Search

El desarrollo de este trabajo tiene por objeto conocer, mediante la implementación de grupos interactivos, si dicho modelo permite la mejora del rendimiento académico, el desarrollo de habilidades sociales, el trabajo en equipo, actitudes de cooperación y la aceptación de la diversidad. Para ello, se utiliza un método cualitativo mediante un estudio de caso, implementado en un aula de primaria de un centro público en la ciudad de Badajoz (España). Los instrumentos para recoger la información han sido las notas medias obtenidas por el alumnado (pre y postest), la observación por parte de docentes y voluntarios, así como un cuestionario para el alumnado. Los resultados confirman que el alumnado obtiene mejores calificaciones, además muestra satisfacción por este modelo de trabajo. Se puede concluir, por tanto, que los grupos interactivos implementan la mejora de resultados académicos, pero también favorecen el logro de metas o propósitos como la mejora de la convivencia o la motivación.

La situación socio-sanitaria ocasionada por la COVID-19 ha implicado la clausura de los centros educativos forzando a la población escolar a continuar su proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de forma virtual. Esta situación ha puesto en evidencia la brecha digital existente entre los escolares, una realidad que ha aflorado en toda su magnitud para convertirse en objeto y tema de debate en el ámbito periodístico. Este trabajo tiene por objetivo describir el alcance de la brecha digital en el ámbito educativo y sus consecuencias, así como las posibles soluciones a corto y largo plazo. La metodología elegida es de carácter cualitativo apoyada en el análisis de contenido, en la que se exploran y revisan publicaciones de prensa generalista española en el primer mes de confinamiento, tanto de ámbito nacional como autonómico. Los resultados muestran que la prensa aborda el desequilibrio y desigualdad social respecto al acceso a la información y las dificultades consecuentes para acceder a la modalidad online, se observa un claro interés por la brecha digital, principalmente de acceso a internet, como una más de las dificultades en entornos socio-económicos vulnerables para acceder a la educación en igualdad de condiciones. Como conclusión cabe destacar que la pandemia, a través de la prensa generalista, ha incrementado la visibilidad de una situación ya existente: la desigualdad digital. Una desigualdad que favorece la exclusión en una sociedad que se muestra eminentemente tecnológica. The socio-sanitary situation caused by COVID-19 has implied the closure of educational centers, forcing the school population to continue their teaching-learning process virtually. This situation has highlighted the existing digital divide between schoolchildren, a reality that has emerged in all its magnitude to become an object and topic of debate in the journalistic field. This work aims to describe the scope of the digital divide in education and its consequences, as well as possible solutions in the short and long term. The chosen methodology is of a qualitative nature supported by content analysis, in which general Spanish press publications are explored and reviewed in the first month of confinement, both nationally and regionally. The results show that the press addresses the social imbalance and inequality regarding access to information and the consequent difficulties in accessing the online modality, there is a clear interest in the digital divide, mainly internet access, as one more of the Difficulties in vulnerable socio-economic environments to access education under equal conditions. In conclusion, it should be noted that the pandemic, through the generalist press, has increased the visibility of an already existing situation: digital inequality, which favors exclusion in a society that is eminently technological

Introduction Consumption of antibiotics is high in Spain, primarily in children. Excessive use of then contributes to the development of antimicrobial resistance. The aim of our study is to analyse the evolution of antibiotic consumption at the Primary Health Care in the paediatric population of Asturias, Spain, from 2014 to 2021, and to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on it.Methods Retrospective and observational study using data about antibacterial agents for systemic use dispensed for official prescriptions to children under 14 years in Primary Care. Antibiotic consumption is expressed as defined daily dose (DDD) per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID).Results The antibiotic consumption rate dropped from 13.9 DID in 2014 to 4.0 in 2021 (β = -1,42, p=0,002), with and inflection point in 2019. From 2019 to 2020 antibiotic use dropped by 47.1%. Antibiotic consumption remained very low from April 2020 to September 2021, and then moderately increased from October 2021. Prevalence of antibiotic use dropped from 39.9% in 2014 to 17.5% in 2021 (β = -3,64, p=0,006). Relative consumption of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid decreased, while those of amoxiciline and third-generation cephalosporins increased.Conclusions Paediatric antibiotic consumption collapsed in Asturias in 2020, coinciding with COVID-19 pandemic. Monitoring of antimicrobial usage indicators will allow to check if these changes are sustained over time.

People with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) diagnosis who get informal care remain at home longer, reducing the demand for healthcare resources but increasing the stress of caregiving. Research on the effectiveness of physical training, psychoeducational, cognitive–behavioural, and health education programs in reducing the caregiver load and enhancing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) exist, but none exist about an integrated interdisciplinary program. The goals of this project are (1) to assess the Integral-CARE Interdisciplinary Program (IP) applicability, safety, effects on HRQoL, and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for AD caregivers; (2) to evaluate the IP applicability and cost-effectiveness to enhance the physical, psychoemotional, cognitive–behavioural dimensions, and the health education status of informal caregivers, and (3) to study the transference of the results to the public and private sectors. A randomized controlled trial will be conducted with an experimental (IP) and a control group (no intervention). The PI will be conducted over nine months using face-to-face sessions (twice a week) and virtual sessions on an online platform (once a week). There will be an initial, interim (every three months), and final assessment. Focus groups with social and health agents will be organized to determine the most important information to convey to the public and private sectors in Extremadura (Spain). Applicability, safety, HRQoL, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, and HRQoL will be the main outcome measures, while secondary measures will include sociodemographic data; physical, psychoemotional, health education, and cognitive–behavioural domains; program adherence; and patient health status. Data will be examined per procedure and intention to treat. A cost-effectiveness study will also be performed from the viewpoints of private and public healthcare resources.

The non-Saccharomyces yeasts represent a great richness for the production of new and different types of beers. In this study, the role of eight yeast strains (Saccharomycodes ludwigii, Metchnikowia pulcherrima, Hanseniaspora uvarum, Hanseniaspora osmophila and Brettanomyces bruxellensis) isolated from Asturian cider and belonging to five unconventional species was evaluated. None of the strains could ferment the main wort sugars (maltose and maltotriose). Beers produced by S. ludwigii strains showed the highest ethanol content (21.6 g/L) and interestingly high levels of fusel alcohols, fatty esters and isoamyl acetate. Strains of B. bruxellensis were the only ones that produced ethyl phenols and they also generated the highest concentration of fatty acids and their ethyl esters. Sucrose was not utilised by Metschnikowia and Hanseniaspora strains, resulting in low ethanol formation (4.7 g/L), although these yeasts differed in terms of their synthesis of volatile compounds. Larger amounts of fatty acid esters were detected in beers fermented by H. osmophyla 10, while H. uvarum 62 produced more 2-phenylethyl acetate and ethyl acetate. M. pulcherrima 301 stands out for its low fermentative capacity and production of volatile compounds. These results show the interest of non-Saccharomyces strains in the production of beers with low alcohol content and their potential use in developing new beer styles in sequential or mixed inoculations with S. cerevisiae strains.

Background Intravenous drug administration is associated with potential complications, such as phlebitis. The physiochemical characteristics of the infusate play a very important role in some of these problems. Aim The aim of this study was to standardize the dilutions of intravenous drugs most commonly used in hospitalized adult patients and to characterize their pH, osmolarity and cytotoxic nature to better guide the selection of the most appropriate vascular access. Methods The project was conducted in three phases: (i) standardization of intravenous therapy, which was conducted using a modified double-round Delphi method; (ii) characterization of the dilutions agreed on in the previous phase by means of determining the osmolarity and pH of each of the agreed concentrations, and recording the vesicant nature based on the information in literature; and (iii) algorithm proposal for selecting the most appropriate vascular access, taking into account the information gathered in the previous phases. Results In total, 112 drugs were standardized and 307 different admixtures were assessed for pH, osmolarity and vesicant nature. Of these, 123 admixtures (40%), had osmolarity values >600 mOsm/L, pH < 4 or > 9, or were classified as vesicants. In these cases, selection of the most suitable route of infusion and vascular access device is crucial to minimize the risk of phlebitis-type complications. Conclusions Increasing safety of intravenous therapy should be a priority in the healthcare settings. Knowing the characteristics of drugs to assess the risk involved in their administration related to their physicochemical nature may be useful to guide decision making regarding the most appropriate vascular access and devices.

The development of this work aims to know, through the implementation of interactive groups, if this model allows the improvement of academic performance, the development of social skills, teamwork, cooperative attitudes and the acceptance of diversity. For this, a qualitative method is used through a case study, implemented in a primary classroom of a public center in the city of Badajoz (Spain). The instruments to collect the information have been the average marks obtained by the students (pre and post-test), the observation by teachers and volunteers, and a questionnaire for the students. The results confirm that the students obtain better grades and show satisfaction with this work model. It can be concluded. Therefore, that interactive groups implement the improvement of academic results but also favor the achievement of goals or purposes such as improved coexistence or motivation. El desarrollo de este trabajo tiene por objeto conocer, mediante la implementación de grupos interactivos, si dicho modelo permite la mejora del rendimiento académico, el desarrollo de habilidades sociales, el trabajo en equipo, actitudes de cooperación y la aceptación de la diversidad. Para ello, se utiliza un método cualitativo mediante un estudio de caso, implementado en un aula de primaria de un centro público en la ciudad de Badajoz (España). Los instrumentos para recoger la información han sido las notas medias obtenidas por el alumnado (pre y postest), la observación por parte de docentes y voluntarios, así como un cuestionario para el alumnado. Los resultados confirman que el alumnado obtiene mejores calificaciones, además muestra satisfacción por este modelo de trabajo. Se puede concluir, por tanto, que los grupos interactivos implementan la mejora de resultados académicos, pero también favorecen el logro de metas o propósitos como la mejora de la convivencia o la motivación. O desenvolvimento deste trabalho visa saber, através da implementação de grupos interativos, se este modelo permite a melhoria do desempenho acadêmico, o desenvolvimento de habilidades sociais, o trabalho em equipe, as atitudes cooperativas e a aceitação da diversidade. Para tanto, utiliza-se um método qualitativo por meio de um estudo de caso, implementado em uma sala de aula do ensino fundamental de um centro público da cidade de Badajoz (Espanha). Os instrumentos de coleta das informações foram as notas médias obtidas pelos alunos (pré e pós-teste), a observação dos professores e voluntários, bem como um questionário para os alunos. Os resultados confirmam que os alunos obtêm melhores notas, e também mostram satisfação com este modelo de trabalho. Pode-se concluir, portanto, que os grupos interativos implementam a melhoria dos resultados acadêmicos, mas também favorecem o alcance de metas ou propósitos como melhoria da convivência ou motivação.

Soft rot on potato tuber is a destructive disease caused by pathogenic bacterial species of the genera Pectobacterium and Dickeya. Accurate identification of the causal agent is necessary to ensure adequate disease management because different species may have distinct levels of aggressiveness and host range. One of the most important potato pathogens is Pectobacterium carotovorum, a highly heterogeneous species capable of infecting multiple hosts. The complexity of this species, until recently divided into several subspecies, has made it difficult to develop precise diagnostic tests. This study proposes a PCR assay based on the new pair of primers Pcar1F/R to facilitate the identification of potato isolates of P. carotovorum according to the most recent taxonomic description of this species. The new primers were designed on a variable segment of the 16S rRNA gene and the intergenic spacer region of available DNA sequences from classical and recently established species in the genus Pectobacterium. The results of the PCR analysis of genomic DNA from 32 Pectobacterium and Dickeya strains confirmed that the Pcar1F/R primers have sufficient nucleotide differences to discriminate between P. carotovorum and other Pectobacterium species associated with damage to potato crops, with the exception of Pectobacterium versatile, which improves the specificity of the currently available primers. The proposed assay was originally developed as a conventional PCR but was later adapted to the real-time PCR format for application in combination with the existing real-time PCR test for the potato-specific pathogen Pectobacterium parmentieri. This should be useful for the routine diagnosis of potato soft rot., Escalera de Excelencia” Programme Grant/Award Number: CLU-2017-03 P.O. FEDER of Castilla y León Grant/Award Number: 14-20

Entry into quiescence in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is induced by nitrogen starvation. In the absence of nitrogen, proliferating fission yeast cells divide twice without cell growth and undergo cell cycle arrest in G1 before becoming G0 quiescent cells. Under these conditions, autophagy is induced to produce enough nitrogen for the two successive cell divisions that take place before the G1 arrest. In parallel to the induction of autophagy, the Greatwall–Endosulfine switch is activated upon nitrogen starvation to down-regulate protein phosphatase PP2A/B55 activity, which is essential for cell cycle arrest in G1 and implementation of the quiescent program. Here we show that, although inactivation of PP2A/B55 by the Greatwall–Endosulfine switch is not required to promote autophagy initiation, it increases autophagic flux at least in part by upregulating the expression of a number of autophagy-related genes.

Soft rot on potato tuber is a destructive disease caused by pathogenic bacterial species of the genera

Objetivo Estudiar la evolución del consumo de antibióticos en población adulta en el ámbito de Atención Primaria (AP) del Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA) durante 2014-2020. Diseño Estudio observacional retrospectivo. Emplazamiento AP del SESPA. Participantes Población de la base de datos de Tarjeta Sanitaria Individual. Intervenciones Se recogieron datos de prescripción de antibióticos, realizada en las consultas de medicina de familia, dispensados en las oficinas de farmacia con cargo al SESPA. Se analizaron variables de uso y consumo de antibióticos mediante modelos de regresión lineal. Mediciones principales Prevalencia de uso de antibióticos (porcentaje población); tasa de consumo de antibióticos de uso sistémico (DTD), consumo relativo de antibióticos de espectro reducido (porcentaje DDD). Resultados La prevalencia media del uso de antibióticos del periodo 2014-2019 fue de 32,2% y 23,9% en 2020. La tasa de consumo de antibióticos de uso sistémico pasó de 21,4 DTD en 2014 a 12,7 DTD en 2020. El consumo de antibióticos de espectro reducido se mantuvo estable (19,4% DDD en 2014 y 19,3% DDD en 2020) (IC95: -0,10, 0,26). En el periodo de marzo a diciembre de 2020, el consumo de antibióticos se redujo un 28,6% respecto al mismo periodo de 2019. Conclusiones En 2014-2020 el consumo de antibióticos disminuyó, especialmente a partir de la pandemia por COVID-19, con estabilización del consumo de antibióticos de espectro reducido respecto al total. Existe variabilidad en el consumo por subgrupos terapéuticos.

Resumen basado en el de la publicación Resumen en inglés Monográfico con el título: Aprendizaje-servicio (ApS): aprender desde la responsabilidad social Se presenta el resultado de la investigación realizada como Trabajo Fin de Máster, cuyo objetivo fue describir la experiencia vivida por un grupo de docentes que han aplicado el aprendizaje-servicio (ApS) como metodología de enseñanza en la Formación Profesional en la especialidad de Servicios Socioculturales y a la Comunidad. Para alcanzar dicho propósito se utilizó una metodología cualitativa, siendo la entrevista el instrumento elegido en la obtención de la información. Los resultados indican que la mayoría ha aplicado la metodología, aunque no reconocía su nombre, consideran que permite una aproximación del aprendizaje con realidades profesionales y que, aunque su puesta en marcha no es sencilla, el alumnado se implica y mejora los resultados de aprendizaje. Estas razones nos llevan a concluir que la aplicación del ApS en las aulas conlleva satisfacción por parte del profesorado y motiva y mejora los resultados de aprendizaje del alumnado ESP

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivation in Asturias (Northwestern Spain) was on the brink of extinction in the last century. Nevertheless, the present century is witnessing its rebound as a consequence of the recognition of the Cangas Wine Designation of Origin. The long period of abandonment has resulted in a lack of information about the most suitable rootstocks for the attainment of optimal quality. In this study, the agronomical and oenological parameters of the ‘Verdejo Negro’ cultivar grafted on three rootstocks (‘196-17 C’, ‘101-14 MG’ and ‘3309 C’) were studied. Three repetitions of ten vines for each rootstock were disposed in a completely randomized design. Agronomical (phenology, yield, pruning weight and Ravaz index) and enological (berry, must and wine composition) parameters were measured, and the elaborated wines were sensorially evaluated. Concerning phenology, the ‘101-14 MG’ rootstock advanced the veraison in the last two years of the study. The year significantly influenced many of the agronomical and enological parameters, whereas the rootstock only affected the Weaver index, which was higher for the ‘101-14 MG’ rootstock, indicating a more advanced maturation with this rootstock, and at the wine volatile acidity, higher for ‘3309 C’ wines. When the wines of ‘Verdejo Negro’ grafted on the three studied rootstocks were sensorially evaluated, few differences were found. Wines from ‘101-14 MG’ scored slightly better for nose parameters, although the overall judgment was very similar for all the wines. Considering the small effect of the rootstocks on the wines of ‘Verdejo Negro’, there is no clear recommendation at present. But it is important to take into account the effects of climate change, since the advance of maturation induced by the ‘101-14 MG’ rootstock may hinder the production of balanced wines of the ‘Verdejo Negro’ cultivar in the future. The predicted earlier ripening may lead to grapes with excessive sugar level, low acidity and a decoupling of phenolic and technological maturity.

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b04266, The implementation of sustainable strategies based on the integral valorization of residues is the most efficient way to achieve a profitable circular economy. This comprehensive study highlights the potential of apple waste from juice and cider production as a precursor of porous carbons and provides guidelines to achieve a wide spectrum of physicochemical properties. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of apple bagasse is proposed as a feasible integrated process with zero waste that allows stabilizing this highly pollutant residue in the form of a carbon-enriched solid while extracting valuable compounds in the aqueous phase. The liquid fraction resulting from HTC at 200 °C contains a high total phenolic content and antioxidant activity, the major products being catechol (1,2-dihydroxybenzene) and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (HMF). The successful upgrading of the solid byproduct into porous carbons provides additional advantage for a more cost-effective waste management. It is reported that a simple one-step activation leads to apple-derived carbons with specific surface areas up to 2000 m2 g–1 and electrochemical capacitances as high as 260–290 F g–1. Their excellent performance as supercapacitor electrodes make them very promising for the storage of electrical energy from renewable sources., The funding from INTERREG V- SUDOE 2017 through project CEMOWAS2 (SOE2/P5/F0505) and from Plan de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (PCTI) 2018-2020 del Principado de Asturias and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through project IDI/2018/000233 is acknowledged. The SERIDA financial support for this work was managed by the National Institute of Research Agro-Food Technology (INIA) and co-financed with ERDF and ESF funds (RTA 2015-00060-CO4-03).

Compost teas (CTs) are organic solutions that constitute an interesting option for sustainable agriculture. Those that come from garden waste have been applied in vitro and in vivo on pepper plants to determine its suppressive effect against both Phytophthora capsici and Rhizoctonia solani. The studied CT showed relevant content in NO3−, K2O, humic acids, and microorganisms such as aerobic bacteria, N-fixing bacteria, and actinobacteria, which play a role in plant growth and resistance. This rich abundance of microbiota in the CT induced a reduction in the relative growth rate of both P. capsici and R. solani (31.7% and 38.0%, respectively) in in vitro assays compared to control. In addition, CT-irrigated plants displayed increased growth parameters and showed the first open flower one week before those treatments without CTs, which suggests that its application advanced the crop cycle. Concerning pathogen infection, damage caused by both pathogens became more apparent with a one-week inoculation compared to a four-week inoculation, which may indicate that a microbiological and chemical balance had been reached to cope with biotic stresses. Based on these results, we conclude that CT application induces plant growth and defense in pepper plants against P. capsici and R. solani because of its relevant soluble nutrient content and microbiota richness, which provides a novel point for plant nutrition and protection in horticultural crops.

The mobile phone has become the preferred means of communication, especially among young people, and there are many teachers who are committed to introducing it as a resource in their classrooms. Therefore, the objective of this work was to describe the educational uses of WhatsApp. The methodology was a systematic review of published work on the subject, based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and similar phases in the process. The sample was made up of 192 papers, which shows the large amount of research that has gone into the subject. WhatsApp’s educational use comes from the creation of groups—students alone or including the teacher. It is applied in both formal and informal education in all educational stages and in numerous subjects. It is also related to improvements in active learning, decision-making, and motivation, in addition to skills related to efficiency, planning, and time organization. Although the application was not designed for the educational environment, its advantages have shown it to be an adequate educational and support resource in teaching and learning at all educational stages.

El presente artículo describe un proyecto de investigación e innovación docente que tiene como objetivo valorar el efecto del uso de la aplicación WhatsApp para el seguimiento y tutoría académica de los estudiantes universitarios de la Facultad de Educación de Murcia y de Extremadura. Los datos fueron recogidos a través de dos cuestionarios cumplimentados por los estudiantes antes y después del desarrollo de las asignaturas y aplicación del proyecto, un grupo de discusión con los docentes y el análisis del contenido de los mensajes enviados a través de la aplicación. Se analizaron los resultados obtenidos teniendo en cuenta la utilización y el uso de la aplicación, la satisfacción de los participantes y las ventajas e inconvenientes descritos. Los resultados muestran que se realiza un uso adecuado de la aplicación, se utiliza más que la tutoría convencional, se potencian sus ventajas y se debilitan sus inconvenientes y tanto las docentes como los estudiantes muestran altos niveles de satisfacción. Por tanto, podemos concluir que estamos ante una herramienta con un alto potencial para el apoyo a la tutoría académica. This paper describes a teaching research and innovation project whose aim is to assess the effect of using the WhatsApp application for monitoring and academic tutoring of university students of the Faculty of Education of Murcia and Extremadura. The data were collected through two questionnaires filled out by the students before and after the development of the subjects and application of the project, a discussion group with the teachers and the analysis of the content of the messages sent through the application. The results obtained were analyzed taking into account the use and use of the application, the satisfaction of the participants and the advantages and disadvantages described. The results show that proper use of the application is made, more than conventional tutoring, its advantages are enhanced and its disadvantages are weakened and both teachers and students show high levels of satisfaction. Therefore, we can conclude that we are facing a tool with a high potential for supporting academic tutoring.

Background: Linear atrophoderma of Moulin (LAM) is a dermatosis that affects children and adolescents characterized by hyperpigmented and atrophic linear lesions following Blaschko lines. So far, less than 50 cases have been published. Therefore, it is a rare entity with unknown etiology and a chronic and self-limited course. Histologically, it is described as hyperpigmentation of the basal layer without the involvement of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. No specific treatment exists currently. Localized scleroderma is a chronic and progressive autoimmune connective tissue disorder that affects the skin and adjacent tissues, characterized by abnormal collagen deposition and alteration in elastic fibers, blood vessels, and annexes. No reports have been published on the coexistence of localized scleroderma and LAM. Case report: We describe the case of an 11-year-old male with a clinical diagnosis of linear scleroderma since 5 years of age. Four years later, the patient developed atrophic and hyperpigmented lesions following Blaschko lines in the posterior trunk. A biopsy of both dermatoses was performed: the trunk showed epidermis with hyperpigmentation of the basal layer, and within the dermis, no alteration in the collagen bundles; the forearm biopsy corroborated scleroderma. Based on the clinical-pathological correlation, LAM coinciding with localized linear scleroderma was diagnosed. Conclusions: LAM is an infrequent entity by itself. Moreover, its coexistence with sclerodermiform syndrome has not been reported in the indexed literature.