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Boletzkyola gen. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: AA294852-E5A5-40E6-A8F4-288A22290823 Figs 10���11 (the generic name used in the captions is the former one) Type species Sepiola knudseni Adam, 1984, here designated. Diagnosis Sepiolinae with fins rounded; their length about half mantle length. Suckers biseriate on all arms. Tentacle club suckers in 8 longitudinal rows. Mantle-head occipital band narrow (not reaching over the ocular globes). A single cordiform photophore on ventral surface of ink sac. Ventral mantle margin slightly sinuate, without any deep funnel indentation. Hectocotylus (male left arm I) tripartite: basal part with one incomplete transverse row of suckers (only the ventral one is present); copulatory apparatus with three ventral modified suckerless pedicels enlarged and lengthened into thick, bluntly pointed horn-like structures; distal part with several suckers missing proximally in ventral row and four enlarged suckers in dorsal row. Female bursa copulatrix pouch-like with wide opening. Included species Boletzkyola knudseni (Adam, 1984) gen. et comb. nov. Etymology This genus is named in honour of Sigurd von Boletzky (formerly Observatoire Arago / CNRS, Banyulssur-Mer, France; presently retired) for his outstanding contribution to the study of cephalopods, including Sepiolinae, and to the enhancement of Mediterranean teuthology; it is formed by his family name and the diminutive suffix - ola. Gender feminine. Discussion of affinities Boletzkyola gen. nov. differs from all other genera and species-groups in Sepiolinae because of its unique cordiform visceral light organ (different from that of Rondeletiola; see below). It differs from all genera with a copulatory apparatus involving dorsal modified pedicels. As for the other species sharing the character state ���only ventral modified pedicels in the copulatory apparatus���, i.e., all nominal Euprymna species, the modified ventral pedicels of Boletzkyola gen. nov. display a modification (thick horn-like instead of papilla-like) and, more importantly, its hectocotylus distal part suckers are carried by regular pedicels (i.e., not columnar). The affinity with Rondeletiola, fostered by the presence of similar visceral light organs, is just apparent. In fact, those organs are quite different from each other (see Remarks in the description of Group C hectocotylus). Furthermore, the copulatory apparatus and the bursa copulatrix of this genus differ completely from those of Rondeletiola. Remarks The hectocotylus of Boletzkyola gen. nov. is the least modified among Sepiolinae, hence may be primitive. In addition, the morphology of its visceral light organ may reflect incomplete development of the two-kidney-shaped arrangement that is typical of the subfamily. Both traits, as well as the small body size of Boletzkyola knudseni gen. et comb. nov. ��� seemingly the smallest among Sepiolinae: males mature at 8.5 mm mantle length ��� suggests that the evolution of this species might have been fostered by heterochronic development., Published as part of Bello, Giambattista, 2020, Evolution of the hectocotylus in Sepiolinae (Cephalopoda: Sepiolidae) and description of four new genera, pp. 1-53 in European Journal of Taxonomy 655 on pages 37-38, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.655, http://zenodo.org/record/3888797

Adinaefiola gen. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D156F532-3035-4FF0-AA5D-3FF6F39D5531 Figs 14���15 (the generic name used in the captions is the former one) Type species Sepiola ligulata Naef, 1912, here designated. Diagnosis Sepiolinae with fins rounded; their length about half mantle length. Suckers biseriate on all arms. Tentacle club suckers in 8 longitudinal rows. Mantle-head occipital band narrow (not reaching over the ocular globes). A pair of kidney-shaped photophores on ventral surface of ink sac. Gladius present, reduced. Ventral mantle margin with deep funnel indentation and markedly sinuate margin. Hectocotylus (male left arm I) tripartite: basal part either with three suckers, two ventral and one dorsal, or two ventral suckers only; copulatory apparatus with modified suckerless pedicels: two ventral pedicels horn- or tubercle-like, two dorsal pedicels separate from ventral ones, fused with each other and distally directed between the two rows of suckers of distal part, additional dorsal pedicels projecting toward right arm I; distal part with some enlarged suckers in either ventral or both rows. Female bursa copulatrix roughly ear-shaped, devoid of cover. Included species Adinaefiola ligulata (Naef, 1912) gen. et comb. nov., A. aurantiaca (Jatta, 1896) gen. et comb. nov. and A. pfefferi (Grimpe, 1921) gen. et comb. nov. Etymology This generic name is created to honour the memory of Adolf Naef (1883���1949), founder of modern teuthology and a major scholar of Sepiolinae; it derives from the combination of Adi, the name that the scientist was called by his family members, with surname, Naef, and the diminutive suffix - iola. Gender feminine. Discussion of affinities Adinaefiola gen. nov. fits in the clade of NE Atlantic-Mediterranean Sepiolinae, characterized by the open-type bursa copulatrix and the extant, though reduced, gladius. Its affinities with Sepiola, as understood here, are mainly limited to the same type of light organs, kidney-shaped, and the same type of bursa copulatrix, character state shared by all NE Atlantic-Mediterranean Sepiolinae (Rondeletiola, Sepietta and Sepiola). It differs from Sepiola (the genus in which its species were previously placed) in that the modified sucker pedicels in the dorsal row of the copulatory apparatus are separate from the ventral ones. Moreover, the ventral mantle margin is indented and enlarged suckers are also present in the ventral row of the hectocotylus distal part, whereas neither of these two character states occurs in Sepiola s.s. Remarks Adinaefiola gen. nov. is established to accommodate the species ligulata, aurantiaca and pfefferi, which should be removed from Sepiola because of their sound differences from the true members of that genus (see above). Adinaefiola aurantiaca gen. et comb. nov. and A. pfefferi gen. et comb. nov. are clearly sister species ��� the former Mediterranean and the latter from the NE Atlantic (Goud & de Heij 2012) ��� both of which ostensibly differ from A. ligulata gen. et comb. nov. Nevertheless, the three species in this new genus, in addition to the symplesiomorphic character state ���dorsal pedicels of copulatory apparatus separate from ventral pedicels���, share a few synapomorphies: the 2 nd and 3 rd modified dorsal pedicels of the hectocotylus are fused with each other and protruding in the middle of the arm; additional modified dorsal pedicels in the copulatory apparatus are separate from the first two, and are mesially directed; and the ventral mantle margin has a deep funnel indentation. In turn, A. aurantiaca and A. pfefferi have a unique muscular ridge projecting laterally from the hectocotylus basal part, which ends in a toothlike structure merging with the ventral pedicels of the copulatory apparatus; this is a synapomorphic character state of the two species., Published as part of Bello, Giambattista, 2020, Evolution of the hectocotylus in Sepiolinae (Cephalopoda: Sepiolidae) and description of four new genera, pp. 1-53 in European Journal of Taxonomy 655 on pages 36-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.655, http://zenodo.org/record/3888797

Lusepiola gen. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1520B148-44E4-4B35-9BA1-8F7C91086E18 Figs 8A, 13 (the generic name used in the captions is the former one) Type species Sepiola birostrata Sasaki, 1918, here designated. Diagnosis Sepiolinae with fins rounded with large anterior lobe, which may reach the anterior mantle margin; their length about �� to �� mantle length. Suckers biseriate on all arms. Tentacle club suckers in 4 to 8 longitudinal rows. Mantle-head occipital band narrow (not reaching over the ocular globes). A pair of kidney-shaped photophores on ventral surface of ink sac. Gladius absent. Ventral mantle margin slightly sinuate, without any deep funnel indentation. Hectocotylus (male left arm I) tripartite: basal part with four regular suckers in two rows; copulatory apparatus with modified sucker-less pedicels: two ventral pedicels horn-like, aligned, directed distally and slightly laterally, and two dorsal pedicels flattened, fused with each other and directed ventrally, adhering to the oral arm surface and to the base of both ventral horns to form a concave pad; distal part with sucker pedicels of both rows leaf-like, lengthened, widened, triangular- or squarish-shaped, flattened promixo-distally, their bases inserted transversally on arm oral surface, except for distalmost suckers with regular short pedicels; in several preserved specimens distal part rotated towards right dorsal arm. Female bursa copulatrix pouch-like. Included species Lusepiola birostrata (Sasaki, 1918) gen. et comb. nov. and L. trirostrata (Voss, 1962) gen. et comb. nov. Etymology This genus is dedicated to Chung Cheng Lu (Museum of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia and National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan), in recognition of his enormous contribution to teuthology, including Sepiolinae systematics; its name derives from the combination of Lu���s family name with Sepiola, a closely related genus. Gender feminine. Discussion of affinities Lusepiola gen. nov., Euprymna, Eumandya gen. nov. and Boletzkyola gen. nov. all possess a closed bursa copularix, a clear indication of their affinity. However, Lusepiola gen. nov. differs from the other three genera because the formation of its hectocotylus copulatory apparatus involves modified sucker pedicels from both the ventral and dorsal rows. It differs from Sepiola s.s., from which its species were removed, primarily because of the different type of bursa copulatrix; moreover, the basal part of its hectocotylus bears four suckers (two complete rows) instead of three. The peculiarly modified pedicels in the distal part of the hectocotylus separates Lusepiola gen. nov. from all other sepioline genera. Remarks The species in this genus, namely L. birostrata gen. et comb. nov. and L. trirostrata gen. et comb. nov., are distributed in the western Pacific from the Okhotsk Sea to Singapore (Reid & Jereb 2005; Okutani 2015)., Published as part of Bello, Giambattista, 2020, Evolution of the hectocotylus in Sepiolinae (Cephalopoda: Sepiolidae) and description of four new genera, pp. 1-53 in European Journal of Taxonomy 655 on page 41, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.655, http://zenodo.org/record/3888797, {"references":["Okutani T. 2015. Cuttlefishes and Squids of the World (New Edition). Tokai University Press, Tokay."]}

Sepiola Leach, 1817 Figs 8B, 19���20 Sepiola Leach, 1817: 137. Type species Sepiola rondeletii Leach, 1817, by monotypy. Diagnosis Sepiolinae with fins rounded; their length about half mantle length. Suckers biseriate on arms I to III and at least proximally on arm IV. Tentacle club suckers in 4 to 8 longitudinal rows. Mantle-head occipital band narrow (not reaching over the ocular globes). A pair of kidney-shaped photophores on ventral surface of ink-sac. Gladius present, reduced. Ventral mantle margin slightly sinuate, without any deep funnel indentation. Hectocotylus (male left arm I) tripartite: basal part with three suckers, two ventral and one dorsal; copulatory apparatus with transverse formation of two ventral and two dorsal modified suckerless pedicels, all four of them lengthened and fused with each other throughout their length (few additional dorsal modified pedicels may be present mesially to transverse formation); distal part with some enlarged suckers in dorsal row. Female bursa copulatrix roughly ear-shaped, devoid of cover. Included species Sepiola rondeletii Leach, 1817, S. affinis Naef, 1912, S. atlantica d���Orbigny, 1842, S. boletzkyi Bello & Salman, 2015, S. bursadhaesa Bello, 2013, S. intermedia Naef, 1912, S. robusta Naef, 1912, S. steenstrupiana Levy, 1912 and S. tridens de Heij & Goud, 2010. Remarks The revised diagnosis of the genus Sepiola reported above was formulated to comply with the rearrangement of Sepiolinae according to the present results. It dismisses several species previously included in Sepiola, namely S. aurantiaca, S. birostrata, S. knudseni, S. ligulata, S. pfefferi and S. trirostrata, which are better placed in different genera. The revised genus Sepiola includes all the species in the Sepiola atlantica -group sensu Naef 1923 (see also Bello 2013; Bello & Salman 2015). Hence, the atlantica -group coincides with the genus Sepiola as revised in this paper. The overall distribution of these species ranges from the north-eastern Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea., Published as part of Bello, Giambattista, 2020, Evolution of the hectocotylus in Sepiolinae (Cephalopoda: Sepiolidae) and description of four new genera, pp. 1-53 in European Journal of Taxonomy 655 on pages 35-36, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.655, http://zenodo.org/record/3888797, {"references":["Naef A. 1923. Die Cephalopoden. Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel 35 (1): 1 - 863. [English translation by Mercado A. 1972; Smithsonian Institution, Washington D. C.: 1 - 917]"]}

Euprymna Steenstrup, 1887 Fig. 7 Euprymna Steenstrup, 1887a: 43. Type species Inioteuthis morsei Verrill, 1881, by subsequent designation. Diagnosis Sepiolinae with fins rounded; their length about half mantle length. Arm suckers in 4, exceptionally 8 longitudinal rows. Tentacle club with numerous minute suckers in a few tens of longitudinal rows. Mantle-head occipital band broad, extending over the ocular globes.A pair of kidney-shaped photophores on ventral surface of ink-sac. Gladius absent. Ventral mantle margin slightly sinuate, without any deep funnel indentation. Hectocotylus (male left arm I) thicker than right arm I, bipartite: proximal part, occupying 1���5 to �� of arm, with regular suckers, except for 1���3 modified pedicels (may bear vestigial suckers), lengthened papilla-like, in 3 rd to 5 th position of ventral sucker row; distalmost part, occupying �� to *���5 of arm distally, with lengthened columnar sucker pedicels, closely packed to form longitudinal palisades, bearing at tip embedded suckers that are partially covered by fleshy caps, number of palisades proximally equal to that of regular sucker rows but reduced toward arm extremity. Female bursa copulatrix pouch-like. Included species Euprymna morsei (Verrill, 1881), E. albatrossae, Voss, 1962, E. berryi Sasaki, 1929, E. brenneri Sanchez et al., 2019, E. hoylei Adam, 1986, E. hyllebergi, Nateewathana, 1997, E. megaspadicea Kubodera & Okutani, 2002, E. penares (Gray, 1849), E. scolopes Berry, 1913, E. stenodactyla (Grant, 1833) and E. tasmanica (Pfeffer, 1884). Remarks Some nominal tetraseriate sucker species are deemed unresolved (cf. Norman & Lu 1997). The biseriate sucker arm E. parva, E. pardalota and E. phenax, were removed from this genus to be placed into Eumandya gen. nov. (see above). The species in Euprymna are distributed in tropical and temperate waters of the Indo-West Pacific region (Norman & Lu 1997; Nateewathana 1997; Kubodera & Okutani 2002; Reid 2011)., Published as part of Bello, Giambattista, 2020, Evolution of the hectocotylus in Sepiolinae (Cephalopoda: Sepiolidae) and description of four new genera, pp. 1-53 in European Journal of Taxonomy 655 on pages 39-40, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.655, http://zenodo.org/record/3888797, {"references":["Steenstrup J. 1887 a. Notae Teuthologicae. 6. Species generis Sepiolae Maris Mediterranei. Oversigt over det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhandlinger 1887: 47 - 66.","Verrill A. E. 1881. The Cephalopods of the Northeastern Coast of America. Part II. The smaller cephalopods, including the \" squids \" and the octopi, with other allied forms. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Sciences 5 (6): 259 - 446.","Sasaki M. 1929. A monograph of the dibranchiate cephalopods of the Japanese and adjacent waters. Journal of the College of Agriculture, Hokkaido Imperial University 20 suppl: 1 - 357.","Sanchez G., Jolly J., Reid A., Sugimoto C., Azama C., Marletaz F., Simakov O. & Rokhsar D. S. 2019. New bobtail squid (Sepiolidae: Sepiolinae) from the Ryukyu islands revealed by molecular and morphological analysis. Communications Biology 2: 465. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 42003 - 019 - 0661 - 6","Nateewathana A. 1997. The Sepiolidae (Cephalopoda) of the Andaman Sea, Thailand, with description of Euprymna hyllebergi sp. nov. Phuket Marine Biological Center Special Publication 17: 465 - 481.","Norman M. D. & Lu C. C. 1997. Redescription of the southern dumpling squid Euprymna tasmanica and a revision of the genus Euprymna (Cephalopoda: Sepiolidae). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 77: 1109 - 1137. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315400038662","Reid A. 2011. Euprymna pardalota sp. nov. (Cephalopoda: Sepiolidae), a new dumpling squid from northern Australia. The Beagle, Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory 27: 135 - 142."]}

Eumandya gen. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6FB7B832-3CFA-4914-842A-A526390BFCFD Fig. 9 (the generic name used in the caption is the former one) Type species Euprymna pardalota Reid, 2011, here designated. Diagnosis Sepiolinae with fins rounded; their length about half mantle length.Arm suckers in two longitudinal rows. Tentacle club suckers in 6 to 14 longitudinal rows. Mantle-head occipital band broad, extending over the ocular globes. A pair of kidney-shaped photophores on ventral surface of ink-sac. Gladius absent. Ventral mantle margin faintly sinuate or with slightly deep funnel indentation. Hectocotylus (male left arm I) bipartite: proximal part, occupying �� to �� of arm, with regular suckers, except for pedicel of 3 rd sucker in ventral row lengthened, papilla-like (may bear vestigial sucker at its tip); distalmost part, occupying ⅓ to �� of arm distally, with lengthened columnar sucker pedicels, closely packed longitudinally bearing reduced suckers and not connected with each other by any web. Female bursa copulatrix pouch-like. Included species Euprymna pardalota (Reid, 2011) gen. et comb. nov., E. parva (Sasaki, 1914) gen. et comb. nov. and E. phenax (Voss, 1962) gen. et com. nov. Etymology This genus is named in honour of Amanda Reid (Australian Museum Research Institute, Sydney) for her outstanding contribution in the field of cephalopod taxonomy, including Sepiolinae. The generic name is derived by the combination of Mandy, the diminutive name by which she is known to her friends and colleagues, and the prefix Eu - in order to keep the assonance with the sister genus Euprymna. Gender feminine. Discussion of affinities The members of Eumandya gen. nov., namely parva, pardalota and phenax, were formerly assigned to Euprymna because of the palisaded distalmost part of the hectocotylus, which, despite minor differences, is a unique feature of the clade (Eumandya gen. nov., Euprymna). In addition to the readily evident difference in number of longitudinal sucker rows on arms, i.e., biseriate arrangement in Eumandya gen. nov. vs tetraseriate arrangement in Euprymna, minor differences include the lack of well-developed fleshy caps on the columnar suckers and the lack of lengthwise connections between the ventral columnar pedicels in the former genus. An additional sign of possible hectocotylian primordiality in Eumandya gen. nov. is the presence of one-single-modified-stalk in the copulatory apparatus; in most Euprymna s.s. species it is composed of two or three papillae. Remarks Eumandya pardalota gen. et comb. nov. and E. parva gen. et comb. nov. are deemed sister species (Reid, pers. com.; Sanchez et al. 2019). The latter authors rightly removed parva from Sepiola, as previously understood, based on both morphological features and genetic analyses (Sanchez et al. 2019). Their decision is congruous with both the absence of modified dorsal sucker pedicels in the formation of the copulatory apparatus of the hectocotylus and the presence of palisaded suckers in its distalmost part, which characters do not pertain to Sepiola. The distribution of the members of Eumandya gen. nov. is limited to the eastern Indian-western Pacific Oceans., Published as part of Bello, Giambattista, 2020, Evolution of the hectocotylus in Sepiolinae (Cephalopoda: Sepiolidae) and description of four new genera, pp. 1-53 in European Journal of Taxonomy 655 on pages 38-39, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.655, http://zenodo.org/record/3888797, {"references":["Reid A. 2011. Euprymna pardalota sp. nov. (Cephalopoda: Sepiolidae), a new dumpling squid from northern Australia. The Beagle, Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory 27: 135 - 142.","Sanchez G., Jolly J., Reid A., Sugimoto C., Azama C., Marletaz F., Simakov O. & Rokhsar D. S. 2019. New bobtail squid (Sepiolidae: Sepiolinae) from the Ryukyu islands revealed by molecular and morphological analysis. Communications Biology 2: 465. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 42003 - 019 - 0661 - 6"]}

Sepietta Naef, 1912 Fig. 18 Sepietta Naef, 1912: 248. Type species Sepiola oweniana d���Orbigny in F��russac & d���Orbigny, 1841, by monotypy. Diagnosis Sepiolinae with fins rounded or bluntly angled laterally; their length about half mantle length. Suckers biseriate on all arms. Tentacle club suckers in 12 or more longitudinal rows. Mantle-head occipital band narrow (not reaching over the ocular globes). Ventral mantle margin slightly sinuate, without any deep funnel indentation. Gladius present, reduced. Visceral photophores absent. Hectocotylus (male left arm I) tripartite: basal part with three or four suckers, two ventral and one or two dorsal; copulatory apparatus with transverse formation of two ventral and two dorsal modified suckerless pedicels of various degrees of development, all four of them fused at their bases, ventral-most one longest and hook-shaped; distal part with some proximal suckers of dorsal row enlarged, wide space between the two sucker rows (Naef 1923). Female bursa copulatrix roughly ear-shaped, devoid of cover. Included species Sepietta oweniana (d���Orbigny in F��russac & d���Orbigny, 1841), S. neglecta Naef, 1916 and S. obscura Naef, 1916. Remarks This is a well-established genus distributed in the NE Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean. Its most evident character is the lack of any visceral light organ, which is a derived condition, i.e., light organs secondarily lost. Sepietta oweniana and S. neglecta are sister species (Bello 2019a) and are distinguished from S. obscura, in addition to hectocotylian characters, by their fin shape (that is bluntlyangled in the former ones and rounded in the latter), as well as by the number of longitudinal sucker rows on tentacle clubs (fewer in the latter) and the occurrence of only three suckers in the basal part of the S. obscura hectocotylus. Sepietta obscura, contrary to the other two species, dwells in shallow depths and has a narrower distribution, in the Atlantic Lusitanian waters and the Mediterranean Sea (Bello 2019a)., Published as part of Bello, Giambattista, 2020, Evolution of the hectocotylus in Sepiolinae (Cephalopoda: Sepiolidae) and description of four new genera, pp. 1-53 in European Journal of Taxonomy 655 on pages 42-43, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.655, http://zenodo.org/record/3888797, {"references":["Naef A. 1923. Die Cephalopoden. Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel 35 (1): 1 - 863. [English translation by Mercado A. 1972; Smithsonian Institution, Washington D. C.: 1 - 917]","Naef A. 1916. Ueber neue Sepioliden aus dem Golf von Neapel. Pubblicazioni della Stazione Zoologica di Napoli 1: 1 - 10."]}

The common octopus, Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797, is widely depicted in Minoan and Mycenaean craftworks from the Late Bronze Age (ca. 1900-1100 BC). Some octopus-shaped funerary gold ornaments from a Mycenaean grave, all of them displaying seven arms, were supposed to portray the so-called seven-armed octopus, Haliphron atlanticus Steenstrup, 1861 (Octopoda: Argonautoidea: Alloposidae). Here it is shown that in fact those octopus-like ornaments cannot represent H. atlanticus because of morphological as well as biogeographical and ecological reasons.

Gaidropsarus granti (Osteichthyes: Lotidae) is a rare fish that was recorded for the first time in the Mediterranean Sea in 1989. The Mediterranean records have been documented for the Ligurian Sea, the Levant Sea close to Rhodes, off the Sardinian coasts and for the northern Ionian Sea south of the Straits of Messina. Additional reports referred its presence in the Alboran Sea, in the southern Adriatic Sea and west of Malta, though without any additional information. The present paper reports the occurrence of G. granti in the Adriatic Sea (eastern Mediterranean) thanks to the examination of eight specimens collected in its south-western part, between February 1997 and October 2017. Six of them had been trawled at depths from 190 to 290 m, mainly in a channel within coral banks, while two were caught by hook at 420 m depth on coral banks. Their total length ranged from 21.0 to 32.3 cm. Four dissected individuals were adult, three males and one female. The stomach of two individuals contained only galatheid shrimps of the genus Munida, some of which were identified as M. rutllanti. According to interviews with fishermen based in the area where G. granti specimens were trawled, this conspicuous fish was unknown to them until the 1997 captures. Afterwards, it became well known to all of them, because few specimens are presently caught every once in a while. It is discussed whether G. granti is a native Mediterranean species or a fish that entered this sea a few decades ago. Both hypotheses have some support. The autochthonous origin hypothesis is mainly based on both G. granti distribution throughout the Mediterranean and its unavailability to old fishing gear uncapable of fishing on deep, rough grounds. The contrasting allochthonous hypothesis is backed by the total lack of Mediterranean records prior to 1989 coupled with its quite long larval pelagic phase., Gaidropsarus granti (Osteichthyes: Lotidae) je rijetka riba koja je prvi put zabilježena u Sredozemnom moru 1989. godine. Nalazi u Sredozemnom moru su dokumentirani za Ligursko more, Levantinsko more blizu Rodosa, s obale Sardinije i sjevernije Jonsko more južno od Messine. Dodatna izvješća ukazala su na njegovu prisutnost u Alboranskom moru, u južnom Jadranu i zapadno od Malte, iako bez ikakvih dodatnih informacija. U ovom radu prikazana je pojava G. granti u Jadranskom moru (istočni dio Sredozemnog mora) zahvaljujući ispitivanju osam uzoraka sakupljenih u jugozapadnom dijelu, u razdoblju između veljače 1997. i listopada 2017. godine. Šest primjeraka je ulovljeno na dubinama od 190 do 290 m, uglavnom u kanalu između koraljnih grebena, dok su dva uzorka uhvaćena udicom na dubini od 420 m na koraljnom grebenu. Njihova ukupna duljina kretala se od 21,0 do 32,3 cm. Četiri izdvojena primjerka su bila odrasle jedinke, tri mužjaka i jedna ženka. Želudci dvaju primjeraka su sadržavali samo rakove roda Munidae, od kojih su neki identificirani kao M. rutllanti. Sudeći po intervjuima s ribarima sa područja gdje su bili ulovljeni uzorci G. granti, ta lako prepoznatljiva riba bila je nepoznata do 1997. godine. Nakon toga, postala je uobičajena i prepoznata od strane ribara jer se od tada sporadično lovi. Vode se rasprave o tome da li je G. granti autohtona sredozemna vrsta ili novopridošla vrsta koja je tu dospjela prije nekoliko desetljeća. Obje hipoteze imaju uporište. Hipoteza o autohtonom podrijetlu uglavnom se temelji na zastupljenosti G. granti diljem Sredozemlja i relativne nedostupnosti starijim ribolovnim alatima neadekvatnim za ribolov na dubokim i grubim terenima. Oprečnu hipotezu podupire potpuni nedostatak nalaza u Sredozemnom moru prije 1989. godine zajedno s prilično dugom larvalnom pelagičkom fazom.