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In this study we aimed to investigate the possible effects of 900 MHz GSM Radiofrequency radiations (RFRs) on ghrelin, irisin and nesfatin-1 in the blood, brain and adipose tissues of healthy and diabetic rats by using oxidative stres parameters. Twenty-four Wistar albino rats, each weighing approximately 230 g, were divided into four main groups: Sham (n:6), RF (n:6), Diabetes sham (n:6) and RF+Diabetes (n:6). While the rats in the experimental groups were exposed to 900 RFR for two hours a day, the rats in the sham group were kept under the same experimental conditions but with the RF generator turned off. TAS (Total antioxidant), TOS (Total oxidant), H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide), insulin, ghrelin, nesfati-1, irisin levels in the blood, brain and adipose were determined. 900 MHz RFR significantly decreased TAS level in brain and adipose tissue of diabetic rats. It caused an increase in TOS levels in the brain and adipose of rats. It caused an increase in H2O2 levels in diabetic rats, a significant increase in irisin level in the brain of diabetic rats, and a decrease in ghrelin levels in the brain and adipose of diabetic rats. It caused a decrease in nesfatin-1 levels in the blood and adipose of diabetic rats. A decrease was observed in the blood insulin level of rats after RFR exposure. It was determined that 900 MHz RFRs caused changes in the redox balance in blood, brain and adipose tissue in diabetic and healthy rats, leading to disturbances in energy metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present study was to investigate effects of radiofrequency radiation (RFR) emitted from mobile phones (MOBPHs) on pregnant women and fetuses (PW&F). Correlations between effects occurring and MOBPH usage duration (MOBPH-UD) and frequency of the RFR emitted were evaluated. The study comprised pregnant women divided into 4 groups: (control) non- MOBPH users; 1) MOBPH-UD: 2-15 min/day; 2) MOBPH-UD: 15-60 min/day; and 3) MOBPH-UD: >60 min/day. We investigated were the effects of RFR exposure on protein carbonyl (PCO), malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant and antioxidant status (TOS, TAS), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHDG), and DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) in the cord blood and placenta of pregnant women who used MOBPHs for different durations. A positive correlation existed between the MOBPH-UD and harmful effects examined. Additionally, the alkaline comet assay for determination of DNA SBs showed that using MOBPHs caused DNA SSBs. The results indicated that 900 and 1800 MHz RFR had great potential to affect PW&F. However, a correlation existed between the MOBPH-UD and harmful effects. In conclusion, the results suggested that exposure to 900 and 1800 MHz RFR from MOBPHs usage could potentially affect PW&F. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wireless communication has become indispensable in our daily life due to the advent of mobile phone technologies. Radio frequencies (RFs) are a main parameter in wireless communication technology in order to provide data (audio, image, etc.) transfer. However, public concern is continuously increasing because of the results of scientific studies on the health effects of RF radiation emitted from these devices. Scientists recently pointed out that the most important risk groups are pregnant women and children. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize the animal RF studies performed on both pregnant women and their babies throughout the pregnancy period. The majority of the studies are based on animal studies and suggest that pregnant women, and thereby their babies, can be adversely affected by RF exposure. In conclusion, this review indicated that staying away from RF exposure during the pregnancy would be a wise precaution, at least until a clear scientific result is reached. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Some studies have claimed that long-term conversation with mobile phones can cause hearing loss. However, it has not been investigated whether exposure to mobile phones during pregnancy affects the hearing of babies in the womb. Therefore, the aim of this human study was to investigate the effects of intrauterine radiofrequency radiation (RFR) exposure emitted from mobile phones on the hearing of newborns. Methods The study population comprised 149 newborns. Pregnant women in this study were divided into 4 groups according to RFR exposure duration, such as non-exposure to RFR, exposure to RFR for 2–15 min/day, exposure to RFR for 15–60 min/day, and exposure to RFR for more than 60 min/day. The results of the hearing screening analyses of the newborns, which were performed using transiently evoked otoacoustic emission and auto auditory brainstem response, were investigated retrospectively. Results The results of this study indicated that 900 and 1800 MHz RFR exposure during pregnancy did not cause hearing loss in newborns. Conclusion In conclusion, we observed that the hearing sensitivity and peripheral sound perception of newborns were not affected by RFR exposure emitted from mobile phones during the intrauterine period. Further studies should be performed to illuminate the subject.

This study was designed to investigate whether extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) exposure to parotid gland produces an oxidative stress in parotid glands of rats. Twelve male Wistar-albino rats, 6 months of age with an average body weight of 250–300 g, were divided randomly into two groups, each consisting of six rats. The animals in the first group did not receive any treatment and served as control. The left parotid glands of animals in group 2 (ESWL treated) received a thousand 18 kV shock waves after anesthetizing the rats with 50 mg/kg of ketamine. The animals in both groups were killed 72 hours after the ESWL treatment, and the parotid glands were harvested for the determination of lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidant glutathione (GSH) levels and the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), GSH-Px and catalase (CAT). It was found that MDA level increased in parotid glands of rats after the ESWL treatment. The SOD, GSH-Px and CAT enzyme activities, and the level of antioxidant GSH decreased in parotid gland of rats after the ESWL treatment. It was concluded that short-term ESWL treatment caused an increase in the free radical production and a decrease in the antioxidant enzyme activity in parotid glands of ESWL-treated rats. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The aim of this study is to evaluate the influences of short-term treatment with levosimendan (chemical formula: C14H12N6O) on oxidative stress and some trace element levels in renal tissues of healthy rats. A total of 20 male Wistar-albino rats were randomly divided into two groups, each consisting of 10 rats. Animals in the first group were not treated with levosimendan and served as control. Animals in the second group were injected intraperitoneally with 12 µg/kg levosimendan and served as levosimendan group. Animals in both the groups were killed 3 days after the treatment, and their kidneys were harvested for the determination of tissue oxidant/antioxidant statues and trace element levels in renal tissues. The tissue malondialdehyde level was significantly (p < 0.001) lower in levosimendan group than in controls. The protective enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase and antioxidant glutathione level were significantly (p < 0.001) higher in levosimendan group than in controls. It was concluded that levosimendan reduced oxidative stress by avoiding lipid peroxidation and production of reactive oxygen species, and overactivating and/or increasing the protective antioxidant enzyme levels in renal tissues of rats. It is supposed that this experimental study provides beneficial data for clinicians in the management of renal tissue damage related to obstruction and/or ischemia.

This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of levosimendan injection on lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant glutathione (GSH) levels, and activities of antioxidant enzymes in myocardium of rats. Twenty male Wistar-albino rats were divided randomly into 2 study groups, each consisting of 10 rats. The animals in the first group were not treated with drug and served as control. It was found that the MDA and GSH levels decreased in levosimendan injected group. Superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and carbonic anhydrase enzyme activities were lower in levosimendan injected group than controls. It was concluded that lower tissue free radical level caused by levosimendan injection led to a lower antioxidant enzymes synthesis in the body and a decrease in the antioxidant enzyme activity and free radical scavenger level in myocardium of rat.