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Póster nº 32 presentado en el IX Congresso Ibérico das Ciências do Solo (CICS 2022) “O solo, recurso estratégico para uma sociedade sustentável” 22 a 24 de junho de 2022, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are very stable compounds, that show a low degradability and high persistence in the environment, being considered priority pollutants. PAHs can be grouped in Low Molecular Weight PAHs (LMW, 2‐3 rings) and High Molecular Weight PAHs (HMW, 4 or more rings), showing different properties. LMW PAHs are easier to be dissipated from soils by volatilization or biodegradation, contrary to HMW PAHs, which are more recalcitrant to microbial attack. This different behavior affects the capacity to remediate PAHs polluted soils. In order to increase their bioavailability for soil microorganisms, extractants and solubilizing agents are used, and non‐toxic solubility enhancers such as cyclodextrins (CDs) and biosurfactants (BSs) have been increasingly used in the last years., This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities under the research project CTM2017‐82472‐C2‐1‐R (AEI/FEDER, UE).

5 páginas.- 3 figuras.- 2 tablas, [EN]: A remediation strategy using three non-toxic availability enhancers (two cyclodextrins and a rhamnolipid biosurfactant) was applied to various soils artificially contaminated with a mix of 14 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) considered priority pollutants (from 3 to 6 rings). The high number of experimental factors (soil type, availability enhancers and incubation time) allowed to conduct a multivariate statistical analysis. Principal Component Analysis separated the studied PAHs in 3 groups, in relation with their molecular weight and Kow. The first principal component (PC1) was related with lower molecular weight PAHs, those with lower Kow and that have shown a high dissipation rate with final negligible contents. In this way, PC1 was related with the PAHs dissipated during the remediation process, and accordingly, the effect of incubation time was significantly associated to PC1, with decreasing values whereas time increases. Even more, this component was able to clearly separate the RAMEB (ramdomized methyl-β-cyclodextrin) from the other availability enhancers used. Otherwise, the second principal component was correlated with the higher molecular weight PAHs (5 and 6 rings) and was able to separate soils with different characteristics. The third principal component grouped two PAHs with intermediate molecular weight and more erratic dissipation pattern, [ES]: A varios suelos contaminados artificialmente con una mezcla de 14 hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos (PAHs) considerados contaminantes prioritarios (de 3 a 6 anillos) se les aplicó una estrategia de recuperación utilizando tres compuestos no tóxicos que aumentan su disponibilidad (dos ciclodextrinas y un biosurfactante ramnolípido). El elevado número de factores experimentales (tipo de suelo, potenciadores de la disponibilidad y tiempo de incubación), y contaminantes permitió realizar un análisis estadístico multivariante. El análisis de componentes principales separó los PAHs estudiados en 3 grupos, en relación con su peso molecular y Kow. El primer componente principal (PC1), se relacionó con los PAHs de menor peso molecular, aquellos con menor Kow y los que habían mostrado una alta tasa de disipación con muy bajos contenidos finales. De este modo, PC1 se relacionó con los PAHs disipados durante el proceso de recuperación, y, en consecuencia, el efecto del tiempo de incubación se asoció significativamente a PC1 con valores decrecientes conforme aumenta el tiempo. Además, este componente fue capaz de separar claramente la RAMEB (β-ciclodextrina aleatoriamene metilada) de los otros compuestos utilizados para aumentar la disponibilidad. Por otra parte, el segundo componente principal se correlacionó con los PAHs de mayor peso molecular (5 y 6 anillos) y fue capaz de separar suelos con características diferentes. El tercer componente principal agrupó a dos PAHs de peso molecular intermedio y con un patrón de disipación más errático, This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities under the research project CTM2017-82472-C2-1-R (AEI/FEDER, UE).

Presentación oral del póster por Esmeralda Morillo González en el IX Simposio sobre Control de la Degradación y Recuperación de Suelos CONDEGRES 2021, celebrado entre los días 24 y 25 de mayo de 2021.- enlace al video https://youtu.be/w0kHECexirg, Los herbicidas pertenecientes a la familia de las fenilureas están considerados como sustancias altamente tóxicas y muy persistentes en suelos. En este trabajo se ha realizado un estudio sobre la capacidad de biodegradación del herbicida diurón en 3 suelos con diferentes propiedades físico-químicas utilizando técnicas de bioaumento, mediante la adición de tres cepas bacterianas formando un consorcio (Advenella kashmirensis, Variovorax soli y Arthrobacter sulfonivorans), bioestimulación, por la adición de nutrientes, y de aumento de la biodisponibilidad de diurón, usando una ciclodextrina (HPBCD) como agente extractante para aumentar la biodisponibilidad del herbicida. En dos de los tres suelos estudiados la bioestimulación de la flora autóctona solo con nutrientes no provocó la degradación del herbicida, y tampoco la adición solo de HPBCD. Por el contrario, en el tercer suelo la flora endógena era capaz de degradar diurón (38%), y la degradación aumentó al añadir la ciclodextrina (48%). Los tratamientos en los que se añadía el consorcio bacteriano llegaron a alcanzar casi el 100% de degradación de diurón, aunque a distintos tiempos de tratamiento según el suelo estudiado. Dada la efectividad del bioaumento con el consorcio degradador específico, la adición simultánea de HPBCD no aportó ninguna ventaja., Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Proyecto CTM2017-82472-C2-1-R (cofinanciado por FEDER).

Presentación oral narrada por Fernando Madrid del póster P1 42 en el IX Simposio sobre Control de la Degradación y Recuperación de Suelos CONDEGRES 2021, celebrado entre los días 24 y 25 de mayo de 2021 Enlace al video https://youtu.be/ji80Z8J-wx0, Un suelo agrícola con textura franco-arcillo-arenosa ha sido contaminado artificialmente con una mezcla de 16 PAHs (de 2 a 6 anillos), considerados como contaminantes prioritarios por la USEPA. Se estudió la biodegradación natural de los PAHs con la microflora endógena del suelo y se comparó con la biodegradación asistida con compuestos que aumentan la solubilidad de PAHs y su biodisponibilidad. Los compuestos utilizados fueron hidroxipropil-β-ciclodextrina (HPBCD), β-ciclodextrina metilada aleatoriamente (RAMEB) y un biosurfactante (ramnolípido, RL). El suelo presentó la capacidad para disipar naturalmente los PAHs de menor peso molecular (2 y 3 anillos), así como floranteno y pireno (4 anillos), pero no el resto de PAHs de mayor peso molecular. HPBCD y RL mostraron un aumento en la velocidad de biodegradación de estos PAHs, pero, por el contrario, RAMEB retrasó considerablemente su degradación respecto al suelo sin tratamientos. Los PAHs más pesados no sufrieron una biodegradación significativa, lo que podría relacionarse con su alta adsorción a las superficies del suelo y su baja biodisponibilidad, incluso en presencia de los solubilizantes utilizados.

4 páginas.- 1 figuras.- 1 tabla.- 5 referencias.- Poster P1-42 presentado en el Congreso El suelo: clave para una gestión ambiental sostenible en un escenario de cambio global. IX Simposio sobre Control de la Degradación y Recuperación de Suelos CONDEGRES 2021, celebrado entre los días 24 y 25 de mayo de 2021, Un suelo agrícola con textura franco-arcillo-arenosa ha sido contaminado artificialmente con una mezcla de 16 PAHs (de 2 a 6 anillos), considerados como contaminantes prioritarios por la USEPA. Se estudió la biodegradación natural de los PAHs con la microflora endógena del suelo y se comparó con la biodegradación asistida con compuestos que aumentan la solubilidad de PAHs y su biodisponibilidad. Los compuestos utilizados fueron hidroxipropil-β-ciclodextrina (HPBCD), β-ciclodextrina metilada aleatoriamente (RAMEB) y un biosurfactante (ramnolípido, RL). El suelo presentó la capacidad para disipar naturalmente los PAHs de menor peso molecular (2 y 3 anillos), así como floranteno y pireno (4 anillos), pero no el resto de PAHs de mayor peso molecular. HPBCD y RL mostraron un aumento en la velocidad de biodegradación de estos PAHs, pero, por el contrario, RAMEB retrasó considerablemente su degradación respecto al suelo sin tratamientos. Los PAHs más pesados no sufrieron una biodegradación significativa, lo que podría relacionarse con su alta adsorción a las superficies del suelo y su baja biodisponibilidad, incluso en presencia de los solubilizantes utilizados.

Comunicación presentada en el 9th Iberoamerican Congress on Contamination and Environmental Toxicology (CICTA 2021), celebrado en Blumenau (Brasil), del 29 de noviembre al 2 de diciembre de 2021

El glaucoma se define como una neuropatía óptica progresiva cuya característica principal consiste en la degeneración de las células ganglionares de la retina, produciendo daños a nivel del nervio óptico y campo visual. Hoy en día, la iridotomía láser periférica (LPI) con láser Nd-YAG es uno de los tratamientos de elección ante una crisis aguda del glaucoma de ángulo cerrado (GPAC) necesario para revertir el cuadro, así como técnica de prevención en pacientes con sospecha de cierre angular (PACS).En esta revisión bibliográfica de la técnica, se pretende analizar los cambios en la biometría ocular (amplitud de la cámara anterior y otros parámetros) así como en la refracción de los pacientes tras la realización de LPI con láser Nd-YAG.

Póster presentado en la 6th European Conference on Cyclodextrins. Santiago de Compostela, Oclober 2-4, 2019, Chlorotoluron (3-(3-chloro-p-tolyl)-I,I-dimethylurea) (CHL) is a phenylurea herbicide used to control broadleaf and annual grass weeds in cereal fields. CHL may persist in soil and its leaching to the underlying aquifer may occur for at least 3 years after field treatment, being increasingly common to find the parent compound and its metabolites in groundwater in concentrations exceeding the drinking water threshold limit (0.1 ¡Lg L·!). It is a biologically active pollutant in the environment and exhibits a high toxicity. The aim of this work was to develop an effective bioremediation tool for an enhanced biodegradation of CLH in polluted soils that could increase the chance for a successful decontamination. In this process hydroxypropyl-~-cyclodextrin (HPBCD) was tested as extraction agent to improve CLH bioavailability, and was combined with the inoculation of a CLH microbial degrader consortium (bioaugmentation), in order to remove CLH from media getting a successful soil decontamination. Firstly, the effect of HPBCD on CLH desorption from soils was stodied to determine if the herbicide forms inclusion complexes with HPBCD, increasing its solubility and, therefore, its potential bioavailability to be degraded by soil microorganisms. Adsorption-desorption tests were performed in three soils with different organic matter (OM) content (Soill, 0.63%; Soil2, 1.91 %; Soil 3, 3.04%). The percentages of CLH extraeted with only water were related to the amount adsorbed by each soil, that is, the higher the sorption, the lower the pereentage of CLH removed from the soil with water. The pereentages of CLH extracted with HPBCD solutions were always higher than with water. CLH forms an inclusion complex with HPBCD, which acts as an extractant towards the CLH adsorbed on soil surfaee. The higher the OM of the soil and the amount ofCLH adsorbed, the higherthe extraction with HPBCD: Soil3»Soil2>Soil1. CLH biodegradation was always higher when the soils were inoenlated with the CLH degrader mierobial eonsortium than with the soils endogenous flora. However, when HPBCD was applied the behavior of the three soils was different. In Soils 1 and 3 the eonsortium inocnlated was highly effective for CLH degradation, and the addition of HPBCD did not improve it. On the contrary, in Soil 2, when the cyelodextrin is added together with the consortium, 95% CHL was degraded in 15 days, while for the consortium alone the degradation was 75%. In sorne soils (1 and 2) the eompetition between CLH and HPBCD as earbon sources for the soil flora, due to the biodegradability of HPBCD, was also observed. It ean be concluded that the use of HPBCD solution as a bioavailability enhaneer will depend not only on the physieoehemieal properties of the soil to be treated, but also on the behaviour of the endogenous flora present. It is therefore neeessary to earry out preliminary studies before a remediation proeess using eyelodextrins ean be applied to the soil., This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (cofunded by FEDER), under the researeh projeet CTM2017-824 72-C2-1-R.

Póster presentado en el 7th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management Crete Island, Greece, 26–29 June 2019.- El texto se puede ver en http://uest.ntua.gr/heraklion2019/proceedings/proceedings.html, After the progressive implementation of the EU Directives 91/271/EEC and 98/15/EEC concerning urban wastewater treatment, many countries have increased the number of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), and large amounts of sewage sludge are generated which require disposal. A useful and interesting option is the production of compost and the direct application of stabilised sludge to land. It has positive effects on soil, such as modification of soil structure and addition of organic matter and nutrients for plants, but there are potential hazards in this practice, such as spread of pathogens, odours, heavy metals and persistent organic contaminants. The use of sewage sludge in agriculture is regulated by the European Union¿s Council Directive 86/278/EEC, but it has not yet established maximum values for organic contaminants. However, the third draft of a working document on sludge to revise this Directive (EC 2010), although not being a formal regulation, limits the values for some organic compounds, such as some PAHs and nonylphenols (maximum concentration limits 6 and 450 mg kg-1 dry matter). PAHs are formed and released into the environment as by-products of incomplete combustions through natural and man-made sources (Morillo et al. 2007). They are highly toxic, present high persistence in the environment, low biodegradability and high lipophilicity. PAHs enter to wastewater-treatment plants through the sewerage and are almost completely concentrated in sludge because of their poor solubility in water and high adsorption capacity on solid particles. NP is a biotransformation product of nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPnEOs), an important group of non-ionic surfactants that are widely used in many commercial and household functions (detergents, cosmetic products, textiles). Due to its formation in sewer system, NP is commonly detected in influent wastewater of sewage treatment plants. NP causes estrogenic responses on aquatic organisms and it was listed as a priority substance in the Water Framework Directive (EU, 2001). Different methods are being proposed to remove PAHs and NPs from contaminated sewage sludge. Among these techniques, biological ones, based on their degradation by microorganisms are considered cost effective and environmentally friendly. However, the sequestration of these compounds in the sludge matrix declines their bioavailability and reduces the biodegradation of the contaminants. The reduction of bioavailability can be avoided with the use of amendments that increase the solubility of the contaminants. Recently, biogenic compounds as cyclodextrins (CDs) or biosurfactants (BSs) have been used in environmental applications, because they increase the solubility of hydrophobic organic contaminants (Morillo and Villaverde, 2017). CDs form inclusion complexes with a wide range of guest hydrophobic molecules, which are located in the interior cavity of the CDs. The hydrophilic properties of the outer zone of the CDs solubilize the resulting complex, increasing its bioavailability. CDs are formed by glucose monomers, so microorganisms could also use CDs as a biostimulant. Biosurfactants are also biodegradable compounds produced by bacteria or yeast, and also from plants and animals. Their amphiphilic properties reduce interfacial tension and increase solubility and bioavailability of hydrophobic compounds. Rhamnolipids (RLs) are a type of BSs synthesized by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Due to their special hydrophilic and lipophilic moieties, RLs have enhanced PAH extractability from soils (Madrid et al., 2019). The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of several CDs and a RL on the removal of Pyrene, Phenanthrene and Nonylphenol from several sewage sludge samples from different WWTPs located in Sevilla (Spain) and from a composted sludge., This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (co-funded by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, FEDER), under the research project CTM2017-82472-C2-1-R.

Póster presentado en el 7th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management Crete Island, Greece, 26–29 June 2019.- El texto se puede ver en http://uest.ntua.gr/heraklion2019/proceedings/proceedings.html, Nonylphenol (NP) and nonylphenol mono (NP1EO) and diethoxylates (NP2EO; referred as NPE) are used as nonionic surfactants in a large variety of industrial and domestic applications. Although the use of NPEs has been banned under Council Directive 2003/53/EC (European Union 2003), their environmental presence and risk is still high because of its historical and pervasive widespread use. In the waste water treatments plants (WWTPs) the biodegradation of NPEs leads to an increase in the concentration of NP, much more hydrophobic. As a consequence, NP has high affinity for sludge flocs, and is recalcitrant to wastewater and sludge treatment. This is why NP is the main alkylphenol associated with sewage sludge (90%; Soares et al. 2008). Sewage sludge is rich in organic matter and nutrients, and can be utilized in land applications as fertilizer, soil conditioner and composting material. NP in sludge may harm the environment due to its endocrine disrupting properties. It can be accumulated in agricultural soils and contaminate surface water and groundwater, and even concentrate in plants and animals. Different methods have been proposed to remove organic contaminants from sewage sludge (Semblante et al., 2015), such as ozonation, Fenton treatment, UV oxidation, ultrasonication or thermal treatment, but these are expensive treatments. On the contrary, bioaugmentation, which is a procedure that involves the addition of exogenous or endogenous microorganisms to enhance the biodegradation of contaminants, is being considered as a relatively cheap and ecological treatment to further improve organic contaminants biodegradation in sewage sludge and biosolids. The aim of this work was to add NP amendments on sewage sludge to obtain degrading bacterial consortia, and then to isolate bacteria from the NP enrichment cultures in order to test for their ability to degrade it, in a search for strains appropriated for bioremediation uses. The better NP-degrading bacteria obtained will be tested for NP biodegradation in solution and on sewage sludge. The final objective of this research is to use specific NP-degrading bacteria during the period of sewage sludge composting to reduce the NP content in the final biosolids obtained., This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (co-funded by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, FEDER), under the research project CTM2017-82472-C2-1-R

Comunicación oral presentada en el VIII International Conference on Environmental, Industrial and Applied Microbiology - BioMicroWorld2018 Book of Abstracts Torremolinos-Málaga (Spain), 24-25 May 2018, The phenylurea herbicides are one of the most important and used in the world and are probably the most widely distributed contaminants in the environment. Several researchers have focused on degradation of pesticide by microorganisms. In this work, an isolated strain in our laboratory from a highly contaminated industrial site Advenella sp. JRO, has been employed for phenylurea herbicides biodegradation, in particular, diuron, linuron, chlorotoluron, isoproturon and fluometuron. All phenylureas were metabolized by Advenella sp. JRO, in a percent of biotransformation after 60 days of 58.3%, 40.0%, 39%, 59% and 15.2% for diuron, isoproturon, linuron, fluometuron and chlorotoluron respectively. 3,4-Dichloroaniline (3,4-DCA) has been described as main metabolite of diuron and linuron and is considered as highly toxic to different micro- and macroorganisms. Hence, Advenella sp. JRO was tested in our laboratory to remove it, reaching an extent of 3,4-DCA biodegradation of about 98.1% after 14 days where DT50 was 2 days.

4 páginas.-- 2 figuras.--2 tablas.-- 6 referencias.-- Comunicación oral presentada en el VIII Congreso Ibérico de las Ciencias del Suelo. VIII Congresso Ibérico de Ciências do Solo. DONOSTIA-SAN SEBASTIÁN. 20 - 22 junio 2018..-- El documento completo se encuentra para su descarga en http://www.cics2018.com/libro-de-abstracts/, [EN]: Trifluralin is an herbicide highly persistent with a strong adsorption capacity on soil particles. This compound is considered highly toxic to the environment and is included in the list of priority contaminants drawn up by European Commission (Directive 2008/105/EC), being its use as herbicide forbidden in the European zone. Although it is a fotosensitive molecule, when it reaches the soil becomes a very persistent compound, being in this case, biodegradation its principal dissipation path in soil. In this work, different bioremediation techniques are considered for application on an agricultural soil artificially contaminated with trifluralin. These techniques consist in bioaugmentation, using a microbial degrading consortium formed by different organohalogenated compounds-degrading bacterial strains, and/or cyclodextrin application as hydrosolubility enhancer compound and biostimulant for the soil endogenous flora potentially degrader of trifluralin. From the obtained results, it was concluded that both proposed bioremediation techniques were proved to be efficient, provoking a drastic increasing in herbicide biodegradation rate in soil, achieving a dissipation of the 50% of the trifluralin initially presents in the soil (DT50) in a period of less than 19 days when only cyclodextrin was used, and less than 4 days when a specific degrader consortium was employed, [ES]: Trifluralin is an herbicide highly persistent with a strong adsorption capacity on soil particles. This compound is considered highly toxic to the environment and is included in the list of priority contaminants drawn up by European Commission (Directive 2008/105/EC), being its use as herbicide forbidden in the European zone. Although it is a fotosensitive molecule, when it reaches the soil becomes a very persistent compound, being in this case, biodegradation its principal dissipation path in soil. In this work, different bioremediation techniques are considered for application on an agricultural soil artificially contaminated with trifluralin. These techniques consist in bioaugmentation, using a microbial degrading consortium formed by different organohalogenated compounds-degrading bacterial strains, and/or cyclodextrin application as hydrosolubility enhancer compound and biostimulant for the soil endogenous flora potentially degrader of trifluralin. From the obtained results, it was concluded that both proposed bioremediation techniques were proved to be efficient, provoking a drastic increasing in herbicide biodegradation rate in soil, achieving a dissipation of the 50% of the trifluralin initially presents in the soil (DT50) in a period of less than 19 days when only cyclodextrin was used, and less than 4 days when a specific degrader consortium was employed, Este trabajo pudo llevarse a cabo gracias a la financiación del Ministerio de Economía y competitividad (cofinanciado por el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, FEDER), a través del proyecto de investigación CTM2013-42599-R y de la Junta de Andalucía a través del proyecto RNM 894

In the last decades, ecofriendly methods have emerged for remove contaminated environments using different microbial species. Bioremediation has demonstrated to be an efficient tool to decontaminate pesticides polluted sites in environment. Phenylureas herbicides attenuation in the environment is primarily achieved through microbial degradation processes. In this work, a novel phenylurea degrading bacterial consortium composed of three degrading strains, including; Arthrobacter sulfonivorans N2 purchased from the Institut Pasteur Collection, Variovorax soli SRS16, kindly provided by the Dr. Sebastian R. Sorensen from Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) [1] and Advenella sp. JRO, isolated in our laboratory from a highly contaminated industrial site with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) [2], has been inoculated to enhance biodegradation. The application of microbial consortia improve the efficiency of biodegradation because the metabolic intermediate of one bacterium can be utilized by another as source carbon, thus accelerating biodegradation and avoiding potential toxic effects of the metabolites formed [3]. Enhanced degradation of phenylurea herbicides has encouraged research to isolate and characterize degrading bacteria from adapted soils. Studies emphasizing the importance of bacterial consortia with strains providing synergistic catabolic cooperation for the biodegradation of phenylurea herbicides have been lately reported [4]. Biodegradation of a given molecule could involve many types of microorganisms. This situation which is commonly found in environment and explains, at least partly, why biodegradation of many herbicides and others pollutants occurs in the presence of a consortium of microorganisms. When phenylurea herbicides biodegradation assays were conducted employing three degrader strains simultaneously (microbial degrading consortium, MDC), Arthrobacter sulfonivorans, Variovorax soli and Advenella sp. JRO, a high percentage of biodegradation could be observed in all cases (Table 1). All biodegradation curves fitted to a Hockey Stick kinetic model, except in the case of isoproturon, which was fitted to a single first order kinetic model. Fluometuron, chlorotoluron, linuron, diuron were capable to degrade 63.1%, 71.5%, 79.2% and 80.2% and the DT50 observed 2, 1, 15, 1 days, respectively. The most relevant result was obtained when the MDC was inoculated to biodegrade isoproturon, achieving an extent of isoproturon biodegradation of 99.2% and DT50 9 days., References: [1] Sørensen S, Bending GD, Jacobsen CS, Walker A, and Aamand. Microbial degradation of isoproturon and related phenylurea herbicides in and below agricultural fields. FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2003;45(1):1-11. [2] Hussain S, Arshad M, Springael D, Sørensen SR, Bending GD, Devers-Lamrani M, et al. Abiotic and biotic processes governing the fate of Phenylurea herbicides in soils: A review. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol. 2015;45(18):1947–98. [3] Sopeña F, Laiz L, Morillo E, Sanchez-Trujillo MA, Villaverde J, Jurado V, et al. Phenanthrene Biodegradation by Pseudomonas xanthomarina Isolated from an Aged Contaminated Soil. Clean - Soil, Air, Water. 2014;42(6):785–90. [4] Villaverde J, Rubio-Bellido M, Merchán F, Morillo E. Bioremediation of diuron contaminated soils by a novel degrading microbial consortium. J Environ Manage. 2017;188:379–86., de la comunicación oral presentada en el VIII International Conference on Environmental, Industrial and Applied Microbiology - BioMicroWorld2018 Torremolinos-Málaga (Spain), 24-25 May 2018

Los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria son uno de los problemas de salud pública más graves de nuestros días, tanto por su prevalencia, como por su dificultad y cronicidad. Conllevan un importante deterioro físico, psíquico y social, afectando al desempeño de los usuarios. Partiendo de esta premisa, el contexto de atención de estos trastornos debe realizarse en un espacio multidisciplinario que incluya la terapia ocupacional. El objetivo principal de esta revisión ha sido analizar las características que debe incorporar un programa de terapia ocupacional para trastornos de la conducta alimentaria. Como objetivo secundario, se ha planteado determinar el efecto que tiene el trastorno en las áreas ocupacionales, para justificar la implementación del programa de terapia ocupacional. Por último, se ha propuesto determinar la presencia de esta figura en las Unidades de Trastorno de la Conducta Alimentaria de España. Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda sistemática de bibliografía y estudios científicos, y una entrevista a una terapeuta ocupacional. Los resultados obtenido parecen indicen que los programas de terapia ocupacional aumentan las autopercepciones positivas de los pacientes, consiguiendo disminuir la ansiedad y las conductas disfuncionales, y logrando finalmente una reestructuración ocupacional y reinserción en la sociedad. En contraposición, se ha concluido una escasa presencia de la disciplina en este ámbito.

Póster presentado en el 9th European Conference on Pesticides and Related Organic Micropollutants in the Environment and 15th Symposium on Chemistry and Fate of Modern Pesticides 4 al 7 de Octubre de 2016 en Santiago de Compostela (España), The objective of the present paper was to investigate the mutual effect of the PAHs fluorene and pyrene on their respective biodegradation and dissipation processes on an agricultural soil, and the effect of hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin (HPBCD), used to increase their bioavailabity, on such processes. Fluorene dissipation was mainly due to abiotic processes, although a small biodegradation was also observed. Fluorene bioavailability did not increase in the presence of HPBCD. On the contrary, pyrene dissipation mainly depended on biotic factors, with endogenous soil microorganisms capable to degrade it. In this case, the presence of HPBCD increased pyrene biodegradation rate. Co-contamination of the soil with both PAHs did not affect fluorene evolution, but inhibited substantially pyrene biodegradation.

Thís study was conducted to determine the relationship between bioavailability, measured by biomimetic assays, of aged herbicide diuron in 10 selected soils with different properties and the amounts extracted by mild solvents. the three selected m1ld extractants were bula no!, 2-hydroxypropyl-¡3-cyclodextrin and Ca CI2. Biomimetic assays were conducted lo estimate the diuron fraclion capable lo be mineralised in s01l by a specific diuron degrader microbial consortium designed in our labaralorles. Biomimetic results showed that !he diuron fraction extracted by butanol was ¡he most reliable chemicallechnique capable lo predict both, diuron availability for mineralisation (r2 0.97, slope 1.56 and intercept -31.9). HPBCD was Ihe second mild extractan! capable lo estimate he biomimetic results being the worst results showed by using Ca CI2 solution. The dala presented demonstrated Ihal a solvent extraction (butanol) procedure may serve as the basis for a simple and rapid procedure for assessing diuron bioavailability in soils with different characteristics.

4 páginas.-- 1 figura.-- 2 tablas.-- 4 referencias.-- Comunicación presentada en el VII Congresso Ibérico das Ciências do Solo (CICS 2016) / VI Congresso Nacional de Rega e Drenagem, 13-15 de Setembro de 2016, Puede descargar el Libro de Actas completo en https://www.ipbeja.pt/eventos/VIICICS-VICNRD/Paginas/Apresentacao.aspx, [ES]: El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la relación entre la biodisponibilidad del herbicida diurón envejecido (hasta 100 días), realizando ensayos de mineralización, y las cantidades detectadas mediante extracciones no exhaustivas, en 10 suelos con diferentes propiedades físico-químicas. En este estudio, los tres agentes extractantesseleccionados fueron butanol, 2-hidroxipropil-β-ciclodextrina(HPBCD) y CaCl2. Los ensayos de mineralizaciónse llevaron a cabo para estimar la fraccióndel herbicida diurón capaz de ser mineralizada en los suelos por un consorcio microbiano degradador específico de este herbicida diseñado en nuestros laboratorios. Lascorrelaciones lineales entre las extracciones y las mineralizaciones en dichos ensayos mostraron que la extración con butanol resulta la técnica más fiable a la hora de predecir la disponibilidad de diurón (r2 0.97, 1.56 pendiente y la intersección -31,9). HPBCD resultó ser el segundo mejor extractante seguido de CaCl2. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que la extracción con butanol puede servir en un suelo contaminado como un procedimiento sencillo y rápido para la estimación de la biodisponibilidad de diuron en sueloaportando una información útil respecto ala potencial toxicidad del residuo envejecido así como sobre la necesidad o viabilidad de la aplicación de una técnica de biorrecuperaciónin situ., [EN]: This study was conducted to determine the relationship between bioavailability, measured by biomimetic assays, of aged herbicide diuron in 10 selected soils with different properties and the amounts extracted by mild solvents. The three selected mild extractants were butanol, 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and CaCl2. Biomimetic assays were conducted to estimate the diuron fraction capable to be mineralised in soil by a specific diuron degrader microbial consortium designed in our laboratories. Biomimetic results showed that the diuron fraction extracted by butanol was the most reliable chemical technique capable to predict both, diuron availability for mineralisation (r2 0.97, slope 1.56 and intercept -31.9). HPBCD was the second mild extractant capable to estimate he biomimetic results being the worst results showed by using CaCl2 solution. The data presented demonstrated that a solvent extraction (butanol) procedure may serve as the basis for a simple and rapid procedure for assessing diuron bioavailability in soils with different characteristics, Proyecto de investigación CTM 2013-42599-R (cofinanciado por FEDER) del Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO). Rubio- Bellido, M. agradece por el contrato de investigación disfrutado gracias al proyecto P12-RNM-894.

Different results were found for each consortium employed in this study, which were isolated by the enrichment technique from two different agricultural soils that had been managed with pesticides during more than 10 years. Isolated consortia were proved in diuron mineralisation in soil slurries where, in all cases, DT50 was drastically reduced regarding to the noninoculated soil. Hydroxypropyl-~-cyclodextrin (HPBCD) was used as diuron bioavailability enhancer in combination with bioaugmentation (Cl), where a 52.% of the extent of mineralisation was reached and a strong decreasing of DT50 was determined (44 days). This work shows for the first time the capacity of microbial consortia isolated from different agricultural soils managed with pesticides, and in the presence of HPBCD, to achieve an improvement ofthe herbicide bioavailability in soil accelerating diuron bioremediation., This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under the research project CTM2013-42599-R and Junta de Andalucía Project RNM 894. Poster presentado en el 9th European Conference on Pesticides and Related Organic Micropollutants in the Environment. 15th Symposium on Chemistry and Fate of Modern Pesticides Santiago de Compostela, Spain October 4th - 7th 2016

Con el objetivo de estudiar el comportamiento del herbicida Diurón en el sistema suelo-agua, se realizaron ensayos de adsorción- desorción y de lixiviación en columnas de suelos. Para la adsorción del herbicida diurón en los suelos con propiedades físico-químicas diferentes, las variables significativas fueron la materia orgánica (MO), óxidos amorfos totales y la fracción arcilla. La desorción de los suelos presentó histéresis en todos los casos, aunque una histéresis positiva cuando se extrajo con Ca (NO3)2 y una histéresis negativa cuando se utilizó ciclodextrina (HPBCD). El porcentaje de diurón eluido en las columnas de suelos seleccionados alcanzó casi el 83,1% en un suelo arenoso con contenido en MO

Ponencia presentada en el XV Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Malherbología SEMh 2015 “La Malherbología y la Transferencia Tecnológica” Sevilla, 19 al 22 de octubre de 2015, [EN]: In order to study the behavior of the herbicide Diuron in the soil-water system, adsorption-desorption tests and leaching in soil columns were performed. For the adsorption of diuron in soils with different hysicochemical properoxides and clay fraction. Soil desorption hysteresis was observed in all cases a positive hysteresis when extracted with Ca(NO3)2 and a negative hysteresis when cyclodextrin (HPBCD) was used. The percentage of diuron eluted from sore columns reached almost 83.1% in a sandy soil with of the herbicide eluted was 6.65%., [ES]: Con el objetivo de estudiar el comportamiento del herbicida Diurón en el sistema suelo-agua, se realizaron ensayos de adsorción-desorción y de lixiviación en columnas de suelos. Para la adsorción del herbicida diurón en los suelos con propiedades físico-químicas di- óxidos amorfos totales y la fracción arcilla. La desorción de los suelos presentó histéresis en todos los casos, aunque una histéresis positiva cuando se extrajo con Ca (NO3)2 y una histéresis negativa cuando se utilizó ciclodextrina (HPBCD). El porcentaje de diurón eluido en las columnas de suelos seleccionados alcanzó casi el 83,1% en un suelo arenoso - tenido en MO, la cantidad diuida del herbicida fue sólo del 6,65%., Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER). Beca predoctoral JAE-CSIC de M. Rubio-Bellido. L. Ruda colaboró como personal de laboratorio en la ejecución de los experimentos.

237 páginas.-- 55 figuras.-- 40 tablas.-- sobre 390 referencias.-- Tesis presentada para optar al grado de Doctor., Tutor: Dr. D. Isidoro Ángel Gómez Parrales Profesor Titular, Universidad de Sevilla, La denominación de plaguicidas incluye una amplia variedad de productos muy diferentes en su composición y propiedades a pesar de su utilización común. Para los fines del Codex Alimentarius (Comisión creada en 1963 por la Food and Agricultural Organization, FAO, y la Organización Mundial de la Salud, OMS o WHO, World Health Organization, pertenecientes a la ONU), se entiende por plaguicida o pesticida “cualquier sustancia destinada a prevenir, destruir, atraer, repeler o combatir cualquier plaga, incluidas especies indeseadas de plantas o animales, durante la producción y/o almacenamiento, transporte, distribución y elaboración de alimentos, productos agrícolas o alimentos para animales, o que pueda administrarse a los animales para combatir ectoparásitos”. Los plaguicidas tienen diversos usos:  Plaguicidas de uso fitosanitario o productos fitosanitarios, destinados a su utilización en el ámbito de la sanidad vegetal, para combatir malezas u otros organismos indeseables.  Plaguicidas de uso ganadero, destinados a su utilización en el entorno de los animales o en las actividades estrechamente relacionadas con su explotación.  Plaguicidas para uso en la industria alimentaria, utilizados en tratamientos externos de transformación de vegetales, de productos de origen animal y de sus envases, así como los destinados al tratamiento de locales, instalaciones o maquinarias relacionadas con la industria alimentaria.  Plaguicidas de uso ambiental, empleados en operaciones de desinfección, desinsectación y desratización en locales públicos o privados, establecimientos fijos o móviles, medios de transporte e instalaciones.  Plaguicidas para uso en higiene personal, aquellos preparados que se pueden aplicar directamente sobre el hombre.  Plaguicidas para uso doméstico, cualquiera de los definidos anteriormente, autorizados expresamente para que puedan ser aplicados por personas no especialmente cualificadas en viviendas y otros locales habitados. Para que un plaguicida sea aceptable para su uso como tal, debe reunir las siguientes cualidades: - Efectividad en la destrucción de la plaga contra la que se aplica. - Selectividad en su acción sobre su objetivo, en cuyo caso no puede perjudicar la flora o fauna beneficiosa.- Economía, proporcionando mayores beneficios que los gastos que ocasiona su uso. - Seguridad, no suponer un peligro para la salud del ser humano. - Estabilidad durante el tiempo necesario para el desarrollo de su acción. - Posibilidad de formulación a los efectos de aplicabilidad, estabilidad y efectividad. - Anillos saturados o los alcanos muy ramificados., Beca JAE-PreDoc en el marco del Programa “Junta de Ampliación de Estudios” (JAEPre-2010), asociada a un Proyecto del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (CTM2009-07335) cofinanciado por el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), cuyo título es "Envejecimiento y biodisponibilidad de residuos de plaguicidas en suelos contaminados y su modelización”.