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13. Soil protistology rebooted: 30 fundamental questions to start with

Author

Geisen, S., Mitchell, E.A.D., Wilkinson, D.M., Adl, S., Bonkowski, M., Brown, M.W., Fiore-Donno, A.M., Heger, T.J., Jassey, V.E.J., Krashevska, V., Lahr, D.J.G., Marcisz, K., Mulot, M., Payne, R., Singer, D., Anderson, O.R., Charman, D.J., Ekelund, F., Griffiths, B.S., Rønn, R., Smirnov, A., Bass, ´D., Belbahri, L., Berney, C., Blandenier, Q., Chatzinotas, Antonis, Clarholm, M., Dunthorn, M., Feest, A., Fernández, L.D., Foissner, W., Fournier, B., Gentekaki, E., Hájek, M., Helder, J., Jousset, A., Koller, R., Kumar, S., La Terza, A., Lamentowicz, M., Mazei, Y., Santos, S.S., Seppey, C.V.W., Spiegel, F.W., Walochnik, J., Winding, A., Lara, E., Geisen, S., Mitchell, E.A.D., Wilkinson, D.M., Adl, S., Bonkowski, M., Brown, M.W., Fiore-Donno, A.M., Heger, T.J., Jassey, V.E.J., Krashevska, V., Lahr, D.J.G., Marcisz, K., Mulot, M., Payne, R., Singer, D., Anderson, O.R., Charman, D.J., Ekelund, F., Griffiths, B.S., Rønn, R., Smirnov, A., Bass, ´D., Belbahri, L., Berney, C., Blandenier, Q., Chatzinotas, Antonis, Clarholm, M., Dunthorn, M., Feest, A., Fernández, L.D., Foissner, W., Fournier, B., Gentekaki, E., Hájek, M., Helder, J., Jousset, A., Koller, R., Kumar, S., La Terza, A., Lamentowicz, M., Mazei, Y., Santos, S.S., Seppey, C.V.W., Spiegel, F.W., Walochnik, J., Winding, A., and Lara, E.

Abstract

Protists are the most diverse eukaryotes. These microbes are keystone organisms of soil ecosystems and regulate essential processes of soil fertility such as nutrient cycling and plant growth. Despite this, protists have received little scientific attention, especially compared to bacteria, fungi and nematodes in soil studies. Recent methodological advances, particularly in molecular biology techniques, have made the study of soil protists more accessible, and have created a resurgence of interest in soil protistology. This ongoing revolution now enables comprehensive investigations of the structure and functioning of soil protist communities, paving the way to a new era in soil biology. Instead of providing an exhaustive review, we provide a synthesis of research gaps that should be prioritized in future studies of soil protistology to guide this rapidly developing research area. Based on a synthesis of expert opinion we propose 30 key questions covering a broad range of topics including evolution, phylogenetics, functional ecology, macroecology, paleoecology, and methodologies. These questions highlight a diversity of topics that will establish soil protistology as a hub discipline connecting different fundamental and applied fields such as ecology, biogeography, evolution, plant-microbe interactions, agronomy, and conservation biology. We are convinced that soil protistology has the potential to be one of the most exciting frontiers in biology.

Published
2017

14. Phytophthora niederhauserii sp. nov., a new polyphagous species mostly isolated from ornamentals potted plants in twelve countries of five continents

Author

Abad, Z. G., Abad, J. A., Cacciola, Santa Olga, Pane, Antonella, Faedda, R., Moralejo, E., Pérez Sierra, A., Abad Campos, P., Alvarez Bernaola, L., Bakonyi, J., Józsa, A., Herrero, M. L., Burgess, T. I., Cunnington, J. H., Smith, I. W., Balci, Y., Blomquist, C., Henricot, B., Denton, G., Spies, C., Mcleod, A., Belbahri, L., Cooke, D. E. L., Kageyama, K., Uematsu, S., Kurbetli, I., and Değirmenci, K.

Subjects
Straminipila, taxonomy, ITS, β-tub, EF-1α, Oomycetes, plant pathogen
Published
2014

15. New reports of Bursaphelenchus species associated with conifer trees in Romania

Author

Calin, M., Costache, C., Braasch, H., Zaulet, M., Buburuzan, L., Petrovan, V., Dumitru, M., Mota, M., Vieira, P., and Belbahri, L.

Subjects
Morphometrics, Ecology, biology, Monochamus, Forestry, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, Introduced species, Bursaphelenchus, Pinus cembra, biology.organism_classification, food.food, law.invention, food, law, Quarantine, Taxonomy (biology)
Abstract

Summary The 2013 annual monitoring programme for the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, analysed a total of 267 wood samplescollected from declining or symptomatic coniferous trees distributed among national forests, gardens, public parks, distribution centres,wood-processing industries, as well as 104 samples collected from wood packing material originated from several other countries. From atotal of eight species found, five have been previously reported from Romania, while three other species (Bursaphelenchus abietinus, Bursa-phelenchus fraudulentus and Bursaphelenchus fuchsi) represent new findings for Romania. In addition, B. mucronatus was found in packingwood originated from Russia. Herein, we provide a morphological, morphometric and molecular characterization for the new species foundfor Romania. Bursaphelenchus xylophilus was not detected. 1 Introduction The pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer, 1934) Nickle, 1970, is considered one ofthe most important pests and pathogens of conifer forests worldwide. The general fear of establishment of the PWN, causalagent of the pine wilt disease (PWD) into new areas, assumes huge relevance due to the devastating damage that this spe-cies can cause to pine forests (Vicente et al. 2012). As the first report of this species in Europe (Mota et al. 1999), all Euro-pean Union members have adopted recommended regulations and have performed national surveys for monitoring thepotential entry of this quarantine species.In the past years, Romania has been following EU regulations, such as the 2012/535/UE decision on emergency mea-sures to prevent the introduction and spread of the PWN, thereby annual national surveys have been conducted under theMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Development. The total forest area in Romania consists of over 6.3 million ha, corres-ponding to 27% of the total land area of the country. Romanian forests are diverse, with 31% represented by conifers,including several Pinus species (e.g. Pinus cembra, P. mugo, P. nigra and P. sylvestris) (Donita et al. 1990; Borlea et al.2006). Although the current phytosanitary measures and monitoring programme in Romania aim to minimizes the risk ofentry of the PWN into the country, the favourable climatic conditions, associated with the presence of highly susceptiblepine trees (P. nigra and P. sylvestris) and distribution of Monochamus species (Ruicanescu 2007), which can mediate thetransportation and transmission of the PWN, impose a continuous challenge to protect the national pine forests.This quarantine programme has not only allowed monitoring of the national pine forests and several critical areas wherethe PWN could entry/establish (entry ports and wood factories), but also has provided the opportunity to identify andcharacterize other species belonging to the genus Bursaphelenchus. The first report of the genus in Romania was given in2013 (Calin et al. 2013), followed by the identification and characterization of five species of this genus, namely B. hofman-ni Braasch, 1998; B. poligraphi Fuchs, 1937; B. vallesianus Braasch, Sh€onfeld, Polomski & Burgermeister, 2004; B. willibaldiShonfeld, Braasch & Burgermeister, 2006, including the€ first description of B. andrassyi Dayi, Calin, Akbulut, Gu, Schr€oder,Vieira & Braasch, 2014 (Dayi et al. 2014).During 2013, the sampled areas throughout the country and the number of wood samples collected were intensified, aswell as the number of samples collected from wood originating from other countries. As a result, three additional Bursaphe-lenchus species, new for Romania, have been identified. In this context, we provide a morphological and molecular charac-terization of the newly found Bursaphelenchus species.

Published
2014

16. Phytophthora niederhauserii sp. nov., a polyphagous species associated with ornamentals, fruit trees and native plants in thirteen countries

Author

Abad, Z. G., Abad, J. A., Cacciola, Santa Olga, Pane, Antonella, Faedda, R, Moralejo, E, Pérez Sierra, A, Abad Campos, P, Alvarez Bernaola LA, Bakonyi, J, Józsa, A, Herrero, Ml, Burgess, Ti, Cunnington, Jh, Smith, Iw, Balci, Y, Blomquist, C, Henricot, B, Denton, G, Spies, C, Mcleod, A, Belbahri, L, Cooke, D, Kageyama, K, Uematsui̇lker, S, Kurbetli, I, and Değirmenci, L.

Subjects
b-tub, Oomycetes, plant pathogen, EF-1a, ITS
Published
2014

17. The Heterobasidion irregulare genome project

Author

Olson, Å., Aerts, A., Asiegbu, F., Belbahri, L., Bouzid, O., Broberg, A., Canbäck, B., Coutinho, P. M., Cullen, D., Dalman, K., Deflorio, G., VAN DIEPEN, L. T. A., Dunand, C., Duplessis, S., Durling, M., Gonthier, Paolo, Grimwood, J., Fossdal, C. G., Hansson, D., Henrissat, B., Hietala, A., Himmelstrand, K., Hoffmeister, D., Högberg, N., James, T. Y., Karlsson, M., Lind, M., Kohler, A., Kües, U., Lee, Y. H., Lin, Y. C., Lindquist, E., Lombard, V., Lucas, S., Lundén, K., Morin, E., Murat, C., Park, J., Raffaello, T., Rouzé, P., Salamov, A., Schmutz, J., Solheim, H., Ståhlberg, J., Vélëz, H., DE VRIES, R. P., Wiebenga, A., Woodward, S., Yakovlev, I., Garbelotto, M., Martin, F., Grigoriev, I. V., and Stenlid, J.

Published
2013

18. Insight intotrade-off between wood decay and parasitism: Insights from the genome of a fungal forest pathogen

Author

Olson, Å., Aerts, A., Asiegbu, F., Belbahri, L., Bouzid, O., Broberg, A., Canbäck, B., Coutinho, P. M., Cullen, D., Dalman, K., Deflorio, G., VAN DIEPEN, L. T. A., Dunand, C., Duplessis, S., Durling, M., Gonthier, Paolo, Grimwood, J., Fossdal, C. G., Hansson, D., Henrissat, B., Hietala, A., Himmelstrand, K., Hoffmeister, D., Högberg, N., James, T. Y., Karlsson, M., Lind, M., Kohler, A., Kües, U., Lee, Y. H., Lin, Y. C., Lindquist, E., Lombard, V., Lucas, S., Lundén, K., Morin, E., Murat, C., Park, J., Raffaello, T., Rouzé, P., Salamov, A., Schmutz, J., Solheim, H., Ståhlberg, J., Vélëz, H., DE VRIES, R. P., Wiebenga, A., Woodward, S., Yakovlev, I., Garbelotto, M., Martin, F., Grigoriev, I. V., and Stenlid, J.

Subjects
parasitism, wood decay, pathology, genome, Heterobasidion, saprotrophy, trade-off
Published
2012

20. Phytophthora niederhauserii sp. nov., a polyphagous species associated with ornamentals, fruit trees and native plants in 13 countries

Author

Abad, Z.G., Abad, J.A., Cacciola, S.O., Pane, A., Faedda, R., Moralejo, E., Perez-Sierra, A., Abad-Campos, P., Alvarez-Bernaola, L.A., Bakonyi, J., Jozsa, A., Herrero, M. L., Burgess, T.I., Cunnington, J.H., Smith, I.W., Balci, Y., Blomquist, C., Henricot, B., Denton, G., Spies, C., Mcleod, A., Belbahri, L., Cooke, D., Kageyama, K., Uematsu, S., Kurbetli, I., De irmenci, K., Abad, Z.G., Abad, J.A., Cacciola, S.O., Pane, A., Faedda, R., Moralejo, E., Perez-Sierra, A., Abad-Campos, P., Alvarez-Bernaola, L.A., Bakonyi, J., Jozsa, A., Herrero, M. L., Burgess, T.I., Cunnington, J.H., Smith, I.W., Balci, Y., Blomquist, C., Henricot, B., Denton, G., Spies, C., Mcleod, A., Belbahri, L., Cooke, D., Kageyama, K., Uematsu, S., Kurbetli, I., and De irmenci, K.

Abstract

A non-papillate, heterothallic Phytophthora species first isolated in 2001 and subsequently from symptomatic roots, crowns and stems of 33 plant species in 25 unrelated botanical families from 13 countries is formally described here as a new species. Symptoms on various hosts included crown and stem rot, chlorosis, wilting, leaf blight, cankers and gumming. This species was isolated from Australia, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, South Africa, Spain, Taiwan, Turkey, the United Kingdom and United States in association with shrubs and herbaceous ornamentals grown mainly in greenhouses. The most prevalent hosts are English ivy (Hedera helix) and Cistus (Cistus salvifolius). The association of the species with acorn banksia (Banksia prionotes) plants in natural ecosystems in Australia, in affected vineyards (Vitis vinifera) in South Africa and almond (Prunus dulcis) trees in Spain and Turkey in addition to infection of shrubs and herbaceous ornamentals in a broad range of unrelated families are a sign of a wide ecological adaptation of the species and its potential threat to agricultural and natural ecosystems. The morphology of the persistent non-papillate ellipsoid sporangia, unique toruloid lobate hyphal swellings and amphigynous antheridia does not match any of the described species. Phylogenetic analysis based on sequences of the ITS rDNA, EF-1a, and b-tub supported that this organism is a hitherto unknown species. It is closely related to species in ITS clade 7b with the most closely related species being P. sojae. The name Phytophthora niederhauserii has been used in previous studies without the formal description of the holotype. This name is validated in this manuscript with the formal description of Phytophthora niederhauserii Z.G. Abad et J.A. Abad, sp. nov. The name is coined to honor Dr John S. Niederhauser, a notable plant pathologist and the 1990 World Food Prize laureate.

Published
2014

21. Rapid diagnosis of pathogenic Phytophthora species in soil by real-time PCR.

Author

Nowakowska, J. A., Malewski, T., Tereba, A., Oszako, T., and Belbahri, L.

Subjects
PHYTOPHTHORA, SOIL microbiology, SOIL sampling, GENE amplification, POLYMERASE chain reaction
Abstract

Real-time PCR assays based on the TaqMan system and using ITS sequences were developed for the identification of Phytophthora species, including P. cactorum, P. megasperma, P. plurivora, P. pseudosyringae and P. quercina, all of which are currently causing significant damage to roots of forest trees in both managed stands and natural ecosystems. Total genomic DNA was extracted from mycelia of aforementioned Phytophthora isolates. Species-specific primers for P. cactorum, P. megasperma, P. plurivora, P. pseudosyringae and P. quercina were designed based on ITS sequences of rDNA. The amplification efficiency of target DNA varied from 93.1% ( P. pseudosyringae) to 106.8% ( P. quercina). The limit of the detection was calculated as 100 - 1,000 fg DNA, depending on the Phytophthora species. In mixed soil samples, all Phytophthora species were detected for Ct values shifted by 0.7 - 2.1 cycles. Based on these real-time PCR assays we were able to identify the five Phytophthora species. These techniques will be of value in the identification of these pathogens, which may cause up to 80 - 90% fine root loss in oak stands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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22. Ca2+-dependent lipid binding and membrane integration of PopA, a harpin-like elicitor of the hypersensitive response in tobacco

Author

Racape, J., Belbahri, L., Engelhardt, S., Lacombe, B., Lee, J., Lochman, J., Marais, A., Nicole, M., Nurnberger, T., Parlange, F., Puverel, S., Keller, H., Interactions plantes-microorganismes et santé végétale (IPMSV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (BPMP), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Department of Stress and Developmental Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Diversité et génomes des plantes cultivées (UMR DGPC), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Réponse des Organismes aux Stress Environnementaux (ROSE), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), CSM, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Masaryk University, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Interactions plantes-microorganismes et santé végétale ( IPMSV ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes ( BPMP ), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Diversité et génomes des plantes cultivées ( DGPC ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Réponse des Organismes aux Stress Environnementaux ( ROSE ), and Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA )

Subjects
[ SDV.BV ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, ralstonia-solanacearum, bacterial pathogenesis, plant-pathogen, transgenic tobacco, food and beverages, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, secondary structure, iii secretion system, yersinia-enterocolitica, effector protein, structure prediction, programmed cell-death
Abstract

PopA is released by type III secretion from the bacterial plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum and triggers the hypersensitive response (HR) in tobacco. The function of PopA remains obscure, mainly because mutants lacking this protein are not altered in their ability to interact with plants. In an attempt to identify the site of PopA activity in plant cells, we generated transgenic tobacco plants expressing the popA gene under the control of an inducible promoter. Immunocytologic analysis revealed that the HR phenotype of these plants correlated with the presence of PopA at the plant plasma membrane. Membrane localization was observed irrespective of whether the protein was designed to accumulate in the cytoplasm or to be secreted by the plant cell, suggesting a general lipid-binding ability. We found that the protein had a high affinity for sterols and sphingolipids in vitro and that it required Ca2+ for both lipid binding and oligomerization. In addition, the protein was integrated into liposomes and membranes from Xenopus laevis oocytes where it formed ion-conducting pores. These characteristics suggest that PopA is part of a system that aims to attach the host cell plasma membrane and to allow molecules cross this barrier.

Published
2005
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23. Insight into trade-off between wood decay and parasitism from the genome of a fungal forest pathogen

Author

Olson, A., Aerts, A., Asiegbu, F., Belbahri, L., Bouzid, O., Broberg, A., Canback, B., Coutinho, P.M., Cullen, D., Dalman, K., Deflorio, G., van Diepen, L.T., Dunand, C., Duplessis, S., Durling, M., Gonthier, P., Grimwood, J., Fossdal, C.G., Hansson, D., Henrissat, B., Hietala, A., Himmelstrand, K., Hoffmeister, D., Hogberg, N., James, T.Y., Karlsson, M., Kohler, A., Kues, U., Lee, Y.H., Lin, Y.C., Lind, M., Lindquist, E., Lombard, V., Lucas, S., Lunden, K., Morin, E., Murat, C., Park, J., Raffaello, T., Rouze, P., Salamov, A., Schmutz, J., Solheim, H., Stahlberg, J., Velez, H., de Vries, R.P., Wiebenga, A., Woodward, S., Yakovlev, I., Garbelotto, M., Martin, F., Grigoriev, I.V., Stenlid, J., Olson, A., Aerts, A., Asiegbu, F., Belbahri, L., Bouzid, O., Broberg, A., Canback, B., Coutinho, P.M., Cullen, D., Dalman, K., Deflorio, G., van Diepen, L.T., Dunand, C., Duplessis, S., Durling, M., Gonthier, P., Grimwood, J., Fossdal, C.G., Hansson, D., Henrissat, B., Hietala, A., Himmelstrand, K., Hoffmeister, D., Hogberg, N., James, T.Y., Karlsson, M., Kohler, A., Kues, U., Lee, Y.H., Lin, Y.C., Lind, M., Lindquist, E., Lombard, V., Lucas, S., Lunden, K., Morin, E., Murat, C., Park, J., Raffaello, T., Rouze, P., Salamov, A., Schmutz, J., Solheim, H., Stahlberg, J., Velez, H., de Vries, R.P., Wiebenga, A., Woodward, S., Yakovlev, I., Garbelotto, M., Martin, F., Grigoriev, I.V., and Stenlid, J.

Published
2012

24. Characterisation of the two informally designated ITS Clade 6 taxa Phytophthora taxon Forestsoil and P. sp. hungarica

Author

Bakonyi, J., Árpád Nagy, Z., Burgess, T., Szigethy, A., Nechwatal, J., Koltay, A., Woodward, S., Belbahri, L., Jung, T., Bakonyi, J., Árpád Nagy, Z., Burgess, T., Szigethy, A., Nechwatal, J., Koltay, A., Woodward, S., Belbahri, L., and Jung, T.

Abstract

Phytophthora ITS Clade 6 contains numerous informally designated taxa and recently described new species. We report here on the characterisation of the two informally designated taxa P. taxon Forestsoil and P. sp. hungarica. The first culture of P. taxon Forestsoil was collected from soil of an oak‐ Carpinus forest in 1998 and partially characterised later [1]. Subsequently, a few isolates from alder soil with identical ITS sequences to P. t. Forestsoil were reported as P. sp. sylvatica and P. sp. H‐6/02 at Genbank in 2007. At the same time other isolates from alder soil, differing from P. t. Forestsoil and its synonyms in their colony pattern on carrot agar (CA) and at the same 4 positions in their ITS, were named P. sp. hungarica, P. sp. H‐7/02 and P. sp. H‐8/02. Additional ‘hungarica’ isolates were then collected in Alaska [2], also from alder soils or nearby waterways. In our detailed study, the only consistent morphological difference between ‘Forestsoil’ and ‘hungarica’ was still the culture pattern on CA. Both taxa showed similar growth rates and cardinal temperatures, produced similar sporangia, were homothallic with mostly paragynous antheridia and aplerotic oospores often with several ooplasts. Concatenated analyses using 4 nuclear and 2 mitochondrial gene sequences were in concordance with the morphological and physiological features supporting the grouping of ‘Forestsoil’ and ‘hungarica’ isolates into 2 very closely related but distinct clades. These results might help to unravel the taxonomic and phylogenetic position of these informally designated taxa.

Published
2012

25. Inducible necrosis in transgenic tobacco plants harboring a fusion between the elicitor gene Popa from Ralstonia solanacearum and the HSR203J promoter

Author

Belbahri, L., Pamboukdjian, N., RICCI, Pierre, Delon, R., Boucher, C., Keller, Harald, Interactions plantes-microorganismes et santé végétale (IPMSV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité mixte de recherche interactions plantes-microorganismes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

Subjects
RALSTONIA SOLANACEARUM, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
1999

26. Hypersensitive response and disease resistance upon pathogen-induced expression of elicitor genes in tobacco

Author

Belbahri, L., Pamboukdjian, N., RICCI, Pierre, Delon, R., Van Gijsegem, Frederique, Roby, D., Keller, Harald, Interactions plantes-microorganismes et santé végétale (IPMSV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité mixte de recherche interactions plantes-microorganismes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
1999

29. Endohyphal bacteria from fungal endophytes of the Mediterranean cypress ( Cupressus sempervirens) exhibit in vitro bioactivity.

Author

Pakvaz, S., Soltani, J., and Belbahri, L.

Subjects
ENDOPHYTIC fungi, CYPRESS, BACILLACEAE, HOST plants, IN vitro studies
Abstract

Endohyphal organisms of endophytic fungi can induce, or promote, beneficial effects of their respective host fungi to the host plant that harbours them. The Cupressaceae plant family (Coniferales) hosts highly bioactive endophytic fungi. Here, we show that a fraction of such endophytic fungi harbours bioactive endohyphal bacteria with a non-obligatory symbiotic lifestyle. Indeed, 5 of 16 (31.25%) endophytic fungi of Cupressus sempervirens harboured endofungal bacterial strains of Bacillaceae (G+, Bacilli) and Sphingomonadaceae (G−, α-Proteobacteria), that is Bacillus pumilus (from the fungi Leptosphaeria CSE211 and Pyrenochaeta CSE134), Bacillus subtilis (from the fungi Leptosphaeria CSE212 and Ascorhizoctonia CSE148) and Sphingomonas paucimobilis (from the fungus Ascorhizoctonia CSE195). Notably, each endophytic fungal species contained only one endofungal bacterial species that was stably maintained in symbiosis over several rounds of subculturing. Moreover, we investigated whether cypress endofungal bacteria ( CEB) could benefit their host fungus competing with other fungi and bacteria or the host plant against the invading microorganisms. In vitro assays indicated that CEB possessed antagonistic activity against cypress endophytic and pathogenic microbiome. Also, CEB metabolites and volatile compounds ( VOCs) exhibited antifungal and antibacterial activity against the target microbiome. Bioactivity of CEB was less than that of the endophytic microbiome of Cupressaceae, on which we reported earlier. In conclusion, our work is the first to document endohyphal bacteria of fungal endophytes of C. sempervirens and the bioactivity of such endohyphal symbionts. These findings implicate a complicated interrelationship among host plant, endophytic microbiome and endofungal bacteria, which might be of high importance for evolutionary, as well as environmental and agricultural studies. Eventually, endohyphal bacteria may be introduced as a novel source for lead molecule discovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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30. Enhancement of antifungal activity of Burkholderia pyrrocinia JK- SH007 genetically modified with Bacillus subtilis Chi113 gene.

Author

He, L.‐M., Ye, J.‐R., Ren, J.‐H., Huang, L., Wu, X.‐Q., and Belbahri, L.

Subjects
BURKHOLDERIA, BACILLUS subtilis, ANTIFUNGAL agents, POLYMERASE chain reaction, MESSENGER RNA
Abstract

Previous studies showed that Burkholderia pyrrocinia JK- SH007 is a potential biocontrol agent of poplar canker disease. In this report, B. pyrrocinia JK- SH007 was genetically modified by introducing the Bacillus subtilis Chi113 gene to enhance its antifungal activity. The green fluorescence of B. pyrrocinia JK- SH007E1 can be detected because of its transformation with plasmid pHKT2- Chi113 containing a gfp reporter gene. Real-time quantitative PCR ( qPCR) showed that the B. subtilis Chi113 gene was highly expressed in B. pyrrocinia JK- SH007E1 at mRNA level. The chitinase activity and the antifungal activity of B. pyrrocinia JK- SH007E1 were significantly increased, and the clear halo was visible on the colloidal chitin agar plate. In addition, the constructed recombinant plasmid pHKT2- Chi113 was stably maintained for at least 100 generations in the absence of antibiotic selection in B. pyrrocinia JK- SH007E1. In western blot analysis, the Chi113- GFP fusion protein was detected in B. pyrrocinia JK- SH007E1 using the GFP polyclonal antibody. In conclusion, the B. subtilis Chi113 gene was successfully transformed into B. pyrrocinia JK- SH007 and was expressed both at mRNA level and protein level. Moreover, the antifungal activity of B. pyrrocinia JK- SH007 was improved through this genetic modification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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31. Antifungal activity and identification of active compounds of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum against Botryosphaeria dothidea.

Author

Cheng, M., Xu, Q., Li, Y., Qin, H., Chen, J., and Belbahri, L.

Subjects
BACILLUS amyloliquefaciens, BOTRYOSPHAERIA dothidea, CANKER (Plant disease), ANTIFUNGAL agents, NATURAL resources, METHANOL
Abstract

The canker disease caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea in China has resulted in serious damage and death to Carya cathayensis and continues to expand its range. A Bacillus strain, designated Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum CGMCC 11640 , was successfully screened from 103 field isolates from local soils by a plate dual-culture method. It showed inhibition zones between B. dothidea and CGMCC 11640 in vitro. From a methyl alcohol extract of the filtrate, the antifungal compounds were identified as a series of lipopeptides by HPLC, namely fengycins, surfactins and iturins, with fengycins being the dominant component. The fengycin s were further identified by LC- MS to be a mixture of C15, C16, C17 and C18 fengycin A and their isomers (normal, iso and anteiso). The strong anti- B. dothidea activity indicated that the B. amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum CGMCC 11640 and its bioactive components might provide an alternative bioresource for the biocontrol of C. cathayensis canker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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32. Biological control of Dothistroma needle blight on pine with Aneurinibacillus migulanus.

Author

Alenezi, F. N., Fraser, S., Bełka, M., Doğmuş, T.H., Heckova, Z., Oskay, F., Belbahri, L., Woodward, S., and Müller, M. M.

Subjects
RED band needle blight, BIOLOGICAL control of fungi, ANTIBIOTICS, GERMINATION, FUNGI imperfecti, SEVERITY of illness index
Abstract

The ability of two strains of the antibiotic-producing bacillus Aneurinibacillus migulanus to control Dothistroma septosporum infection of pine was tested in artificial inoculation experiments on 2-year-old Pinus contorta plants. Disease severity (% needles with conidiomata) on control plants was 5.8 ± 1.7%, compared with 6.2 ± 2.0% on plants treated with A. migulanus NCTC 7096. In contrast, treatment with A. migulanus Nagano reduced Dothistroma needle blight ( DNB) severity to 1.1 ± 0.4%. The conidial density and percentage germination of D. septosporum on needles were also greatly reduced on seedlings treated with A. migulanus Nagano compared with the A. migulanus NCTC 7096 and control treatments. The results suggest that A. migulanus Nagano has potential as a biological control agent for use against DNB in forest nurseries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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33. Diversity and bioactivity of bacterial endophyte community of Cupressaceae.

Author

Soltani, J., Zaheri‐Shoja, M., Hamzei, J., Hosseyni‐Moghaddam, M. S., Pakvaz, S., and Belbahri, L.

Subjects
ENDOPHYTES, CUPRESSACEAE, ANTIFUNGAL agents, ANTIBACTERIAL agents, ARIZONA cypress, PLANT diseases
Abstract

The plant family Cupressaceae (Coniferales) harbours diverse endophytic fungi with antifungal, antibacterial and antiproliferative activities. Here, endophytic association of a broad bacterial community with the healthy foliar tissues of Cupressus arizonica, Cupressus sempervirens, Juniperus communis and Thuja orientalis (Cupressaceae) is shown. We isolated over 69 endophytic bacterial strains of Proteobacteria, Bacilli and Actinobacteria from Cupressaceae. The initial screening for antifungal activity against Pyricularia oryzae identified eleven superior bacterial strains which were identified as Brevundimonas diminuta CAE24 (G−, Caulobacteraceae, Alphaproteobacteria); Stenotrophomonas maltophilia CAE23, CSE4, CSE12, CSE42, CSE49 and CSE62 (G−, Xanthomonadaceae, Gammaproteobacteria); Bacillus pumilus CSE66 and Bacillus subtilis POE26 (G+, Bacillaceae, Bacilli); and Microbacterium resistens CSE19 (G+, Microbacteriaceae, Actinobacteria). The dominant isolated bacterial species was S. maltophilia. This species represented 63.6% of the superior strains which was ubiquitous and also non-host specific. In addition, the superior bacterial strains produced bioactive secondary metabolites and volatile compounds ( VOCs) with antifungal activity against the fungal pathogens of Cupressaceae, that is Diplodia seriata, Phaeobotryon cupressi and Spencermartinsia viticola. The antagonistic activity of the endophytic bacteria on the target fungi was also confirmed in vitro. To our knowledge, this is the first to document such an endophytic bacterial community in Cupressaceae and its bioactivity. These findings may find application in organic agroforestry for plant disease biocontrol and in biopharmacy for lead molecule discovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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48. A new bacterial disease observed on Quercus myrsinifolia.

Author

Ishihara, M., Takikawa, Y., Akiba, M., Kawabe, Y., and Belbahri, L.

Subjects
OAK, BACTERIAL diseases of plants, PLANT shoots, SYMPTOMS, PLANT inoculation
Abstract

This is the first report of a new bacterial disease occurring on Quercus myrsinifolia in the nurseries of the Kyushu district in Japan. The main symptoms are shoot and twig blight, which begins with black necrotic lesions. In addition, unclear blackish discolorations, bacterial ooze and water-soaked lesions were observed as early symptoms, and spindle-shaped cankers and stem cankers with irregular surface were observed as secondary symptoms. The blight symptoms observed on the current-year shoots were first observed during the rainy season and continued until autumn (June-October). In summer, the symptoms were pronounced. A yellowish bacterium was consistently isolated from the affected shoots of Q. myrsinifolia, and on inoculation into healthy trees, it caused the same symptoms, which were more severe after wound inoculation than after non-wound inoculation. Wound inoculation also caused the disease symptoms on Quercus spp., Fagus crenata and Lithocarpus glaber, but not on several other species of Fagaceae. The causal bacterium was identified as Xanthomonas arboricola based on its morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics and genetic sequence analysis of 16S rDNA, 16S-23S spacer regions and gyrB. To our knowledge, there are no previous records of xanthomonads causing shoot blight on fagaceous plants like Q. myrsinifolia. Therefore, we postulate that the shoot blight of Q. myrsinifolia is a new bacterial disease. We propose the name of the disease to be 'bacterial shoot blight' based on its main symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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49. First report of Ceratocystis platani in Albania.

Author

Tsopelas, P., Palavouzis, S., Tzima, A. K., Tsopelas, M. A., Soulioti, N., Paplomatas, E. J., and Belbahri, L.

Subjects
CERATOCYSTIS, MORTALITY, IDENTIFICATION of fungi, NUCLEOTIDE sequencing
Abstract

The fungus Ceratocystis platani was detected in various localities of the Gjirokastër prefecture in southern Albania, where it was causing widespread mortality on Platanus orientalis trees. The identification of the fungus was based on both morphological characteristics in culture and DNA sequencing. The pathogenicity of C. platani was confirmed in inoculations on seedlings of P. orientalis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. platani in Albania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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50. Influence of temperature on germination of Quercus ilex in Phytophthora cinnamomi, P. gonapodyides, P. quercina and P. psychrophila infested soils.

Author

Martín‐García, J., Solla, A., Corcobado, T., Siasou, E., Woodward, S., and Belbahri, L.

Subjects
EFFECT of temperature on plants, HOLM oak, PHYTOPHTHORA cinnamomi, GERMINATION, PLANT mortality, MYCELIUM, SEEDLINGS
Abstract

The influence of temperature on germination of Quercus ilex acorns in Phytophthora infested soils was quantified for the first time. Radicle damage and mortality of Q. ilex seeds germinating at 17, 20, 23 and 26°C in Phytophthora cinnamomi, P. gonapodyides, P. quercina and P. psychrophila infested soils were assessed and related to in vitro mycelium growth of the same isolates of the pathogens. The optimum growth temperatures of isolates of P. cinnamomi, P. gonapodyides, P. quercina and P. psychrophila were 20-23, 23-26, 20-23 and 20°C, respectively. At 17 and 20°C, all four Phytophthora species caused 100% acorn mortality, whereas at 26°C, acorn mortality was 100, 10, 25 and 0% in P. cinnamomi, P. gonapodyides, P. quercina and P. psychrophila infested soils, respectively. At 23°C, P. cinnamomi and P. gonapodyides reduced acorn radicle length more than P. quercina and P. psychrophila, whereas at 26°C, only P. cinnamomi caused further reduction in radicle length. The higher susceptibility of germinating acorns in comparison to seedlings reported in the literature indicates age-related susceptibility of Q. ilex to Phytophthora. The seedling/pathogen growth ratio was inversely related to the reduction in radicle length at different temperatures ( [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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