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Introduction: Spinal and non-spinal pathologies can cause low back pain. Non-spinal sources of low back pain include the sacroiliac joint (SIJ) and the hip. SIJ pain can be treated either conservatively or surgically. Current strategies for managing sacroiliac joint pain are debated, and limited evidence exists. Areas covered: The present expert opinion updates current evidence on conservative and surgical modalities for SIJ pain Expert opinion: Surgical management for SIJ pain is effective. However, it exposes patients to surgery and, therefore, related complications. Conservative management may be implemented in patients with moderate SIJ pain, with less than six months of symptoms, or not eligible for surgery. Several noninvasive modalities are available, mostly centered on intra-articular injections. Corticosteroids, platelet-rich plasma, and stem cells have only midterm lasting effects, at most for nine months. Radiofrequency ablation is another methodology for pain relief. Both continuous and pulsatile radiofrequency ablation are associated with good outcomes. SIJ fusion can be performed using different techniques; however, a clear recommendation on the most appropriate modality for the management of SIJ pain is still debated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Transient bone osteoporosis (TBO) is characterized by persistent pain, loss of function, no history of trauma and magnetic resonance image (MRI) findings of bone marrow edema. Source of data PubMed, Google scholar, EMABSE and Web of Science were accessed in February 2023. No time constrains were used for the search. Areas of agreement TBO is rare and misunderstood, typically affecting women during the third trimester of pregnancy or middle-aged men, leading to functional disability for 4–8 weeks followed by self-resolution of the symptoms. Areas of controversy Given the limited evidence in the current literature, consensus on optimal management is lacking. Growing points This systematic review investigates current management of TBO. Areas timely for developing research A conservative approach leads to the resolution of symptoms and MRI findings at midterm follow-up. Administration of bisphosphonates might alleviate pain and accelerate both clinical and imaging recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Following posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) rupture, autografts and allografts are routinely used for its reconstruction. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of allografts for primary PCL reconstruction, comparing them to autografts in terms of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), functional tests, and complications. Methods: This study followed the PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Embase, and Scopus were accessed in October 2022. All the clinical studies investigating the outcomes of primary PCL reconstruction using allografts, or comparing the outcomes of allografts versus autografts, were accessed. The outcomes of interests were: instrumental laxity, range of motion (ROM), Telos stress radiography, drawer test, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), Tegner Activity Scale, and the Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale. Data on complications were also recorded. Results: A total of 445 patients were included. The mean follow-up was 45.2 ± 23.8 months. The mean age of the patients was 30.6 ± 2.2 years. The time span between the injury and surgical intervention was 12.9 ± 10 months. Overall, 28% (125 of 445 patients) were women. Good baseline comparability was found between the two cohorts. No difference was found in terms of Lysholm Score, ROM, Tegner Scale, IKDC, arthrometer laxity, drawer test, and Telos stress radiography. No difference was found in the rates of anterior knee pain and revision. Conclusion: Allografts can be considered a suitable alternative to autografts for PCL reconstruction. Level of evidence: III. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]