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1. Effects of different loads of Pinus pinaster Ait. litter and ash on the germination and growth of Cistus ladanifer L

Author

Paula Piñas-Bonilla, Gonzalo Zavala, Beatriz Pérez, and Belén Luna

Subjects
Biomass, Cistaceae, Fire, Maritime pine, Seed dormancy, Prescribed fires, Forestry, SD1-669.5
Abstract

Abstract Key message Cistus ladanifer L. shows an extraordinary plasticity of germination and growth. Fire promotes the regeneration of C. ladanifer by triggering its germination through thermal shock as well as by enhancing its seedling growth through the addition of ashes. On the contrary, stacking of Pinus pinaster Ait. leaf litter may hinder seedling establishment, at least in the first months after germination. Context Pinus pinaster Ait. is affected by forest fires in the Mediterranean basin. Its extreme flammability is due to the high spatial continuity together with the massive accumulation of leaf litter. Cistus ladanifer L. is a species which is widely distributed in the west Mediterranean region where it can form vast shrublands and flourish under these pinewoods. Although high temperatures associated with the occurrence of fire trigger germination of C. ladanifer, knowledge on how other factors, such as the presence of litter on the forest floor or the ash left after the fire, influence germination and seedling growth is essential to improve land management plans. Aims The main objective of this study was to determine the effects of different loads of litter from P. pinaster and ash from their combustion on the germination and growth of seedlings of C. ladanifer. Methods Two experiments were carried out to assess the effect of heat shock (100 °C for 10 min) and two loads of litter and ash from P. pinaster (control, high and low loads of litter, high and low loads of ash) on the germination and growth after 2 and 4 months of C. ladanifer. Results Heat shock significantly increased the germination of C. ladanifer. In contrast, the addition of litter and ash had no effect on total germination but affected the growth of the seedlings coming from seeds exposed to heat shock. Litter treatments reduced biomass of 2 months seedlings and ash increased biomass of 4 months seedlings. Conclusion C. ladanifer is a species favoured by fire in different ways depending on the stage of regeneration. Germination is promoted by heat shock while seedling growth is favoured by ash nutrients. In contrast, pine leaf litter hinders seedling growth, although this effect disappears 4 months after germination. Alternative forest management practices to prescribed fires are recommended if preventing the spread of Cistus is a priority.

Published
2024
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2. The Effect of Heat Shock on Seed Dormancy Release and Germination in Two Rare and Endangered Astragalus L. Species (Fabaceae)

Author

Alba Cuena Lombraña, Ludovica Dessì, Lina Podda, Mauro Fois, Belén Luna, Marco Porceddu, and Gianluigi Bacchetta

Subjects
Astragalus maritimus, Astragalus verrucosus, fire, mediterranean vascular flora, physical dormancy, water imbibition, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

Many Astragalus species exhibit seeds with physical dormancy (PY), but little is known about the ecological context of this dormancy. We focused on A. maritimus and A. verrucosus, two threatened Sardinian endemic species inside the subgenus Trimeniaeus Bunge. Fresh seeds collected from the only two respective known populations were used to investigate the effect of mechanical scarification, heat shock, and water imbibition processes on PY release and germination. PY can be overcome through mechanical scarification of the water-impermeable seed coats, while no dormancy break was detected, nor a subsequent increase in seed germination due to fire-induced heat. This suggests that fire does not trigger dormancy release and seed germination in these species. The seeds tolerate relatively high heat shock temperatures (up to 120 and 100 °C for A. verrucosus and A. maritimus, respectively), but after 120 °C for 10 min, the number of dead seeds increases in both species. These facts suggest the capacity to develop a soil seed bank that can persist after fires and delay germination until the occurrence of optimal conditions. As regards water imbibition, both Astragalus species did not show the typical triphasic pattern, as germination started without further water uptake. This study emphasizes the significance of understanding germination processes and dormancy in threatened species. In fire-prone ecosystems, PY dormancy plays a crucial role in soil seed bank persistence, and it may be selectively influenced by post-fire conditions. Understanding such adaptations provides useful insights into conservation strategies.

Published
2024
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7. Pattern Recognition of Pupillary Reflex Dynamics to Isoluminescent RGB Chromatic Stimuli

Author

Belen-Luna, J. C., González-Morán, C. O., Lima-Gómez, V., Suaste-Gómez, E., Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, van Leeuwen, Jan, Series Editor, Hutchison, David, Editorial Board Member, Kanade, Takeo, Editorial Board Member, Kittler, Josef, Editorial Board Member, Kleinberg, Jon M., Editorial Board Member, Kobsa, Alfred, Series Editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Editorial Board Member, Mitchell, John C., Editorial Board Member, Naor, Moni, Editorial Board Member, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series Editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Editorial Board Member, Sudan, Madhu, Series Editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Editorial Board Member, Tygar, Doug, Editorial Board Member, Weikum, Gerhard, Series Editor, Vardi, Moshe Y, Series Editor, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Mezura-Montes, Efrén, editor, Acosta-Mesa, Héctor Gabriel, editor, Carrasco-Ochoa, Jesús Ariel, editor, Martínez-Trinidad, José Francisco, editor, and Olvera-López, José Arturo, editor

Published
2024
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9. Effects of light and temperature on seed germination of eight Cistus species

Author

Beatriz Pérez Ramos, Paula Piñas-Bonilla, Gonzalo Zavala Espiñeira, and María Belén Luna Trenado

Subjects
Plant Science
Abstract

Cistus species have seeds with hard coats which impose physical seed dormancy that can be released after seed scarification. In fire-prone habitats, the break of physical seed dormancy is usually related to the heat produced during fires. It is commonly accepted that most hard-seeded species, including those of the genus Cistus, are able to germinate under a wide range of temperatures in light as well as in darkness, once the seed becomes permeable. However, although many studies have focused on the release of physical dormancy only, a few have done so on the effect of environmental factors once dormancy is released. In this research, through a factorial experiment, we analysed the effects of light (light and darkness) and a range of temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30°C) on the seed germination of eight Cistus species after a heat shock. On average, almost 60% of the seeds did not germinate despite being viable, and this lack of germination increased with higher temperatures during the treatment. Although an idiosyncratic germination response emerged, temperature had a significant effect in all the species, reaching the highest levels of germination between 10 and 20°C. Light interacted with temperature in four cases by increasing the germination, especially under the least favourable temperatures. Environmental factors, such as temperature and light, appear to modulate the germination of the studied Cistus species after the release of physical seed dormancy.

Published
2022

10. Macroevolution and climate changes: a global multi-family test supports the resource-use hypothesis in terrestrial mammals

Author

Manuel Hernández Fernández, Jonathan S. Pelegrin, Ana R. Gómez Cano, Blanca A. García Yelo, Ana Moreno-Bofarull, Noelia Sánchez-Fontela, Claudia Rodríguez-Ruiz, Alejandro Ramiro Camacho, Laura Domingo, Iris Menéndez, David M. Martín-Perea, Carla M. Bazán, Gema M. Alcalde, M. Soledad Domingo, Belén Luna, María del Mar Peinado Cortés, Antón Arias, Gabriela González Couturier, Ana Márquez Villena, Noelia Anaya, Fernando Blanco, Emilia Galli, Sara Gamboa, Álvaro Quesada, Dánae Sanz-Pérez, Sara Varela, Juan L. Cantalapiedra, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), German Research Foundation, European Commission, Comunidad de Madrid, and Universidad de Alcalá

Subjects
Speciation, Biome, Mammalia, Macroevolution, Extinction, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Macroecology, Paleontología
Abstract

Elisabeth S. Vrba’s resource-use hypothesis suggests that speciation in biomes subjected to successive expansion-contraction-fragmentation during periods of climatic change generates high frequency of species restricted to a single biome (stenobiomic species). We compiled biome occupation for all terrestrial mammals and, using Monte Carlo simulations, demonstrated that patterns of biome occupation are congruent with those predicted by the resource-use hypothesis. Biome specialists are much more speciose than expected by chance, while there are fewer moderate biome generalists than expected. Despite their scarcity, extreme eurybiomic lineages show significant overrepresentation, which suggests they are seldom affected by climate-related extinction processes. Additionally, stenobiomic species are concentrated in biomes placed at the extremes of the climatic gradient, such as equatorial rainforest, subtropical desert, steppe, and tundra. Although this pattern is fairly maintained across different mammalian families, highlighting its universality, our analysis also found great variability. Exceptions to the predictions of the resource-use hypothesis seem to be associated to biome climatic or geographical heterogeneity, which favours vicariance in some biomes not placed in extremes of the climatic gradient (tropical deciduous woodland, sclerophyllous woodland-shrubland), as well as life-history differences across taxa, which generates a stronger trend to specialisation in small body size lineages than in larger mammals., This is a contribution by the Palaeoclimatology, Macroecology and Macroevolution of Vertebrates research team of the Complutense University of Madrid as a part of the Research Group UCM 910607 on Evolution of Vertebrates and Continental Palaeoenvironments. This work was partially supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación under projects PGC2018-094955-A-I00, PID2020-116220GB-I00. FB was funded by the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft LO 2368/1-1). SG and SV were MAPAS funded by the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (H2020 European Research Council 947921). JLC was funded by the Talent Attraction Program of the Madrid Government and the University of Alcalá (Comunidad de Madrid 2017-T1/AMB5298).

Published
2022

11. Fire and summer temperatures work together breaking physical seed dormancy

Author

María Belén Luna Trenado

Subjects
Ecology, lcsh:R, lcsh:Medicine, lcsh:Q, Plant ecology, lcsh:Science, Article
Abstract

Fire and high summer soil temperatures can break physical seed dormancy in Mediterranean fire-prone ecosystems. Their independent effect is somewhat recognized but both factors may act together with a synergistic effect yet unknown. This study aims to determine the isolated and combined effects of fire and summer temperatures on the release of physical seed dormancy in Cistaceae species. Fire and summer temperature treatments were applied in a factorial experiment to seeds of 12 species of Cistaceae. Seeds previously exposed or not to a heat shock (fire simulation) were kept for 1 or 2 months at constant or alternating temperatures (summer temperatures simulation). Additionally, I compared the effect of exposing the seeds to a heat shock before or after they had been subjected to the summer temperatures. Heat shock increased germination of all species, but summer temperatures produced different results. When seeds were exposed to summer temperatures after heat shock, germination decreased. This negative effect disappeared when heat shock was simulated at the end of the summer temperatures. Fire and summer temperatures modulate timing of germination in Cistaceae with a joint control on post-fire regeneration. Cycling of sensitivity to physical dormancy release may be the mechanism to explain this fine-tuning, which would ensure germination when environmental conditions are suitable for growth. These results contribute to our understanding of vegetation dynamics and postfire regeneration in Mediterranean ecosystems.

Published
2020

12. Effect of heat on seed germination and viability in species of Cistaceae

Author

Daniel Chamorro, Beatriz Pérez, and Belén Luna

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Ecology, biology, Tuberaria, Plant Science, Cistaceae, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Helianthemum, Horticulture, Germination, Cistus, Fumana, Halimium, Scarification, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Background: Species of the Cistaceae family have hard-coated seeds and consequently require scarification for germination. It is widely assumed that the high temperature caused by fire is a scarify...

Published
2019

13. Capítulo III. Salud mental en trabajadores y trabajadoras de la salud de la ciudad de Córdoba durante la pandemia de COVID-19

Author

Rivarola Montejano, Gabriela, Michelini, Yanina Noelia, Leonangeli, Sebastián, and Dómina, María Belén Luna

Subjects
Pandemia, Impacto de evento estresante, Discriminación, Variables sociodemográficas, Argentina, Covid 19, Consumo de sustancias, Sexo, Salud mental, Insomnio, Centros de salud, Ansiedad, Trabajadoras, Depresión, Acceso a ayuda psicológica, Trabajadores, Edad, Desempeño en tareas de contingencia, Personal, Estrés, Provincia de Córdoba
Abstract

"...Las características únicas de la pandemia por COVID-19 han generado un gran caudal de investigaciones desarrolladas a lo largo del planeta, sin embargo, son incipientes los trabajos a nivel local que examinan su impacto en la vida de las personas en general, y menos aún, en la del personal que trabaja en centros de salud que brindan atención a personas con COVID-19 o sospechadas de tal enfermedad. En este contexto, es imperioso avanzar hacia estudios que indaguen los factores que influyen en la salud mental de los/as trabajadores/as de la salud durante la pandemia. Así entonces, este trabajo se propuso examinar problemas de salud mental (i.e., insomnio, depresión, ansiedad, estrés e impacto de evento estresante) y consumo de sustancias en trabajadores/as de la salud, pertenecientes a instituciones públicas y/o privadas de la provincia de Córdoba (Argentina), receptoras de casos sospechosos o confirmados de COVID-19. Asimismo, indagamos si variables sociodemográficas como el sexo y la edad así como variables relacionadas con el desempeño en tareas de contingencia por COVID-19 (i.e., exposición a casos COVID-19, discriminación, acceso a ayuda psicológica) se asociaron con los problemas de salud mental y el consumo de sustancias..." Fil: Rivarola Montejano, Gabriela. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Fil: Rivarola Montejano, Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas; Argentina. Fil: Michelini, Yanina Noelia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Fil: Michelini, Yanina Noelia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas; Argentina. Fil: Leonangeli, Sebastián. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Hospital Nacional de Clínicas; Argentina. Fil: Dómina, María Belén Luna. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Hospital Nacional de Clínicas; Argentina.

Published
2021

14. Salud Mental, Pandemia y Políticas Públicas. Sobre la propuesta de este libro colectivo

Author

Godoy, Juan Carlos (Comp.), Paz García, A. Pamela (Comp.), López Steinmetz, Lorena Cecilia, Abigail Leyes, Candela, Dutto Florio, María Agustina, Belaus, Anabel, Ortiz, Maria Victoria, Mola, Débora Jeanette, Correa, Pablo Sebastián, Godoy, Juliana Anabel, Bengolea, Milagros Ayelén, Caicedo Cavagnis, Estefanía Elena, Reyna, Cecilia, Rivarola Montejano, Gabriela, Michelini, Yanina, Leonangeli, Sebastián, Dómina, María Belén Luna, Dreizik, Matias A., Imhoff, Débora, Alonso, Daniela, Paulín, Horacio Luis, García Bastán, Guido, D’Aloisio, Florencia, Caparelli, María Florencia, Pinto, María Eugenia, Arias, Lucía Angélica, Arce Castello, Valentina, Carreras, Rafael, Lemme, Daniel, Ferreyra, María Florencia, Pilatti, Angelina, Pautassi, Ricardo Marcos, Bañuelos, M. Roberta, Molfino, Julia, Olaz, Fabián O., Tsai, Mavis, Bonvillani, Andrea, Roldán, Macarena, Gómez, Mariana, Brandi, María Agustina, Coll, Guido, González, David Albano, Goycolea, Gabriel, Marchese, María Pía, Ramé, Ivanna, Duarte, Juan Pablo, Rabbia, Hugo H., Brussino, Silvina, Sorribas, Patricia Mariel, Gutiérrez, Mariana, Garay, Reyna Zenaida, and Maldonado, Ivana

Subjects
Aislamiento social, Psicoterapia Analítico Funcional, Impacto individual, Modelo de Conciencia, Coraje y Amor, Incertidumbre, Teorías conspirativas, Vínculos cotidianos, Tránsito social, ASPO, Riesgo, Impacto colectivo, Salud mental, Políticas Públicas, Ansiedad, Traumas, Aislamiento Social Preventivo y Obligatorio, Pandemia, Virtualización, SARS-CoV-2, Decisiones gubernamentales, COVID-19, Comunicaciones interpersonales, Crisis sanitaria, Coronavirus, Vida cotidiana, Impacto, Poblaciones afectadas, Terapéuticas desde la intervención, Distanciamiento, Malestar psicológico, Relaciones sociales, Indicadores claves
Abstract

El caso del COVID-19 evidencia que incluso los países con más experiencia con epidemias fallan al considerar los aportes de las ciencias sociales y del comportamiento. En este sentido, se impone la necesidad de pensar la pandemia como un rompecabezas, cuya resolución requiere de piezas aportadas por la medicina, la antropología, la sociología, la economía, la psicología, entre otras ciencias. Desde el lavado de las manos, el uso de mascarillas (o tapabocas) y el mantenimiento de la distancia social, hasta el modo en que se comunican las noticias o se generan acuerdos entre los diferentes actores de una sociedad, pasando por los ajustes que imponen nuevas rutinas al teletrabajo o las tareas de cuidado, en el centro de todas estas estrategias visualizamos un aspecto que, a menudo, ni los gobiernos ni las personas tienen en cuenta en tiempos normales: la salud mental. Adoptando así diversas y dinámicas coordenadas, las investigaciones presentadas en este libro convergen en una pregunta fundamental: ¿cómo se sostienen vínculos y espacios de contención y seguridad en condiciones es-forzadas de aislamiento y distancia social? Si el/la “otro/a” son fuente de riesgo, pero también reflejo de una situación de salud pública que nos iguala en el malestar y nos distancia en la existencia de diferenciales recursos, horizontes y repertorios de acción, contar con información precisa sobre la nueva normalidad -o anormalidad de fecha incierta de caducidad- resulta clave. Los cambios en estilos de vida y modos de vincularse representan hoy un sustancial desafío psico-sanitario, donde lejos de la idealidad de la representación mediática de que las personas se irán acostumbrando, esperamos esta obra promueva el interés por la salud mental, no sólo en el público general, sino también en quienes tienen la oportunidad y la capacidad de tomar decisiones sobre políticas públicas. De otro modo, no se logrará avanzar hacia la implementación de políticas públicas basadas en la evidencia y co-construidas con todas las redes de involucrados/as en cada dimensión de un tema que, por su gravedad, no admite más improvisaciones ni demoras. La Oficina de Conocimiento Abierto ha registrado en este Repositorio el aporte de cada autor / autora disponiendo los metadatos que identifican a cada trabajo y el acceso a los textos completos de cada uno de ellos. ÍNDICE. “Sobre la propuesta de este libro colectivo”, Juan Carlos Godoy y A. Pamela Paz García. CAPÍTULO 1: “Del tiempo en el que se distancia a las personas y de sus impactos en la salud mental”, Lorena Cecilia López Steinmetz, Candela Abigail Leyes, María Agustina Dutto Florio y Juan Carlos Godoy. CAPÍTULO 2: “Aislamiento por COVID-19 en Argentina: impacto, estrategias y bienestar social”, Anabel Belaus, María Victoria Ortiz, Débora Jeanette Mola, Pablo Sebastián Correa, Juliana Anabel Godoy, Milagros Ayelén Bengolea, Estefanía Elena Caicedo Cavagnis y Cecilia Reyna - KuskaRuway - Investigación en Psicología y Economía Comportamental. CAPÍTULO 3: “Salud mental en trabajadores y trabajadoras de la salud de la ciudad de Córdoba durante la pandemia de COVID-19”, Gabriela Rivarola Montejano, Yanina Michelini, Sebastián Leonangeli y María Belén Luna Dómina. CAPÍTULO 4:” Trabajo sexual en tiempos de COVID-19. Debates y políticas públicas”, Matias A. Dreizik, Débora Imhoff, Daniela Alonso y A. Pamela Paz García. CAPÍTULO 5: “Derechos juveniles en cuarentena: significaciones, malestares subjetivos y estrategias de referentes adultos en barrios populares de Córdoba”, Horacio Luis Paulín, Guido García Bastán, Florencia D’Aloisio, María Florencia Caparelli, María Eugenia Pinto, Lucía Angélica Arias, Valentina Arce Castello, Rafael Carreras, Daniel Lemme y María Florencia Ferreyra. CAPÍTULO 6: “Alteraciones en la distribución del consumo de alcohol y la frecuencia de uso de marihuana durante el aislamiento preventivo por Covid-19 en Argentina”, Yanina Michelini, Angelina Pilatti y Ricardo Marcos Pautassi. CAPÍTULO 7: “Ayudando a las parejas a conectarse durante la crisis de COVID-19: una intervención basada en el modelo ACL (Consciencia, Valor y Amor) de FAP (Psicoterapia Analítico Funcional). Un estudio de Réplica”, M. Roberta Bañuelos, Julia Molfino, Fabián O. Olaz y Mavis Tsai. CAPÍTULO 8: “De lo presencial a lo virtual. Impacto en el desarrollo de grupalidad de la virtualización del cursado en el ámbito universitario a consecuencia de la pandemia Covid-19”, Andrea Bonvillani y Macarena Roldán. CAPÍTULO 9: “Pandemia y subjetividad. Lecturas psicoanalíticas”, Mariana Gómez, María Agustina Brandi, Guido Coll, David Albano González, Gabriel Goycolea, Maria Pia Marchese, Ivanna Ramé y Juan Pablo Duarte. CAPÍTULO 10: “La pandemia manufacturada: ¿quiénes creen en teorías conspirativas sobre Covid-19 en Argentina?”, Hugo H. Rabbia y Silvina Brussino. CAPÍTULO 11: “Entorno político institucional en Córdoba y contexto COVID19: (im)permeabilidad a los procesos de incidencia política ciudadana”, Patricia Mariel Sorribas, Mariana Gutiérrez, Zenaida Garay Reyna e Ivana Maldonado. “A modo de no cierre, ante el desafío de avanzar en ciencia y políticas públicas postpandemia”, A. Pamela Paz García y Juan Carlos Godoy. Fil: Godoy, Juan Carlos. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Fil: Godoy, Juan Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fil: Paz García, A. Pamela. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Fil: Paz García, A. Pamela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas; Argentina. Fil: López Steinmetz, Lorena Cecilia. Universidad Siglo 21; Argentina. Fil: Abigail Leyes, Candela. Universidad Siglo 21; Argentina. Fil: Dutto Florio, María Agustina. Universidad Siglo 21; Argentina. Fil: Belaus, Anabel. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Fil: Belaus, Anabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fil: Ortiz, María Victoria. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Fil: Ortiz, María Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fil: Mola, Débora Jeanette. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Fil: Mola, Débora Jeanette. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas; Argentina. Fil: Correa, Pablo Sebastián. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Fil: Godoy, Juliana Anabel. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Fil: Bengolea, Milagros Ayelén. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Fil: Caicedo Cavagnis, Estefanía Elena. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Fil: Reyna, Cecilia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Fil: Reyna, Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas; Argentina. Fil: Rivarola Montejano, Gabriela. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Fil: Rivarola Montejano, Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas; Argentina. Fil: Leonangeli, Sebastián. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Hospital Nacional de Clínicas; Argentina. Fil: Dómina, María Belén Luna. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Hospital Nacional de Clínicas; Argentina. Fil: Dreizik, Matias A. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Fil: Dreizik, Matias A. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas; Argentina. Fil: Imhoff, Débora. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Fil: Imhoff, Débora. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas; Argentina. Fil: Alonso, Daniela. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Fil: Alonso, Daniela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas; Argentina. Fil: Paulín, Horacio Luis. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Fil: Paulín, Horacio Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas; Argentina. Fil: Paulín, Horacio Luis. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales; Argentina. Fil: García Bastán, Guido. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Fil: García Bastán, Guido. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas; Argentina. Fil: D’Aloisio, Florencia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Argentina. Fil: Caparelli, María Florencia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Fil: Pinto, María Eugenia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Fil: Pinto, María Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas; Argentina. Fil: Arias, Lucía Angélica. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Fil: Arce Castello, Valentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Fil: Carreras, Rafael. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Fil: Lemme, Daniel. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Fil: Lemme, Daniel. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Escuela de Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina. Fil: Ferreyra, María Florencia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Fil: Ferreyra, María Florencia. Ministerio de Educación de la Provincia de Córdoba; Argentina. Fil: Michelini, Yanina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Fil: Michelini, Yanina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas; Argentina. Fil: Pilatti, Angelina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Fil: Pilatti, Angelina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fil: Pautassi, Ricardo Marcos. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Fil: Pautassi, Ricardo Marcos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fil: Bañuelos, M. Roberta. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Fil: Molfino, Julia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Fil: Olaz, Fabián O. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Fil: Tsai, Mavis. Universidad de Washington. Department of Psychology; United States. Fil: Bonvillani, Andrea. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Fil: Roldán, Macarena. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Fil: Roldán, Macarena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fil: Gómez, Mariana. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Fil: Brandi, María Agustina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Fil: Coll, Guido. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Fil: Coll, Guido. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas; Argentina. Fil: González, David Albano. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Fil: Goycolea, Gabriel. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Fil: Marchese, María Pía. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Fil: Ramé, Ivanna. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Fil: Ramé, Ivanna. Ministerio de Salud de Córdoba. Hospital Neuropsiquiátrico Provincial; Argentina. Fil: Duarte, Juan Pablo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina. Fil: Rabbia, Hugo H. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Fil: Rabbia, Hugo H. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas; Argentina. Fil: Brussino, Silvina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Fil: Brussino, Silvina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas; Argentina. Fil: Sorribas, Patricia Mariel. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Fil: Sorribas, Patricia Mariel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas; Argentina. Fil: Gutiérrez, Mariana. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Centro de Estudios avanzados; Argentina. Fil: Gutiérrez, Mariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fil: Garay, Reyna Zenaida. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias de la Comunicación. Centro de Estudios avanzados; Argentina. Fil: Maldonado, Ivana. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Fil: Maldonado, Ivana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas; Argentina.

Published
2021

15. RETREACTED ARTICLE: Fire and summer temperatures work together breaking physical seed dormancy

Author

Belén Luna

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Mediterranean climate, Multidisciplinary, biology, Seed dormancy, Cistaceae, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Horticulture, Germination, Environmental science, Dormancy, Ecosystem, Heat shock, Cycling, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Fire and high summer soil temperatures can break physical seed dormancy in Mediterranean fire-prone ecosystems. Their independent effect is somewhat recognized but both factors may act together with a synergistic effect yet unknown. This study aims to determine the isolated and combined effects of fire and summer temperatures on the release of physical seed dormancy in Cistaceae species. Fire and summer temperature treatments were applied in a factorial experiment to seeds of 12 species of Cistaceae. Seeds previously exposed or not to a heat shock (fire simulation) were kept for 1 or 2 months at constant or alternating temperatures (summer temperatures simulation). Additionally, I compared the effect of exposing the seeds to a heat shock before or after they had been subjected to the summer temperatures. Heat shock increased germination of all species, but summer temperatures produced different results. When seeds were exposed to summer temperatures after heat shock, germination decreased. This negative effect disappeared when heat shock was simulated at the end of the summer temperatures. Fire and summer temperatures modulate timing of germination in Cistaceae with a joint control on post-fire regeneration. Cycling of sensitivity to physical dormancy release may be the mechanism to explain this fine-tuning, which would ensure germination when environmental conditions are suitable for growth. These results contribute to our understanding of vegetation dynamics and postfire regeneration in Mediterranean ecosystems.

Published
2020

17. Local climate controls among-population variation in germination patterns in twoEricaspecies across western Iberia

Author

Daniel Chamorro, Belén Luna, and José M. Moreno

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Provenance, Ecology, Range (biology), Population variation, Seed dormancy, Climate change, Plant Science, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Latitude, Germination, Adaptation, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

In seasonal climates, germination timing is mainly controlled by temperature, especially in species with physiological seed dormancy. The germination response to temperature may, however, vary among populations across the distribution range of species. Understanding how populations along climate gradients vary in their sensitivity to temperature is important for determining their vulnerability to climate variability and change. Here, we investigated the germination response of twoEricaspecies with physiological seed dormancy (E. australisandE. umbellata) to changes in temperature throughout the seasons (simulated autumn through to spring) and to the local climate in six localities across a latitudinal gradient in western Iberia. Effects were studied with and without exposing the seeds to a heat shock. The local climate of seed provenance emerged as a key factor in modifying the germination sensitivity to germination temperature and their variation through the seasons. Although each species showed idiosyncratic germination responses to temperature treatments and across the gradient, germination of both species was sensitive to warmer temperatures and to a heat shock. Both showed similar seasonal germination patterns: as we moved from south to north, populations tended to have a larger germination peak in spring, which was greater at colder temperatures. We conclude that rising temperatures associated with climate change will affect these species, particularly at their northern ranges, where many seeds will remain dormant during warmer winters. Arguably, models aiming at assessing climate change impacts in these species need to include such variability across latitude.

Published
2018

18. Germination responses to current and future temperatures of four seeder shrubs across a latitudinal gradient in western Iberia

Author

Daniel Chamorro, José M. Moreno, and Belén Luna

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Time Factors, Range (biology), Climate, Climate Change, Population, Germination, Plant Science, Cistaceae, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Cistus ladanifer, Species Specificity, Cistus, Genetics, education, Ecosystem, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, education.field_of_study, Geography, Portugal, biology, Ecology, Altitude, Temperature, Cistus populifolius, biology.organism_classification, Agronomy, Spain, Seeds, Linear Models, Dormancy, Seasons, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Premise of the study Species differ in their temperature germination niche. Populations of a species may similarly differ across the distribution range of the species. Anticipating the impacts of climate variability and change requires understanding the differential sensitivity to germination temperature among and within species. Here we studied the germination responses of four hard-seeded Cistaceae seeders to a range of current and future temperatures. Methods Seeds were collected at sites across the Iberian Peninsula and exposed or not exposed to a heat shock to break dormancy, then set to germinate under four temperature regimes. Temperatures were varied daily and seasonally, simulating the temperature range across the gradient, plus an increased temperature simulating future climate. Time to germination onset and cumulative germination at the end of each season were analyzed for the effects of temperature treatments, seasons, and local climate (temperature of the germination period, Tgp) at each site. Key results Tgp was a significant covariate of germination in all species but Cistus populifolius. Temperature treatments significantly affected Cistus ladanifer, C. salviifolius, and Halimium ocymoides. Germination occurred in simulated autumn conditions, with little germination occurring at later seasons, except in unheated seeds of H. ocymoides. Exposure to a heat shock changed the sensitivity to temperature treatments and the relationships with Tgp. Conclusions Germination responses to temperature differ not only among species but also within species across their latitudinal range. The responses were idiosyncratic and related to the local climate of the population. This germination variability complicates generalizing the impacts of climate variability and climate change.

Published
2017

19. Germination sensitivity to water stress of eight Cistaceae species from the Western Mediterranean

Author

Belén Luna and Daniel Chamorro

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, biology, food and beverages, Tuberaria, Plant Science, Cistaceae, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Helianthemum, Horticulture, Germination, Botany, Cistus, Dormancy, Fumana, Halimium, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Water availability regulates timing of germination, especially in those environments where it is a limiting factor. However, the water requirements for germination of most wild Mediterranean species are unknown. In this work we analysed the germination response to water stress of eight Cistaceae species with hard-coated seeds, which are typical for the Mediterranean shrublands. Seeds were exposed to a heat shock in order to overcome physical dormancy and then incubated under five water potentials (0, −0.2, −0.4, −0.6 and −0.8 MPa). Ungerminated seeds following these treatments were transferred to water in order to evaluate the recovery of germination. Additionally, at the end of the experiment, viability of still ungerminated seeds was examined. We analysed final germination percentage, time to reach 50% of the final germination (t50), recovery of germination and seed viability in relation to water stress treatments. Furthermore, hydrotime analysis was performed; sensitivity to water stress, as characterized by Ψb(50), was checked in relation to seed size of species. Overall, water stress delayed and decreased germination but species showed different germination sensitivities, which were not related to seed size. Recovery of germination was high after disappearance of water stress but seed viability decreased in some species. Consequently, post-fire germination of Cistaceae must be strongly regulated by water availability and their seeds can recover germination capacity when sufficient water is available after long periods of incomplete hydration. However, some seeds die during the wait.

Published
2016

20. Germination sensitivity to water stress in four shrubby species across the Mediterranean Basin

Author

Florent Mouillot, Belén Luna, José M. Moreno, Daniel Chamorro, Costantino Sirca, Jean-Marc Ourcival, Ali Kavgaci, and Margarita Arianoutsou

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Time Factors, Germination, Plant Science, Cistaceae, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Mediterranean Basin, Water balance, Smoke, Cistus, Botany, Cistus monspeliensis, Erica arborea, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Dehydration, Geography, biology, Mediterranean Region, Water, Fabaceae, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Horticulture, Ericaceae, Seeds, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Mediterranean shrublands are generally water-limited and fire-driven ecosystems. Seed-based post-fire regeneration may be affected by varying rainfall patterns, depending on species sensitivity to germinate under water stress. In our study, we considered the germination response to water stress in four species from several sites across the Mediterranean Basin. Seeds of species with a hard coat (Cistus monspeliensis, C. salviifolius, Cistaceae, Calicotome villosa, Fabaceae) or soft coat (Erica arborea, Ericaceae), which were exposed or not to a heat shock and smoke (fire cues), were made to germinate under water stress. Final germination percentage, germination speed and viability of seeds were recorded. Germination was modelled using hydrotime analysis and correlated to the water balance characteristics of seed provenance. Water stress was found to decrease final germination in the three hard-seeded species, as well as reduce germination speed. Moreover, an interaction between fire cues and water stress was found, whereby fire cues increased sensitivity to water stress. Seed viability after germination under water stress also declined in two hard-seeded species. Conversely, E. arborea showed little sensitivity to water stress, independent of fire cues. Germination responses varied among populations of all species, and hydrotime parameters were not correlated to site water balance, except in E. arborea when not exposed to fire cues. In conclusion, the species studied differed in germination sensitivity to water stress; furthermore, fire cues increased this sensitivity in the three hard-seeded species, but not in E. arborea. Moreover, populations within species consistently differed among themselves, but these differences could only be related to the provenance locality in E. arborea in seeds not exposed to fire cues.

Published
2016

21. Burning season does not affect post-fire regeneration but fire alters the balance of the dominant species in a seeder-dominated Mediterranean shrubland

Author

Iván Torres, Beatriz Pérez, Blanca Céspedes, José M. Moreno, and Belén Luna

Subjects
geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Perennial plant, Fire regime, ved/biology, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Biology, Herbaceous plant, Shrub, Shrubland, Dominance (ecology), Species richness, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Woody plant
Abstract

Question In a seeder-dominated shrubland, does burning season affect post-fire regeneration? Are herbs and shrubs similarly affected? Is the dominance of the main species modified by burning and its timing? Location Los Puntales, Sierra Morena (Cordoba, southern Spain). Methods The shrubland was 12 yr old, dominated by several species of Cistus, among the main seeders. Four blocks, each containing plots of 25 × 25 m, were burned in late May (early season, ES) and late September (late season, LS) with similar fire intensity. Woody plant density and woody and herbaceous cover and richness were monitored during the first three post-fire years and compared to pre-fire using ANOVA and ordination techniques. Results Burning season did not affect cover of the herbaceous or woody species in general, nor cover of the main groups (monocots, dicots, annuals and perennials) or density of the main woody species 3 yr after fire. Fire, however, differentially affected the relative abundance of the main shrub species. Ordination analysis showed that, while succession of herbaceous species was on track to convergence with the pre-fire vegetation, this was not the case for the woody species. Conclusions Burning season was not a significant factor in altering the post-fire regeneration in this seeder-dominated shrubland. Thus, the temporal window for prescribed fires is large, and both seasons could equally be used for management purposes. However, changes in the relative dominance of species due to fire indicate that managers should be alert when this shrubland burns.

Published
2014

22. Burning season effects on the short-term post-fire vegetation dynamics of a Mediterranean heathland

Author

José M. Moreno, Belén Luna, Blanca Céspedes, Itziar R. Urbieta, and Beatriz Pérez

Subjects
Ecology, Fire regime, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Biology, Seeder, biology.organism_classification, Agronomy, Seedling, Litter, Resprouter, Species richness, Relative species abundance, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract

Question: What are the short-term (first 4 yrs) dynamics of a Mediterraneanheathlandfollowingburningduringtheearly-vsthelate-fireseason?Location:SerradaLous~a, Central Portugal.Methods:Thevegetationstudiedwasa16-yearoldheathlandwithEricaaustra-lis (resprouter), Pterospartum tridentatum (resprouter/seeder) and Erica umbellata(seeder) among the dominant species. Four blocks, each with three 50 m 940 mplots,wereestablished.Oneplotperblockwasburnedduringtheearlysea-son(ES)andoneduringthe late season(LS),and thethirdremained unburned.Prior to, and during the first 4 yrs after burning, each burned plot was sampledforspeciesabundance,vigourandrichness.Theeffectsoffirethroughtimeweretested using random blocks repeated measures ANOVA. Recruitment was mod-elledasafunctionofpercentageofpost-firesoilcoveredbylitter(%).MANOVAwas used to test changes in the relative dominance of the woody species due tofire.CommunitydynamicswereassessedbyNMDSordinationanalysis.Results: Fire severity was higher and the percentage of post-fire soil covered bylitter lower in ES than LS burns. The post-fire plant dynamics were dominatedby the resprouting response. Resprouting was not affected by burning season,but ES fires resulted in higher seedling recruitment than LS fires, particularly inthe dominant seeder E. umbellata. Seedling recruitment was negatively relatedto post-fire soil covered by litter. Additionally, seedling emergence was delayedby nearly 1 yr in LS fires with respect to ES fires. Species richness was higher inES than LS fires. Fire did not globally affect the relative abundance of the domi-nant species, although the seeder E. umbellata decreased its relative cover withrespecttotheotherdominantspecies.Ordinationanalysisshowedthatthepost-fire dynamics of the vegetation were on a track of convergence with the com-munityexistingbeforefire.Conclusion: Burning season differentially affected regeneration, mainly by itseffectonseeding,withlittleeffectonresprouting.Burningseasonandassociatedchanges in fire severity and soil covered by litter could alter the short-termregeneration dynamics, which can have important implications for managingthishighlyflammablevegetation.IntroductionInseasonalclimates,firesatdifferenttimesduringtheyearcould affect the post-fire regenerating vegetation througha number of mechanisms. Plant and soil moisture contentvaryovertheyear,asdoesvegetationflammabilityandfireintensity(Hodgkinson1991).Furthermore,soilwatercon-tentmodifiesheatpenetrationintothesoil,duetowetsoilsbeing poor heat conductors (Frandsen & Ryan 1986).Hence, changes in fire intensity (sensu Keeley 2009) andin heat penetration could affect responses such as plantand seed mortality, time of resprouting and the number ofactive resprouting buds per plant (Malanson & Trabaud1988;Cruzet al.2003;Vesk&Westoby2004).Fire seasonality may affect plant responses related tophenological processes. First, the sensitivity of plant tissueto fire, notably of seeds, can change depending on level ofhydration (Parker 1987), which varies with the season.

Published
2013

23. Germination response to various temperature regimes of four Mediterranean seeder shrubs across a range of altitudes

Author

Belén Luna, Daniel Chamorro, and José M. Moreno

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Ecology, Thymus mastichina, Context (language use), Plant Science, 15. Life on land, Biology, Seeder, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Cistus ladanifer, Horticulture, Altitude, 13. Climate action, Germination, Lavandula pedunculata, Botany, Cistus, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

In dry-summer seasonal climates, the beginning of the rainy season can prompt germination under different temperatures, depending on altitude. Understanding germination responses to temperature with altitude is important in fire-prone environments for species regenerating after fire from seeds (seeders), particularly under changing climate. Here we investigated the role of temperature in four Mediterranean seeder shrubs from Central Spain. Seeds from 17 sites (285–1,253 m altitude), of two hard-seeded nanophanerophytes (Cistus ladanifer and C. salviifolius) and two soft-seeded chamaephytes (Lavandula pedunculata and Thymus mastichina) were investigated. Intact and heat shock treated seeds were set to germinate under four temperature regimes, including a treatment simulating future warming. GLM with binomial or gamma functions were used to test treatment effects using altitude as a covariate. Altitude was a significant covariate only in L. pedunculata. Temperature did not affect final germination in either Cistus, but it significantly affected T. mastichina, and interacted with altitude in L. pedunculata, whereby the higher the altitude the less it germinated with decreasing temperature. Germination speed (T50) was lower at colder temperatures in all but C. salviifolius that was insensitive to our treatments. Heat shock significantly increased final germination in both Cistus and T. mastichina, but did not interact with temperature or altitude. We conclude that germination response to temperature, including varying sensitivity with altitude, differed among these species; thus, changes in the timing of the onset of the rainy season will diversely affect populations at various altitudes. We discuss our results in a context of changing climate and fire.

Published
2013
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24. Changes in fire intensity have carry-over effects on plant responses after the next fire in southern California chaparral

Author

Belén Luna, Jon E. Keeley, José M. Moreno, Walter C. Oechel, and Iván Torres

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Plant Science, Seeder, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA, Resprouter, Adenostoma, Fire ecology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Fire cycle, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Fire regime, biology, Forestry, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Chaparral, Fire season, Ceanothus greggii, Fire severity, Environmental science, Ceanothus
Abstract

Question Do variations in fire intensity within a stand determine changes in fire intensity and plant demographics in a subsequent fire? Location San Diego (CA, USA); chaparral dominated by Adenostoma fasciculatum (resprouter) and Ceanothus greggii (seeder). Methods In 2003, a wildfire burned a young (16-yr-old) stand containing a set of experimental plots burned in 1987 with various levels of fire intensity. In 2004, all the 1987 plots were sampled for Adenostoma survival and the recruitment of both species. Similar measures were carried out in the adjacent old (75-yr) stand. Fire intensity in 2003 was estimated by a surrogate fire severity measure [minimum diameter of burned branches (branch diameter)]. Results In the young stand, branch diameter in 2003 was similar to the control plots in 1987, but lower than in the old stand. Fire intensity in 1987 did not significantly affect branch diameter in 2003. Survival of Adenostoma in the young stand was very low, much lower than after the 1987 burn and that in the old stand. Fire intensity in 1987 did not affect Adenostoma survival. Recruitment in Adenostoma increased, and in Ceanothus decreased, with increased fire intensity in 1987. Conclusions We demonstrate that there is a carry-over effect of fire intensity across a whole fire cycle on plant recruitment of the two dominant species. The 2003 fire partially reversed the relative effects on recruitment caused by elevated fire intensity in 1987. Arguably, this effect was driven by the contrasted relationships of the two species to fire intensity. Adenostoma survival in the young stand was much lower in 2003 than in 1987, despite similar branch diameter, and was also lower than in the old stand, despite higher branch diameter in this case. The causes of such mortality are unknown.

Published
2012
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25. Rainfall patterns after fire differentially affect the recruitment of three Mediterranean shrubs

Author

Belén Luna, José M. Moreno, V. Resco de Dios, E. Zuazua, Ángel Velasco, and Beatriz Pérez

Subjects
Mediterranean climate, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, lcsh:QE1-996.5, lcsh:Life, Ciencias naturales y ciencias de la salud, Biology, Seeder, biology.organism_classification, Cistus ladanifer, Shrubland, lcsh:Geology, lcsh:QH501-531, Seedling, Local extinction, lcsh:QH540-549.5, Cistus, Ecosystem, lcsh:Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract

In fire-prone environments, the "event-dependent hypothesis" states that plant population changes are driven by the unique set of conditions of a fire (e.g., fire season, climate). Climate variability, in particular changes in rainfall patterns, can be most important for seeder species, since they must regenerate after fire from seeds, and for Mediterranean shrublands, given the high yearly variability of rainfall in these ecosystems. Yet, the role of rainfall variability and its interaction with fire characteristics (e.g., fire season) on plant populations has received little attention. Here we investigated the changes in seedling emergence and recruitment of three seeder species (Cistus ladanifer, Erica umbellata and Rosmarinus officinalis) after fires lit during three different years and at two times during the fire season (early and late in the fire season) to account for potential changes in the soil seed-bank during the year. Three plots were burned at each season, for a total of 18 plots burned during the three years. After fire, emerged seedlings were tallied, tagged and monitored during three years (two the last burning year). Rainfall during the study period was rather variable, and in some years was well below average. Seedling emergence after fire varied by a factor of 3 to 10, depending on the species and on the burning year. The bulk of seedling emergence occurred in the first year after fire, and seedling recruitment at the end of the study period was tightly correlated with this early emergence. Seedling emergence in E umbellata and R officinalis, but not in C ladanifer, were correlated with precipitation in the fall and winter immediately after the fire, being E umbellata most sensitive to low rainfall. Fire season was generally not an important factor in controlling emergence and recruitment. We discuss how projected changes in rainfall patterns with global warming can alter the balance of species in this shrubland, and can drive some species to near local extinction.

Published
2011

26. Soil seed bank, fire season, and temporal patterns of germination in a seeder-dominated Mediterranean shrubland

Author

Blanca Céspedes, Belén Luna, Beatriz Pérez, José M. Moreno, and Iván Torres

Subjects
Mediterranean climate, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Soil seed bank, food and beverages, Plant Science, Biology, Herbaceous plant, biology.organism_classification, Shrubland, Plant ecology, Agronomy, Germination, Cistus, Botany, Soil water
Abstract

Soil seed banks play a major role in the post-fire regeneration of Mediterranean shrublands. They vary throughout the year in species composition, abundance, and readiness to germinate. After fire, germination occurs mainly during the following fall to spring. Time of germination can determine recruitment success. It is unclear what factors control post-fire germination and its timing. We tested the effects of season and fire on the readily germinable soil seed bank of a seeder-dominated shrubland. Plots were burned early and late in the summer season (ES, LS). Soil samples were collected before and after fire, and germinated in a chamber simulating successively autumn, winter, and spring conditions. Samples were kept moistened at all times. Fire intensity was similar between ES and LS. Several species of Cistus and herbs, mostly annuals, were dominant. Most germination occurred during the simulated-autumn period, with little subsequent germination during the following two periods. Germination speed (T 50) during simulated-autumn was similar for shrubs and herbs, and independent of season or fire. Germination was lower for two shrubs (Rosmarinus officinalis, Cistus salvifolius) and higher for herbaceous dicots in LS than in ES soils. Fire reduced monocots and enhanced Cistus. Germination period significantly interacted with fire and season in some groups or species, altering the simulated-autumn germination peak. We demonstrate that the seed bank can germinate swiftly under simulated-autumn conditions. Hence, water availability is the main controlling factor of germination. Fire season differentially affected some species or groups, and could affect the post-fire regeneration.

Published
2011

27. Effects of Incubation Temperature on Seed Germination of Mediterranean Plants with Different Geographical Distribution Ranges

Author

Iván Torres, José M. Moreno, Belén Luna, and Beatriz Pérez

Subjects
Mediterranean climate, Plant ecology, Range (biology), Germination, Botánica, Dry season, Botany, Paleontology, Plant Science, Biology, Endemism, Incubation
Abstract

Little is known about consequences of the increasing global temperatures on seed germination and even less about the seed germination response of species with different geographical distribution ranges. In the present work, the effect of incubation temperature on seed germination of 31 species from the Iberian Peninsula is analyzed in relation to their geographical distribution range. We tested whether plants with different geographical distribution ranges (Iberian Peninsula endemics, Mediterranean, widely distributed species), respond similarly to incubation temperature using cross-species analysis as well as taking into account phylogenetic relationships among species. Seeds were incubated at 10°C, 15°C, 20°C and 25°C for 6 weeks in darkness. Distribution range appeared as a determinant of germination response to the temperature treatment independent of phylogeny. Widely distributed species were less sensitive than endemic or Mediterranean species to incubation temperatures, which may represent an advantage to colonize new areas or to tolerate changes in the environment. Although their ability to avoid germination during the warm and dry season might be favorable for endemic species in some situations, our results also suggest that under a future of temperature increase imposed by climate change, endemic plant species may be more vulnerable than widely distributed species.

Published
2011

28. Range-size, local abundance and germination niche-breadth in Mediterranean plants of two life-forms

Author

José M. Moreno and Belén Luna

Subjects
Plant ecology, Ecology, Fire regime, Abundance (ecology), Range (biology), Germination, Botany, Niche, Biodiversity, Plant Science, Phylogenetic comparative methods, Biology
Abstract

The relationships between rarity (i.e., range-size, local abundance) and niche-breadth can be important to assess the risks the species face under global change, namely those resulting from fire regime change. In fire areas, germination is critical for establishing after fire for many species. We examined the relationships between rarity and germination niche-breadth for 53 plant species of two life-forms (chamaephytes and hemicryptophytes) growing in Eastern Spain. Rarity was measured as geographic range-size and as local abundance. Local abundance was evaluated at two sites differing in their post-fire successional status (a recently burned area and a long-unburned one). Germination niche-breadth was measured as the mean germination evenness index from four germination experiments that subjected the seeds to various germinating conditions characteristics of fire environments. Correlations between rarity (range-size, local abundance) and niche-breadth were calculated in cross-species mode or by way of phylogenetically independent contrasts, and either for the 53 species (all-species set) or for each of two life-form groups (chamaephytes, hemicryptophytes). In general, no significant correlations were found between the rarity measures and germination niche-breadth for the all-species set. However, significant correlations emerged when the analyses were done separating species by life-forms. Germination niche-breadth was positively correlated with range-size for chamaephytes, and negatively for hemicryptophytes. In addition, germination niche-breadth was uncorrelated, or negatively so, with local abundance for chamaephytes and hemicryptophytes, respectively. While no correlation between range-size and local abundance was found for chamaephytes, a negative one was obtained for hemicryptophytes. We conclude that rarity/germination-niche relationships varied by life-form. This pattern of relationships was obscured when all species were joined in a single group. Based on the contrasting patterns of correlations obtained for each life-form we argue that the changes in the germinating environment caused by alterations in fire regime are likely to differentially affect these two groups of species.

Published
2010

29. Effect of cold exposure on seed germination of 58 plant species comprising several functional groups from a mid-mountain Mediterranean area

Author

José M. Moreno, Beatriz Pérez, Blanca Céspedes, and Belén Luna

Subjects
Mediterranean climate, Horticulture, Stratification (seeds), Ecology, Germination, Botany, Plant species, Cold exposure, Seed dormancy, Mediterranean area, Biology, Endemism, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

The effects of cold stratification on seed germination of 58 species from a Mediterranean area in central–eastern Spain were studied. The area is subject to fires and has a very continental climate, with long winters (187 frost days during the year). Differences in germination among species taking into account their phylogeny were studied by dividing them according to their life form (chamaephytes, hemicryptophytes), post-fire regeneration strategy (non-sprouters, sprouters), and geographical distribution range (Iberian Peninsula endemics, Mediterranean, widely distributed species). Treated seeds were stratified at 5 °C for 4 weeks, then incubated, along with the control seeds, at 15 °C for 6 weeks. Most species were not affected by cold stratification, and in the cases where they were, germination was generally lower after stratification, not higher. In general, germination percentages were low, which shows that stratification by itself was not able to break seed dormancy. Functional groups diff...

Published
2008

30. Light and nitrate effects on seed germination of Mediterranean plant species of several functional groups

Author

Belén Luna and José M. Moreno

Subjects
Mediterranean climate, Ecology, Fire regime, Range (biology), Biodiversity, Plant Science, Biology, Plant ecology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nitrate, chemistry, Germination, Botany, Endemism
Abstract

Post-fire conditions are characterized by enhanced light and the availability of nitrogenous compounds in the soil. It is not known, however, to what extent light or nitrogenous compounds control the germination response of species growing in burned areas and, in particular, whether functional groups of plants differ in their response. The germination response to light and nitrate was tested for 53 species representative of the flora of a Mediterranean recently burned area in Central-Eastern Spain. Differences in germination among species, with and without taking into account their phylogeny, were studied by classifying them according to their life-form (chamaephytes, hemicryptophytes), regeneration strategy (non-sprouters, sprouters) and geographical distribution range (Iberian Peninsula endemics, Mediterranean, widely distributed species). The overall germination mean was not affected by any of the two treatments. There were statistically significant interactions between species and the two treatments. That is, not all species were equally affected, and about 30% of the species were significantly affected by light (half of them positively and the other half negatively) and 25% by nitrate (most of them positively). Species response was related to functional groups. Light response (stimulation vs. non-stimulation) was associated to life-form, regeneration strategy and distribution range. Hemicryptophytes, sprouters and widely distributed species were positively affected by light. No evidence of such an association for nitrate was found. No statistically significant effects of light and nitrate on the mean germination of the various groups (life-form, regeneration strategy, distribution range) were found. Moreover, significant interactions emerged between light and nitrate for all three groups. In summary, the studied set of plants appears to be non-dependent on factors that may change with fire, such as increased light and soil nitrate, for germination. Nonetheless, some species and groups will be affected by such changes. That means that fire will modify the relative balance of germination among species and functional groups. Due to the particular sensitivity of Iberian Peninsula endemics to light, a factor that significantly changes with fire, these species may be at risk under the current fire regime.

Published
2008

31. Heat-shock and seed germination of a group of Mediterranean plant species growing in a burned area: An approach based on plant functional types

Author

Alberto Cruz, José M. Moreno, Federico Fernández-González, and Belén Luna

Subjects
Mediterranean climate, Resistance (ecology), Range (biology), Plant community, Plant Science, Biology, Horticulture, Germination, Botany, Ecosystem, Regeneration (ecology), Endemism, Agronomy and Crop Science, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Many plants from Mediterranean-type ecosystems show enhanced germination when exposed to heat and other fire-related cues. Whether Mediterranean-type plants are fire recruiters and need fire to germinate is subject of discussion. In the present work, we tested the above hypothesis by subjecting seeds from 57 species representative of a recently burned plant community to various heat pulses. Differences in germination among species, taking into account their phylogeny, were studied by dividing them according to their life-form (chamaephytes, hemicryptophytes), regeneration strategy (non-sprouters, sprouters) and geographical distribution range (Iberian Peninsula endemics, Mediterranean, widely distributed species). Seeds were exposed to 80, 100 and 120 °C during 10 min, and then, incubated at 17.5 °C for 6 weeks in darkness. Maximum germination was reached at 80 °C and control treatments and minimum germination was at 120 °C. Most species were tolerant to heat-shocks, only a few of them were stimulated by heat, and around 20% suffered a reduction in germination with heat. The germination response to heat-shock differed according to regenerative strategy and distribution range, but not to life-form. These results were supported independently of phylogeny. As expected, sprouters and Iberian endemics were more sensitive to heat-shock than non-sprouters and widely distributed species, respectively. As a conclusion, the studied plant group appears to exhibit resistance to heat but not dependence on it for germination. Therefore, recruitment could be high after low intensity fires, but might be significantly reduced for most species after more intense fires.

Published
2007

32. Sensitivity to green safelight of 12 Mediterranean species

Author

José M. Moreno, Belén Luna, Federico Fernández-González, and Beatriz Pérez

Subjects
Mediterranean climate, Botany, Plant Science, Sensitivity (control systems), Horticulture, Biology, Agronomy and Crop Science, Safelight
Published
2004

33. Effect of a long-term fire retardant (Fire Trol 934) on the germination of nine Mediterranean-type shrub species

Author

José M. Moreno, Marián Serrano, Belén Luna, Alberto Cruz, and Esther Navarro

Subjects
Time Factors, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Fire prevention, Germination, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Environment, Toxicology, Shrub, Shrubland, Polyphosphates, Botany, Scarification, Flame Retardants, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Sensitive-plant, biology, ved/biology, General Medicine, Cistaceae, biology.organism_classification, Agronomy, Spain, Seeds, Ericaceae, Halimium, Fire retardant
Abstract

Fire Trol 934® is a long-term fire retardant commonly used in fire prevention and extinction. Our objective was to determine the effect of this chemical on seed germination of nine plant species from Mediterranean-type shrublands, where these chemicals are potentially used. Seeds were exposed to five different Fire Trol concentrations, (0 (control) to 10%, on a log scale) and monitored in a germination chamber for nine weeks. Seeds from four Cistus species were subjected to an additional heat treatment that simulated thermal scarification caused by fire. Retardant exposure caused a significant decrease in total germination in all species, and exposure to the highest Fire Trol concentration (10%) resulted in complete inhibition of germination. However, the sensitivity to Fire Trol varied across species and this differential species sensitivity may potentially lead to different impacts in the soil seed banks depending on whether sites are burned or unburned. Exposure to Fire Trol 934 may affect recruitment of shrubland species particularly during dry autumns, due to limited leaching of these chemicals from the soil surface. Consequently, its use should be avoided in sites where particularly sensitive plant species are present. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 20: 543–548, 2005.

Published
2005

34. Effects of a long-term fire retardant chemical (Fire-Trol 934) on seed viability and germination of plants growing in a burned Mediterranean area

Author

Federico Fernández-González, José M. Moreno, Alberto Cruz, and Belén Luna

Subjects
Mediterranean climate, Ecology, Fire regime, food and beverages, Poison control, Forestry, Vegetation, Fire Trol 934, Horticulture, Geography, Germination, Mediterranean area, Fire retardant
Abstract

This work documents the effect of a common, long-term fire retardant chemical, Fire-Trol 934, on seed viability and germination of 36 plant species growing in a burned Mediterranean area, covering different life-form types, regenerative strategies and distribution ranges. Seeds were subjected to four treatments: control, and application of Fire-Trol 934 at concentrations of 0.02, 0.2 and 2%. Fire-Trol 934 significantly decreased both seed viability and germination in the group of species studied, which suggests that Fire-Trol 934 may be toxic for seeds, at least when applied at high concentrations. Whereas seed viability generally showed a progressive decrease with increased Fire-Trol 934 concentration, germination percentages generally increased when intermediate Fire-Trol 934 concentrations were used, but tended to be drastically reduced when seeds were exposed to the highest (2%) concentration. The reduction observed in germination at the highest Fire-Trol 934 concentration was greater than that observed in viability, which suggests that the effect of Fire-Trol 934 on seeds may not be lasting. Little differences in the response to Fire-Trol 934 emerged among plant groups, all of which followed the general tendency described above.

Published
2007

35. Fire homogeneizes plant species traits composition

Author

José M. Moreno, Federico Fernández-González, Alberto Cruz, Beatriz Pérez, and Belén Luna

Subjects
Ecology, Botany, Plant species, Forestry, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Biology, Fire ecology, Composition (language), Nature and Landscape Conservation
Published
2006

36. Effect of a long‐term fire retardant (Fire Trol 934®) on the germination of nine Mediterranean‐type shrub species.

Author

Alberto Cruz, Marián Serrano, Esther Navarro, Belén Luna, and José M. Moreno

Subjects
FIREPROOFING agents, GERMINATION, PLANT embryology, LAND use
Abstract

Fire Trol 934® is a long‐term fire retardant commonly used in fire prevention and extinction. Our objective was to determine the effect of this chemical on seed germination of nine plant species from Mediterranean‐type shrublands, where these chemicals are potentially used. Seeds were exposed to five different Fire Trol concentrations, (0 (control) to 10%, on a log scale) and monitored in a germination chamber for nine weeks. Seeds from four Cistus species were subjected to an additional heat treatment that simulated thermal scarification caused by fire. Retardant exposure caused a significant decrease in total germination in all species, and exposure to the highest Fire Trol concentration (10%) resulted in complete inhibition of germination. However, the sensitivity to Fire Trol varied across species and this differential species sensitivity may potentially lead to different impacts in the soil seed banks depending on whether sites are burned or unburned. Exposure to Fire Trol 934 may affect recruitment of shrubland species particularly during dry autumns, due to limited leaching of these chemicals from the soil surface. Consequently, its use should be avoided in sites where particularly sensitive plant species are present. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 20: 543–548, 2005. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2005
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