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2. A decade of incorporating social sciences in the Integrated Marine Biosphere Research Project (IMBeR): Much Done, Much to Do?

Author

van Putten, I., Kelly, R., Cavanagh, R.D., Murphy, E.J., Breckwoldt, A., Brodie, S., Cvitanovic, C., Dickey-Collas, M., Maddison, L., Melbourne-Thomas, J., Arrizabalaga, H., Azetsu-Scott, K., Beckley, L.E., Bellerby, R., Constable, A.J., Cowie, G., Evans, K., Glaser, M., Hall, J., Hobday, A.J., Johnston, N.M., Llopiz, J.K., Mueter, F., Muller-Karger, F.E., Weng, K.C., Wolf-Gladrow, D., Xavier, J.C., van Putten, I., Kelly, R., Cavanagh, R.D., Murphy, E.J., Breckwoldt, A., Brodie, S., Cvitanovic, C., Dickey-Collas, M., Maddison, L., Melbourne-Thomas, J., Arrizabalaga, H., Azetsu-Scott, K., Beckley, L.E., Bellerby, R., Constable, A.J., Cowie, G., Evans, K., Glaser, M., Hall, J., Hobday, A.J., Johnston, N.M., Llopiz, J.K., Mueter, F., Muller-Karger, F.E., Weng, K.C., Wolf-Gladrow, D., and Xavier, J.C.

Abstract

Successful management and mitigation of marine challenges depends on cooperation and knowledge sharing which often occurs across culturally diverse geographic regions. Global ocean science collaboration is therefore essential for developing global solutions. Building effective global research networks that can enable collaboration also need to ensure inter- and transdisciplinary research approaches to tackle complex marine socio-ecological challenges. To understand the contribution of interdisciplinary global research networks to solving these complex challenges, we use the Integrated Marine Biosphere Research (IMBeR) project as a case study. We investigated the diversity and characteristics of 1,827 scientists from 11 global regions who were attendees at different IMBeR global science engagement opportunities since 2009. We also determined the role of social science engagement in natural science based regional programmes (using key informants) and identified the potential for enhanced collaboration in the future. Event attendees were predominantly from western Europe, North America, and East Asia. But overall, in the global network, there was growing participation by females, students and early career researchers, and social scientists, thus assisting in moving toward interdisciplinarity in IMBeR research. The mainly natural science oriented regional programmes showed mixed success in engaging and collaborating with social scientists. This was mostly attributed to the largely natural science (i.e., biological, physical) goals and agendas of the programmes, and the lack of institutional support and push to initiate connections with social science. Recognising that social science research may not be relevant to all the aims and activities of all regional programmes, all researchers however, recognised the (potential) benefits of interdisciplinarity, which included broadening scientists’ understanding and perspectives, developing connections and interlinkages, and mak

Published
2021

6. An upgraded carbon-based method to estimate the anthropogenic fraction of dissolved CO2 in the Atlantic Ocean

Author

Vázquez Rodríguez, Marcos, Padín, X. A., Ríos, Aida F., Bellerby, R. G. J., and Pérez, Fiz F.

Abstract

45 páginas, 3 tablas, 7 figuras.-- This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License, An upgrade of classical methods to calculate the anthropogenic carbon (Cant) signal based on estimates of the preformed dissolved inorganic carbon (CT) is proposed and applied to modern Atlantic sections. The main progress has been the use of subsurface layer data (100–200 m) to reconstruct water mass formation conditions and obtain better estimates of preformed properties. This practice also eliminates the need for arbitrary zero-Cant references that are usually based on properties independent of the carbon system, like the CFC content. The long-term variability of preformed total alkalinity (AT) has been considered and the temporal variability of the air-sea CO2 disequilibrium (ΔCdis) included in the formulation. The change of ΔCdis with time has shown to have non-negligible biases on Cant estimates, producing a 4 μmol kg average decrease. The proposed φCT method produces substantial differences in the Cant inventories of the Southern Ocean and Nordic Seas (~18% of the total inventory for the Atlantic) compared with recent Cant inventories. The overall calculated Atlantic Cant inventory referenced to 1994 is 55±13 Pg C, which reconciles the estimates obtained from classical CT-based Cant calculation methods, like the ΔC*, and newly introduced approaches like the TrOCA or the TTD methods., This study was developed and funded by the European Commission within the 6th Framework Programme (EU FP6 CARBOOCEAN Integrated Project, Contract no. 511176), Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia (CTM2006-27116-E/MAR), Xunta de Galicia (PGIDIT05PXIC40203PM), Accion Integrada Hispano-Francesa (HF2006-0094) and the French research project OVIDE. M. Vazquez-Rodriguez is funded by Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC) I3P predoctoral grant program I3P-BPD2005. Funding for Richard G. J. Bellerby was provided from grant no. 511176 (GOCE).

Published
2018

7. Mesocosm CO2 perturbation studies: from organism to community level

Author

Riebesell, U., Bellerby, R. G. J., Grossart, H.-P., Thingstad, F., EGU, Publication, Leibniz Institute of Marine Science at the University of Kiel (IFM-GEOMAR), Kiel University, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (BCCR), Department of Biological Sciences [Bergen] (BIO / UiB), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), Geophysical Institute [Bergen] (GFI / BiU), University of Bergen (UiB), Leibniz-Institut für Gewässerökologie und Binnenfischerei (IGB), Leibniz Association, and Department of Biology

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, lcsh:QE1-996.5, lcsh:Life, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [SDU.ASTR] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], [SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], lcsh:Geology, lcsh:QH501-531, [PHYS.ASTR.CO] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], lcsh:QH540-549.5, [SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, lcsh:Ecology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience; No abstract available.

Published
2008

9. Development and delivery of scientific knowledge and policy guidance on high latitude ocean acidification through different international organizational platforms

Author

Bellerby, R., Browman, H., Chen, W., Constable, A., Dupont, S., Kurihari, H., Hoppema, Mario, Lenton, A., Lovenduski, N., Lo Monaco, C., Mathis, J., Murphy, E., Shadwick, E., Suckling, C., Trimborn, Scarlett, Bellerby, R., Browman, H., Chen, W., Constable, A., Dupont, S., Kurihari, H., Hoppema, Mario, Lenton, A., Lovenduski, N., Lo Monaco, C., Mathis, J., Murphy, E., Shadwick, E., Suckling, C., and Trimborn, Scarlett

Published
2016

10. Effect of increased pCO2 on the planktonic metabolic balance during a mesocosm experiment in an Arctic fjord

Author

Tanaka, T., Alliouane, S., Bellerby, R. G. B., Czerny, J., Kluijver, A., Riebesell, U., Schulz, K. G., Silyakova, A., Gattuso, J. -P., Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), Leibniz-Institut für Meereswissenschaften (IFM-GEOMAR), CNRS-INSU, and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
lcsh:Geology, lcsh:QH501-531, lcsh:QH540-549.5, lcsh:QE1-996.5, lcsh:Life, lcsh:Ecology, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography
Abstract

The effect of ocean acidification on the balance between gross community production (GCP) and community respiration (CR) (i.e., net community production, NCP) of plankton communities was investigated in summer 2010 in Kongsfjorden, west of Svalbard. Surface water, which was characterized by low concentrations of dissolved inorganic nutrients and chlorophyll a (a proxy of phytoplankton biomass), was enclosed in nine mesocosms and subjected to eight pCO2 levels (two replicated controls and seven enhanced pCO2 treatments) for one month. Nutrients were added to all mesocosms on day 13 of the experiment, and thereafter increase of chlorophyll a was provoked in all mesocosms. No clear trend in response to increasing pCO2 was found in the daily values of NCP, CR, and GCP. For further analysis, these parameters were cumulated for the following three periods: phase 1 – end of CO2 manipulation until nutrient addition (t4 to t13); phase 2 – nutrient addition until the second chlorophyll a minimum (t14 to t21); phase 3 – the second chlorophyll a minimum until the end of this study (t22 to t28). A significant response was detected as a decrease of NCP with increasing pCO2 during phase 3. CR was relatively stable throughout the experiment in all mesocosms. As a result, the cumulative GCP significantly decreased with increasing pCO2 during phase 3. After the nutrient addition, the ratios of cumulative NCP to cumulative consumption of NO3 and PO4 showed a significant decrease during phase 3 with increasing pCO2. The results suggest that elevated pCO2 influenced cumulative NCP and stoichiometric C and nutrient coupling of the plankton community in a high-latitude fjord only for a limited period. However provided that there were some differences or weak correlations between NCP data based on different methods in the same experiment, this conclusion should be taken with caution.

Published
2013
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13. Phytoplankton dynamics in contrasting early stage North Atlantic spring blooms: composition, succession, and potential drivers

Author

Daniels, C.J., Poulton, A.J., Esposito, M., Paulsen, M.L., Bellerby, R., St John, M., Martin, A.P., Daniels, C.J., Poulton, A.J., Esposito, M., Paulsen, M.L., Bellerby, R., St John, M., and Martin, A.P.

Abstract

The spring bloom is a key annual event in the phenology of pelagic ecosystems, making a major contribution to the oceanic biological carbon pump through the production and export of organic carbon. However, there is little consensus as to the main drivers of spring bloom formation, exacerbated by a lack of in situ observations of the phytoplankton community composition and its evolution during this critical period. We investigated the dynamics of the phytoplankton community structure at two contrasting sites in the Iceland and Norwegian basins during the early stage (25 March–25 April) of the 2012 North Atlantic spring bloom. The plankton composition and characteristics of the initial stages of the bloom were markedly different between the two basins. The Iceland Basin (ICB) appeared well mixed down to >400 m, yet surface chlorophyll a (0.27–2.2 mg m−3) and primary production (0.06–0.66 mmol C m−3 d−1) were elevated in the upper 100 m. Although the Norwegian Basin (NWB) had a persistently shallower mixed layer (<100 m), chlorophyll a (0.58–0.93 mg m−3) and primary production (0.08–0.15 mmol C m−3 d−1) remained lower than in the ICB, with picoplankton (<2 μm) dominating chlorophyll a biomass. The ICB phytoplankton composition appeared primarily driven by the physicochemical environment, with periodic events of increased mixing restricting further increases in biomass. In contrast, the NWB phytoplankton community was potentially limited by physicochemical and/or biological factors such as grazing. Diatoms dominated the ICB, with the genus Chaetoceros (1–166 cells mL−1) being succeeded by Pseudo-nitzschia (0.2–210 cells mL−1). However, large diatoms (>10 μm) were virtually absent (<0.5 cells mL−1) from the NWB, with only small nano-sized (<5 μm) diatoms (i.e. Minidiscus spp.) present (101–600 cells mL−1). We suggest microzooplankton grazing, potentially coupled with the lack of a seed population of bloom-forming diatoms, was restricting diatom growth in the NWB, and th

Published
2015

14. Fluxes of carbon and nutrients to the Iceland Sea surface layer and inferred primary productivity and stoichiometry

Author

Jeansson, E., Bellerby, R. G. J., Skjelvan, I., Frigstad, H., Olafsdottir, S. R., Olafsson, J., Jeansson, E., Bellerby, R. G. J., Skjelvan, I., Frigstad, H., Olafsdottir, S. R., and Olafsson, J.

Abstract

This study evaluates long-term mean fluxes of carbon and nutrients to the upper 100m of the Iceland Sea. The study utilises hydro-chemical data from the Iceland Sea time series station (68.00 degrees N, 12.67 degrees W), for the years between 1993 and 2006. By comparing data of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and nutrients in the surface layer (upper 100 m), and a sub-surface layer (100-200 m), we calculate monthly deficits in the surface, and use these to deduce the long-term mean surface layer fluxes that affect the deficits: vertical mixing, horizontal advection, air-sea exchange, and biological activity. The deficits show a clear seasonality with a minimum in winter, when the mixed layer is at the deepest, and a maximum in early autumn, when biological uptake has removed much of the nutrients. The annual vertical fluxes of DIC and nitrate amounts to 2.9 +/- 0.5 and 0.45 +/- 0.09 mol m(-2) yr(-1), respectively, and the annual air-sea uptake of atmospheric CO2 is 4.4 +/- 1.1 mol C m(-2) yr(-1). The biologically driven changes in DIC during the year relates to net community production (NCP), and the net annual NCP corresponds to export production, and is here calculated as 7.3 +/- 1.0 mol C m(-2) yr(-1). The typical, median C : N ratio during the period of net community uptake is 9.0, and clearly higher than the Redfield ratio, but is varying during the season.

Published
2015
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15. Southern Ocean acidification

Author

Bellerby, R. G. J., Suckling, C., Shadwick, R. E., Trimborn, Scarlett, Hoppema, Mario, Lovenduski, N. S., Lenton, A., Kurihara, H., Lo Monaco, C., Murphy, E. J., Constable, A., Bellerby, R. G. J., Suckling, C., Shadwick, R. E., Trimborn, Scarlett, Hoppema, Mario, Lovenduski, N. S., Lenton, A., Kurihara, H., Lo Monaco, C., Murphy, E. J., and Constable, A.

Published
2015

17. Effects of CO2 on particle size distribution and phytoplankton abundance during a mesocosm bloom experiment (PeECE II)

Author

Engel, A., Schulz, K. G., Riebesell, U., Bellerby, R., Bruno Delille, and Schartau, M.

Subjects
fungi, ddc:551
Abstract

The influence of seawater carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration on the size distribution of suspended particles (2–60 μm) and on phytoplankton abundance was investigated during a mesocosm experiment at the large scale facility (LFS) in Bergen, Norway, in the frame of the Pelagic Ecosystem CO2 Enrichment study (PeECE II). In nine outdoor enclosures the partial pressure of CO2 in seawater was modified by an aeration system to simulate past (~190 μatm CO2), present (~370 μatm CO2) and future (~700 μatm CO2) CO2 conditions in triplicates. Due to the initial addition of inorganic nutrients, phytoplankton blooms developed in all mesocosms and were monitored over a period of 19 days. Seawater samples were collected daily for analysing the abundance of suspended particles and phytoplankton with the Coulter Counter and with Flow Cytometry, respectively. During the bloom period, the abundance of small particles (2 levels. At that time, a direct relationship between the total-surface-to-total-volume ratio of suspended particles and DIC concentration was determined for all mesocosms. Significant changes with respect to the CO2 treatment were also observed in the phytoplankton community structure. While some populations such as diatoms seemed to be insensitive to the CO2 treatment, others like Micromonas spp. increased with CO2, or showed maximum abundance at present day CO2 (i.e. Emiliania huxleyi). The strongest response to CO2 was observed in the abundance of small autotrophic nano-plankton that strongly increased during the bloom in the past CO2 mesocosms. Together, changes in particle size distribution and phytoplankton community indicate a complex interplay between the ability of the cells to physiologically respond to changes in CO2 and size selection. Size of cells is of general importance for a variety of processes in marine systems such as diffusion-limited uptake of substrates, resource allocation, predator-prey interaction, and gravitational settling. The observed changes in particle size distribution are therefore discussed with respect to biogeochemical cycling and ecosystem functioning.

Published
2008
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18. Primary production during nutrient-induced blooms at elevated CO2 concentrations

Author

Egge, J. K., Thingstad, T. F., Engel, A., Bellerby, R. G. J., Riebesell, U., Department of Biology, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (BCCR), Department of Biological Sciences [Bergen] (BIO / UiB), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), Leibniz-Institut für Meereswissenschaften (IFM-GEOMAR), and EGU, Publication

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], [PHYS.ASTR.CO] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, fungi, [SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [SDU.ASTR] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, [SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract

International audience; Mesocosms experiments (PeECE II and PeECE III) were carried out in 9 transparent mesocosms. Prior to the experimental period, the seawater carbonate system was manipulated to achieve three different levels of CO2. At the onset of the experimental period, nutrients were added to all mesocosms in order to initiate phytoplankton blooms. Rates of primary production were measured by in-situ incubations using 14C-incorporation and oxygen production/consumption. Particulate primary production by 14C was also size fractionated and compared with phytoplankton species composition. Nutrient supply increased the primary production rates, and a net autotrophic phase with 14C-fixation rates up to 4 times higher than initial was observed midway through the 24 days experiment before net community production returned to near-zero and 14C-fixation rates relaxed back to lower than initial. We found a trend in the 14C-based measurements towards higher cumulative primary production at higher pCO2, consistent with recently published results for DIC removal (Riebesell et al., 2007). There where found differences to the size fractionated primary production response to CO2 treatments. The plankton composition changes throughout the bloom, however, resulted in no significant response until the final phase of the experiment where phytoplankton growth became nutrient limited, and phytoplankton community changed from diatom to flagellate dominance. This opens for the two alternative hypotheses that such an effect is associated with mineral nutrient limited growth, and/or with phytoplankton species composition. The lack of a clear net heterotrophic phase in the last part of the experiment supports the idea that a substantial part of production in the upper layer was not degraded locally, but either accumulated there or was exported vertically.

Published
2007

20. Pelagic Ecosystems in a High CO2 Ocean: the Mesocosm Approach

Author

Riebesell, Ulf, Allgaier, M., Avgoustidi, V., Bellerby, R., Carbonnel, V., Chou, L., Delille, B., Egge, J., Engel, Anja, Grossart, H.-P., Huonnic, P., Jansen, S., Johannessen, T., Joint, I., Krigstad, S., Lovdal, T., Martin-Jézéquel, V., Moros, C., Mühling, M., Nightingale, M., Passow, U., Rost, B., Schulz, Kai, Skjelvan, I., Terbrüggen, A., and Trimborn, S.

Published
2004

21. Physical controls on the dynamics of phytoplankton biomass, carbon flux and trophic interactions in the NorthAtlantic during the transition from regimes of winter convection to spring stratification - Cruise No.M87/1 – March 19 – May 02, 2012 – Lisbon (Portugal) – Reykjavik (Iceland).

Author

Christiansen, B., Backhaus, J., Agersted, M., Basedow, S., Bellerby, R., Blackett, M., Bohata, K., Buchholz, Cornelia, Buchholz, Friedrich, Daniels, C., Davis, C., de Lange, T., Denda, A., Eckardt, A., Esposito, M., Giering, S., Grenvald, J., Holste, L., Jacob, K., Jacob, J., Janßen, S., Jeansson, E., Koppelmann, R., Koski, M., Lindemann, C., Martin, B., Menden-Deuer, S., Möller, K., Morison, F., Naumann, A.K., Nondal, G., Pankoke, L., Paulsen, M., Reichelt, T., Riisgaard, K., Silva, T., St.John, M., Walter, B., Christiansen, B., Backhaus, J., Agersted, M., Basedow, S., Bellerby, R., Blackett, M., Bohata, K., Buchholz, Cornelia, Buchholz, Friedrich, Daniels, C., Davis, C., de Lange, T., Denda, A., Eckardt, A., Esposito, M., Giering, S., Grenvald, J., Holste, L., Jacob, K., Jacob, J., Janßen, S., Jeansson, E., Koppelmann, R., Koski, M., Lindemann, C., Martin, B., Menden-Deuer, S., Möller, K., Morison, F., Naumann, A.K., Nondal, G., Pankoke, L., Paulsen, M., Reichelt, T., Riisgaard, K., Silva, T., St.John, M., and Walter, B.

Published
2014

22. Acidification of the Southern Ocean

Author

Bellerby, R., Lo Monaco, C., Lovenduski, N., Lenton, A., Haruko, K., Trimborn, Scarlett, Hoppema, Mario, Suckling, C., Meredith, M., Bellerby, R., Lo Monaco, C., Lovenduski, N., Lenton, A., Haruko, K., Trimborn, Scarlett, Hoppema, Mario, Suckling, C., and Meredith, M.

Abstract

A major, potential stressor of marine ecosystems is the changing water chemistry following the present and simulated future increase in seawater carbon dioxide (CO2), concentration. Increasing CO2 causes a lowering of pH and a re-organisation of the marine carbonate system, commonly termed ocean acidification. Global average long-term ocean acidification projections are intimately linked with future atmospheric CO2 levels, however the local expression of this global ocean acidification is much more heterogeneous, as local oceanic processes alter the average expectations of future ocean acidification. Evidence has mounted over the past years showing the importance of these ‘bottom-up’ local oceanic processes, both natural and anthropogenic, to altering the rate of ocean acidification from the long-term atmospheric top-down perspective. The challenge for Southern Ocean acidification are advancing the observations and constraints at understanding the underlining natural variability and the mechanisms that drive it, which are still poor. Pelagic ecosystems are changing fast, especially in the productive, euphotic zone. Autotrophic production may be changing in the surface Southern Ocean through increased primary productivity and a changing stoichiometry of oceanic primary production. This will have consequences both for energy flow and nutrient transport though Southern ocean ecosystems. Calcifying plankton, such as pteropods, have been shown to be adversely effected by current Southern Ocean acidification. These organisms are prominent players in the Southern Ocean ecosystem both as predator and prey, and control to a significant degree the export of carbon and other elements to the intermediate and deep ocean. There is concern over the future of polar marine organisms that are uniquely adapted towards their extreme and cold surroundings. In an environment where development is ten times slower than that in warmer regions of the world, the ability of these (mostly benth

Published
2014

23. Southern Ocean ecosystems and ocean acidification

Author

Bellerby, R. G. J., Lo Monaco, C., Lovenduski, N. S., Lenton, A., Kurihara, H., Trimborn, Scarlett, Hoppema, Mario, Suckling, C., Meredith, M., Bellerby, R. G. J., Lo Monaco, C., Lovenduski, N. S., Lenton, A., Kurihara, H., Trimborn, Scarlett, Hoppema, Mario, Suckling, C., and Meredith, M.

Published
2014

28. Temporal biomass dynamics of an Arctic plankton bloom in response to increasing levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide

Author

Schulz, Kai G., Bellerby, R. G. J., Brussaard, C. P. D., Büdenbender, Jan, Czerny, Jan, Engel, Anja, Fischer, Matthias, Koch-Klavsen, Signe, Krug, Sebastian, Lischka, Silke, Ludwig, Andrea, Meyerhöfer, Michael, Nondal, G., Silyakova, A., Stuhr, Annegret, Riebesell, Ulf, Schulz, Kai G., Bellerby, R. G. J., Brussaard, C. P. D., Büdenbender, Jan, Czerny, Jan, Engel, Anja, Fischer, Matthias, Koch-Klavsen, Signe, Krug, Sebastian, Lischka, Silke, Ludwig, Andrea, Meyerhöfer, Michael, Nondal, G., Silyakova, A., Stuhr, Annegret, and Riebesell, Ulf

Published
2013
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29. Response of halocarbons to ocean acidification in the Arctic

Author

Hopkins, F. E., Kimmance, S. A., Stephens, J. A., Bellerby, R. G. J., Brussaard, C. P. D., Czerny, Jan, Schulz, Kai G., Archer, S. D., Hopkins, F. E., Kimmance, S. A., Stephens, J. A., Bellerby, R. G. J., Brussaard, C. P. D., Czerny, Jan, Schulz, Kai G., and Archer, S. D.

Published
2013
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30. A uniform, quality controlled Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)

Author

Pfeil, B., Olsen, A., Bakker, D. C. E., Hankin, S., Koyuk, H., Kozyr, A., Malczyk, J., Manke, A., Metzl, N., Sabine, C. L., Akl, J., Alin, S. R., Bellerby, R. G. J., Borges, A., Boutin, J., Brown, P. J., Cai, W.-J., Chavez, F. P., Chen, A., Cosca, C., Fassbender, A. J., Feely, R. A., González-Dávila, M., Goyet, C., Hardman-Mountford, N., Heinze, C., Hood, M., Hoppema, M., Hunt, C. W., Hydes, D., Ishii, M., Johannessen, T., Jones, S. D., Key, R. M., Körtzinger, A., Landschützer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefèvre, N., Lenton, A., Lourantou, A., Merlivat, L., Midorikawa, T., Mintrop, L., Miyazaki, C., Murata, A., Nakadate, A., Nakano, Y., Nakaoka, S., Nojiri, Y., Omar, A. M., Padin, X. A., Park, G.-H., Paterson, K., Perez, F. F., Pierrot, D., Poisson, A., Ríos, A. F., Santana-Casiano, J. M., Salisbury, J., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schlitzer, R., Schneider, B., Schuster, U., Sieger, R., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, Tobias, Suzuki, T., Takahashi, T., Tedesco, K., Telszewski, M., Thomas, H., Tilbrook, B., Tjiputra, J., Vandemark, D., Veness, T., Wanninkhof, R., Watson, A. J., Weiss, R., Wong, C. S., Yoshikawa-Inoue, H., Pfeil, B., Olsen, A., Bakker, D. C. E., Hankin, S., Koyuk, H., Kozyr, A., Malczyk, J., Manke, A., Metzl, N., Sabine, C. L., Akl, J., Alin, S. R., Bellerby, R. G. J., Borges, A., Boutin, J., Brown, P. J., Cai, W.-J., Chavez, F. P., Chen, A., Cosca, C., Fassbender, A. J., Feely, R. A., González-Dávila, M., Goyet, C., Hardman-Mountford, N., Heinze, C., Hood, M., Hoppema, M., Hunt, C. W., Hydes, D., Ishii, M., Johannessen, T., Jones, S. D., Key, R. M., Körtzinger, A., Landschützer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefèvre, N., Lenton, A., Lourantou, A., Merlivat, L., Midorikawa, T., Mintrop, L., Miyazaki, C., Murata, A., Nakadate, A., Nakano, Y., Nakaoka, S., Nojiri, Y., Omar, A. M., Padin, X. A., Park, G.-H., Paterson, K., Perez, F. F., Pierrot, D., Poisson, A., Ríos, A. F., Santana-Casiano, J. M., Salisbury, J., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schlitzer, R., Schneider, B., Schuster, U., Sieger, R., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, Tobias, Suzuki, T., Takahashi, T., Tedesco, K., Telszewski, M., Thomas, H., Tilbrook, B., Tjiputra, J., Vandemark, D., Veness, T., Wanninkhof, R., Watson, A. J., Weiss, R., Wong, C. S., and Yoshikawa-Inoue, H.

Abstract

A well documented, publicly available, global data set of surface ocean carbon dioxide (CO2) parameters has been called for by international groups for nearly two decades. The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) project was initiated by the international marine carbon science community in 2007 with the aim of providing a comprehensive, publicly available, regularly updated, global data set of marine surface CO2, which had been subject to quality control (QC). Many additional CO2 data, not yet made public via the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC), were retrieved from data originators, public websites and other data centres. All data were put in a uniform format following a strict protocol. Quality control was carried out according to clearly defined criteria. Regional specialists performed the quality control, using state-of-the-art web-based tools, specially developed for accomplishing this global team effort. SOCAT version 1.5 was made public in September 2011 and holds 6.3 million quality controlled surface CO2 data points from the global oceans and coastal seas, spanning four decades (1968–2007). Three types of data products are available: individual cruise files, a merged complete data set and gridded products. With the rapid expansion of marine CO2 data collection and the importance of quantifying net global oceanic CO2 uptake and its changes, sustained data synthesis and data access are priorities

Published
2013

31. Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) Gridded Data Products

Author

Sabine, C. L., Hankin, S., Koyuk, H., Bakker, D. C. E., Pfeil, B., Olsen, A., Metzl, N., Kozyr, A., Fassbender, A., Manke, A., Malczyk, J., Akl, J., Alin, S. R., Bellerby, R. G. J., Borges, A., Boutin, J., Brown, P. J., Cai, W. -j., Chavez, F. P., Chen, A., Cosca, C., Feely, R. A., Gonzalez-davila, M., Goyet, C., Hardman-mountford, N., Heinze, C., Hoppema, M., Hunt, C. W., Hydes, D., Ishii, M., Johannessen, T., Key, R. M., Koertzinger, A., Landschuetzer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefevre, N., Lenton, A., Lourantou, A., Merlivat, L., Midorikawa, T., Mintrop, L., Miyazaki, C., Murata, A., Nakadate, A., Nakano, Y., Nakaoka, S., Nojiri, Y., Omar, A. M., Padin, X. A., Park, G. -h., Paterson, K., Perez, F.f., Pierrot, D., Poisson, A., Rios, A. F., Salisbury, J., Santana-casiano, J. M., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schlitzer, R., Schneider, B., Schuster, U., Sieger, R., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Suzuki, T., Takahashi, T., Tedesco, K., Telszewski, M., Thomas, H., Tilbrook, B., Vandemark, D., Veness, T., Watson, A. J., Weiss, R., Wong, C. S., Yoshikawa-inoue, H., Sabine, C. L., Hankin, S., Koyuk, H., Bakker, D. C. E., Pfeil, B., Olsen, A., Metzl, N., Kozyr, A., Fassbender, A., Manke, A., Malczyk, J., Akl, J., Alin, S. R., Bellerby, R. G. J., Borges, A., Boutin, J., Brown, P. J., Cai, W. -j., Chavez, F. P., Chen, A., Cosca, C., Feely, R. A., Gonzalez-davila, M., Goyet, C., Hardman-mountford, N., Heinze, C., Hoppema, M., Hunt, C. W., Hydes, D., Ishii, M., Johannessen, T., Key, R. M., Koertzinger, A., Landschuetzer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefevre, N., Lenton, A., Lourantou, A., Merlivat, L., Midorikawa, T., Mintrop, L., Miyazaki, C., Murata, A., Nakadate, A., Nakano, Y., Nakaoka, S., Nojiri, Y., Omar, A. M., Padin, X. A., Park, G. -h., Paterson, K., Perez, F.f., Pierrot, D., Poisson, A., Rios, A. F., Salisbury, J., Santana-casiano, J. M., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schlitzer, R., Schneider, B., Schuster, U., Sieger, R., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Suzuki, T., Takahashi, T., Tedesco, K., Telszewski, M., Thomas, H., Tilbrook, B., Vandemark, D., Veness, T., Watson, A. J., Weiss, R., Wong, C. S., and Yoshikawa-inoue, H.

Abstract

A well documented, publicly available, global data set for surface ocean carbon dioxide (CO2) parameters has been called for by international groups for nearly two decades. The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) project was initiated by the international marine carbon science community in 2007 with the aim of providing a comprehensive, publicly available, regularly updated, global data set of marine surface CO2, which had been subject to quality control (QC). SOCAT version 1.5 was made public in September 2011 and holds 6.3 million quality controlled surface CO2 data from the global oceans and coastal seas, spanning four decades (1968–2007). The SOCAT gridded data is the second data product to come from the SOCAT project. Recognizing that some groups may have trouble working with millions of measurements, the SOCAT gridded product was generated to provide a robust regularly spaced fCO2 product with minimal spatial and temporal interpolation which should be easier to work with for many applications. Gridded SOCAT is rich with information that has not been fully explored yet, but also contains biases and limitations that the user needs to recognize and address.

Published
2013
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33. Implications of elevated CO2 on pelagic carbon fluxes in an Arctic mesocosm study – an elemental mass balance approach

Author

Czerny, Jan, Schulz, Kai G., Boxhammer, Tim, Bellerby, R. G. J., Büdenbender, Jan, Engel, Anja, Krug, Sebastian, Ludwig, Andrea, Nachtigall, Kerstin, Nondal, Gisla, Niehoff, Barbara, Silyakova, Anna, Riebesell, Ulf, Czerny, Jan, Schulz, Kai G., Boxhammer, Tim, Bellerby, R. G. J., Büdenbender, Jan, Engel, Anja, Krug, Sebastian, Ludwig, Andrea, Nachtigall, Kerstin, Nondal, Gisla, Niehoff, Barbara, Silyakova, Anna, and Riebesell, Ulf

Abstract

Recent studies on the impacts of ocean acidification on pelagic communities have identified changes in carbon to nutrient dynamics with related shifts in elemental stoichiometry. In principle, mesocosm experiments provide the opportunity of determining temporal dynamics of all relevant carbon and nutrient pools and, thus, calculating elemental budgets. In practice, attempts to budget mesocosm enclosures are often hampered by uncertainties in some of the measured pools and fluxes, in particular due to uncertainties in constraining air–sea gas exchange, particle sinking, and wall growth. In an Arctic mesocosm study on ocean acidification applying KOSMOS (Kiel Off-Shore Mesocosms for future Ocean Simulation), all relevant element pools and fluxes of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus were measured, using an improved experimental design intended to narrow down the mentioned uncertainties. Water-column concentrations of particulate and dissolved organic and inorganic matter were determined daily. New approaches for quantitative estimates of material sinking to the bottom of the mesocosms and gas exchange in 48 h temporal resolution as well as estimates of wall growth were developed to close the gaps in element budgets. However, losses elements from the budgets into a sum of insufficiently determined pools were detected, and are principally unavoidable in mesocosm investigation. The comparison of variability patterns of all single measured datasets revealed analytic precision to be the main issue in determination of budgets. Uncertainties in dissolved organic carbon (DOC), nitrogen (DON) and particulate organic phosphorus (POP) were much higher than the summed error in determination of the same elements in all other pools. With estimates provided for all other major elemental pools, mass balance calculations could be used to infer the temporal development of DOC, DON and POP pools. Future elevated pCO2 was found to enhance net autotrophic community carbon uptake in two of th

Published
2013

34. Effect of increased pCO2 on the planktonic metabolic balance during a mesocosm experiment in an Arctic fjord

Author

Tanaka, T, Alliouane, S., Bellerby, R. G. B., Czerny, J., de Kluijver, A., Riebesell, Ulf, Schulz, Kai G., Silyakova, A., Gattuso, J.-P., Tanaka, T, Alliouane, S., Bellerby, R. G. B., Czerny, J., de Kluijver, A., Riebesell, Ulf, Schulz, Kai G., Silyakova, A., and Gattuso, J.-P.

Abstract

The effect of ocean acidification on the balance between gross community production (GCP) and community respiration (CR) (i.e., net community production, NCP) of plankton communities was investigated in summer 2010 in Kongsfjorden, west of Svalbard. Surface water, which was characterized by low concentrations of dissolved inorganic nutrients and chlorophyll a (a proxy of phytoplankton biomass), was enclosed in nine mesocosms and subjected to eight pCO2 levels (two replicated controls and seven enhanced pCO2 treatments) for one month. Nutrients were added to all mesocosms on day 13 of the experiment, and thereafter increase of chlorophyll a was provoked in all mesocosms. No clear trend in response to increasing pCO2 was found in the daily values of NCP, CR, and GCP. For further analysis, these parameters were cumulated for the following three periods: phase 1 – end of CO2 manipulation until nutrient addition (t4 to t13); phase 2 – nutrient addition until the second chlorophyll a minimum (t14 to t21); phase 3 – the second chlorophyll a minimum until the end of this study (t22 to t28). A significant response was detected as a decrease of NCP with increasing pCO2 during phase 3. CR was relatively stable throughout the experiment in all mesocosms. As a result, the cumulative GCP significantly decreased with increasing pCO2 during phase 3. After the nutrient addition, the ratios of cumulative NCP to cumulative consumption of NO3 and PO4 showed a significant decrease during phase 3 with increasing pCO2. The results suggest that elevated pCO2 influenced cumulative NCP and stoichiometric C and nutrient coupling of the plankton community in a high-latitude fjord only for a limited period. However provided that there were some differences or weak correlations between NCP data based on different methods in the same experiment, this conclusion should be taken with caution.

Published
2013
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35. Deep carbon export from a Southern Ocean iron-fertilized diatom bloom

Author

Smetacek, V., Klaas, C., Strass, V.H., Assmy, P., Montresor, M., Cisewski, B., Savoye, N., Webb, A., d'Ovidio, F., Arrieta, J.M., Bathmann, U., Bellerby, R., Berg, G.M., Croot, P., Gonzalez, S., Henjes, J., Herndl, G.J., Hoffmann, L.J., Leach, H., Losch, M., Mills, M.M., Neill, C., Peeken, I., Röttgers, R., Sachs, O., Sauter, E., Schmidt, M.M., Schwarz, J., Terbrüggen, A., Wolf-Gladrow, D., Smetacek, V., Klaas, C., Strass, V.H., Assmy, P., Montresor, M., Cisewski, B., Savoye, N., Webb, A., d'Ovidio, F., Arrieta, J.M., Bathmann, U., Bellerby, R., Berg, G.M., Croot, P., Gonzalez, S., Henjes, J., Herndl, G.J., Hoffmann, L.J., Leach, H., Losch, M., Mills, M.M., Neill, C., Peeken, I., Röttgers, R., Sachs, O., Sauter, E., Schmidt, M.M., Schwarz, J., Terbrüggen, A., and Wolf-Gladrow, D.

Abstract

Fertilization of the ocean by adding iron compounds has induced diatom-dominated phytoplankton blooms accompanied by considerable carbon dioxide drawdown in the ocean surface layer. However, because the fate of bloom biomass could not be adequately resolved in these experiments, the timescales of carbon sequestration from the atmosphere are uncertain. Here we report the results of a five-week experiment carried out in the closed core of a vertically coherent, mesoscale eddy of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, during which we tracked sinking particles from the surface to the deep-sea floor. A large diatom bloom peaked in the fourth week after fertilization. This was followed by mass mortality of several diatom species that formed rapidly sinking, mucilaginous aggregates of entangled cells and chains. Taken together, multiple lines of evidence - although each with important uncertainties - lead us to conclude that at least half the bloom biomass sank far below a depth of 1,000 metres and that a substantial portion is likely to have reached the sea floor. Thus, iron-fertilized diatom blooms may sequester carbon for timescales of centuries in ocean bottom water and for longer in the sediments.

Published
2012

36. A uniform, quality controlled Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)

Author

Pfeil, B., Olsen, A., Bakker, D. C. E., Hankin, S., Koyuk, H., Kozyr, A., Malczyk, J., Manke, A., Metzl, N., Sabine, C. L., Akl, J., Alin, S. R., Bellerby, R. G. J., Borges, A., Boutin, J., Brown, P. J., Cai, W.-J., Chavez, F. P., Chen, A., Cosca, C., Fassbender, A. J., Feely, R. A., González-Dávila, M., Goyet, C., Hardman-Mountford, N., Heinze, C., Hood, M., Hoppema, M., Hunt, C. W., Hydes, D., Ishii, M., Johannessen, T., Jones, S. D., Key, R. M., Körtzinger, A., Landschützer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefèvre, N., Lenton, A., Lourantou, A., Merlivat, L., Midorikawa, T., Mintrop, L., Miyazaki, C., Murata, A., Nakadate, A., Nakano, Y., Nakaoka, S., Nojiri, Y., Omar, A. M., Padin, X. A., Park, G.-H., Paterson, K., Perez, F. F., Pierrot, D., Poisson, A., Ríos, A. F., Santana-Casiano, J. M., Salisbury, J., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schlitzer, R., Schneider, B., Schuster, U., Sieger, R., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Suzuki, T., Takahashi, T., Tedesco, K., Telszewski, M., Thomas, H., Tilbrook, B., Tjiputra, J., Vandemark, D., Veness, T., Wanninkhof, R., Watson, A. J., Weiss, R., Wong, C. S., Yoshikawa-Inoue, H., Pfeil, B., Olsen, A., Bakker, D. C. E., Hankin, S., Koyuk, H., Kozyr, A., Malczyk, J., Manke, A., Metzl, N., Sabine, C. L., Akl, J., Alin, S. R., Bellerby, R. G. J., Borges, A., Boutin, J., Brown, P. J., Cai, W.-J., Chavez, F. P., Chen, A., Cosca, C., Fassbender, A. J., Feely, R. A., González-Dávila, M., Goyet, C., Hardman-Mountford, N., Heinze, C., Hood, M., Hoppema, M., Hunt, C. W., Hydes, D., Ishii, M., Johannessen, T., Jones, S. D., Key, R. M., Körtzinger, A., Landschützer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefèvre, N., Lenton, A., Lourantou, A., Merlivat, L., Midorikawa, T., Mintrop, L., Miyazaki, C., Murata, A., Nakadate, A., Nakano, Y., Nakaoka, S., Nojiri, Y., Omar, A. M., Padin, X. A., Park, G.-H., Paterson, K., Perez, F. F., Pierrot, D., Poisson, A., Ríos, A. F., Santana-Casiano, J. M., Salisbury, J., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schlitzer, R., Schneider, B., Schuster, U., Sieger, R., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Suzuki, T., Takahashi, T., Tedesco, K., Telszewski, M., Thomas, H., Tilbrook, B., Tjiputra, J., Vandemark, D., Veness, T., Wanninkhof, R., Watson, A. J., Weiss, R., Wong, C. S., and Yoshikawa-Inoue, H.

Published
2012

37. Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) gridded data products

Author

Sabine, C. L., Hankin, S., Koyuk, H., Bakker, D. C. E., Pfeil, B., Olsen, A., Metzl, N., Kozyr, A., Fassbender, A., Manke, A., Malczyk, J., Akl, J., Alin, S. R., Bellerby, R. G. J., Borges, A., Boutin, J., Brown, P. J., Cai, W.-J., Chavez, F. P., Chen, A., Cosca, C., Feely, R. A., González-Dávila, M., Goyet, C., Hardman-Mountford, N., Heinze, C., Hoppema, M., Hunt, C. W., Hydes, D., Ishii, M., Johannessen, T., Key, R. M., Körtzinger, A., Landschützer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefèvre, N., Lenton, A., Lourantou, A., Merlivat, L., Midorikawa, T., Mintrop, L., Miyazaki, C., Murata, A., Nakadate, A., Nakano, Y., Nakaoka, S., Nojiri, Y., Omar, A. M., Padin, X. A., Park, G.-H., Paterson, K., Perez, F. F., Pierrot, D., Poisson, A., Ríos, A. F., Salisbury, J., Santana-Casiano, J. M., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schlitzer, R., Schneider, B., Schuster, U., Sieger, R., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Suzuki, T., Takahashi, T., Tedesco, K., Telszewski, M., Thomas, H., Tilbrook, B., Vandemark, D., Veness, T., Watson, A. J., Weiss, R., Wong, C. S., Yoshikawa-Inoue, H., Sabine, C. L., Hankin, S., Koyuk, H., Bakker, D. C. E., Pfeil, B., Olsen, A., Metzl, N., Kozyr, A., Fassbender, A., Manke, A., Malczyk, J., Akl, J., Alin, S. R., Bellerby, R. G. J., Borges, A., Boutin, J., Brown, P. J., Cai, W.-J., Chavez, F. P., Chen, A., Cosca, C., Feely, R. A., González-Dávila, M., Goyet, C., Hardman-Mountford, N., Heinze, C., Hoppema, M., Hunt, C. W., Hydes, D., Ishii, M., Johannessen, T., Key, R. M., Körtzinger, A., Landschützer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefèvre, N., Lenton, A., Lourantou, A., Merlivat, L., Midorikawa, T., Mintrop, L., Miyazaki, C., Murata, A., Nakadate, A., Nakano, Y., Nakaoka, S., Nojiri, Y., Omar, A. M., Padin, X. A., Park, G.-H., Paterson, K., Perez, F. F., Pierrot, D., Poisson, A., Ríos, A. F., Salisbury, J., Santana-Casiano, J. M., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schlitzer, R., Schneider, B., Schuster, U., Sieger, R., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Suzuki, T., Takahashi, T., Tedesco, K., Telszewski, M., Thomas, H., Tilbrook, B., Vandemark, D., Veness, T., Watson, A. J., Weiss, R., Wong, C. S., and Yoshikawa-Inoue, H.

Published
2012

38. The Southern Ocean observing system: Initial science and implementation strategy

Author

Rintoul, S. R., Sparrow, M., Meredith, M. P., Wadley, V., Speer, K., Hofmann, E., Summerhayes, C., Urban, E., Bellerby, R., Ackley, S., Alverson, K., Ansorge, I., Aoki, S., Azzolini, R., Beal, L., Belbeoch, M., Bergamasco, A., Biuw, M., Boehme, L., Budillon, G., Campos, L., Carlson, D., Cavanagh, R., Charpentier, E., Chul Shin, H., Coffin, M., Constable, A., Costa, D., Cronin, M., De Baar, H., De Broyer, C., De Bruin, T., De Santis, L., Butler, E., Dexter, P., Drinkwater, M., England, M., Fahrbach, Eberhard, Fanta, E., Fedak, M., Finney, K., Fischer, A., Frew, R., Garzoli, S., Gernandt, Hartwig, Gladyshev, S., Gomis, D., Gordon, A., Gunn, J., Gutt, Julian, Haas, C., Hall, J., Heywood, K., Hill, K., Hindell, M., Hood, M., Hoppema, Mario, Hosie, G., Howard, W., Joiris, C., Kaleschke, L., Kang, S.-H., Kennicutt, M., Klepikov, A., Lembke-Jene, Lester, Lovenduski, N., Lytle, V., Mathieu, P.-P., Moltmann, T., Morrow, R., Muelbert, M., Murphy, E., Naganobu, M., Naveira Garabato, A., Nicol, S., O'Farrell, S., Ott, N., Piola, A., Piotrowicz, S., Proctor, R., Qiao, F., Rack, F., Ravindra, R., Ridgway, K., Rignot, E., Ryabinin, V., Sarukhanian, E., Sathyendranath, S., Schlosser, P., Schwarz, J., Smith, G., Smith, S., Southwell, C., Speich, S., Stambach, W., Stammer, D., Stansfield, K., Thiede, Jörn, Thouvenot, E., Tilbrook, B., Wadhams, P., Wainer, I., Willmott Puig, Veronica, Wijffels, S., Woodworth, P., Worby, T., Wright, S., Rintoul, S. R., Sparrow, M., Meredith, M. P., Wadley, V., Speer, K., Hofmann, E., Summerhayes, C., Urban, E., Bellerby, R., Ackley, S., Alverson, K., Ansorge, I., Aoki, S., Azzolini, R., Beal, L., Belbeoch, M., Bergamasco, A., Biuw, M., Boehme, L., Budillon, G., Campos, L., Carlson, D., Cavanagh, R., Charpentier, E., Chul Shin, H., Coffin, M., Constable, A., Costa, D., Cronin, M., De Baar, H., De Broyer, C., De Bruin, T., De Santis, L., Butler, E., Dexter, P., Drinkwater, M., England, M., Fahrbach, Eberhard, Fanta, E., Fedak, M., Finney, K., Fischer, A., Frew, R., Garzoli, S., Gernandt, Hartwig, Gladyshev, S., Gomis, D., Gordon, A., Gunn, J., Gutt, Julian, Haas, C., Hall, J., Heywood, K., Hill, K., Hindell, M., Hood, M., Hoppema, Mario, Hosie, G., Howard, W., Joiris, C., Kaleschke, L., Kang, S.-H., Kennicutt, M., Klepikov, A., Lembke-Jene, Lester, Lovenduski, N., Lytle, V., Mathieu, P.-P., Moltmann, T., Morrow, R., Muelbert, M., Murphy, E., Naganobu, M., Naveira Garabato, A., Nicol, S., O'Farrell, S., Ott, N., Piola, A., Piotrowicz, S., Proctor, R., Qiao, F., Rack, F., Ravindra, R., Ridgway, K., Rignot, E., Ryabinin, V., Sarukhanian, E., Sathyendranath, S., Schlosser, P., Schwarz, J., Smith, G., Smith, S., Southwell, C., Speich, S., Stambach, W., Stammer, D., Stansfield, K., Thiede, Jörn, Thouvenot, E., Tilbrook, B., Wadhams, P., Wainer, I., Willmott Puig, Veronica, Wijffels, S., Woodworth, P., Worby, T., and Wright, S.

Published
2012

39. Seasonal variation in marine C:N:P stoichiometry: can the composition of seston explain stable Redfield ratios?

Author

Frigstad, H., Andersen, T., Hessen, D. O., Naustvoll, L. -j., Johnsen, T. M., Bellerby, R. G. J., Frigstad, H., Andersen, T., Hessen, D. O., Naustvoll, L. -j., Johnsen, T. M., and Bellerby, R. G. J.

Abstract

Seston is suspended particulate organic matter, comprising a mixture of autotrophic, heterotrophic and detrital material. Despite variable proportions of these components, marine seston often exhibits relatively small deviations from the Redfield ratio (C:N:P = 106:16:1). Two time-series from the Norwegian shelf in Skagerrak are used to identify drivers of the seasonal variation in seston elemental ratios. An ordination identified water mass characteristics and bloom dynamics as the most important drivers for determining C:N, while changes in nutrient concentrations and biomass were most important for the C:P and N:P relationships. There is no standardized method for determining the functional composition of seston and the fractions of POC, PON and PP associated with phytoplankton, therefore any such information has to be obtained by indirect means. In this study, a generalized linear model was used to differentiate between the live autotrophic and non-autotrophic sestonic fractions, and for both stations the non-autotrophic fractions dominated with respective annual means of 76 and 55%. This regression model approach builds on assumptions (e.g. constant POC:Chl-a ratio) and the robustness of the estimates were explored with a bootstrap analysis. In addition the autotrophic percentage calculated from the statistical model was compared with estimated phytoplankton carbon, and the two independent estimates of autotrophic percentage were comparable with similar seasonal cycles. The estimated C:nutrient ratios of live autotrophs were, in general, lower than Redfield, while the non-autotrophic C:nutrient ratios were higher than the live autotrophic ratios and above, or close to, the Redfield ratio. This is due to preferential remineralization of nutrients, and the P content mainly governed the difference between the sestonic fractions. Despite the seasonal variability in seston composition and the generally low contribution of autotrophic biomass, the variation observed

Published
2011
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43. Element budgets in an Arctic mesocosm CO2 perturbation study

Author

Engel, Anja, Czerny, J., Bellerby, R., Boxhammer, T., Ludwig, A., Nachtigall, K., Nondal, G., Silyakova, A., Sswat, M., Riebesell, U., Engel, Anja, Czerny, J., Bellerby, R., Boxhammer, T., Ludwig, A., Nachtigall, K., Nondal, G., Silyakova, A., Sswat, M., and Riebesell, U.

Published
2011

45. Element budgets in an Arctic mesocosm CO2 perturbation study

Author

Czerny, Jan, Bellerby, R., Boxhammer, Tim, Engel, Anja, Ludwig, Andrea, Nachtigall, Kerstin, Nondal, G., Silyakova, A., Sswat, M., Riebesell, Ulf, Czerny, Jan, Bellerby, R., Boxhammer, Tim, Engel, Anja, Ludwig, Andrea, Nachtigall, Kerstin, Nondal, G., Silyakova, A., Sswat, M., and Riebesell, Ulf

Abstract

Recent studies on the impacts of ocean acidification on pelagic communities demonstrated changes in carbon to nutrient dynamics with related shifts in elemental stoichiometry. In principle mesocosm experiments provide the opportunity of determining the temporal dynamics of all relevant carbon and nutrient pools and performing elemental budgets. In practice, attempts to budget mesocosm enclosures are often hampered by uncertainties in some of the measured pools and fluxes, in particular due to air/sea exchange, particle sinking, and wall growth. In an Arctic mesocosm study on ocean acidification using KOSMOS (Kiel Off-Shore Mesocosm facility for future Ocean Simulation) all relevant element pools and fluxes of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus were measured, using an improved experimental design intended to narrow down some of those uncertainties. Water column concentrations of particulate and dissolved organic and inorganic constituents were determined daily. New approaches for quantitative estimates of material sinking to the bottom of the msocosms and gas exchange in 48 h temporal resolution, as well as estimates of wall growth were obtained to close the gaps in element budgets. Element pools, fluxes and their stoichiometry at selected days of the experiment will be presented and critically examined with regard to achieving closed budgets.

Published
2011

46. Organic matter dynamics and CO2 responses of the 2010 Svalbard mesocosm experiment

Author

Schulz, Kai, Bellerby, R., Engel, Anja, Gattuso, J.-P., Hessen, D., Klavsen, Signe, Krug, Sebastian, Nondal, G., Silyakova, A., Sswat, M., Riebesell, Ulf, Schulz, Kai, Bellerby, R., Engel, Anja, Gattuso, J.-P., Hessen, D., Klavsen, Signe, Krug, Sebastian, Nondal, G., Silyakova, A., Sswat, M., and Riebesell, Ulf

Published
2011

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