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Grubbs II catalyst mediated ring-closing metathesis (RCM) of mono-brominated dienes is reported to proceed in moderate to good yields (40–80%) where the linking chain contains five atoms, leading to carbocyclic and heterocyclic 7-membered bromo-olefins. Notably, RCM to form 5-, 6- or 8-membered bromo-olefins was unsuccessful, with the exception of one example where RCM afforded diethyl 3-bromocyclohex-3-ene-1,1-dicarboxylate. In this case a bromomethyl-substituted cyclohexene was obtained as a byproduct. The utility of selected bromo-olefin RCM products was demonstrated through their participation in Suzuki-Miyaura reactions. Vinyl halide exchange (Br→Cl) was noted as a side reaction under RCM conditions.

Enabling access to energy is vital in addressing many of the present global development issues which affect people's economic, health and social well-being as well as the ability to meet the goal of reducing carbon emissions through clean energy use (International Energy Agency (IEA), 2016). Nonetheless, in spite of increased attention from multiple agencies and governments, energy poverty remains a severe development issue: particularly in developing countries, where access to modern energy systems is mostly embryonic. Yet, to date, most research have focused on general access to electricity and the generation of clean energy to replace fossil fuels, failing to address the lack of basic access to clean energy for cooking and heating (Saracini, 2014). In this paper, we address this gap by reviewing the issue of lack of access to clean cooking fuel as well as providing empirical evidence of the impact of use of solid fuel on economic development (using Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as indicator).

In developing countries, due to the total lack of access to energy systems in some regions or its availability to only high income households in the society, amenities deemed basic in developed countries, such as reliable and resilient energy systems, can in fact be classed as luxurious attributes [1]. The impact of the lack of access to modern energy systems, not only attributes to the poor quality of life experienced in these countries but also plays a vital role in health and environmental issues, whilst causing severe hindrance to the social and economic developments in these countries. Consequently, the aim of this research is to develop optimised energy policies and business models to facilitate the alleviation of energy poverty whilst concurrently aiding large-scale urban developments in these countries.

Author states that to cling to the idea that empathy in itself is sufficient leads to fruitlessness and frustrating efforts in endless exploration with both client and counselor chasing their tails. A counselor therapist also needs discrimination skills, decision making skills, program development skills, and program implementation skills. (Author)

The University of Strathclyde is creating a new Institute for Future Cities that aims to improve the quality of human life across the world through innovative research that enables cities to be understood in new ways, and innovative approaches to be developed for the way we live, work, learn and invest in cities. The new Institute will create a focus and strategy to coordinate academic research on urban themes, and partnerships with cities, businesses, research institutions and governments across the world. This paper outlines the wider context and issues for urban policy and research, and describes some of the key objectives and activities of the Institute for Future Cities - including the €3.7 million EU FP7 STEP UP project on sustainable city planning and implementation, a new ESRC research programme on crime prediction, and the City Observatory within the £24 million TSB Future City Demonstrator in Glasgow.

Large point sources of carbon dioxide are responsible for a significant proportion of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions – with fossil fuel power stations and other large-scale industrial activities responsible for around half of the total. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is expected to make a major contribution to reducing these emissions.Few CCS projects currently exist in the world – and a lack of experience in regulatory agencies and commercial entities of how regulatory systems would apply to such projects increases risk – potentially leading to delays and increased costs for emerging CCS projects.This toolkit has been produced by Scottish Carbon Capture and Storage (SCCS) researchers on behalf of the Scottish Government and sponsored by the Global CCS Institute. It guides users through a regulatory test exercise, which provides a low-cost, low-risk approach to testing regional and national legislation and regulatory systems for CCS projects, and gaining the benefits in follow-up activities.The toolkit recommends use of a real or simulated CCS project as part of this exercise to assist government agencies and other stakeholders to work together to test and improve understanding of regulatory systems. It explains how a simulated or real CCS project can be taken through the regulatory process from inception to decommissioning – a test of the regulatory process at much lower cost, time and risk than would be incurred under a real project application.

Large point sources of carbon dioxide are responsible for a significant proportion of the world's greenhouse gas emissions - with fossil fuel power stations and other large-scale industrial activities responsible for around half of the total. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is expected to make a major contribution to reducing these emissions. Few CCS projects currently exist in the world - and a lack of experience in regulatory agencies and commercial entities of how regulatory systems would apply to such projects increases risk - potentially leading to delays and increased costs for emerging CCS projects. This toolkit has been produced by Scottish Carbon Capture and Storage (SCCS) researchers on behalf of the Scottish Government and sponsored by the Global CCS Institute. It guides users through a regulatory test exercise, which provides a low-cost, low-risk approach to testing regional and national legislation and regulatory systems for CCS projects, and gaining the benefits in follow-up activities. The toolkit recommends use of a real or simulated CCS project as part of this exercise to assist government agencies and other stakeholders to work together to test and improve understanding of regulatory systems. It explains how a simulated or real CCS project can be taken through the regulatory process from inception to decommissioning - a test of the regulatory process at much lower cost, time and risk than would be incurred under a real project application. Large point sources of carbon dioxide are responsible for a significant proportion of the world's greenhouse gas emissions - with fossil fuel power stations and other large-scale industrial activities responsible for around half of the total. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is expected to make a major contribution to reducing these emissions. Few CCS projects currently exist in the world - and a lack of experience in regulatory agencies and commercial entities of how regulatory systems would apply to such projects increases risk - potentially leading to delays and increased costs for emerging CCS projects. This toolkit has been produced by Scottish Carbon Capture and Storage (SCCS) researchers on behalf of the Scottish Government and sponsored by the Global CCS Institute. It guides users through a regulatory test exercise, which provides a low-cost, low-risk approach to testing regional and national legislation and regulatory systems for CCS projects, and gaining the benefits in follow-up activities. The toolkit recommends use of a real or simulated CCS project as part of this exercise to assist government agencies and other stakeholders to work together to test and improve understanding of regulatory systems. It explains how a simulated or real CCS project can be taken through the regulatory process from inception to decommissioning - a test of the regulatory process at much lower cost, time and risk than would be incurred under a real project application.

Large point sources of carbon dioxide are responsible for a significant proportion of the world's greenhouse gas emissions - with fossil fuel power stations and other large-scale industrial activities responsible for around half of the total. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is expected to make a major contribution to reducing these emissions. Few CCS projects currently exist in the world - and a lack of experience in regulatory agencies and commercial entities of how regulatory systems would apply to such projects increases risk - potentially leading to delays and increased costs for emerging CCS projects. This toolkit has been produced by Scottish Carbon Capture and Storage (SCCS) researchers on behalf of the Scottish Government and sponsored by the Global CCS Institute. It guides users through a regulatory test exercise, which provides a low-cost, low-risk approach to testing regional and national legislation and regulatory systems for CCS projects, and gaining the benefits in follow-up activities. The toolkit recommends use of a real or simulated CCS project as part of this exercise to assist government agencies and other stakeholders to work together to test and improve understanding of regulatory systems. It explains how a simulated or real CCS project can be taken through the regulatory process from inception to decommissioning - a test of the regulatory process at much lower cost, time and risk than would be incurred under a real project application. Large point sources of carbon dioxide are responsible for a significant proportion of the world's greenhouse gas emissions - with fossil fuel power stations and other large-scale industrial activities responsible for around half of the total. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is expected to make a major contribution to reducing these emissions. Few CCS projects currently exist in the world - and a lack of experience in regulatory agencies and commercial entities of how regulatory systems would apply to such projects increases risk - potentially leading to delays and increased costs for emerging CCS projects. This toolkit has been produced by Scottish Carbon Capture and Storage (SCCS) researchers on behalf of the Scottish Government and sponsored by the Global CCS Institute. It guides users through a regulatory test exercise, which provides a low-cost, low-risk approach to testing regional and national legislation and regulatory systems for CCS projects, and gaining the benefits in follow-up activities. The toolkit recommends use of a real or simulated CCS project as part of this exercise to assist government agencies and other stakeholders to work together to test and improve understanding of regulatory systems. It explains how a simulated or real CCS project can be taken through the regulatory process from inception to decommissioning - a test of the regulatory process at much lower cost, time and risk than would be incurred under a real project application.

The Sustainable Glasgow Initiative aims to help Glasgow become one of Europe’s most sustainable cities. For Glasgow sustainability means achieving a mix of objectives – reducing carbon – but also achieving urban regeneration; delivering jobs and training; helping change the city’s image; regenerating communities, and tackling fuel poverty.

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is one of the critical technologies worldwide which will enable reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions arising from large industrial sites. CCS allows the continued use of a diverse mix of energy sources, including fossil fuels, which improves the security of cost-effective electricity supply. Scotland has the opportunity and responsibility to reduce CO2 emissions arising from burning of fossil fuels and their impact on climate change. The EU plans to have 12 CCS plants operating by 2015. In February 2009, the UK Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change stated an aspiration for the UK to have more than one demonstration project in operation enabled by government funding. However, these targets cannot be delivered without the underpinning knowledge from studies such as this. Commitment to large-scale investment in CO2 capture plant will require proven storage capability. This study • presents the first high-level screening of CO2 storage sites available to Scotland • evaluates the means by which CO2 can be transported from power plants and other industrial activities to storage sites, and • investigates the costs and business constraints. This is the most comprehensive and fully integrated study performed in the UK, and was achieved by a collaborative partnership of Scottish Government, research universities and institutes, and a broad base of support from industry and business. The conclusions show that Scotland has an extremely large CO2 storage resource. This is overwhelmingly in offshore saline aquifers (deeply buried porous sandstones filled with salt water) together with a few specific depleted hydrocarbon fields. The resource can easily accommodate the industrial CO2 emissions from Scotland for the next 200 years. There is very likely to be sufficient storage to allow import of CO2 from NE England, this equating to over 25% of future UK large industry and power CO2 output. Preliminary indications are that Scotland's offshore CO2 storage capacity is very important on a European scale, comparable with that of offshore Norway, and greater than Netherlands, Denmark and Germany combined. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is one of the critical technologies worldwide which will enable reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions arising from large industrial sites. CCS allows the continued use of a diverse mix of energy sources, including fossil fuels, which improves the security of cost-effective electricity supply. Scotland has the opportunity and responsibility to reduce CO2 emissions arising from burning of fossil fuels and their impact on climate change. The EU plans to have 12 CCS plants operating by 2015. In February 2009, the UK Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change stated an aspiration for the UK to have more than one demonstration project in operation enabled by government funding. However, these targets cannot be delivered without the underpinning knowledge from studies such as this. Commitment to large-scale investment in CO2 capture plant will require proven storage capability. This study • presents the first high-level screening of CO2 storage sites available to Scotland • evaluates the means by which CO2 can be transported from power plants and other industrial activities to storage sites, and • investigates the costs and business constraints. This is the most comprehensive and fully integrated study performed in the UK, and was achieved by a collaborative partnership of Scottish Government, research universities and institutes, and a broad base of support from industry and business. The conclusions show that Scotland has an extremely large CO2 storage resource. This is overwhelmingly in offshore saline aquifers (deeply buried porous sandstones filled with salt water) together with a few specific depleted hydrocarbon fields. The resource can easily accommodate the industrial CO2 emissions from Scotland for the next 200 years. There is very likely to be sufficient storage to allow import of CO2 from NE England, this equating to over 25% of future UK large industry and power CO2 output. Preliminary indications are that Scotland's offshore CO2 storage capacity is very important on a European scale, comparable with that of offshore Norway, and greater than Netherlands, Denmark and Germany combined.

There are relatively few who would argue that tackling climate change, and therefore reducing carbon emissions, should not be a priority for society and the energy sector. But significant increases in energy prices are a necessary consequence of that policy. Using published sources this paper estimates that by 2020 UK and EU regulatory mechanisms designed to promote lower carbon energy will increase average household electricity prices by between 23% and 42%, and median industrial electricity prices by between 30% and 60%.