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During propagation of avocado by grafting in 2019 and 2020, the maximum % grafting failure (GF) of avocado seedlings was recorded on cv. Hass and cv. Fuerte, followed by cv. Benkerton and cv. Reed. While cv. Etinger was the less susceptible one. Lasiodiplodia theobromae was the most frequently isolated from graft failure seedlings in all avocado cultivars, followed by Fusarium moniliforme. While Alternaria alternata recorded the lowest frequency. The highest percentage of grafting failure and death of scions was obtained by the fungus L. theobromae,followed by F. moniliforme and the lowest percentage of grafting failure was observed forA. alternata in all avocado cultivars. The efficacy of biological and chemical control was tested in vitro and in vivo as well as under nursery conditions for controlling GF on avocado seedlings. Amistar Top and Bellis gave the highest reduction in colony growth of the three pathogens, followed by Kocide (2000) and Star copper. While Serenade ASO and Bio Zeid were the lowest ones. Dipping scions in each of the tested suspensions before dipping in spore suspension of each fungus suppressed the spores of the pathogen during grafting and increased the percentage of success of grafted seedlings in the two tested cultivars Hass and Fuerte compared with the control. In this respect, Amistar Top and Bellis were the most effective treatments for controlling the pathogens in the two tested cultivars, followed by Kocide (2000) and Star copper. The lowest efficacy was recorded when scions were dipped on Serenade ASO and Bio Zeid. Also, dipping scions in the suspension of each tested commercial product during grafting increased the percentage of grafting success for all tested cultivars compared with the control. Considering the means of efficacy of the tested treatments on the tested cultivars in the two seasons, Amistar Top, Bellis and Kocide (2000) were the most effective which recorded (91.00 and 94.00%), (85.00 and 87.00%) and (84.00 and 87.00%), respectively (%) success of avocado grafted seedlings on all cultivars in the two years, followed by Serenade ASO (83.00% and 87.00%). While the least (%) success of avocado grafted seedlings on all cultivars in the two seasons was observed on Star copper and Bio Zeid (81.00 and 86.00%) and (81.00 and 84.00%), respectively. Also, the highest effect of all treatments was on cv. Etinger, cv. Reed and cv. Benkerton, while the lowest effect was on cv. Fuerte and cv. Hass in the two seasons. The highest values of production of peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase activities in the two tested avocado cultivars Hass and Fuerte were observed after dipping the scions in Amistar Top and Bellis, followed by Kocide (2000) and Serenade ASO. While the lowest values of peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase activities were recorded after dipping the scions in Star copper and Bio Zeid.

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of Bellis, a fungicide widely used in agriculture, on plasma total antioxidant level (TAS), total oxidant level (TOS) and total sialic acid (TSA) levels in Cyprinus carpio. A total of 30 (250-300 g) C. carpio were used, 10 in each group. Fish were divided into 3 groups as control group, Bellis I group (0.025 mg/L Bellis) and Bellis II group (0.050 mgl/L Bellis). After 14 days of fungicide application to Belllis groups, blood samples were taken from the fish and their plasmas were obtained. TAS, TOS and TSA levels were measured in the obtained plasma samples. According to the findings obtained in the study, the TAS level in the control group was found to be statistically significantly higher (p, Bu çalışmada tarım alanında yaygın olarak kullanılan bir fungisit olan Bellis’in Cyprinus carpio’da plazma total antioksidan seviye (TAS), total oksidan seviye (TOS) ve total sialik asit (TSA) seviyelerine etkisinin araştırılması amaçlandı. Her grupta 10 adet olmak üzere toplam 30 adet (250-300g) C. carpio kullanıldı. Balıklar kontrol grubu, Bellis I grubu (0.025 mg/L Bellis) ve Bellis II grubu (0.050 mgl/L Bellis) olarak 3 gruba ayrıldı. Bellis gruplarına 14 günlük fungisit uygulamasının ardından balıklardan kan örnekleri alınarak, plazmaları elde edildi. Elde edilen plazma örneklerinde TAS, TOS ve TSA seviyeleri ölçüldü. Çalışmada elde edilen bulgulara göre kontrol grubunda TAS seviyesinin Bellis-I ve Bellis-II grubuna göre istatistiki olarak anlamlı derecede (p

In the present study, the morphological characters, root, stem and leaf anatomy, pollen and achene micromorphology of Bellis L. species (Bellis annua L., B. perennis L. and B. sylvestris Cirillo) distributed in Turkey have been investigated on light and scanning electron microscope. Palynological analysis showed that pollen characters were found as small to medium size, isopolar, radially symmetrical, oblate spheroidal and prolate spheroidal, tricolporate and echinate-perforate ornamentation in the three species. Achene characters were found dark brown to yellow in colour, often cylindrical, compressed, with thickened margin, obovate orobovoid shaped, pappus absent and the coat ornamentations are rectangular with short hairs on the surface. As a result of this study, leaf morphology and some pollen characteristics such as pollen size, shape, perforation and distance between spines were demonstrated to be different among the Bellis species.

New Zealand-born Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Peter Arnett was one of a handful of journalists allowed to stay in Baghdad as the American offensive against Iraq began in 1991. Reporting first from the rooftop of the Al-Rashid Hotel, he chronicled—quite literally – the impact of the bombing campaign. But on Day Four he was taken to a bombed-out building in a suburb that was then an infant milk formula factory would later gain notoriety thanks to investigative reporter Seymour Hersh—Abu Ghraib. His report was accurate. In 2003, Arnett was once again in ‘enemy territory’ and (by his own later admission, unwisely) gave an interview to Iraqi television during the Second Iraq War. In the interview, he stated that the civilian casualties inflicted by the Coalition forces were counterproductive. In August 2021, it was the turn of another New Zealand journalist, Charlotte Bellis reporting for Al Jazeera English, to tell us what she sees. And much of the world has now seen her. The author examines the pitfalls that she may face.

This article analyzes the “De Bellis Gothorum,” a long neglected and misunderstood history of the ancient Goths written in 1472–73 by Nicholas of Modruš, the leading Croatian-Illyrian bishop at the papal curia. By placing the work in its proper context, this article reconstructs a previously unknown episode in the political history of the fifteenth-century Adriatic. It is argued that the “De Bellis Gothorum” was in fact a national history that was meant to provide a trans-Adriatic network of Croatian and Bosnian nobles and churchmen with support from Naples and the papacy for their border wars against the Ottomans and reestablishment of their national kingdom.

In France and Italy – like all the countries of the European Union – the proportion of higher education graduates in the working population has continued to increase. At the same time, the number of jobs requiring this level of education has not grown as quickly. In France and Italy, this has meant a decrease in the proportion of tertiary graduates who occupy managerial positions, and a growing share of these graduates hold jobs as middle and low ranking employees. Several studies have investigated the phenomenon of professional downgrading, focusing on its structural determinants and socio-economic implications at the national level and examining international differences. Nevertheless, only a few studies explore disparities in over-education and compare nations at the regional level. By addressing the need for a spatial approach to this subject, which is so far lacking in the scientific literature, this paper examines the downgrading of higher education graduates in Italy and France at the regional level and discusses the real occupational returns for high levels of education. Using data from the Italian and French censuses, the findings of this analysis show significant sub-regional heterogeneities regarding access to managerial positions for graduates according to the territorial unit observed. En Francia e Italia, como en el resto de los países de la Unión Europea, la proporción de los graduados universitarios sigue aumentando en la población activa. Al mismo tiempo, los trabajos que requieren este nivel educativo no están creciendo tan rápidamente. En Francia e Italia, esto se traduce en una disminución de la proporción de titulados superiores que ocupan cargos directivos, y en un aumento de la proporción de los que ocupan puestos de trabajo como obreros o empleados de categoría media o baja. Varias aportaciones han analizado el fenómeno de la sobreeducación, centrándose en sus determinantes estructurales y en las consecuencias socioeconómicas a nivel de país y examinando también las diferencias entre países. Sin embargo, solo algunos de ellos han intentado explorar las disparidades en la sobreeducación comparando los países a nivel regional. Abordando la necesidad de un enfoque espacial/territorial de este tema, que hasta ahora falta en la literatura científica, en este artículo se examina la desvalorización de los graduados universitarios en Italia y Francia, a una escala regional, y se examinan los verdaderos beneficios profesionales de la obtención de un título de educación superior. Utilizando datos de los censos italiano y francés, los resultados de este análisis muestran importantes heterogeneidades interregionales en el acceso a puestos directivos para los titulados superiores. The project is funded by French and Italian Ministry of University and Research. 2019 Program Galileo N. G19-62 et N. 42057WJ (“Metropolisation in the Euro-Mediterranean region: an urbanisation model in crisis?”. Project Coordinators: Gil Bellis and Maria Carella).

This volume focuses on Henry Aubin's thesis in The Rescue of Jerusalem: The Alliance between Hebrews and Africans in 701 BC (2002) that an army of Egypt's Kushite Dynasty (also known as the Twenty-fifth Dynasty) was influential in saving Jerusalem from capture by Assyrian forces. Eight scholars from a range of disciplines—biblical studies, Assyriology, Egyptology and Nubiology—assess the thesis and explore related ideas. Most of the evaluators tilt in varying degrees toward the plausibility of the book's thesis. The volume concludes with Mr. Aubin's response to each essay.

Technology is becoming ever more complex, IT environments increasingly labyrinthine and the threat landscape is expanding, seemingly exponentially. This is mirrored in the sophistication – but also complexity – of defensive systems. Information security specialists now face a deluge of information and deciding what is significant isn't easy. In this interview, Ed Bellis, CTO of Kenna Security, talks about the challenges facing organisations today and how an intelligent approach to security data can help organisations spot the genuine threats.

// Anna Maria Valentini 1 , Federica Di Pinto 1 , Filomena Cariola 2 , Vito Guerra 3 , Gianluigi Giannelli 4 , Maria Lucia Caruso 1 and Michele Pirrelli 1 1 Department of Pathology, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy 2 Medical Genetic Unit, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy 3 Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy 4 National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy Correspondence to: Anna Maria Valentini, email: am.valentini@irccsdebellis.it Keywords: colorectal cancer; microsatellite instability; immunohistochemistry; PD-L1; PD-1 Received: September 24, 2017 Accepted : December 05, 2017 Published: January 12, 2018 ABSTRACT Objectives: We investigated the PD-L1 expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) and in its microenvironment. Results: PD-L1 was expressed in neoplastic cells (NCs) and tumor-infiltrating immune cells (IICs). All samples PD-L1+ on NCs were also on IICs. Three types of cancers could be grouped: group A(NCs-/ IICs-); group B (NCs-/ IICs+); group C (NCs+/IICs+). To group A belong tumors characterized by poorly immunogenic competence, poor immune response but massive granulocyte infiltrate, justifying the absence of PD-L1 as an immunoinhibitor receptor. To Group B probably belong more immunogenic CRCs, justifying the strong IICs-mediated immune response, and up-regulation of PD-L1 expression only on IICs. To group C belong CRCs probably characterized by a large amount of tumor neoantigens resulting in a marked infiltration of lymphocytes and PD-L1 upregulation also in NCs. Materials and Methods: Sixty-three colorectal cancer specimens from a cohort of 61 patients were retrospectively reviewed. Thirty-seven MSS and 26 MSI-H CRCs enrolled in this study. Immunohistochemical staining to PD-L1 was performed by using MAb E1L3N. Conclusions: Our study calls attention to the importance to assess PD-L1 expression in tumor microenvironment also evaluating type and density of infiltrating immune cells to better stratify CRCs with different immunological patterns.

The family Chrysopetalidae has been poorly studied from the Pacific coast of Mexico compared to other families. Specifically from the southern Mexican Pacific, only two species of the family have been recorded in previous studies, Chrysopetalum occidentale and Paleanotus chrysolepis. In this study 311 specimens were revised, and nine species, belonging to six genera were found. Eight of these species are new records from the southern Mexican Pacific coast: Arichlidon watsonae n. sp., Bhawania cf. goodei, Chrysopetalum elegantoides, C. maculata, Hyalopale sp., Paleaequor psamathe, Paleanotus bellis and P. purpurea. A new species is also described, Arichlidon watsonae n. sp., which is characterized by the curved tips blades of the falcigers and their small and ovoid palps. Additionally, the genera Arichlidon and Hyalopale are recorded by first time from the Tropical Eastern Pacific.

In Tropical Africa, particularly Sub-Saharan Africa production of citrus is seriously hampered by citrus leaf and fruit spot (Pseudocercospora angolensis) disease. The yield reduction due to this disease can reach 50% - 100% when climatic conditions are favorable to the disease development and effective control measures are not implemented timely. Hence, this study was anticipated to evaluate the effect of fungicides for the management of citrus leaf and fruit spot disease. As the result of this, the efficacy of different fungicides namely; Carbonchlor 50% SC only, Benline 50% WP only, Bellis 38% WG only, Carbonchlor 50% SC combined with Bellis 38% WG, Benline 50% WP combined with Carbonchlor 50% SC and Benline 50% WP combined with Matco 72% WP against Pseudocercospra angolensis were tested under field conditions. The present field experiment result showed that, there was no infected fruit observed in all treated trees as compared to the control plot that revealed (33.12%) fruit infection. Whereas, in leaves minimum infection rate (1.16%) was recorded from trees treated with Bellis 38% WG followed by Carbonchlor 50% SC (1.48%), Carbonchlor 50% SC combined with Bellis 38% WG (1.89%), Benline 50% WP combined with Carbonchlor 50% SC (4.00%), Benline 50% WP (4.54%) and Matco 72% WP combined with Benline 50%WP (6.24%). However, maximum infection rate (17.57%) was recorded from leaves of unsprayed check. Therefore, from the results of the present investigation, application of Carbonchlor 50% SC was the first choice to be used followed by Carbonchlor 50% SC + Benline 50% WP, Bellis 38% WG + Carbonchlor 50% SC, Bellis 38% WG only, Benline 50% WP only and Matco 72% WP + Benline 50% WP for the management of citrus leaf and fruit spot disease.

In 2014–2015 on the West Siberian Plain, fertile populations of 3 species of the genus Spirogyra (section Conjugata) new to this region were found: S. daedalea, S. dictyospora and S. rugulosa. The morphology of the vegetative cells and zygospores of the collected samples is briefly described, the ecological conditions in the habitats are characterized, and photos of Spirogyra daedalea (lateral conjugation), S. dictyospora (ladder-shaped conjugation) and S. rugulosa (ladder-shaped conjugation) are given. In total, in water bodies of the West Siberian Plain the authors found 16 species of the section Conjugata (Spirogyra bellis, S. crassa, S. daedalea, S. decimina, S. dictyospora, S. gracilis, S. hungarica, S. irregularis, S. maxima, S. mirabilis, S. neglecta, S. nitida, S. pellucida, S. rugulosa, S. setiformis, S. varians). Refs 18. Figs 3.

Phytoplasmas are wall-less bacteria, with a parasitic life style responsible for numerous plant diseases worldwide. The genomic landscape of phytoplasmas has been scarcely studied. Nevertheless, since the introduction of next generation sequencing technologies, genome wide studies of these pathogens are flourishing and a handful of phytoplasmas genomes are available in public databases. In South America, phytoplasmas from 16SrIII group (X-disease) are the most widely distributed, and only a draft genome from a phytoplasmas 16SrIII-J infected periwinkle from Chile has been generated (Phytoplasma Vc33). Here, in grafting experiments we characterized the phenotypic signatures of an Argentinian daisy derived isolate of a 16SrIII-J phytoplasma (Bellis VirescencePhytoplasma) infecting periwinkle. Moreover, we applied a pipeline for genome wide annotation of the Vc33 genome and identified the effector protein SAP54. We then employed the obtained data to amplify, clone, sequence and characterize a SAP54 orthologue protein ofBellis VirescencePhytoplasma. Structural and phylogenetic analyses suggested that the identified SAP54 is highly conserved, and that its co-divergence among phytoplasma is not directly consistent with the evolutionary trajectories derived from rRNA analyses. The results gathered here could provide the basis for reverse genetics experiments using 16SrIII-J SAP54 proteins to assess their eventual influence in pathogenesis.

Brain maturation occurs continuously from birth into young adulthood (Carlson, 2013; De Bellis, 2005) with continued modifications throughout life associated with exposure to sensory stimulation and experience (Carlson, 2013; Perry, 2002; Joseph, 1999). However, the early childhood environment plays an integral role in the neurodevelopmental process (Perry, 2002), such that a lack of sensory stimulation and experience (e.g., physical and cognitive neglect) can contribute to adverse neurological functioning. Consequently, altered neurological development associated with an impoverished childhood environment can present in childhood and remain into adulthood (De Bellis, 2005; Glaser, 2000; Joseph, 1999; Perry, 2002).

In childhood, abused and neglected individuals can develop seemingly functional coping strategies and behaviors; however, certain internalizing and externalizing behaviors can become increasingly maladaptive at subsequent developmental stages, contributing to the development of further difficulties (Widom, 2000). Although the impact of neglect is not as well understood as that of abuse, research examining individuals reporting perceived childhood neglect, as well as survivors of co-occurring childhood maltreatment and neglect, has revealed various functional difficulties beginning in childhood and persisting into adulthood (e.g., De Bellis, 2005; Gauthier, Stollak, Messe, & Aronoff, 1996; Glaser, 2000; Grassi-Oliveira & Stein, 2008; Kessler et al., 2010; Spertus, Yehuda, Wong, Halligan, & Seremetis, 2003; Sperry & Widom, 2013; Widom, 2000). These problems include cognitive impairments and lower intellectual functioning (De Bellis, Hooper, Spratt, & Woolley, 2009; Joseph, 1999; Strathearn, Gray, O’Callaghan, & Wood, 2001; Widom, 2000), psychopathology (Gauthier et al., 1996; Kessler et al., 2010; Powers, Ressler, & Bradley, 2009; Spertus et al., 2003; Widom, 2000), lower levels of interpersonal skills and support (Kim & Cicchetti, 2010; Sperry & Widom, 2013), impairments in emotion identification and regulation (De Bellis, 2005; Kim & Cicchetti, 2010; Pechtel & Pizzagalli, 2011), and physical health concerns (Moxley, Squires, & Lindstrom, 2012; Stirling & Amaya-Jackson, 2008; Walker et al., 1999), among others. Both direct and indirect pathways have been proposed to account for problems in adjustment in adulthood, which may stem from early childhood neglect. Most explanatory models consider not just the role of the abusive or neglectful acts themselves, but also take into account the influence of the family of origin (Gold, 2000; Widom, 2000), which may be due to the impact of the child’s perception of parenting behaviors—or lack thereof.

Information about the earliest legitimate names, authorship and typification is provided for 16 taxa described from Italy by R. Huter, P. Porta and/or G. Rigo. Lectotypes are designated for the following eight taxa: Achillea rupestris , Achillea moschata var. calcarea , Bellis margaritifolia , Cerastium campanulatum var. granulatum , Leucanthemum laciniatum , Melampyrum barbatum var. variegatum , Tanacetum tridactylites , and Vicia serinica .

An illustrated key to aid in separating adult females of the 64 species of Culicoides reported from the Northern Territory, Western Australia and South Australia, and some important livestock pest species not present in these regions is presented. The key uses characters visible under a stereomicroscope and does not attempt to distinguish those species that are separable only on characters visible on slide-mounted specimens. C. asiana Bellis is proposed as a replacement name for C. asiatica Bellis.

Pollen was analysed in 30 unifloral Euphorbia honey samples from the Ifni Massif Region (Anti Atlas, Morocco). The honey samples were directly provided by beekeepers. The quantitative analyis showed that nectar is the main honey source in the samples studied. The qualitative analysis of the samples showed the presence of 35 taxa belonging to 17 families. The Moroccan Euphorbia honeys of the studied region are characterized by their low—medium number of pollen grains (NGP; mean = 5700), 76% of the honeys belong to Class I and II of Maurizio, and by their low honeydew indicator (HDE/NGPn 90% of the samples, followed by Bellis sp., Capsella f. and Reseda sp. (85%). However, for the E. regis-jubae honeys, the most characteristic accompanying species are Crepis f., present in 100% of the samples.

Los respectivos “lectótipos” en el herbario G-BOIS designados por Burdet y colaboradores en 1983 para los nombres Bellis pappulosa, Carduncellus hispanicus, Centaurea bombycina, Erigeron frigidus y Senecio quinqueradiatus (Compositae) deben desestimarse ya que fueron designados en contra con lo dispuesto en el Art. 9.3 del Código Internacional de Nomenclatura. Estas especies fueron descritas por Augustin Pyramus de Candolle a patir de material recolectado por Edmond Boissier, en cuyos respectivos protólogos se especifica el material usado para las descripciones y el herbario donde está conservado. Especímenes conservados en el herbario G-DC deben considerarse como holótipos para cada uno de estos nombres.

Summary Bull’s eye rot, caused by Neofabraea spp. is one of the most important fungal diseases of storage apple in Poland. The effectiveness of fungicides: Bellis 38 WG (boscalid, pyraclostrobin) and Switch 62,5 WG (cyprodinil, fludioxonil) in protection against bull’s eye rot of cultivar Shampion apples during storage and their residues in apples were investigated. The experiments were conducted in 2012− 2014. The fungicides were applied as a single, two and three applications before harvest. After 6 months of storage the biological effectiveness of the fungicides was assessed. The highest effectiveness was obtained after three applications of the tested fungicides; for Switch 62,5 WG − 96.4% in the season 2012/2013 and 92.7% in the season 2013/2014, and for Bellis 38 WG − 84.7 and 91.0%, respectively. The results of analyses of boscalid, pyraclostrobin, cyprodinil and fludioxonil residues showed that apples contained residues that exceeded 0.01 mg/kg but below European Union Maximum Residue Levels.

In the present research, the chromosome number and morphology of Bellis L. species of Turkey were analyzed. The chromosomes number are determined as Bellis sylvestris Cyr.2n: 36, Bellis perennis L....

The Daisies, Bellis and Bellium, form a monophyletic complex within the core Astereae (Asteraceae). Although most early diverging lineages show an African distribution, the core Astereae is today widespread on five continents with the Bellis/Bellium complex as the only representative in the Mediterranean basin. Molecular clock estimates placed the divergence of Astereae from its sister tribe Anthemideae in the Oligocene. Using a combination of three plastid genes, we estimated divergence times for different lineages of the tribe Astereae. This, together with temporal and biogeographical reconstructions using the nrITS region, allows placing and timing of the major lineages of the Bellis/Bellium complex. The age reconstruction places the divergence of the tribe Astereae in the late Miocene (18–19 million years ago), followed by an out-of-Africa dispersal into Asia where the worldwide expansion may have started. Our results suggest that the colonization of the Mediterranean basin by the Astereae started from Eurasia some 10 million years ago. A Messinian early divergence of the Bellis/Bellium complex in the Mediterranean was estimated. However, a parallel 4-million-year delay for the within-genera diversification was inferred, probably related to the establishment of the sclerophyllous Mediterranean forest. Despite a similar time frame for the within-genera diversification, today’s species numbers differ considerably between Bellis (15 spp.) and Bellium (five spp.).

Jeff Rona, The Reel World: Scoring for Pictures San Francisco: Miller Freeman Books, 2000. [xi, 272 pp. ISBN: 0879305916. $24.95 (trade paper)] Illustrations, music examples, tables, figures, appendices, list of resources, index.1 Richard Bellis, The Emerging Film Composer: An Introduction to the People, Problems, and Psychology of the Film Music Business Los Angeles: Richard Bellis, 2006. [xix, 158 pp. ISBN: 0615136230. $24.95 (trade paper)] Illustrations, tables, appendix (list of selected resources).

A few remarks on two stories about the Lombards victory over Heruls (Paul the Deacon, Historia Langobardorum , 1:20, and Procopius of Caesarea, De Bellis , 6:14) The article presents an analysis of two narratives of the war between the Heruls and the Lombards fought in 508. Leaving aside any attempts to see “how it really was” with the course of the conflict, the author focuses on a narrative side of the story written by Procopius of Caesarea and Paul the Deacon. The accounts of both authors are subjected to one main idea: that the victory depended neither on the size and strength of the army, nor the courage of the troops, but was the result of God’s decision to support one of the sides. In the version presented by Procopius, God in the form of a black cloud took side with the Lombards, who with a sense of profound humility wanted to avoid military conflict to the end, and were forced to go to war. The defeat of the Heruls was their punishment for initiating the war without any just reason. In the version presented by Paul the Deacon the defeat of the Heruls was the punishment for the arrogance of their king and the contempt this soldiers felt for the Lombardian troops.

One of the recommendations for administrating behavioural tests of auditory processing disorders (APD) is the collection of normative data from the local population (Bellis, 1996). Additionally, if test scores are dependent upon understanding verbal tokens it is sensible to rerecord the material using a local speaker to remove the effect of foreign accents. This article explains the need and the method of collection of normative data for behavioural tests.

Greuter, W. & Raab-Straube, E. von (ed.): Euro+Med Notulae, 1. — Willdenowia 35: 223–239. — ISSN 0511-9618; © 2005 BGBM Berlin-Dahlem. doi:10.3372/wi.35.35201 (available via http://dx.doi.org/) This is the first of a series of miscellaneous contributions, by various authors, where hitherto unpublished data relevant to the Euro+Med (or Sisyphus) Project are presented. Apart from the introductory notice that outlines the Euro+Med Project and explains the abbreviations used for the geographical territories as defined for the Project's purposes, it is almost entirely devoted to the Compositae family. It includes new country and area records for Artemisia, Bellis, Calendula, Delairea, Erigeron, Gazania, Hieracium, Onopordum, Senecio, Tanacetum and Volutaria taxa, and the validation of names in the genera Carduus, Caucasalia, Centaurea, Cyanus, Erigeron, Galatella, Hieracium, Klasea, Pojarkovia, Psephellus, Rhaponticoides, Rhaponticum, Senecio, Solidago, Symphyotrichum and Tephroseris. A single entry (...