Hostler, Jacquelyn, Parotto, Paolo, Pasztor, Attila, Ratti, Claudia, and Stafford, Jamie M.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Lattice, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: We present cross-correlators of QCD conserved charges at $\mu_B=0$ from lattice simulations and perform a Hadron Resonance Gas (HRG) model analysis to break down the hadronic contributions to these correlators. We construct a suitable hadronic proxy for the ratio $-\chi_{11}^{BS}/\chi_2^S$ and discuss the dependence on the chemical potential and experimental cuts. We then perform a comparison to preliminary STAR results and comment on a possible direct comparison of lattice and experiment., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, contribution to the proceedings from the 18th International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter (SQM 2019)
Published: 2019

9. Off-diagonal correlators of conserved charges from lattice QCD and how to relate them to experiment

Author: Bellwied, Rene, Borsanyi, Szabolcs, Fodor, Zoltan, Guenther, Jana N., Noronha-Hostler, Jacquelyn, Parotto, Paolo, Pasztor, Attila, Ratti, Claudia, and Stafford, Jamie M.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Lattice, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: Like fluctuations, non-diagonal correlators of conserved charges provide a tool for the study of chemical freeze-out in heavy ion collisions. They can be calculated in thermal equilibrium using lattice simulations, and be connected to moments of event-by-event net-particle multiplicity distributions. We calculate them from continuum extrapolated lattice simulations at $\mu_B=0$, and present a finite-$\mu_B$ extrapolation, comparing two different methods. In order to relate the grand canonical observables to the experimentally available net-particle fluctuations and correlations, we perform a Hadron Resonance Gas (HRG) model analysis, which allows us to completely break down the contributions from different hadrons. We then construct suitable hadronic proxies for fluctuations ratios, and study their behavior at finite chemical potentials. We also study the effect of introducing acceptance cuts, and argue that the small dependence of certain ratios on the latter allows for a direct comparison with lattice QCD results, provided that the same cuts are applied to all hadronic species. Finally, we perform a comparison for the constructed quantities for experimentally available measurements from the STAR Collaboration. Thus, we estimate the chemical freeze-out temperature to 165 MeV using a strangeness-related proxy. This is a rather high temperature for the use of the Hadron Resonance Gas, thus, further lattice studies are necessary to provide first principle results at intermediate $\mu_B$., Comment: 20 pages, 17 figures, 1 table, version published in Phys.Rev.D
Published: 2019
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10. Extracting the strangeness freeze-out temperature from net-Kaon data at RHIC

Author: Bellwied, Rene, Noronha-Hostler, Jacquelyn, Parotto, Paolo, Vazquez, Israel Portillo, Ratti, Claudia, and Stafford, Jamie
Subjects: Nuclear Theory, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: Using the moments of the net-kaon distribution calculated within a state of-the-art hadron resonance gas model compared to experimental data from STAR's Beam Energy Scan, we find that the extracted strange freeze-out temperature is incompatible with the light one extracted from net-proton and net-charge fluctuations. Additionally predictions for net-$Lambda$ fluctuations are made that also appear to be consistent with a higher freeze-out temperature for strange particles. This strangeness freeze-out temperature is roughly $10-15$ MeV higher than the corresponding light freeze-out temperature. We also discuss cross-susceptibilities using different identified particles, which may be a further test of this two freeze-out temperature picture. Finally, we lay out the necessary updates needed in relativistic hydrodynamic models to take into account for this two freeze-out temperature scenario and present preliminary results of $\Lambda$ spectra at RHIC for AuAu $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV collisions that indicate a higher freeze-out temperature is preferred., Comment: 11 pages, 6 figure, Proceedings for CPOD2018
Published: 2019

11. QCD at Finite Chemical Potential

Author: Ratti, Claudia, Bellwied, Rene, Beiglböck, Wolf, Founding Editor, Ehlers, Jürgen, Founding Editor, Hepp, Klaus, Founding Editor, Weidenmüller, Hans-Arwed, Founding Editor, Bartelmann, Matthias, Series Editor, Citro, Roberta, Series Editor, Hänggi, Peter, Series Editor, Hjorth-Jensen, Morten, Series Editor, Lewenstein, Maciej, Series Editor, Rubio, Angel, Series Editor, Salmhofer, Manfred, Series Editor, Schleich, Wolfgang, Series Editor, Theisen, Stefan, Series Editor, Wells, James D., Series Editor, Zank, Gary P., Series Editor, Ratti, Claudia, and Bellwied, Rene
Published: 2021
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12. Introduction to Lattice QCD

Author: Ratti, Claudia, Bellwied, Rene, Beiglböck, Wolf, Founding Editor, Ehlers, Jürgen, Founding Editor, Hepp, Klaus, Founding Editor, Weidenmüller, Hans-Arwed, Founding Editor, Bartelmann, Matthias, Series Editor, Citro, Roberta, Series Editor, Hänggi, Peter, Series Editor, Hjorth-Jensen, Morten, Series Editor, Lewenstein, Maciej, Series Editor, Rubio, Angel, Series Editor, Salmhofer, Manfred, Series Editor, Schleich, Wolfgang, Series Editor, Theisen, Stefan, Series Editor, Wells, James D., Series Editor, Zank, Gary P., Series Editor, Ratti, Claudia, and Bellwied, Rene
Published: 2021
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13. Transport Properties of QCD Matter

Author: Ratti, Claudia, Bellwied, Rene, Beiglböck, Wolf, Founding Editor, Ehlers, Jürgen, Founding Editor, Hepp, Klaus, Founding Editor, Weidenmüller, Hans-Arwed, Founding Editor, Bartelmann, Matthias, Series Editor, Citro, Roberta, Series Editor, Hänggi, Peter, Series Editor, Hjorth-Jensen, Morten, Series Editor, Lewenstein, Maciej, Series Editor, Rubio, Angel, Series Editor, Salmhofer, Manfred, Series Editor, Schleich, Wolfgang, Series Editor, Theisen, Stefan, Series Editor, Wells, James D., Series Editor, Zank, Gary P., Series Editor, Ratti, Claudia, and Bellwied, Rene
Published: 2021
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14. Heavy Flavors and Quarkonia

Author: Ratti, Claudia, Bellwied, Rene, Beiglböck, Wolf, Founding Editor, Ehlers, Jürgen, Founding Editor, Hepp, Klaus, Founding Editor, Weidenmüller, Hans-Arwed, Founding Editor, Bartelmann, Matthias, Series Editor, Citro, Roberta, Series Editor, Hänggi, Peter, Series Editor, Hjorth-Jensen, Morten, Series Editor, Lewenstein, Maciej, Series Editor, Rubio, Angel, Series Editor, Salmhofer, Manfred, Series Editor, Schleich, Wolfgang, Series Editor, Theisen, Stefan, Series Editor, Wells, James D., Series Editor, Zank, Gary P., Series Editor, Ratti, Claudia, and Bellwied, Rene
Published: 2021
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15. The Hadron Resonance Gas Model

Author: Ratti, Claudia, Bellwied, Rene, Beiglböck, Wolf, Founding Editor, Ehlers, Jürgen, Founding Editor, Hepp, Klaus, Founding Editor, Weidenmüller, Hans-Arwed, Founding Editor, Bartelmann, Matthias, Series Editor, Citro, Roberta, Series Editor, Hänggi, Peter, Series Editor, Hjorth-Jensen, Morten, Series Editor, Lewenstein, Maciej, Series Editor, Rubio, Angel, Series Editor, Salmhofer, Manfred, Series Editor, Schleich, Wolfgang, Series Editor, Theisen, Stefan, Series Editor, Wells, James D., Series Editor, Zank, Gary P., Series Editor, Ratti, Claudia, and Bellwied, Rene
Published: 2021
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16. Experimental Verification of Lattice QCD Predictions

Author: Ratti, Claudia, Bellwied, Rene, Beiglböck, Wolf, Founding Editor, Ehlers, Jürgen, Founding Editor, Hepp, Klaus, Founding Editor, Weidenmüller, Hans-Arwed, Founding Editor, Bartelmann, Matthias, Series Editor, Citro, Roberta, Series Editor, Hänggi, Peter, Series Editor, Hjorth-Jensen, Morten, Series Editor, Lewenstein, Maciej, Series Editor, Rubio, Angel, Series Editor, Salmhofer, Manfred, Series Editor, Schleich, Wolfgang, Series Editor, Theisen, Stefan, Series Editor, Wells, James D., Series Editor, Zank, Gary P., Series Editor, Ratti, Claudia, and Bellwied, Rene
Published: 2021
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17. Fluctuations of Conserved Charges

Author: Ratti, Claudia, Bellwied, Rene, Beiglböck, Wolf, Founding Editor, Ehlers, Jürgen, Founding Editor, Hepp, Klaus, Founding Editor, Weidenmüller, Hans-Arwed, Founding Editor, Bartelmann, Matthias, Series Editor, Citro, Roberta, Series Editor, Hänggi, Peter, Series Editor, Hjorth-Jensen, Morten, Series Editor, Lewenstein, Maciej, Series Editor, Rubio, Angel, Series Editor, Salmhofer, Manfred, Series Editor, Schleich, Wolfgang, Series Editor, Theisen, Stefan, Series Editor, Wells, James D., Series Editor, Zank, Gary P., Series Editor, Ratti, Claudia, and Bellwied, Rene
Published: 2021
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18. Phase Transitions in QCD

Author: Ratti, Claudia, Bellwied, Rene, Beiglböck, Wolf, Founding Editor, Ehlers, Jürgen, Founding Editor, Hepp, Klaus, Founding Editor, Weidenmüller, Hans-Arwed, Founding Editor, Bartelmann, Matthias, Series Editor, Citro, Roberta, Series Editor, Hänggi, Peter, Series Editor, Hjorth-Jensen, Morten, Series Editor, Lewenstein, Maciej, Series Editor, Rubio, Angel, Series Editor, Salmhofer, Manfred, Series Editor, Schleich, Wolfgang, Series Editor, Theisen, Stefan, Series Editor, Wells, James D., Series Editor, Zank, Gary P., Series Editor, Ratti, Claudia, and Bellwied, Rene
Published: 2021
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19. Equation of State of QCD at Finite Temperature and μ B = 0

Author: Ratti, Claudia, Bellwied, Rene, Beiglböck, Wolf, Founding Editor, Ehlers, Jürgen, Founding Editor, Hepp, Klaus, Founding Editor, Weidenmüller, Hans-Arwed, Founding Editor, Bartelmann, Matthias, Series Editor, Citro, Roberta, Series Editor, Hänggi, Peter, Series Editor, Hjorth-Jensen, Morten, Series Editor, Lewenstein, Maciej, Series Editor, Rubio, Angel, Series Editor, Salmhofer, Manfred, Series Editor, Schleich, Wolfgang, Series Editor, Theisen, Stefan, Series Editor, Wells, James D., Series Editor, Zank, Gary P., Series Editor, Ratti, Claudia, and Bellwied, Rene
Published: 2021
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20. Quantum entanglement in the initial and final state of relativistic heavy ion collisions

Author: Bellwied, Rene
Subjects: Nuclear Theory, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The possibility of quantum entanglement leading to a seemingly thermal distribution of the initial partonic state that maps to the final hadronic state in the evolution of the deconfined phase generated in relativistic heavy ion collisions is discussed in the context of early thermalization and final state particle distributions obtained in experiments at RHIC and the LHC., Comment: 6 pages, no figures, proceedings to the 34th Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics (WWND 2018)
Published: 2018
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21. Sequential Strangeness Freeze-out

Author: Bellwied, Rene
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: I will describe the latest results from lattice QCD pertaining to a potential flavour hierarchy in the hadronic freeze-out from the QCD crossover region. I will compare these results to a variety of improved hadronic resonance gas calculations and to experimental data of fluctuations of net-charge, net-proton and net-kaon multiplicity distributions, which serve as a proxy for the susceptibilities of conserved quantum numbers on the lattice. I will conclude that there is intriguing evidence for a flavour dependent freeze-out, and I will suggest expansions to the experimental program at RHIC and the LHC that could potentially demonstrate the impact of a flavour separation during hadronization., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, SQM 2017 proceedings
Published: 2017
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22. Constraining the hadronic spectrum through QCD thermodynamics on the lattice

Author: Alba, Paolo, Bellwied, Rene, Borsanyi, Szabolcs, Fodor, Zoltan, Guenther, Jana, Katz, Sandor D., Sarti, Valentina Mantovani, Noronha-Hostler, Jacquelyn, Parotto, Paolo, Pasztor, Attila, Vazquez, Israel Portillo, and Ratti, Claudia
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Lattice, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: Fluctuations of conserved charges allow to study the chemical composition of hadronic matter. A comparison between lattice simulations and the Hadron Resonance Gas (HRG) model suggested the existence of missing strange resonances. To clarify this issue we calculate the partial pressures of mesons and baryons with different strangeness quantum numbers using lattice simulations in the confined phase of QCD. In order to make this calculation feasible, we perform simulations at imaginary strangeness chemical potentials. We systematically study the effect of different hadronic spectra on thermodynamic observables in the HRG model and compare to lattice QCD results. We show that, for each hadronic sector, the well established states are not enough in order to have agreement with the lattice results. Additional states, either listed in the Particle Data Group booklet (PDG) but not well established, or predicted by the Quark Model (QM), are necessary in order to reproduce the lattice data. For mesons, it appears that the PDG and the quark model do not list enough strange mesons, or that, in this sector, interactions beyond those included in the HRG model are needed to reproduce the lattice QCD results., Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures
Published: 2017
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23. Strangeness at finite temperature from Lattice QCD

Author: Noronha-Hostler, Jacquelyn, Bellwied, Rene, Gunther, Jana, Parotto, Paolo, Pasztor, Attila, Vazquez, Israel Portillo, and Ratti, Claudia
Subjects: Nuclear Theory, High Energy Physics - Lattice, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: The precision reached by recent lattice QCD results allows for the first time to investigate whether the measured hadronic spectrum is missing some additional strange states, which are predicted by the Quark Model but have not yet been detected. This can be done by comparing some sensitive thermodynamic observables from lattice QCD to the predictions of the Hadron Resonance Gas model (with the inclusion of decays [3]). We propose a set of specific observables, defined as linear combinations of conserved charge fluctuations, which allow to investigate this issue for baryons containing one or more strange quarks separately. Applications of these observables to isolate the multiplicity fluctuations of kaons from lattice QCD, and their comparison with the experimental results, are also discussed., Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, contribution to the proceedings of the Strangeness in Quark Matter conference (June 27 to July 1, 2016, Berkeley, CA, USA)
Published: 2016
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24. Determination of Chemical Freeze-Out Parameters from Net-Kaon Fluctuations at RHIC

Author: Stafford, Jamie M., Alba, Paolo, Bellwied, Rene, Mantovani-Sarti, Valentina, Noronha-Hostler, Jacquelyn, Parotto, Paolo, Portillo-Vazquez, Israel, Ratti, Claudia, Elia, Domenico, editor, Bruno, Giuseppe E., editor, Colangelo, Pietro, editor, and Cosmai, Leonardo, editor
Published: 2020
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25. Cross-Correlators of Conserved Charges in QCD

Author: Bellwied, Rene, Borsanyi, Szabolcs, Fodor, Zoltan, Guenther, Jona N., Noronha-Hostler, Jacquelyn, Parotto, Paolo, Pásztor, Attila, Ratti, Claudia, Stafford, Jamie M., Elia, Domenico, editor, Bruno, Giuseppe E., editor, Colangelo, Pietro, editor, and Cosmai, Leonardo, editor
Published: 2020
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26. Kaon fluctuations from lattice QCD

Author: Noronha-Hostler, Jacquelyn, Bellwied, Rene, Gunther, Jana, Parotto, Paolo, Pasztor, Attila, Vazquez, Israel Portillo, and Ratti, Claudia
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Lattice, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: We show that it is possible to isolate a set of kaon fluctuations in lattice QCD. By means of the Hadron Resonance Gas (HRG) model, we calculate the actual kaon second-to-first fluctuation ratio, which receives contribution from primordial kaons and resonance decays, and show that it is very close to the one obtained for primordial kaons in the Boltzmann approximation. The latter only involves the strangeness and electric charge chemical potentials, which are functions of $T$ and $\mu_B$ due to the experimental constraint on strangeness and electric charge, and can therefore be calculated on the lattice. This provides an unambiguous method to extract the kaon freeze-out temperature, by comparing the lattice results to the experimental values for the corresponding fluctuations., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures
Published: 2016

27. Chemical freeze-out parameters of net-kaons in heavy-ion collisions

Author: Alba, Paolo, Bellwied, Rene, Mantovani-Sarti, Valentina, Noronha-Hostler, Jacquelyn, Parotto, Paolo, Portillo-Vazquez, Israel, Ratti, Claudia, and Stafford, Jamie M.
Published: 2021
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28. Sensitivity of multiplicity fluctuations to freeze-out conditions in heavy ion collisions

Author: Alba, Paolo, Bellwied, Rene, Bluhm, Marcus, Sarti, Valentina Mantovani, Nahrgang, Marlene, and Ratti, Claudia
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: We study the sensitivity of the higher-order moments of produced particle multiplicity distributions to the chemical freeze-out parameters in relativistic heavy ion collisions using the Hadron Resonance Gas (HRG) model. We compare the obtained sensitivity level to the one extracted from the ratios of particle yields. We find that, for certain final state hadrons, the fluctuation measurements add significant information to the determination of the hadro-chemical freeze-out properties of the deconfined phase of matter obtained at RHIC and the LHC., Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2015
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29. Thoughts on opportunities from high-energy nuclear collisions

Author: Antinori, Federico, Armesto, Nestor, Bartalini, Paolo, Bellwied, Rene, Braun-Munzinger, Peter, Cole, Brian, Dainese, Andrea, Gazdzicki, Marek, Giubellino, Paolo, Harris, John, Heinz, Ulrich, Jacak, Barbara, Jacobs, Peter, Kharzeev, Dmitri, Loizides, Constantin, Masciocchi, Silvia, Morsch, Andreas, Mueller, Berndt, Nagle, Jamie, Paic, Guy, Rajagopal, Krishna, Roland, Gunther, Safarik, Karel, Schukraft, Jurgen, Schutz, Yves, Stachel, Johanna, Steinberg, Peter, Ullrich, Thomas, Wang, Xin-Nian, Wessels, Johannes, and Wiedemann, Urs Achim
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: This document summarizes thoughts on opportunities from high-energy nuclear collisions., Comment: 10 pages, pdf
Published: 2014

30. Determination of freeze-out conditions from fluctuation observables measured at RHIC

Author: Bluhm, Marcus, Alba, Paolo, Alberico, Wanda, Bellwied, Rene, Sarti, Valentina Mantovani, Nahrgang, Marlene, and Ratti, Claudia
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: We extract chemical freeze-out conditions via a thermal model approach from fluctuation observables measured at RHIC and compare with results from lattice QCD and statistical hadronization model fits. The possible influence of additional critical and non-critical fluctuation sources not accounted for in our analysis is discussed., Comment: Proceedings of the 24th Quark Matter conference, 19-24 May 2014, Darmstadt, Germany. 4 pp
Published: 2014
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31. Freeze-out conditions from net-proton and net-charge fluctuations at RHIC

Author: Alba, Paolo, Alberico, Wanda, Bellwied, Rene, Bluhm, Marcus, Sarti, Valentina Mantovani, Nahrgang, Marlene, and Ratti, Claudia
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: We calculate ratios of higher-order susceptibilities quantifying fluctuations in the number of net protons and in the net-electric charge using the Hadron Resonance Gas (HRG) model. We take into account the effect of resonance decays, the kinematic acceptance cuts in rapidity, pseudo-rapidity and transverse momentum used in the experimental analysis, as well as a randomization of the isospin of nucleons in the hadronic phase. By comparing these results to the latest experimental data from the STAR collaboration, we determine the freeze-out conditions from net-electric charge and net-proton distributions and discuss their consistency., Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, particle ratio figure added
Published: 2014
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32. Impact of resonance regeneration and decay on the net-proton fluctuations in a hadron resonance gas

Author: Nahrgang, Marlene, Bluhm, Marcus, Alba, Paolo, Bellwied, Rene, and Ratti, Claudia
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: We investigate net-proton fluctuations as important observables measured in heavy-ion collisions within the hadron resonance gas (HRG) model. Special emphasis is given to effects which are a priori not inherent in a thermally and chemically equilibrated HRG approach. In particular, we point out the importance of taking into account the successive regeneration and decay of resonances below the chemical freeze-out, which lead to a randomization of the isospin of nucleons and thus to additional fluctuations in the net-proton number. We find good agreement between our model results and the recent STAR measurements of the higher-order moments of the net-proton distribution.
Published: 2014
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33. The Deconfinement Transition of QCD

Author: Ratti, Claudia, primary and Bellwied, Rene, additional
Published: 2021
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34. Is there a flavor hierarchy in the deconfinement transition of QCD?

Author: Bellwied, Rene, Borsanyi, Szabolcs, Fodor, Zoltan, Katz, Sandor D, and Ratti, Claudia
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Lattice, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: We present possible indications for flavor separation during the QCD crossover transition based on continuum extrapolated lattice QCD calculations of higher order susceptibilities. We base our findings on flavor specific quantities in the light and strange quark sector. We propose a possible experimental verification of our prediction, based on the measurement of higher order moments of identified particle multiplicities. Since all our calculations are performed at zero baryochemical potential, these results are of particular relevance for the heavy ion program at the LHC., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, revtex
Published: 2013
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35. Phenomenology of Strange Resonances : Constraining the Hadronic Spectrum Through QCD Thermodynamics on the Lattice

Author: Alba, Paolo, Bellwied, Rene, Borsanyi, Szabolcs, Fodor, Zoltan, Günther, Jana, Katz, Sandor D., Sarti, Valentina Mantovani, Noronha-Hostler, Jacquelyn, Parotto, Paolo, Pasztor, Attila, Vazquez, Israel Portillo, Ratti, Claudia, Nagel, Wolfgang E., editor, Kröner, Dietmar H., editor, and Resch, Michael M., editor
Published: 2018
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36. Analysis of Kaon fluctuations from the beam energy scan at RHIC

Author: Ratti, Claudia, Bellwied, Rene, Noronha-Hostler, Jacquelyn, Parotto, Paolo, Portillo Vazquez, Israel, and Stafford, Jamie M.
Published: 2019
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37. Hadron formation in the deconfined matter at RHIC and LHC

Author: Bellwied, Rene
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: We have studied the probability of two succinct particle production mechanisms, likely to occur in the transition from the deconfined medium produced in RHIC and LHC heavy ion collisions back to the hadron gas, which is abundant at lower temperatures. Evidence has been found for in-medium fragmentation of non-equilibrated partons in the deconfined medium as well as bound state formation in the quark-gluon phase itself, as described by lattice QCD . Through the comparison to PNJL model calculations we attempt to quantify an extended phase of mixed degrees of freedom in a temperature range just above the QCD transition temperature. The extracted hadron formation probabilities exhibit flavor and baryon number dependencies, which are experimentally verifiable. We confront the calculations of the non-equilibrium and equilibrium particle production in heavy ion collisions with measurements from RHIC and LHC., Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, Proceedings of the 50th International Winter Meeting on Nuclear Physics, 23-27 January 2012, Bormio, Italy
Published: 2012

38. Phase Transitions in QCD

Author: Ratti, Claudia, primary and Bellwied, Rene, additional
Published: 2020
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39. QCD at Finite Chemical Potential

Author: Ratti, Claudia, primary and Bellwied, Rene, additional
Published: 2020
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40. Are there hadronic bound states above the QCD transition temperature?

Author: Ratti, Claudia, Bellwied, Rene, Cristoforetti, Marco, and Barbaro, Maria
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: Recent lattice QCD calculations, at physical pion masses and small lattice spacings that approach the continuum limit, have revealed that non-diagonal quark correlators above the critical temperature are finite up to about 2 $T_c$. Since the transition from hadronic to free partonic degrees of freedom is merely an analytic cross-over, it is likely that, in the temperature regime between 1-2 $T_c$, quark and gluon quasiparticles and pre-hadronic bound states can coexist. The correlator values, in comparison to PNJL model calculations beyond mean-field, indicate that at least part of the mixed phase resides in color-neutral bound states. A similar effect was postulated for the in-medium fragmentation process, i.e. for partons which do not thermalize with the system and thus constitute the non-equilibrium component of the particle emission spectrum from a deconfined plasma phase. Here, for the first time we investigate the likelihood of forming bound states also in the equilibrated, parton dominated phase above $T_c$ which is described by lattice QCD., Comment: 15 pages, 4 Figures
Published: 2011
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41. ALICE EMCal Physics Performance Report

Author: Bellwied, Rene
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The ALICE detector at the LHC (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) will carry out comprehensive measurements of high energy nucleus-nucleus collisions, in order to study QCD matter under extreme conditions and the phase transtion between con\"ined matter and the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). This report presents our current state of understanding of the Physics Performance of the large acceptance Electromagnetic Calorimeter (EMCal) in the ALICE central detector. The EMCal enhances ALICE's capabilities for jet measurements. The EMCal enables triggering and full reconstruction of high energy jets in ALICE, and augments existing ALICE capabilities to measure high momentum photons and electrons. Combined with ALICE's excellent capabilities to track and identify particles from very low pT to high pT, the EMCal enables a comprehensive study of jet interactions in the medium produced in heavy ion collisions at the LHC., Comment: 150 pages, 116 figures, submitted to the U.S. Department of Energy
Published: 2010

42. Statistical hadronization phenomenology in $K/\pi$ fluctuations at ultra-relativistic energies

Author: Torrieri, Giorgio, Bellwied, Rene, Markert, Christina, and Westfall, Gary
Subjects: Nuclear Theory, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: We discuss the information that can be obtained from an analysis of fluctuations in heavy ion collisions within the context of the statistical model of particle production. We then examine the recently published experimental data on ratio fluctuations, and use it to obtain constraints on the statistical properties (physically relevant ensemble, degree of chemical equilibration, scaling across energies and system sizes) and freeze-out dynamics (amount of reinteraction between chemical and thermal freeze-out) of the system., Comment: Proceedings, SQM2009. Fig. 4, the main results figure, was wrong due to editing mistake, now corrected
Published: 2009
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43. Physics with the ALICE Electromagnetic Calorimeter

Author: Bellwied, Rene
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: I will present physics measurements which are achievable in the ALICE experiment at the LHC through the inclusion of a new electromagnetic calorimeter. I will focus on jet measurements in proton proton and heavy ion collisions. Detailed simulations have been performed on jet reconstruction, jet triggering, heavy flavor jet reconstruction through electron identification, gamma-jet reconstruction and the measurements of identified hadrons and resonances in jets. I will show the physics capabilities which are made possible through the combination of calorimeter information with the other detector components in ALICE., Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures, Proceedings for the 25th Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics, Big Sky, Montana (USA), February 1-8, 2009
Published: 2009

44. Future Experiments in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions

Author: Bellwied, Rene
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The measurements at RHIC have revealed a new state of matter, which needs to be further characterized in order to better understand its implications for the early evolution of the universe and QCD. I will show that, in the near future, complementary key measurements can be performed at RHIC, LHC, and FAIR. I will focus on results than can be obtained using identified particles, a probe which has been the basis for this conference over the past three decades. The sophisticated detectors, built and planned, for all three accelerator facilities enable us to measure leptons, photons, muons as well as hadrons and resonances of all flavors almost equally well, which makes these experiments unprecedented precision tools for the comprehensive understanding of the physics of the early universe., Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, Proceedings for Summary Talk at SQM 2007, Levoca, Slovakia, June 24-29, 2007
Published: 2007
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45. What are the degrees of freedom in the partonic fluid at RHIC ?

Author: Bellwied, Rene
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Recent RHIC data show evidence of multiple hadron production mechanisms in heavy ion collisions compared to simple fragmentation in vacuum. I will review the measurements of collective flow, high momentum quenching, and two particle angular correlations to show that neither thermal production nor string fragmentation can describe the abundances, the angular distributions or the kinematic properties of all hadrons produced at RHIC. The proposed new hadronization mechanisms not only serve as evidence for a deconfined partonic phase of matter, but also for strong coupling of the degrees of freedom in the deconfined phase. I will point out a surprising lack of flavor dependence in these properties at RHIC, though, which might have to lead to further revisions of our understanding of the relevant degrees of freedom in the partonic phase and during the hadronization process., Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, Proceedings for the 4th International Workshop on Critical Point and Deconfinement, GSI, Darmstadt, Germany, July 9-13,2007
Published: 2007

46. Particle production mechanisms from RHIC to LHC

Author: Bellwied, Rene
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: I will review RHIC data with respect to the intriguing possibility that the hadron production mechanism in the produced partonic medium might be different than in vacuum. I will use the measurements of collective features, such as flow and quenching of identified particles, to show that different regions of the particle momentum spectrum are likely populated through different mechanisms, and that the medium seems to play an important role in hadronization. Finally I will address the question whether the different initial conditions achievable in heavy ion collisions at LHC energies, compared to RHIC, might affect the properties of the deconfined quark-gluon phase and its hadronization to baryonic matter., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures. Proceedings for the 23rd Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics, Big Sky (Montana), USA, 11-18 February 2007
Published: 2007

47. Measurement of the low-energy antitriton inelastic cross section

Author: Acharya, Shreyasi, Adamova, Dagmar, Adler, Alexander, Aglieri Rinella, Gianluca, Agnello, Michelangelo, Agrawal, Neelima, Ahammed, Zubayer, Ahmad, Shakeel, Ahn, Sang Un, Ahuja, Ishaan, Akindinov, Alexander, Al-turany, Mohammad, Aleksandrov, Dmitry, Alessandro, Bruno, Alfanda, Haidar Mas'ud, Alfaro Molina, Jose Ruben, Ali, Bushra, Alici, Andrea, Alizadehvandchali, Negin, Alkin, Anton, Alme, Johan, Alocco, Giacomo, Alt, Torsten, Altamura, Anna Rita, Altsybeev, Igor, Anaam, Mustafa, Andrei, Cristian, Andronic, Anton, Anguelov, Venelin, Antinori, Federico, Antonioli, Pietro, Apadula, Nicole, Aphecetche, Laurent Bernard, Appelshaeuser, Harald, Arata, Carolina, Arcelli, Silvia, Aresti, Mauro, Arnaldi, Roberta, Martins Campos Almeida Arneiro, Jhoao Gabriel, Arsene, Ionut Cristian, Arslandok, Mesut, Augustinus, Andre, Averbeck, Ralf Peter, Azmi, Mohd Danish, Baba, Hitoshi, Badala, Angela, Bae, Joonsuk, Baek, Yongwook, Bai, Xiaozhi, Bailhache, Raphaelle Marie, Bailung, Yoshini, Balbino, Alessandro, Baldisseri, Alberto, Balis, Bartosz, Banerjee, Debjani, Banoo, Zarina, Barbera, Roberto, Barile, Francesco, Barioglio, Luca, Barlou, Maria, Barnafoldi, Gergely Gabor, Barnby, Lee Stuart, Ramillien Barret, Valerie, Barreto De Oliveira Campos, Leonardo, Bartels, Clara, Barth, Klaus, Bartsch, Esther, Bastid, Nicole, Basu, Sumit, Batigne, Guillaume, Battistini, Daniel, Batyunya, Boris, Bauri, Dibakar, Bazo Alba, Jose Luis, Bearden, Ian Gardner, Beattie, Caitlin, Becht, Pascal, Behera, Debadatta, Belikov, Iouri, Bell Hechavarria, Ailec, Bellini, Francesca, Bellwied, Rene, Belokurova, Svetlana, Bencedi, Gyula, Beole, Stefania Maria, Bercuci, Alexandru, Berdnikov, Yaroslav, Berdnikova, Anastasia, Bergmann, Luisa, Besoiu, Mihaela Gabriela, Betev, Latchezar, Bhaduri, Partha Pratim, Bhasin, Anju, Bhat, Mohammad Asif, Bhattacharjee, Buddhadeb, Bianchi, Livio, Bianchi, Nicola, Bielcik, Jaroslav, Bielcikova, Jana, Biernat, Jacek Bogumil, Bigot, Alexandre Patrick, Bilandzic, Ante, Biro, Gabor, Biswas, Saikat, Bize, Nicolas Luc, Blair, Justin Thomas, Blau, Dmitry, Blidaru, Mihail Bogdan, Bluhme, Nora, Blume, Christoph, Boca, Gianluigi, Bock, Friederike, Bodova, Tea, Bogdanov, Alexey, Boi, Stefano, Bok, Jeongsu, Boldizsar, Laszlo, Bombara, Marek, Bond, Peter Matthew, Bonomi, Germano, Borel, Herve, Borissov, Alexander, Borquez Carcamo, Andres Gerardo, Bossi, Hannah, Botta, Elena, El Mard Bouziani, Youssef, Bratrud, Lars, Braun-munzinger, Peter, Bregant, Marco, Broz, Michal, Bruno, Giuseppe Eugenio, Buckland, Matthew Daniel, Budnikov, Dmitry, Buesching, Henner, Bufalino, Stefania, Buhler, Paul Alois, Burmasov, Nazar, Buthelezi, Edith Zinhle, Bylinkin, Aleksandr, Bysiak, Sebastian Adam, Cai, Mengke, Caines, Helen Louise, Caliva, Alberto, Calvo Villar, Ernesto, Mejia Camacho, Juan Manuel, Camerini, Paolo, De Moraes Canedo, Fabio, Carabas, Mihai, Amatriain Carballo, Aitor, Carnesecchi, Francesca, Caron, Robin Albert Andre, Abranches De Carvalho, Leopoldo, Castillo Castellanos, Javier Ernesto, Catalano, Fabio, Ceballos Sanchez, Cesar, Chakaberia, Irakli, Chakraborty, Pritam, Chandra, Sinjini, Chapeland, Sylvain, Chartier, Marielle, Chattopadhyay, Subhasis, Chattopadhyay, Sukalyan, Garcia Chavez, Tonatiuh, Cheng, Tiantian, Cheshkov, Cvetan Valeriev, Cheynis, Brigitte, Chibante Barroso, Vasco Miguel, Dobrigkeit Chinellato, David, Chizzali, Emma Sophia, Cho, Jaeyoon, Cho, Soyeon, Chochula, Peter, Christakoglou, Panagiotis, Christensen, Christian Holm, Christiansen, Peter, Chujo, Tatsuya, Ciacco, Mario, Cicalo, Corrado, Cindolo, Federico, Ciupek, Michael Rudolf, Clai, Giulia, Colamaria, Fabio Filippo, Colburn, Jonathan Samuel, Colella, Domenico, Colocci, Manuel, Concas, Matteo, Conesa Balbastre, Gustavo, Conesa Del Valle, Zaida, Contin, Giacomo, Contreras Nuno, Jesus Guillermo, Coquet, Maurice Louis, Cortese, Pietro, Cosentino, Mauro Rogerio, Costa, Filippo, Costanza, Susanna, Cot, Corentin, Crkovska, Jana, Crochet, Philippe, Cruz Torres, Reynier, Cui, Pengyao, Dainese, Andrea, Danisch, Meike Charlotte, Danu, Andrea, Das, Prottay, Das, Prottoy, Das, Supriya, Dash, Archita Rani, Dash, Sadhana, Regules Medel, Hector David, De Caro, Annalisa, De Cataldo, Giacinto, De Cuveland, Jan, De Falco, Alessandro, De Gruttola, Daniele, De Marco, Nora, De Martin, Chiara, De Pasquale, Salvatore, Deb, Rohaan, Deb, Suman, Del Grande, Raffaele, Dello Stritto, Luigi, Deng, Wenjing, Dhankher, Preeti, Di Bari, Domenico, Di Mauro, Antonio, Diab, Batoul, Arteche Diaz, Raul, Dietel, Thomas, Ding, Yanchun, Divia, Roberto, Dixit, Dhruv Utpalkumar, Djuvsland, Oeystein, Dmitrieva, Uliana, Dobrin, Alexandru Florin, Donigus, Benjamin, Dubinski, Jan Michal, Dubla, Andrea, Dudi, Sandeep, Dupieux, Pascal, Durkac, Martin, Dzalaiova, Natalia, Eder, Tabea Maria, Ehlers, Raymond James, III, Eisenhut, Florian, Ejima, Ren, Elia, Domenico, Erazmus, Barbara Ewa, Ercolessi, Francesca, Erhardt, Filip, Ersdal, Magnus Rentsch, Espagnon, Bruno, Eulisse, Giulio, Evans, David, Evdokimov, Sergey, Fabbietti, Laura, Faggin, Mattia, Faivre, Julien, Fan, Feng, Fan, Wenqing, Fantoni, Alessandra, Fasel, Markus, Fecchio, Pietro, Feliciello, Alessandro, Feofilov, Grigorii, Fernandez Tellez, Arturo, Ferrandi De Oliveira, Lucas, Bertran Ferrer, Marta, Ferrero, Andrea, Ferrero, Chiara, Ferretti, Alessandro, Feuillard, Victor Jose Gaston, Filova, Vendulka, Finogeev, Dmitry, Fionda, Fiorella, Flor, Fernando Antonio, Flores, Amanda Nicole, Foertsch, Siegfried Valentin, Fokin, Ilya, Fokin, Sergey, Fragiacomo, Enrico, Frajna, Eszter, Fuchs, Ulrich, Funicello, Nicola, Furget, Christophe, Furs, Artur, Fusayasu, Takahiro, Gaardhoeje, Jens Joergen, Gagliardi, Martino, Gago Medina, Alberto Martin, Gahlaut, Tanu, Duarte Galvan, Carlos, Gangadharan, Dhevan Raja, Ganoti, Paraskevi, Garabatos Cuadrado, Jose Maria, Tavira Garcia, Andrea, Alvarado Garcia, Jesus Ricardo, Garcia-solis, Edmundo Javier, Gargiulo, Corrado, Demmich, Katharina, Gasik, Piotr Jan, Gautam, Amrit, De Leone Gay, Maria Beatriz, Germain, Marie, Ghimouz, Abderrahmane, Ghosh, Chandrasekhar, Giacalone, Marco, Giubellino, Paolo, Giubilato, Piero, Glaenzer, Aude Marie Camille, Glassel, Peter, Glimos, Ewa, Goh, Daniel Jia Qin, Gonzalez Sebastian, Victor Luis, Gorgon, Marek Boguslaw, Goswami, Kangkan, Gotovac, Sven, Grabski, Varlen, Graczykowski, Lukasz Kamil, Grecka, Ekaterina, Grelli, Alessandro, Grigoras, Costin, Grigoryev, Vladislav, Grigoryan, Smbat, Grosa, Fabrizio, Grosse-oetringhaus, Jan Fiete, Grosso, Raffaele, Grund, David, Garcia Guardiano, Gabriel, Guernane, Rachid, Guilbaud, Maxime Rene Joseph, Gulbrandsen, Kristjan Herlache, Gundem, Tuba, Gunji, Taku, Guo, Wenda, Gupta, Anik, Gupta, Ramni, Gupta, Rashi, Paisano Guzman, Sergio, Gwizdziel, Katarzyna, Gyulai, Laszlo, Habib, Michael Karim, Hadjidakis, Cynthia Marie, Haider, Fakhar Ul, Hamagaki, Hideki, Hamdi, Abdennacer, Han, Younghoon, Hanley, Brian Gerald, Hannigan, Ryan Patrick, Hansen, Joachim, Haque, Md Rihan, Harris, John William, Harton, Austin Vincent, Hassan, Hadi, Hatzifotiadou, Despina, Hauer, Philip, Havener, Laura Brittany, Heckel, Stefan Thomas, Hellbar, Ernst, Helstrup, Haavard, Hemmer, Marvin, Herman, Tomas, Herrera Corral, Gerardo Antonio, Herrmann, Florian, Herrmann, Sarah Nina Edwige, Hetland, Kristin Fanebust, Heybeck, Benedict, Hillemanns, Hartmut, Hippolyte, Boris, Hoffmann, Felix Willi, Hofman, Bas, Hong, Geun Hee, Horst, Maximilian, Horzyk, Adrian, Hou, Yongzhen, Hristov, Peter Zahariev, Hughes, Charles, Huhn, Patrick, Huhta, Laura Maria, Humanic, Thomas, Hutson, Alek, Hutter, Dirk, Ilkaev, Radiy, Ilyas, Hira, Inaba, Motoi, Innocenti, Gian Michele, Ippolitov, Mikhail, Isakov, Artem, Isidori, Tommaso, Islam, Md Samsul, Ivanov, Marian, Ivanov, Vladimir, Iversen, Kaare Endrup, Jablonski, Miroslaw, Jacak, Barbara, Jacazio, Nicolo, Jacobs, Peter Martin, Jadlovska, Slavka, Jadlovsky, Jan, Jaelani, Syaefudin, Jahnke, Cristiane, Jakubowska, Monika Joanna, Janik, Malgorzata Anna, Janson, Thomas, Jercic, Marko, Ji, Su-jeong, Jia, Shihai, Paz Jimenez, Alom Antonio, Jonas, Florian, Jones, Daniel Matthew, Jowett, John, Jung, Jerome, Jung, Michael, Junique, Antoine Jean-simon, Jusko, Anton, Kabus, Maja Jadwiga, Kaewjai, Jetnipit, Kalinak, Peter, Kalteyer, Annalena Sophie, Kalweit, Alexander Philipp, Kaplin, Vladimir, Karasu Uysal, Ayben, Karatovic, David, Karavichev, Oleg, Karavicheva, Tatiana, Karczmarczyk, Przemyslaw, Karpechev, Evgeny, Kebschull, Udo Wolfgang, Keidel, Ralf, Keijdener, Darius, Keil, Markus, Ketzer, Bernhard Franz, Khade, Swapnesh Santosh, Khan, Ahsan Mehmood, Khan, Shaista, Khanzadeev, Alexei, Kharlov, Yury, Khatun, Anisa, Khuntia, Arvind, Kidson, Miles Brower, Kileng, Bjarte, Kim, Beomkyu, Kim, Chong, Kim, Dong Jo, Kim, Eun Joo, Kim, Jaehyun, Kim, Jinsook, Kim, Jiyoung, Kim, Junlee, Kim, Minjung, Kim, Se Yong, Kim, Taejun, Kimura, Kento, Kirsch, Stefan, Kisel, Ivan, Kiselev, Sergey, Kisiel, Adam Ryszard, Kitowski, Jacek Pawel, Klay, Jennifer Lynn, Klein, Jochen, Klein, Spencer Robert, Klein-boesing, Christian, Kleiner, Matthias, Klemenz, Thomas, Kluge, Alexander, Knospe, Anders Garritt, Kobdaj, Chinorat, Kollegger, Thorsten Sven, Kondratyev, Andrey, Kondratyeva, Natalia, Kondratyuk, Evgeny, Konig, Joshua Leon, Konigstorfer, Stephan Alexander, Konopka, Piotr Jan, Kornakov Van, Georgui, Koryciak, Sebastian Dominik, Kotliarov, Artem, Kovalenko, Vladimir, Kowalski, Marek, Kozhuharov, Venelin Valeriev, Kralik, Ivan, Kravcakova, Adela, Krcal, Lubos, Krivda, Marian, Krizek, Filip, Krizkova Gajdosova, Katarina, Kroesen, Martin, Kruger, Mario, Krupova, Diana Maria, Kryshen, Evgeny, Kucera, Vit, Kuhn, Christian Claude, Kuijer, Paulus Gerardus, Kumaoka, Takuya, Kumar, Deekshit, Kumar, Lokesh, Kumar, Navneet, Kumar, Shyam, Kundu, Sourav, Kurashvili, Podist, Kurepin, Alexander, Kurepin, Alexey, Kuryakin, Alexey, Kushpil, Svetlana, Kweon, Min Jung, Kwon, Youngil, La Pointe, Sarah Louise, La Rocca, Paola, Lakrathok, Anantachai, Lamanna, Massimo, Langoy, Rune, Larionov, Pavel, Laudi, Elisa, Lautner, Lukas, Lavicka, Roman, Lea, Ramona, Lee, Hyungjun, Legrand, Iosif-charles, Legras, Gauthier, Lehrbach, Johannes, Lelek, Tomasz Marcin, Lemmon, Roy Crawford, Leon Monzon, Ildefonso, Lesch, Marcel Markus, Lesser, Ezra Douglas, Levai, Peter, Li, Xiaomei, Li, Xing Long, Lien, Jorgen Andre, Lietava, Roman, Likmeta, Iris, Lim, Bong-hwi, Lim, Sanghoon, Lindenstruth, Volker, Lindner, Amelia, Lippmann, Christian, Liu, Alwina Ruixin, Liu, Donghai, Liu, Jian, Setoue Liveraro, Gianni Shigeru, Lofnes, Ingrid Mckibben, Loizides, Constantinos, Lokos, Sandor, Lomker, Johanna, Loncar, Petra, Lopez Lopez, Jorge Andres, Lopez, Xavier Bernard, Lopez Torres, Ernesto, Lu, Pengzhong, Luhder, Jens Robert, Lunardon, Marcello, Luparello, Grazia, Ma, Yugang, Mager, Magnus, Maire, Antonin, Makariev, Martin Vasilev, Malaev, Mikhail, Malfattore, Giovanni, Malik, Nasir Mehdi, Malik, Qasim Waheed, Malik, Salman Khurshid, Malinina, Liudmila, Mallick, Dukhishyam, Mallick, Neelkamal, Mandaglio, Giuseppe, Mandal, Sushobhan Kumar, Manko, Vladislav, Manso, Franck, Manzari, Vito, Mao, Yaxian, Marcjan, Robert Waclaw, Margagliotti, Giacomo Vito, Margotti, Anselmo, Marin, Ana Maria, Markert, Christina, Martinengo, Paolo, Martinez Hernandez, Mario Ivan, Martinez-garcia, Gines, Martins Palhares, Maria Paula, Masciocchi, Silvia, Masera, Massimo, Masoni, Alberto, Massacrier, Laure Marie, Mastroserio, Annalisa, Matonoha, Oliver, Mattiazzo, Serena, Toledo Matuoka, Paula Fernanda, Matyja, Adam Tomasz, Mayer, Christoph, Lafuente Mazuecos, Antonio, Mazzaschi, Francesco, Mazzilli, Marianna, Mdhluli, Joyful Elma, Mechler, Adrian Florin, Melikyan, Yury, Menchaca-rocha, Arturo Alejandro, Meninno, Elisa, Sasikumar Menon, Anjaly, Meres, Michal, Mhlanga, Sibaliso, Miake, Yasuo, Micheletti, Luca, Migliorin, Lucrezia Camilla, Mihaylov, Dimitar Lubomirov, Mikhaylov, Konstantin, Mishra, Aditya Nath, Miskowiec, Dariusz Czeslaw, Modak, Abhi, Mohanty, Auro Prasad, Mohanty, Bedangadas, Khan, Mohammed Mohisin, Molander, Mikael Andreas, Monira, Shirajum, Moravcova, Zuzana, Mordasini, Cindy, Moreira De Godoy, Denise Aparecida, Morozov, Igor, Morsch, Andreas, Mrnjavac, Teo, Muccifora, Valeria, Muhuri, Sanjib, Mulligan, James Declan, Mulliri, Alice, Gameiro Munhoz, Marcelo, Munzer, Robert Helmut, Murakami, Hikari, Murray, Sean, Musa, Luciano, Musinsky, Jan, Myrcha, Julian Wojciech, Naik, Bharati, Nambrath, Anjali Ila, Nandi, Basanta Kumar, Nania, Rosario, Nappi, Eugenio, Nassirpour, Adrian Fereydon, Nath, Abhishek, Nattrass, Christine, Naydenov, Momchil Nikolaev, Neagu, Alexandra, Negru, Adrian-eduard, Nellen, Lukas, Nepeivoda, Roman, Nese, Sigurd, Neskovic, Gvozden, Nielsen, Borge Svane, Nielsen, Emil Gorm, Nikolaev, Sergey, Nikulin, Sergey, Nikulin, Vladimir, Noferini, Francesco, Noh, Seoyoung, Nomokonov, Petr, Norman, Jaime, Novitzky, Norbert, Nowakowski, Piotr, Nyanin, Alexander, Nystrand, Joakim Ingemar, Ogino, Masanori, Oh, Saehanseul, Ohlson, Alice Elisabeth, Okorokov, Vitaly, Oleniacz, Janusz, Oliveira Da Silva, Antonio Carlos, Oliver, Michael Henry, Onnerstad, Anna, Oppedisano, Chiara, Ortiz Velasquez, Antonio, Otwinowski, Jacek Tomasz, Oya, Motomi, Oyama, Ken, Pachmayer, Yvonne Chiara, Padhan, Sonali, Pagano, Davide, Paic, Guy, Palasciano, Antonio, Panebianco, Stefano, Park, Hanseo, Park, Hyebin, Park, Jonghan, Parkkila, Jasper Elias, Patley, Yash, Patra, Rajendra Nath, Paul, Biswarup, Pei, Hua, Peitzmann, Thomas, Peng, Xinye, Pennisi, Michele, Peresunko, Dmitry Yurevich, Mesa Perez, Guillermo, Pestov, Yury, Petrov, Vitalii, Petrovici, Mihai, Peretti Pezzi, Rafael, Piano, Stefano, Pikna, Miroslav, Pillot, Philippe, Pinazza, Ombretta, Pinsky, Lawrence, Pinto, Chiara, Pisano, Silvia, Ploskon, Mateusz Andrzej, Planinic, Mirko, Pliquett, Fabian, Poghosyan, Martin, Polishchuk, Boris, Politano, Stefano, Poljak, Nikola, Pop, Amalia, Porteboeuf, Sarah Julie, Pozdniakov, Valeriy, Yoval Pozos, Irandheny, Pradhan, Kshitish Kumar, Prasad, Sidharth Kumar, Prasad, Suraj, Preghenella, Roberto, Prino, Francesco, Pruneau, Claude Andre, Pshenichnov, Igor, Puccio, Maximiliano, Pucillo, Sara, Pugelova, Zuzana, Qiu, Shi, Quaglia, Luca, Quishpe Quishpe, Raquel Estefania, Ragoni, Simone, Rakotozafindrabe, Andry Malala, Ramello, Luciano, Rami, Fouad, Rodriguez Ramirez, Saul Anibal, Rancien, Thibaut Albert, Rasa, Marika, Rasanen, Sami Sakari, Rath, Rutuparna, Rauch, Max Philip, Ravasenga, Ivan, Read, Kenneth Francis, Reckziegel, Christian, Redelbach, Andreas Ralph, Redlich, Krzysztof, Reetz, Carolina Anna, Rehman, Attiq Ur, Reidt, Felix, Reme-ness, Haakon Andre, Jakubcinova, Zuzana, Reygers, Klaus Johannes, Riabov, Andrei, Riabov, Viktor, Ricci, Riccardo, Richter, Matthias Rudolph, Riedel, Anton Albert, Riegler, Werner, Ristea, Catalin-lucian, Viqueira Rodriguez, Manuel, Rodriguez Cahuantzi, Mario, Roeed, Ketil, Rogalev, Roman, Rogochaya, Elena, Rogoschinski, Tim Sebastian, Rohr, David Michael, Roehrich, Dieter, Fierro Rojas, Pablo, Rojas Torres, Solangel, Rokita, Przemyslaw Stefan, Romanenko, Gleb, Ronchetti, Federico, Rosano, Antonina, Dominguez Rosas, Edgar, Roslon, Krystian, Rossi, Andrea, Roy, Ankhi, Roy, Subhadeep, Rubini, Nicola, Vazquez Rueda, Omar, Ruggiano, Daniela, Rui, Rinaldo, Russek, Pawel Grzegorz, Russo, Roberto, Rustamov, Anar, Ryabinkin, Evgeny, Ryabov, Yury, Rybicki, Andrzej, Rytkonen, Heidi Maria, Ryu, Jaehyeok, Rzesa, Wioleta, Saarimaki, Oskari Antti Matti, Sadek, Rita, Sadhu, Samrangy, Sadovskiy, Sergey, Saetre, Jon-are, Safarik, Karel, Saha, Pallabi, Saha, Sumit Kumar, Saha, Swati, Sahoo, Baidyanath, Sahoo, Bhagyarathi, Sahoo, Raghunath, Sahoo, Sarita, Sahu, Dushmanta, Sahu, Pradip Kumar, Saini, Jogender, Tropp, Klaudia, Sakai, Shingo, Panikkassery Salvan, Malavika, Sambyal, Sanjeev Singh, Samitz, Daniel, Sanna, Isabella, Badaro Saramela, Thiago, Sarkar, Debojit, Sarkar, Nachiketa, Sarma, Pranjal, Sarritzu, Valerio, Mantovani Sarti, Valentina, Sas, Mike, Schambach, Johann Joachim, Scheid, Horst Sebastian, Schiaua, Claudiu Cornel, Schicker, Rainer Martin, Schmah, Alexander, Schmidt, Christian Joachim, Schmidt, Hans Rudolf, Schmidt, Marten Ole, Schmidt, Martin, Schmidt, Nicolas, Schmier, Austin Robert, Schotter, Romain, Schroter, Alexander, Schukraft, Jurgen, Schweda, Kai Oliver, Scioli, Gilda, Scomparin, Enrico, Seger, Janet Elizabeth, Sekiguchi, Yuko, Sekihata, Daiki, Selina, Mariia, Selyuzhenkov, Ilya, Senyukov, Serhiy, Seo, Jin Joo, Serebryakov, Dmitry, Serksnyte, Laura, Sevcenco, Adrian, Shaba, Tebogo Joyce, Shabetai, Alexandre, Shahoyan, Ruben, Shangaraev, Artem, Sharma, Anjali, Sharma, Binti, Sharma, Deependra, Sharma, Himanshu, Sharma, Meenakshi, Sharma, Samarth, Sharma, Sheetal, Sharma, Upasana, Shatat, Afnan, Sheibani, Oveis, Shigaki, Kenta, Hachiya Shimomura, Maya, Shin, Jaehyuck, Shirinkin, Sergey, Shou, Qiye, Sibiryak, Yury, Siddhanta, Sabyasachi, Siemiarczuk, Teodor, Fiorini Da Silva, Tiago, Silvermyr, David Olle Rickard, Simantathammakul, Tawanchat, Simeonov, Radoslav, Singh, Balwan, Singh, Bhawani, Singh, Kamaljeet, Singh, Ranbir, Singh, Randhir, Singh, Ravindra, Singh, Sweta, Singh, Vivek, Singhal, Vikas, Sarkar - Sinha, Tinku, Sitar, Branislav, Sitta, Mario, Skaali, Bernhard, Skorodumovs, Georgijs, Slupecki, Maciej, Smirnov, Nikolai, Snellings, Raimond, Solheim, Emilie Haugland, Song, Jihye, Songmoolnak, Arnon, Sonnabend, Christian, Soramel, Francesca, Soto-hernandez, Analyce Bella, Spijkers, Rik, Sputowska, Iwona Anna, Staa, Joey, Stachel, Johanna, Stan, Ionel, Steffanic, Patrick John, Stiefelmaier, Stephan Friedrich, Stocco, Diego, Storehaug, Ida, Stratmann, Peter, Strazzi, Sofia, Pliatskas Stylianidis, Christos, Alarcon Do Passo Suaide, Alexandre, Suire, Christophe Pierre, Sukhanov, Mikhail, Suljic, Miljenko, Sultanov, Rishat, Sumberia, Vikash, Sumowidagdo, Suharyo, Swain, Sagarika, Szarka, Imrich, Szymkowski, Maciej, Taghavi, Seyed Farid, Taillepied, Guillaume, Takahashi, Jun, Tambave, Ganesh Jagannath, Tang, Siyu, Tang, Zebo, Tapia Takaki, Daniel Jesus, Tapus, Nicolae, Tarasovicova, Lucia Anna, Tarzila, Madalina-gabriela, Tassielli, Giovanni Francesco, Tauro, Arturo, Tejeda Munoz, Guillermo, Telesca, Adriana, Terlizzi, Livia, Terrevoli, Cristina, Thakur, Sanchari, Thomas, Deepa, Tikhonov, Anatoly, Timmins, Anthony Robert, Tkacik, Milan, Tkacik, Tomas, Toia, Alberica, Tokumoto, Ryoka, Tomohiro, Keisuke, Topilskaya, Nataliya, Toppi, Marco, Tork, Theraa M.A., Valencia Torres, Victor, Torres Ramos, Arianna Grisel, Trifiro, Antonio, Triolo, Andrea Sofia, Tripathy, Sushanta, Tripathy, Tulika, Trogolo, Stefano, Trubnikov, Victor, Trzaska, Wladyslaw Henryk, Trzcinski, Tomasz Piotr, Tumkin, Alexandr, Turrisi, Rosario, Tveter, Trine Spedstad, Ullaland, Kjetil, Ulukutlu, Berkin, Uras, Antonio, Urioni, Marta, Usai, Gianluca, Vala, Martin, Valle, Nicolo, Van Doremalen, Lennart, Van Leeuwen, Marco, Van Veen, Casper Arie, Van Weelden, Roelof Jan Gijs, Vande Vyvre, Pierre, Varga, Dezso, Varga, Zoltan, Vasileiou, Maria, Vasiliev, Andrey, Vazquez Doce, Oton, Vechernin, Vladimir, Vercellin, Ermanno, Vergara Limon, Sergio, Verma, Rahul, Vermunt, Lucas Anne, Vertesi, Robert, Verweij, Marta, Vickovic, Linda, Vilakazi, Zabulon, Villalobos Baillie, Orlando, Villani, Anna, Vino, Gioacchino, Vinogradov, Alexander, Virgili, Tiziano, Virta, Maxim Mikael Olavi, Vislavicius, Vytautas, Vodopyanov, Alexander, Voelkel, Benedikt, Volkl, Martin Andreas, Voloshin, Kirill, Voloshin, Sergey, Volpe, Giacomo, Von Haller, Barthelemy, Vorobyev, Ivan, Vozniuk, Nikita, Vrlakova, Janka, Wan, Jie, Wang, Chunzheng, Wang, Dongfang, Wang, Yuanzhe, Wang, Yubiao, Wegrzynek, Adam Tadeusz, Weiglhofer, Felix Thomas, Wenzel, Sandro Christian, Wessels, Johannes Peter, Weyhmiller, Sierra Lisa, Wiechula, Jens, Wikne, Jon, Wilk, Grzegorz Andrzej, Wilkinson, Jeremy John, Willems, Guido Alexander, Windelband, Bernd Stefan, Winn, Michael Andreas, Wright, Josephina Rae, Wu, Wenya, Wu, Yitao, Xu, Ran, Yadav, Ankur, Yadav, Arun Kumar, Yalcin Kuzu, Serpil, Yamaguchi, Yorito, Yang, Shiming, Yano, Satoshi, Yin, Zhongbao, Yoo, In Kwon, Yoon, Jin Hee, Yu, Hyeonjin, Yuan, Shiming, Yuncu, Alperen, Zaccolo, Valentina, Zampolli, Chiara, Zanone, Federica, Zardoshti, Nima, Zarochentsev, Andrey, Zavada, Petr, Zavyalov, Nikolay, Zhalov, Mikhail, Zhang, Biao, Zhang, Chi, Zhang, Liuyao, Zhang, Song, Zhang, Xiaoming, Zhang, Yifei, Zhang, Zhen, Zhao, Mingrui, Zherebchevskii, Vladimir, Yu, Zhi, Zhou, Daicui, Zhou, You, Zhu, Jianhui, Zhu, Ya, Zugravel, Stefan Cristi, Zurlo, Nicola, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ALICE
Subjects: isospin, dependence, nucleus, interaction, nucleon, FOS: Physical sciences, GeV, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], antinucleus, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), ALICE, propagation, GEANT, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], TeV, Nuclear Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: In this Letter, the first measurement of the inelastic cross section for antitriton$-$nucleus interactions is reported, covering the momentum range of $0.8 \leq p < 2.4$ GeV/$c$. The measurement is carried out using data recorded with the ALICE detector in pp and Pb$-$Pb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon of 13 TeV and 5.02 TeV, respectively. The detector material serves as an absorber for antitriton nuclei. The raw yield of (anti)triton nuclei measured with the ALICE apparatus is compared to the results from detailed ALICE simulations based on the GEANT4 toolkit for the propagation of (anti)particles through matter, allowing one to quantify the inelastic interaction probability in the detector material. This analysis complements the measurement of the inelastic cross section of antinuclei up to $A=3$ carried out by the ALICE Collaboration, and demonstrates the feasibility of the study of the isospin dependence of inelastic interaction cross section with the analysis techniques presented in this Letter., 20 pages, 2 captioned figures, authors from page 14, submitted to PLB, figures at http://alice-publications.web.cern.ch/node/9480
Published: 2023

48. STAR results from the first RHIC year

Author: Bellwied, Rene
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: An overview is presented of the results of the STAR experiment from the analysis of Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}} = 130$ GeV acquired during the first year of RHIC operation. The transverse momentum distribution of negative hadrons has been studied out to 6 GeV/$c$ in central Au+Au collisions and elliptic flow measurements out to 4.5 GeV/$c$ in non-central collisions. This allows us to study hard processes and potentially effects of nuclear matter on parton propagation. Soft processes, which dominate particle production below around 2 GeV/$c$, have also been studied through the identified spectra of kaons, $\bar{p}$, and strange baryons., Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures in eps. talk given at XXXI International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics, Sep. 1-7, 2001, Datong China see http://ismd31.ccnu.edu.cn/
Published: 2001
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49. Is Strangeness still interesting at RHIC ?

Author: Bellwied, Rene
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: With the advent of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Heavy Ion Physics will enter a new energy regime. The question is whether the signatures proposed for the discovery of a phase transition from hadronic matter to a Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP), that were established on the basis of collisions at the BEVALAC, the AGS, and the SPS, respectively, are still useful and detectable at these high incident energies. In the past two decades, measurements related to strangeness formation in the collision were advocated as potential signatures and were tested in numerous fixed target experiments at the AGS and the SPS. In this article I will review the capabilities of the RHIC detectors to measure various aspects of strangeness, and I will try to answer the question whether the information content of those measurements is comparable to the one at lower energies., Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, Invited Talk at the IV International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter, Padova (Italy), July 20-24, 1998
Published: 1998
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50. Accessing the strong interaction between $\Lambda$ baryons and charged kaons with the femtoscopy technique at the LHC

Author: Acharya, Shreyasi, Adamova, Dagmar, Adler, Alexander, Aglieri Rinella, Gianluca, Agnello, Michelangelo, Agrawal, Neelima, Ahammed, Zubayer, Ahmad, Shakeel, Ahn, Sang Un, Ahuja, Ishaan, Akindinov, Alexander, Al-turany, Mohammad, Aleksandrov, Dmitry, Alessandro, Bruno, Alfanda, Haidar Mas'ud, Alfaro Molina, Jose Ruben, Ali, Bushra, Alici, Andrea, Alizadehvandchali, Negin, Alkin, Anton, Alme, Johan, Alocco, Giacomo, Alt, Torsten, Altamura, Anna Rita, Altsybeev, Igor, Anaam, Mustafa, Andrei, Cristian, Andronic, Anton, Anguelov, Venelin, Antinori, Federico, Antonioli, Pietro, Apadula, Nicole, Aphecetche, Laurent Bernard, Appelshaeuser, Harald, Arata, Carolina, Arcelli, Silvia, Aresti, Mauro, Arnaldi, Roberta, Martins Campos Almeida Arneiro, Jhoao Gabriel, Arsene, Ionut Cristian, Arslandok, Mesut, Augustinus, Andre, Averbeck, Ralf Peter, Azmi, Mohd Danish, Baba, Hitoshi, Badala, Angela, Bae, Joonsuk, Baek, Yongwook, Bai, Xiaozhi, Bailhache, Raphaelle Marie, Bailung, Yoshini, Balbino, Alessandro, Baldisseri, Alberto, Balis, Bartosz, Banerjee, Debjani, Banoo, Zarina, Barbera, Roberto, Barile, Francesco, Barioglio, Luca, Barlou, Maria, Barnafoldi, Gergely Gabor, Barnby, Lee Stuart, Ramillien Barret, Valerie, Barreto De Oliveira Campos, Leonardo, Bartels, Clara, Barth, Klaus, Bartsch, Esther, Bastid, Nicole, Basu, Sumit, Batigne, Guillaume, Battistini, Daniel, Batyunya, Boris, Bauri, Dibakar, Bazo Alba, Jose Luis, Bearden, Ian Gardner, Beattie, Caitlin, Becht, Pascal, Behera, Debadatta, Belikov, Iouri, Bell Hechavarria, Ailec, Bellini, Francesca, Bellwied, Rene, Belokurova, Svetlana, Bencedi, Gyula, Beole, Stefania Maria, Bercuci, Alexandru, Berdnikov, Yaroslav, Berdnikova, Anastasia, Bergmann, Luisa, Besoiu, Mihaela Gabriela, Betev, Latchezar, Bhaduri, Partha Pratim, Bhasin, Anju, Bhat, Mohammad Asif, Bhattacharjee, Buddhadeb, Bianchi, Livio, Bianchi, Nicola, Bielcik, Jaroslav, Bielcikova, Jana, Biernat, Jacek Bogumil, Bigot, Alexandre Patrick, Bilandzic, Ante, Biro, Gabor, Biswas, Saikat, Bize, Nicolas Luc, Blair, Justin Thomas, Blau, Dmitry, Blidaru, Mihail Bogdan, Bluhme, Nora, Blume, Christoph, Boca, Gianluigi, Bock, Friederike, Bodova, Tea, Bogdanov, Alexey, Boi, Stefano, Bok, Jeongsu, Boldizsar, Laszlo, Bombara, Marek, Bond, Peter Matthew, Bonomi, Germano, Borel, Herve, Borissov, Alexander, Borquez Carcamo, Andres Gerardo, Bossi, Hannah, Botta, Elena, El Mard Bouziani, Youssef, Bratrud, Lars, Braun-munzinger, Peter, Bregant, Marco, Broz, Michal, Bruno, Giuseppe Eugenio, Buckland, Matthew Daniel, Budnikov, Dmitry, Buesching, Henner, Bufalino, Stefania, Buhler, Paul Alois, Burmasov, Nazar, Buthelezi, Edith Zinhle, Bylinkin, Aleksandr, Bysiak, Sebastian Adam, Cai, Mengke, Caines, Helen Louise, Caliva, Alberto, Calvo Villar, Ernesto, Mejia Camacho, Juan Manuel, Camerini, Paolo, De Moraes Canedo, Fabio, Carabas, Mihai, Amatriain Carballo, Aitor, Carnesecchi, Francesca, Caron, Robin Albert Andre, Abranches De Carvalho, Leopoldo, Castillo Castellanos, Javier Ernesto, Catalano, Fabio, Ceballos Sanchez, Cesar, Chakaberia, Irakli, Chakraborty, Pritam, Chandra, Sinjini, Chapeland, Sylvain, Chartier, Marielle, Chattopadhyay, Subhasis, Chattopadhyay, Sukalyan, Garcia Chavez, Tonatiuh, Cheng, Tiantian, Cheshkov, Cvetan Valeriev, Cheynis, Brigitte, Chibante Barroso, Vasco Miguel, Dobrigkeit Chinellato, David, Chizzali, Emma Sophia, Cho, Jaeyoon, Cho, Soyeon, Chochula, Peter, Christakoglou, Panagiotis, Christensen, Christian Holm, Christiansen, Peter, Chujo, Tatsuya, Ciacco, Mario, Cicalo, Corrado, Cindolo, Federico, Ciupek, Michael Rudolf, Clai, Giulia, Colamaria, Fabio Filippo, Colburn, Jonathan Samuel, Colella, Domenico, Colocci, Manuel, Conesa Balbastre, Gustavo, Conesa Del Valle, Zaida, Contin, Giacomo, Contreras Nuno, Jesus Guillermo, Coquet, Maurice Louis, Cortese, Pietro, Cosentino, Mauro Rogerio, Costa, Filippo, Costanza, Susanna, Cot, Corentin, Crkovska, Jana, Crochet, Philippe, Cruz Torres, Reynier, Cui, Pengyao, Dainese, Andrea, Danisch, Meike Charlotte, Danu, Andrea, Das, Prottay, Das, Prottoy, Das, Supriya, Dash, Archita Rani, Dash, Sadhana, Regules Medel, Hector David, De Caro, Annalisa, De Cataldo, Giacinto, De Cuveland, Jan, De Falco, Alessandro, De Gruttola, Daniele, De Marco, Nora, De Martin, Chiara, De Pasquale, Salvatore, Deb, Rohaan, Deb, Suman, Del Grande, Raffaele, Dello Stritto, Luigi, Deng, Wenjing, Dhankher, Preeti, Di Bari, Domenico, Di Mauro, Antonio, Diab, Batoul, Arteche Diaz, Raul, Dietel, Thomas, Ding, Yanchun, Divia, Roberto, Dixit, Dhruv Utpalkumar, Djuvsland, Oeystein, Dmitrieva, Uliana, Dobrin, Alexandru Florin, Donigus, Benjamin, Dubinski, Jan Michal, Dubla, Andrea, Dudi, Sandeep, Dupieux, Pascal, Durkac, Martin, Dzalaiova, Natalia, Eder, Tabea Maria, Ehlers, Raymond James, III, Eisenhut, Florian, Ejima, Ren, Elia, Domenico, Erazmus, Barbara Ewa, Ercolessi, Francesca, Erhardt, Filip, Ersdal, Magnus Rentsch, Espagnon, Bruno, Eulisse, Giulio, Evans, David, Evdokimov, Sergey, Fabbietti, Laura, Faggin, Mattia, Faivre, Julien, Fan, Feng, Fan, Wenqing, Fantoni, Alessandra, Fasel, Markus, Fecchio, Pietro, Feliciello, Alessandro, Feofilov, Grigorii, Fernandez Tellez, Arturo, Ferrandi De Oliveira, Lucas, Bertran Ferrer, Marta, Ferrero, Andrea, Ferrero, Chiara, Ferretti, Alessandro, Feuillard, Victor Jose Gaston, Filova, Vendulka, Finogeev, Dmitry, Fionda, Fiorella, Flor, Fernando Antonio, Flores, Amanda Nicole, Foertsch, Siegfried Valentin, Fokin, Ilya, Fokin, Sergey, Fragiacomo, Enrico, Frajna, Eszter, Fuchs, Ulrich, Funicello, Nicola, Furget, Christophe, Furs, Artur, Fusayasu, Takahiro, Gaardhoeje, Jens Joergen, Gagliardi, Martino, Gago Medina, Alberto Martin, Gahlaut, Tanu, Duarte Galvan, Carlos, Gangadharan, Dhevan Raja, Ganoti, Paraskevi, Garabatos Cuadrado, Jose Maria, Tavira Garcia, Andrea, Alvarado Garcia, Jesus Ricardo, Garcia-solis, Edmundo Javier, Gargiulo, Corrado, Demmich, Katharina, Gasik, Piotr Jan, Gautam, Amrit, De Leone Gay, Maria 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Kumar, Yalcin Kuzu, Serpil, Yamaguchi, Yorito, Yang, Shiming, Yano, Satoshi, Yin, Zhongbao, Yoo, In Kwon, Yoon, Jin Hee, Yu, Hyeonjin, Yuan, Shiming, Yuncu, Alperen, Zaccolo, Valentina, Zampolli, Chiara, Zanone, Federica, Zardoshti, Nima, Zarochentsev, Andrey, Zavada, Petr, Zavyalov, Nikolay, Zhalov, Mikhail, Zhang, Biao, Zhang, Chi, Zhang, Liuyao, Zhang, Song, Zhang, Xiaoming, Zhang, Yifei, Zhang, Zhen, Zhao, Mingrui, Zherebchevskii, Vladimir, Yu, Zhi, Zhou, Daicui, Zhou, You, Zhu, Jianhui, Zhu, Ya, Zugravel, Stefan Cristi, Zurlo, Nicola, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ALICE
Subjects: strong interaction, p p, scattering, tension, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], High Energy Physics - Experiment, baryon, energy, low, CERN LHC Coll, strangeness, ALICE, correlation, strong coupling, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], TeV, Nuclear Physics - Experiment, correlation function, structure, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The interaction between $\Lambda$ baryons and kaons/antikaons is a crucial ingredient for the strangeness $S=0$ and $S=-2$ sector of the meson--baryon interaction at low energies. In particular, the $\Lambda{\mathrm{\overline{K}}}$ might help in understanding the origin of states such as the $\Xi\mathrm{(1620)}$, whose nature and properties are still under debate. Experimental data on $\Lambda$$-$${\mathrm{K}}$ and $\Lambda$$-$${\mathrm{\overline{K}}}$ systems are scarce, leading to large uncertainties and tension between the available theoretical predictions constrained by such data. In this Letter we present the measurements of $\Lambda$$-$K$^+\oplus \overline{\Lambda}$$-$K$^-$ and $\Lambda$$-$K$^-\oplus \overline{\Lambda}$$-$K$^+$ correlations obtained in the high-multiplicity triggered data sample in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV recorded by ALICE at the LHC. The correlation function for both pairs is modeled using the Lednicky$-$Lyuboshits analytical formula and the corresponding scattering parameters are extracted. The $\Lambda$$-$K$^-\oplus \overline{\Lambda}$$-$K$^+$ correlations show the presence of several structures at relative momenta $k^*$ above 200 MeV/$c$, compatible with the $\Omega$ baryon, the $\Xi\mathrm{(1690)}$, and $\Xi\mathrm{(1820)}$ resonances decaying into $\Lambda$$-$K$^-$ pairs. The low $k^*$ region in the $\Lambda$$-$K$^-\oplus \overline{\Lambda}$$-$K$^+$ also exhibits the presence of the $\Xi\mathrm{(1620)}$ state, expected to strongly couple to the measured pair. The presented data allow to access the $\Lambda$K$^+$ and $\Lambda$K$^-$ strong interaction with an unprecedented precision and deliver the first experimental observation of the $\Xi\mathrm{(1620)}$ decaying into $\Lambda$K$^-$., Comment: 23 pages, 4 captioned figures, 1 table, authors from page 18, fix in author list, submitted to PLB, figures at http://alice-publications.web.cern.ch/node/9352
Published: 2023

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