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1. Belle II Silicon Vertex Detector (SVD)

Author

(Belle-II SVD Collaboration), Bahinipati, S., Adamczyk, K., Aihara, H., Angelini, C., Aziz, T., Babu, V., Bacher, S., Barberio, E., Baroncelli, Ti., Baroncelli, To., Basith, A. K., Batignani, G., Bauer, A., Behera, P. K., Bergauer, T., Bettarini, S., Bhuyan, B., Bilka, T., Bosi, F., Bosisio, L., Bozek, A., Buchsteiner, F., Bulla, L., Casarosa, G., Ceccanti, M., Červenkov, D., Chendvankar, S. R., Dash, N., De Pietro, G., Divekar, S. T., Doležal, Z., Dutta, D., Forti, F., Friedl, M., Gobbo, B., Hara, K., Higuchi, T., Horiguchi, T., Irmler, C., Ishikawa, A., Jeon, H. B., Joo, C., Kandra, J., Kambara, N., Kang, K. H., Kawasaki, T., Kodyš, P., Kohriki, T., Koike, S., Kolwalkar, M. M., Komarov, I., Kumar, R., Kun, W., Kvasnička, P., Lanceri, L., Lettenbicher, J., Libby, J., Lee, S. C., Lueck, T., Maki, M., Mammini, P., Martini, A., Mayekar, S. N., Mohanty, G. B., Mohanty, S., Morii, T., Nakamura, K. R., Natkaniec, Z., Onuki, Y., Ostrowicz, W., Paladino, A., Paoloni, E., Park, H., Pilo, F., Profeti, A., Rashevskaya, I., Rao, K. K., Rizzo, G., Resmi, P. K., Rozanska, M., Sasaki, J., Sato, N., Schultschik, S., Schwanda, C., Seino, Y., Shimizu, N., Stypula, J., Suzuki, J., Tanaka, S., Taylor, G. N., Thalmeier, R., Thomas, R., Tsuboyama, T., Uozumi, S., Urquijo, P., Vitale, L., Watanuki, S., Watanabe, M., Watson, I. J., Webb, J., Wiechczynski, J., Williams, S., Würkner, B., Yamamoto, H., Yin, H., Yoshinobu, T., Zani, L., and Liu, Zhen-An, editor

Published
2018
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2. The Silicon Vertex Detector of the Belle II Experiment

Author

Irmler, C., Adamczyk, K., Aggarwal, L., Aihara, H., Aziz, T., Bacher, S., Bahinipati, S., Batignani, G., Baudot, J., Behera, P.K., Bettarini, S., Bilka, T., Bozek, A., Buchsteiner, F., Casarosa, G., Corona, L., Czank, T., Das, S.B., Dujany, G., Finck, C., Forti, F., Friedl, M., Gabrielli, A., Ganiev, E., Gobbo, B., Halder, S., Hara, K., Hazra, S., Higuchi, T., Ishikawa, A., Jeon, H.B., Jin, Y., Kaleta, M., Kaliyar, A.B., Kandra, J., Kang, K.H., Kapusta, P., Kodyš, P., Kohriki, T., Kumar, M., Kumar, R., La Licata, C., Lalwani, K., Lautenbach, K., Leboucher, R., Lee, S.C., Libby, J., Martel, L., Massaccesi, L., Mohanty, G.B., Nakamura, K.R., Natkaniec, Z., Onuki, Y., Ostrowicz, W., Otani, F., Paladino, A., Paoloni, E., Park, H., Polat, L., Rao, K.K., Ripp-Baudot, I., Rizzo, G., Sato, Y., Schwanda, C., Serrano, J., Shimasaki, T., Suzuki, J., Tanaka, S., Tanigawa, H., Tenchini, F., Thalmeier, R., Tiwary, R., Tsuboyama, T., Uematsu, Y., Vitale, L., Wan, K., Wang, Z., Webb, J., Werbycka, O., Wiechczynski, J., Yin, H., Zani, L., Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Belle II SVD, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Belle-II SVD

Subjects
Event T0 estimation, Tracking detector, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Radiation damage, pixel, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, radiation: damage, effect, beam loss, high, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Particle tracking detectors (Solid-state detectors), quality, semiconductor detector: microstrip, SVD, burst, damage, asymmetry, on-line, Silicon strip detector, performance, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, noise, track data analysis: efficiency, vertex detector, FOS: Physical sciences, BELLE, KEK-B, diamond, Belle II, luminosity, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Solid state detectors, numerical calculations, spatial resolution, activity report, detector, background, resolution, silicon, stability, tracks, radiation, efficiency, correlation, electronics: readout, semiconductor detector, microstrip
Abstract

In 2019 the Belle II experiment started data taking at the asymmetric SuperKEKB collider (KEK, Japan) operating at the Y(4S) resonance. Belle II will search for new physics beyond the Standard Model by collecting an integrated luminosity of 50~ab$^{-1}$. The silicon vertex detector (SVD), consisting of four layers of double-sided silicon strip sensors, is one of the two vertex sub-detectors. The SVD extrapolates the tracks to the inner pixel detector (PXD) with enough precision to correctly identify hits in the PXD belonging to the track. In addition the SVD has standalone tracking capability and utilizes ionization to enhance particle identification in the low momentum region. The SVD is operating reliably and with high efficiency, despite exposure to the harsh beam background of the highest peak-luminosity collider ever built. High signal-to-noise ratio and hit efficiency have been measured, as well as the spatial resolution; all these quantities show excellent stability over time. Data-simulation agreement on cluster properties has recently been improved through a careful tuning of the simulation. The precise hit-time resolution can be exploited to reject out-of-time hits induced by beam background, which will make the SVD more robust against higher levels of background. During the first three years of running, radiation damage effects on strip noise, sensor currents and depletion voltage have been observed, as well as some coupling capacitor failure due to intense radiation bursts. None of these effects cause significant degradation in the detector performance., 7 pages, 5 figures, proceedings contribution at the 12th International Conference on Position Sensitive Detectors

Published
2021

3. The Design, Construction, Operation and Performance of the Belle II Silicon Vertex Detector

Author

Adamczyk, K., Aggarwal, L., Aihara, H., Aziz, T., Babu, V., Bacher, S., Bahinipati, S., Bari, M., Baroncelli, Ti., Baroncelli, To., Bassi, G., Batignani, G., Baudot, J., Bauer, A., Behera, P.K., Bergauer, T., Bertacchi, V., Bettarini, S., Bilka, T., Bosi, F., Bosisio, L., Bozek, A., Buchsteiner, F., Bulla, L., Casarosa, G., Cautero, G., Ceccanti, M., Chen, Y.Q., Chendvankar, S.R., Corona, L., Cristaudo, P., Czank, T., Das, S.B., Dash, N., de Marino, G., de Nuccio, M., de Pietro, G., Divekar, S.T., Dolejschi, P., Doležal, Z., Dujany, G., Dutta, D., Finck, C., Fischer, K., Forti, F., Friedl, M., Frühwirth, R., Gabrielli, A., Ganiev, E., Gfall, I., Giuressi, D., Gobbo, B., Halder, S., Hara, K., Hazra, S., Higuchi, T., Himori, S., Horiguchi, T., Irmler, C., Ishikawa, A., Jeon, H.B., Jin, Y., Joo, C., Kaleta, M., Kaliyar, A.B., Kandra, J., Kang, K.H., Kapusta, P., Kodyš, P., Kohriki, T., Kolwalkar, M.M., Komarov, I., Kumar, M., Kumar, R., Kvasnička, P., La Licata, C., Lalwani, K., Lanceri, L., Lautenbach, K., Leboucher, R., Lee, S.C., Lee, J.Y., Lettenbichler, J., Li, Y.B., Libby, J., Lueck, T., Maity, S., Mammini, P., Manfredi, R., Martel, L., Martini, A., Massaccesi, L., Mayekar, S.N., Mohanty, G.B., Mohanty, S., Grimaldo, J.A. Mora, Morii, T., Nakamura, K.R., Natkaniec, Z., Negishi, K., Nisar, N.K., Sato, N., Oberegger, M., Onuki, Y., Ostrowicz, W., Otani, F., Paladino, A., Palka, H., Paoloni, E., Park, H., Pernicka, M., Pilo, F., Pirker, J., Polat, L., Profeti, A., Rao, K.K., Rashevskaya, I., Resmi, P.K., Ripp-Baudot, I., Rizzo, G., Rout, N., Rozanska, M., Sahoo, D., Saito, T., Sandilya, S., Sasaki, J., Sato, Y., Schultschik, S., Schwanda, C., Seino, Y., Serrano, J., Koike, S., Shimasaki, T., Shimizu, N., Steininger, H., Stypula, J., Suzuki, J., Tanaka, S., Tanigawa, H., Taylor, G.N., Tenchini, F., Thalmeier, R., Thomas, R., Tiwary, R., Tsuboyama, T., Uematsu, Y., Valentan, M., Vitale, L., Volpi, M., Wan, K., Wang, Z., Watanabe, M., Watanuki, S., Watson, I.J., Webb, J., Werbycka, O., Wiechczynski, J., Williams, S., Würkner, B., Yin, H., Zanetti, A., Zani, L., Zhang, T., Adamczyk, K., Aggarwal, L., Aihara, H., Aziz, T., Babu, V., Bacher, S., Bahinipati, S., Bari, M., Baroncelli, Ti., Baroncelli, To., Bassi, G., Batignani, G., Baudot, J., Bauer, A., Behera, P. K., Bergauer, T., Bertacchi, V., Bettarini, S., Bilka, T., Bosi, F., Bosisio, L., Bozek, A., Buchsteiner, F., Bulla, L., Casarosa, G., Cautero, G., Ceccanti, M., Chen, Y. Q., Chendvankar, S. R., Corona, L., Cristaudo, P., Czank, T., Das, S. B., Dash, N., de Marino, G., De Nuccio, M., De Pietro, G., Divekar, S. T., Dolejschi, P., Dole??al, Z., Dujany, G., Dutta, D., Finck, C., Fischer, K. D., Forti, F., Friedl, M., Fr??hwirth, R., Gabrielli, A., Ganiev, E., Gfall, I., Giuressi, D., Gobbo, B., Halder, S., Hara, K., Hazra, S., Higuchi, T., Himori, S., Horiguchi, T., Irmler, C., Ishikawa, A., Jeon, H. B., Jin, Y., Joo, C., Kaleta, M., Kaliyar, A. B., Kandra, J., Kang, K. H., Kapusta, P., Kody??, P., Kohriki, T., Koike, S., Kolwalkar, M. M., Komarov, I., Kumar, M., Kumar, R., Kvasni??ka, P., La Licata, C., Lalwani, K., Lanceri, L., Lautenbach, K., Leboucher, R., Lee, S. C., Lee, J. Y., Lettenbichler, J., Li, Y. B., Libby, J., Lueck, T., Maity, S., Mammini, P., Manfredi, R., Martel, L., Martini, A., Massaccesi, L., Mayekar, S. N., Mohanty, G. B., Mohanty, S., Mora Grimaldo, J. A., Morii, T., Nakamura, K. R., Natkaniec, Z., Negishi, K., Nisar, N. K., Oberegger, M., Onuki, Y., Ostrowicz, W., Otani, F., Paladino, A., Palka, H., Paoloni, E., Park, H., Pernicka, M., Pilo, F., Pirker, J., Polat, L., Profeti, A., Rao, K. K., Rashevskaya, I., Resmi, P. K., Ripp-Baudot, I., Rizzo, G., Rout, N., Rozanska, M., Sahoo, D., Saito, T., Sandilya, S., Sasaki, J., Sato, N., Sato, Y., Schultschik, S., Schwanda, C., Seino, Y., Serrano, J., Shimasaki, T., Shimizu, N., Steininger, H., Stypula, J., Suzuki, J., Tanaka, S., Tanigawa, H., Taylor, G. N., Tenchini, F., Thalmeier, R., Thomas, R., Tiwary, R., Tsuboyama, T., Uematsu, Y., Valentan, M., Vitale, L., Volpi, M., Wan, K., Wang, Z., Watanabe, M., Watanuki, S., Watson, I. J., Webb, J., Werbycka, O., Wiechczynski, J., Williams, S., W??rkner, B., Yin, H., Zanetti, A., Zani, L., Zhang, T., Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Belle-II SVD

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, vertex detector, FOS: Physical sciences, BELLE, fabrication, Instrumentation for particle accelerators and storage rings - high energy (linear accelerators, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Detector cooling and thermo-stabilization, Detector grounding, Front-end electronics for detector readout, Particle tracking detectors, Front-end electronics for detector-readout, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Solid state detectors, Detector alignment and calibration methods, Instrumentation, Instrumentation for particle accelerators and storage rings - high energy (linear accelerators, synchrotrons), activity report, detector: design, Mathematical Physics, Radiation damage to detector materials (solid state), synchrotrons), alignment, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Si microstrip and pad detectors, Voltage distributions, vibration analysis etc), Particle tracking detector, Overall mechanics design (support structures and materials, quality, efficiency, Instrumentation for particle accelerators and storage rings - high energy, semiconductor detector: microstrip, Detector design and construction technologies and materials, performance
Abstract

The Silicon Vertex Detector of Belle II is a state-of-the-art tracking and vertexing system based on double-sided silicon strip sensors, designed and fabricated by a large international collaboration in the period 2012--2018. Since 2019 it has been in operation providing high quality data with a small number of defective channels (99%), a good signal-to-noise ratio (well in excess of 10 for all sensor configurations and tracks). Together with the good control over the alignment, these are all essential factors to achieve good tracking reconstruction and physics performance. In this extended paper we try to document all the aspects of the SVD challenges and achievements, in the spirit of providing information to the broader community and help the development of high quality detector systems, which are fundamental tools to carry out physics research., 199 pages, 152 figures

Published
2022
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4. Performance and running experience of the Belle II silicon vertex detector

Author

Nakamura, K.R., Adamczyk, K., Aggarwal, L., Aihara, H., Aziz, T., Bacher, S., Bahinipati, S., Batignani, G., Baudot, J., Behera, P.K., Bettarini, S., Bilka, T., Bozek, A., Buchsteiner, F., Casarosa, G., Corona, L., Czank, T., Das, S.B., Dujany, G., Forti, F., Friedl, M., Gabrielli, A., Ganiev, E., Gobbo, B., Halder, S., Hara, K., Hazra, S., Higuchi, T., Irmler, C., Ishikawa, A., Jeon, H.B., Jin, Y., Joo, C., Kaleta, M., Kaliyar, A.B., Kandra, J., Kang, K.H., Kapusta, P., Kodyš, P., Kohriki, T., Kumar, M., Kumar, R., La Licata, C., Lalwani, K., Lee, S.C., Libby, J., Massaccesi, L., Mayekar, S.N., Mohanty, G.B., Morii, T., Natkaniec, Z., Onuki, Y., Ostrowicz, W., Paladino, A., Paoloni, E., Park, H., Polat, G., Rao, K.K., Ripp-Baudot, I., Rizzo, G., Sahoo, D., Schwanda, C., Serrano, J., Suzuki, J., Tanaka, S., Tanigawa, H., Thalmeier, R., Tiwari, R., Tsuboyama, T., Uematsu, Y., Verbycka, O., Vitale, L., Wan, K., Wang, Z., Webb, J., Wiechczynski, J., Yin, H., Zani, L., Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Belle II SVD

Subjects
noise, History, detector, effect, vertex detector, integrated circuit, silicon, BELLE, Computer Science Applications, Education, radiation, diamond, readout, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], performance
Abstract

International audience; The Belle II silicon vertex detector is one of the vertex detectors in the Belle II experiment. The detector reads out the signals from the double-sided silicon strip sensors with the APV25 front-end readout ASIC, adopting the chip-on-sensor concept to minimize the strip noise. The detector has been operated in the experiment since the spring of 2019. Analyzing the acquired data during the beam collisions, the excellent performance of the detector is confirmed. Also, the radiation dose and 1-MeV equivalent neutron fluence of the detector are estimated using the measured dose rates of the diamond sensors installed on the beam pipe and are compared with the measured radiation effects in the strip noise, leakage current, and depletion voltage. This paper briefly introduces the main features of the silicon vertex detector, and then reports on the measured performance and radiation effects of the first two years of running experience of the detector.

Published
2022

5. Measurement of the cluster position resolution of the Belle II Silicon Vertex Detector

Author

R. Leboucher, K. Adamczyk, L. Aggarwal, H. Aihara, T. Aziz, S. Bacher, S. Bahinipati, G. Batignani, J. Baudot, P.K. Behera, S. Bettarini, T. Bilka, A. Bozek, F. Buchsteiner, G. Casarosa, L. Corona, T. Czank, S.B. Das, G. Dujany, C. Finck, F. Forti, M. Friedl, A. Gabrielli, E. Ganiev, B. Gobbo, S. Halder, K. Hara, S. Hazra, T. Higuchi, C. Irmler, A. Ishikawa, H.B. Jeon, Y. Jin, C. Joo, M. Kaleta, A.B. Kaliyar, J. Kandra, K.H. Kang, P. Kapusta, P. Kodyš, T. Kohriki, M. Kumar, R. Kumar, C. La Licata, K. Lalwani, S.C. Lee, J. Libby, L. Martel, L. Massaccesi, S.N. Mayekar, G.B. Mohanty, T. Morii, K.R. Nakamura, Z. Natkaniec, Y. Onuki, W. Ostrowicz, A. Paladino, E. Paoloni, H. Park, L. Polat, K.K. Rao, I. Ripp-Baudot, G. Rizzo, D. Sahoo, C. Schwanda, J. Serrano, J. Suzuki, S. Tanaka, H. Tanigawa, R. Thalmeier, R. Tiwary, T. Tsuboyama, Y. Uematsu, O. Verbycka, L. Vitale, K. Wan, Z. Wang, J. Webb, J. Wiechczynski, H. Yin, L. Zani, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Belle-II SVD

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, data analysis method, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Cluster position resolution, track data analysis, vertex detector, FOS: Physical sciences, BELLE, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Belle II, semiconductor detector: microstrip, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Instrumentation, spatial resolution
Abstract

The Silicon Vertex Detector (SVD), with its four double-sided silicon strip sensor layers, is one of the two vertex sub-detectors of Belle II operating at SuperKEKB collider (KEK, Japan). Since 2019 and the start of the data taking, the SVD has demonstrated a reliable and highly efficient operation, even running in an environment with harsh beam backgrounds that are induced by the world's highest instantaneous luminosity. In order to provide the best quality track reconstruction with an efficient pattern recognition and track fit, and to correctly propagate the uncertainty on the hit's position to the track parameters, it is crucial to precisely estimate the resolution of the cluster position measurement. Several methods for estimating the position resolution directly from the data will be discussed., Comment: 4 pages, The 30th International Workshop on Vertex Detectors

Published
2021

6. The Silicon Vertex Detector of the Belle II experiment

Author

Zani, L., Adamczyk, K., Aggarwal, L., Aihara, H., Aziz, T., Bacher, S., Bahinipati, S., Batignani, G., Baudot, J., Behera, P.K., Bettarini, S., Bilka, T., Bozek, A., Buchsteiner, F., Casarosa, G., Corona, L., Czank, T., Das, S.B., Dujany, G., Finck, C., Forti, F., Friedl, M., Gabrielli, A., Ganiev, E., Gobbo, B., Halder, S., Hara, K., Hazra, S., Higuchi, T., Irmler, C., Ishikawa, A., Jeon, H.B., Jin, Y., Kaleta, M., Kaliyar, A.B., Kandra, J., Kang, K.H., Kapusta, P., Kodys, P., Kohriki, T., Kumar, M., Kumar, R., La Licata, C., Lalwani, K., Leboucher, R., Lee, S.C., Libby, J., Martel, L., Massaccesi, L., Mayekar, S.N., Mohanty, G.B., Morii, T., Nakamura, K.R., Natkaniec, Z., Onuki, Y., Ostrowicz, W., Paladino, A., Paoloni, E., Park, H., Polat, L., Rao, K.K., Ripp-Baudot, I., Rizzo, G., Sahoo, D., Schwanda, C., Serrano, J., Suzuki, J., Tanaka, S., Tanigawa, H., Thalmeier, R., Tiwary, R., Tsuboyama, T., Uematsu, Y., Vitale, L., Wan, K., Wang, Z., Webb, J., Werbycka, O., Wiechczynski, J., Yin, H., Zani, L., Adamczyk, K., Aggarwal, L., Aihara, H., Aziz, T., Bacher, S., Bahinipati, S., Batignani, G., Baudot, J., Behera, P. K., Bettarini, S., Bilka, T., Bozek, A., Buchsteiner, F., Casarosa, G., Corona, L., Czank, T., Das, S. B., Dujany, G., Finck, C., Forti, F., Friedl, M., Gabrielli, A., Ganiev, E., Gobbo, B., Halder, S., Hara, K., Hazra, S., Higuchi, T., Irmler, C., Ishikawa, A., Jeon, H. B., Jin, Y., Kaleta, M., Kaliyar, A. B., Kandra, J., Kang, K. H., Kapusta, P., Kody??, P., Kohriki, T., Kumar, M., Kumar, R., La Licata, C., Lalwani, K., Leboucher, R., Lee, S. C., Libby, J., Martel, L., Massaccesi, L., Mayekar, S. N., Mohanty, G. B., Morii, T., Nakamura, K. R., Natkaniec, Z., Onuki, Y., Ostrowicz, W., Paladino, A., Paoloni, E., Park, H., Polat, L., Rao, K. K., Ripp-Baudot, I., Rizzo, G., Sahoo, D., Schwanda, C., Serrano, J., Suzuki, J., Tanaka, S., Tanigawa, H., Thalmeier, R., Tiwary, R., Tsuboyama, T., Uematsu, Y., Vitale, L., Wan, K., Wang, Z., Webb, J., Werbycka, O., Wiechczynski, J., Yin, H., Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Belle-II SVD

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Tracking, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), High Energy Physics - Experiment, Radiation damage, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Vertex detector, Belle II, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Silicon strip sensor, Instrumentation
Abstract

International audience; Since the start of data taking in spring 2019 at the SuperKEKB collider (KEK, Japan) the Belle II Silicon Vertex Detector (SVD) has been operating reliably and with high efficiency, while providing high quality data: high signal-to-noise ratio, greater than 99% hit efficiency, and precise spatial resolution. These attributes, combined with stability over time, result in good tracking efficiency. Currently the occupancy, dominated by beam-background hits, is quite low (about 0.5 % in the innermost layer), causing no problems to the SVD data reconstruction. In view of the operation at higher luminosity foreseen in the next years, specific strategies aiming to preserve the tracking performance have been developed and tested on data. The time stability of the trigger allows reducing sampling of the strip-amplifier waveform. The good hit-time resolution can be exploited to further improve the robustness against the higher level of beam background. First effects of radiation damage on strip noise, sensor currents and depletion voltage have been measured: they do not have any detrimental effect on the performance of the detector. Furthermore, no damage to the SVD is observed after sudden and intense bursts of radiation due to beam losses.

Published
2022

7. Simulation of the Belle II silicon vertex detector

Author

M. Kaleta, K. Adamczyk, L. Aggarwal, H. Aihara, T. Aziz, S. Bacher, S. Bahinipati, G. Batignani, J. Baudot, P.K. Behera, S. Bettarini, T. Bilka, A. Bozek, F. Buchsteiner, G. Casarosa, L. Corona, T. Czank, S.B. Das, G. Dujany, C. Finck, F. Forti, M. Friedl, A. Gabrielli, E. Ganiev, B. Gobbo, S. Halder, K. Hara, S. Hazra, T. Higuchi, C. Irmler, A. Ishikawa, H.B. Jeon, Y. Jin, C. Joo, A.B. Kaliyar, J. Kandra, K.H. Kang, P. Kapusta, P. Kodyš, T. Kohriki, M. Kumar, R. Kumar, C. La Licata, K. Lalwani, R. Leboucher, S.C. Lee, J. Libby, L. Martel, L. Massaccesi, S.N. Mayekar, G.B. Mohanty, T. Morii, K.R. Nakamura, Z. Natkaniec, Y. Onuki, W. Ostrowicz, A. Paladino, E. Paoloni, H. Park, L. Polat, K.K. Rao, I. Ripp-Baudot, G. Rizzo, D. Sahoo, C. Schwanda, J. Serrano, J. Suzuki, S. Tanaka, H. Tanigawa, R. Thalmeier, R. Tiwary, T. Tsuboyama, Y. Uematsu, O. Verbycka, L. Vitale, K. Wan, Z. Wang, J. Webb, J. Wiechczynski, H. Yin, L. Zani, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Belle-II SVD

Subjects
Tracking detectors, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, vertex detector, Belle II, semiconductor detector: microstrip, Detector simulation, BELLE, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], numerical calculations, programming, Instrumentation, performance, Silicon strip detectors
Abstract

International audience; Belle II is the next generation B Factory experiment operating at the SuperKEKB accelerator complex at KEK in Tsukuba, Japan. It is expected to collect 50 ab−1 of data, with a target instantaneous luminosity of 6.5 × 1035 cm−2s−1, which is about 30 times larger than its predecessor, Belle. In view of the ever increasing Belle II data sample, accurate simulation of the detector is growing in importance. This poses a challenging task of compromising between the realistic modeling of the response of individual detector components and reasonable performance in terms of CPU time of the simulation. In this paper we describe the simulation of the silicon vertex detector, its performance against collision data and optimization.

Published
2022

8. The Belle II Silicon Vertex Detector: Performance and Running Experience

Author

M. Kaleta, G. Casarosa, Shih-Chang Lee, G. de Marino, H. Aihara, Peter Kodys, T. Zhang, K. Nakamura, Y. B. Li, Y. Onuki, S. Das, K. H. Kang, K. Hara, T. Morii, Tariq Aziz, Jakub Kandra, N. Rout, Prafulla Kumar Behera, G. Dujany, L. Corona, Peter Kvasnicka, A. B. Kaliyar, Seema Bahinipati, Rajesh Kumar, Markus Friedl, Mukesh Kumar, Z. Natkaniec, S. Bettarini, Yonghu Chen, E. Paoloni, Ya-Qiu Jin, G. Batignani, N. Dash, F. Forti, K. Adamczyk, H. Park, A. Bozek, Y. Uematsu, G. Rizzo, H. Yin, I. Ripp-Baudot, T. Czank, J. Suzuki, G. B. Mohanty, R. Thalmeier, B. Gobbo, K. Lalwani, C. Schwanda, Christian Irmler, C. Joo, L. Zani, S. N. Mayekar, Satoshi Tanaka, H. B. Jeon, F. Buchsteiner, A. Ishikawa, S. Bacher, J.A.M. Grimaldo, Doyen Sahoo, W. Ostrowicz, H. Tanigawa, C. La Licata, Surajit Maity, J. Baudot, D. Červenkov, T. Kohriki, T. Tsuboyama, S. Hazra, J. Wiechczynski, E. Ganiev, K. Wan, P. Kapusta, J. Libby, S. Halder, T. Bilka, J. C. Webb, L. Vitale, Z. Doležal, K. K. Rao, O. Verbycka, A. Paladino, T. Higuchi, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Belle-II SVD, and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
noise, vertex detector, BELLE, Tracking (particle physics), 7. Clean energy, Noise (electronics), law.invention, Optics, semiconductor detector: pixel, law, Calibration, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Collider, Image resolution, spatial resolution, Physics, Luminosity (scattering theory), Pixel, business.industry, background, Detector, stability, calibration, efficiency, semiconductor detector: microstrip, business, performance
Abstract

International audience; In spring 2019 the fully equipped Belle II experiment started data taking at the energy of the Y(4S) resonance. The new vertex detector (VXD) consists of two inner layers of DEPFET pixels (PXD) and four outer layers of double-sided silicon strip detectors (SVD). It plays a crucial role in recording high-quality data in the new high-luminosity environment of the SuperKEKB collider, characterized by severe beam backgrounds. The SVD was operated reliably during the 2019 physics run, showing high stability of the noise levels and calibration parameters. The SVD performance, measured with first data, showed excellent hit and tracking efficiencies, high signal-to-noise ratio, and cluster energy distribution in fair agreement with the expectations. Detailed studies of the good spatial resolution achieved will be shown. The excellent hit-time resolution has also been measured, which will be exploited for background rejection in the coming years of running at higher luminosity.

Published
2020

9. The Belle II diamond-detector for radiation monitoring and beam abort

Author

S. Bacher, A. B. Kaliyar, J. Libby, S. Bettarini, H. Park, A. Bozek, G. B. Mohanty, L. Zani, G. Casarosa, Markus Friedl, Satoshi Tanaka, D. Červenkov, Y. Uematsu, Shih-Chang Lee, K. Adamczyk, Tariq Aziz, Seema Bahinipati, G. Batignani, H. Yin, I. Ripp-Baudot, J. Suzuki, T. Czank, G. Rizzo, Peter Kodys, Mukesh Kumar, J. C. Webb, L. Vitale, Y. Onuki, Christian Irmler, Rajesh Kumar, Yonghu Chen, R. Thalmeier, E. Paoloni, T. Morii, Y. Jin, N. Dash, G. Dujany, B. Gobbo, K. Lalwani, C. Schwanda, G. de Marino, S. Hazra, F. Forti, S. N. Mayekar, M. Kaleta, Z. Natkaniec, C. La Licata, K. Hara, S. Das, A. Paladino, K. H. Kang, T. Higuchi, T. Zhang, Y. B. Li, Peter Kvasnicka, K. Nakamura, L. Corona, T. Tsuboyama, Jakub Kandra, N. Rout, J. Wiechczynski, Z. Doležal, H. B. Jeon, A. Ishikawa, F. Buchsteiner, J.A.M. Grimaldo, Doyen Sahoo, C. Joo, H. Aihara, K. Wan, P. Kapusta, S. Halder, T. Bilka, H. Tanigawa, W. Ostrowicz, Surajit Maity, T. Kohriki, J. Baudot, E. Ganiev, K. K. Rao, O. Verbycka, P. K. Behera, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Belle-II SVD, and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Luminosity (scattering theory), Diamond, BELLE, Radiation, engineering.material, law.invention, Nuclear physics, KEKB, law, engineering, electronics: readout, Radiation monitoring, radiation: monitoring, Electronics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Collider, solid-state counter: diamond, talk, Beam (structure), performance, detector: design, radiation: damage
Abstract

International audience; The SuperKEKB electron-positron collider at the KEK laboratory in Japan aims to achieve a maximum luminosity 50$\times$ higher than its predecessors KEKB and PEPII, positioning the Belle II experiment at the forefront of searches for non-standard-model physics in the next decade. High collision intensity implies high beam-induced radiation, which can damage essential Belle II sub-detectors and SuperKEKB components. Twenty-eight diamond sensors, read-out by purpose-built electronics, are installed in the interaction region to measure radiation and prevent damage. This talk introduces the system features and discusses its performance in early Belle II data taking.

Published
2020

10. Beam background study for the Belle II Silicon Vertex Detector

Author

H. Aihara, S. Watanuki, T. Aziz, W. Ostrowicz, B. Gobbo, K. Lalwani, T. Lueck, G. Casarosa, T. Czank, Surajit Maity, H. B. Jeon, H. Park, L. Lanceri, H. Nakayama, F. Buchsteiner, T. Zhang, Takeo Higuchi, G. Dujany, Rajeev Kumar, L. Corona, Yonghu Chen, Markus Friedl, T. Tsuboyama, S. Hazra, S. E. Vahsen, Prafulla Kumar Behera, H. Tanigawa, J. Wiechczynski, A. B. Kaliyar, Y. Onuki, A. Bozek, Keigo Hara, L. Santelj, P. Kodyš, K. Nakamura, Z. Natkaniec, Y. Uematsu, J. Suzuki, N. Dash, Jakub Kandra, G. Batignani, N. Rout, J. A. Mora Grimaldo, Christoph Schwanda, Satoshi Tanaka, John Webb, Z. Doležal, L. Vitale, K. Wan, P. Kapusta, I. Ripp-Baudot, M. Kumar, F. Forti, K. K. Rao, O. Verbycka, C. La Licata, Shih-Chang Lee, J. Libby, S. Halder, T. Morii, T. Bilka, D. Červenkov, S. Bettarini, Christian Irmler, E. Ganiev, A. Ishikawa, A. Paladino, Peter Kvasnicka, M. Kaleta, R. Thalmeier, K. Adamczyk, H. Yin, E. Paoloni, N. Sato, G. B. Mohanty, S. N. Mayekar, K. H. Kang, G. de Marino, G. Rizzo, S. Das, J. Baudot, S. Bacher, T. Kohriki, C. W. Joo, Dipak Kumar Sahoo, L. Zani, Y. B. Li, S. Bahinipati, Tanigawa, H., Adamczyk, K., Aihara, H., Aziz, T., Bacher, S., Bahinipati, S., Batignani, G., Baudot, J., Behera, P. K., Bettarini, S., Bilka, T., Bozek, A., Buchsteiner, F., Casarosa, G., Cervenkov, D., Chen, Y. Q., Corona, L., Czank, T., Das, S. B., Dash, N., de Marino, G., Dolezal, Z., Dujany, G., Forti, F., Friedl, M., Ganiev, E., Gobbo, B., Halder, S., Hara, K., Hazra, S., Higuchi, T., Irmler, C., Ishikawa, A., Jeon, H. B., Joo, C., Kaleta, M., Kaliyar, A. B., Kandra, J., Kang, K. H., Kapusta, P., Kodys, P., Kohriki, T., Kumar, M., Kumar, R., Kvasnicka, P., Licata, C. L., Lalwani, K., Lanceri, L., Lee, S. C., Li, Y. B., Libby, J., Lueck, T., Maity, S., Mayekar, S. N., Mohanty, G. B., Grimaldo, J. A. M., Morii, T., Nakamura, K. R., Nakayama, H., Natkaniec, Z., Onuki, Y., Ostrowicz, W., Paladino, A., Paoloni, E., Park, H., Rao, K. K., Ripp-Baudot, I., Rizzo, G., Rout, N., Sahoo, D., Santelj, L., Sato, N., Schwanda, C., Suzuki, J., Tanaka, S., Thalmeier, R., Tsuboyama, T., Uematsu, Y., Vahsen, S. E., Verbycka, O., Vitale, L., Wan, K., Watanuki, S., Webb, J., Wiechczynski, J., Yin, H., Zani, L., Zhang, T., Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Belle-II SVD

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Meson, Silicon, vertex detector, chemistry.chemical_element, BELLE, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Beam background, Nuclear physics, Belle II, Silicon vertex detector, law, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Collider, Instrumentation, Physics, Luminosity (scattering theory), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, Detector, beam: background, chemistry, semiconductor detector, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, performance, Energy (signal processing), Beam (structure)
Abstract

The Belle II experiment aims to accumulate 50 ab−1 of e + e − collision data at the SuperKEKB asymmetric energy collider (Tsukuba, Japan). The first physics data using all Belle II detectors were taken in spring 2019. In the vast physics program of the Belle II experiment, the vertex detector plays a crucial role for the determination of the B -meson decay vertices. It consists of two inner layers of pixelated silicon detectors and four outer layers of double-sided silicon strip detectors (SVD). To achieve a design luminosity of 8 × 1 0 35 cm − 2 s − 1 , 40 times higher than the recorded luminosity of its predecessor, the SuperKEKB collider squeezes the beams to a vertical size of 50 nm (“nano-beam scheme”) and doubles the beam currents. Therefore, the detectors are required to tolerate intense beam induced background due to the very high luminosity. During the 2019 spring run we measured the occupancy rate in the SVD to estimate the level of the beam induced background. With the low initial luminosity, the observed beam induced background mostly originated from Touschek processes and beam-gas scattering within individual beams. Since these different background contributions depend differently on accelerator conditions, such as the beam current, beam size and pressure, they can be disentangled. We estimate the background rate of each contribution and compare them with simulated ones. The results enable us to predict the background levels at increased beam currents and luminosity in the coming years. They also hint at background mitigation measures for running at higher luminosity. In this proceeding we present the results of our study of the beam induced background in the SVD and the prospects for future operation.

Published
2020

11. Performance of the Belle II silicon vertex detector

Author

H. Tanigawa, K. Adamczyk, H. Aihara, T. Aziz, S. Bacher, S. Bahinipati, G. Batignani, J. Baudot, P.K. Behera, S. Bettarini, T. Bilka, A. Bozek, F. Buchsteiner, G. Casarosa, D. Červenkov, Y.Q. Chen, L. Corona, T. Czank, S.B. Das, N. Dash, G. de Marino, Z. Doležal, G. Dujany, F. Forti, M. Friedl, E. Ganiev, B. Gobbo, S. Halder, K. Hara, S. Hazra, T. Higuchi, C. Irmler, A. Ishikawa, H.B. Jeon, C. Joo, M. Kaleta, A.B. Kaliyar, J. Kandra, K.H. Kang, P. Kapusta, P. Kodyš, T. Kohriki, M. Kumar, R. Kumar, P. Kvasnička, C. La Licata, K. Lalwani, L. Lanceri, S.C. Lee, Y.B. Li, J. Libby, T. Lueck, S. Maity, S.N. Mayekar, G.B. Mohanty, J.A. Mora Grimaldo, T. Morii, K.R. Nakamura, Z. Natkaniec, Y. Onuki, W. Ostrowicz, A. Paladino, E. Paoloni, H. Park, K.K. Rao, I. Ripp-Baudot, G. Rizzo, N. Rout, D. Sahoo, N. Sato, C. Schwanda, J. Suzuki, S. Tanaka, R. Thalmeier, T. Tsuboyama, Y. Uematsu, O. Verbycka, L. Vitale, K. Wan, S. Watanuki, J. Webb, J. Wiechczynski, H. Yin, L. Zani, T. Zhang, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Belle-II, Belle-II SVD, Tanigawa, H., Adamczyk, K., Aihara, H., Aziz, T., Bacher, S., Bahinipati, S., Batignani, G., Baudot, J., Behera, P. K., Bettarini, S., Bilka, T., Bozek, A., Buchsteiner, F., Casarosa, G., Cervenkov, D., Chen, Y. Q., Corona, L., Czank, T., Das, S. B., Dash, N., de Marino, G., Dolezal, Z., Dujany, G., Forti, F., Friedl, M., Ganiev, E., Gobbo, B., Halder, S., Hara, K., Hazra, S., Higuchi, T., Irmler, C., Ishikawa, A., Jeon, H. B., Joo, C., Kaleta, M., Kaliyar, A. B., Kandra, J., Kang, K. H., Kapusta, P., Kodys, P., Kohriki, T., Kumar, M., Kumar, R., Kvasnicka, P., La Licata, C., Lalwani, K., Lanceri, L., Lee, S. C., Li, Y. B., Libby, J., Lueck, T., Maity, S., Mayekar, S. N., Mohanty, G. B., Grimaldo, J. A. M., Morii, T., Nakamura, K. R., Natkaniec, Z., Onuki, Y., Ostrowicz, W., Paladino, A., Paoloni, E., Park, H., Rao, K. K., Ripp-Baudot, I., Rizzo, G., Rout, N., Sahoo, D., Sato, N., Schwanda, C., Suzuki, J., Tanaka, S., Thalmeier, R., Tsuboyama, T., Uematsu, Y., Verbycka, O., Vitale, L., Wan, K., Watanuki, S., Webb, J., Wiechczynski, J., Yin, H., Zani, L., and Zhang, T.

Subjects
Vertex (graph theory), Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Matching (graph theory), Performance, vertex detector, BELLE, fabrication, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Noise (electronics), Silicon vertex detector, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, semiconductor detector: pixel, 0103 physical sciences, Singular value decomposition, Belle II, vertex detector: design, Silicon Vertex Detector, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, activity report, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Resolution (electron density), Detector, Belle experiment, Vertex (geometry), semiconductor detector: microstrip, Vertex detector, Impact parameter, SVD, performance, semiconductor detector: design, experimental results
Abstract

The Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB collider of KEK (Japan) started recording physics data in spring 2019 with all its subdetectors installed and with the goal of accumulating 50ab−1 of e+e− collision events at the unprecedented instantaneous luminosity of 8×1035cm−2s−1, about 40 times larger than its predecessor. The Belle II vertex detector plays a crucial role in the broad Belle II physics program, especially for time-dependent CP measurements. It consists of two layers of DEPFET-based pixels and four layers of double-sided silicon strip detectors (SVD). The experience gained from the first period of SVD operation can be summarized as smooth and reliable running of the detector, with high stability of noise levels and calibration parameters obtained from local calibration runs. No major problem has been experienced. The detector even survived a few serious radiation accidents in which the beam was lost due to failure in the machine focusing quadrupoles without any notable damage. The SVD performance were carefully studied with these first physics data. The SVD showed excellent hit and tracking efficiency. Moreover, cluster energy and signal to noise ratio as well as the hit time and spatial resolutions measured on data showed a fair agreement with the expected performance.

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