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In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association of lamina cribrosa thickness (LCT) and lamina cribrosa depth (LCD), as determined by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), with visual evoked potentials (VEPs) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).Patients enrolled in this prospective, cross-sectional study were divided into three groups. Group 1 consisted of 25 relapsing-remitting MS patients with VEP pathology in one or both eyes. In patients with VEP pathology in both eyes, one eye was chosen randomly. Group 2 comprised 25 relapsing-remitting MS patients with no VEP pathology or optic neuritis history. A randomly selected single eye of each patient was evaluated. Group 3 consisted of 25 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers; a randomly selected single eye of these participants was examined. LCT, LCD, and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measurements were determined in four quadrants (superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal) by SD-OCT.The three groups were similar in terms of age and sex. The mean LCT was lower in Group 1 than in Group 2, but the difference was not statistically significant (268.80 ± 36.69 μm [min-max = 222-394 μm] versus 285.80 ± 12.00 μm [min-max = 249-338 μm]; P = 0.148). The mean LCT was significantly lower in Group 1 than in Group 3 (268.80 ± 36.69 μm [min-max = 222-394 μm] versus 294.80 ± 12.00 μm [min-max = 232-351 μm]; P = 0.012). There was a weak positive correlation between LCT and RNFL-inferior, RNFL-nasal, and RNFL-temporal.We found that the lamina cribrosa was thinner in MS patients with VEP pathology. To the best of our knowledge, this is a novel finding. Our results imply that LCT could be used as an indicator of optic neuritis in MS patients.

To evaluate the short-term effect of 0.15% sodium hyaluronate (SH), 0.20% SH, and Trehalose + 0.15% SH on anterior corneal aberrations in dry eye patients.76 eyes of 76 dry eye patients were divided into three groups. Non-preserved 1.5 mg/mL SH was administered in group 1, non-preserved 2.0 mg/mL SH was administered in group 2, and non-preserved trehalose 30 mg/mL and 1.5 mg/mL SH was administered in group 3. Aberrometry measurements were performed before and 10 min after application of the artificial tear drop. Using the Pentacam Scheimpflug imaging system, total root mean square (RMS), lower-order aberration (LOA), higher-order aberrations (HOAs), spherical aberration (SA), trefoil, and coma aberrations were investigated.In each group; the RMS of total, LOA, HOAs, and spherical aberration were significantly decreased after the artificial drop instillation, compared with those of them at baseline; and in groups 1 and 2, vertical trefoil term was also significantly increased, compared with those of them at baseline. According to intergroup analyzes, there was no significant outcome.It was observed that three artificial tears reduced the anterior corneal aberrations, in a 10-min period. The short-term effect of three artificial tears on the anterior corneal aberration was similar.

Purpose: To investigate monocyte to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio (MHR) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as indicators of systemic inflammation in acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Methods: The HDL levels, hematological profiles, erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels of 38 patients with acute CSC (Group I) and 38 controls without CSC (Group II) were measured. Results: MHRs were significantly higher in Group I (13.30 ± 2.95) than in Group II (11.52 ± 2.42, P = 0.005), whereas NLRs, CRP values, and ESR values did not significantly differ between the groups (P = 0.726, P = 0.219, and P = 0.441, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that the MHR was an independent predictor of acute CSC (OR = 1.266, 95% CI = 1.054-1.521, P = 0.012). Conclusion: Indicating an association between increased MHRs and acute CSC, the MHR might represent simple, inexpensive, reliable biomarkers of inflammation in acute CSC.

To compare the effects of balafilcon A and samfilcon A silicone hydrogel bandage contact lenses on postoperative pain control and epithelial healing time after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). Seventy-four eyes of 37 patients who underwent bilateral PRK were included in this randomized clinical trial study. In the end of the surgery, a balafilcon A lens was used in one eye and a samfilcon A lens was used in the fellow eye randomly. Pain, blurred vision, epiphora, photophobia, and foreign body sensation were assessed on the first and third postoperative day using a visual analogue scale (0 = no ocular pain or discomfort, 10 = highest level of ocular pain and discomfort). For balafilcon A and samfilcon A lenses, mean scores for pain were 6.22 ± 2.81 and 3.11 ± 2.90 on first postoperative day (p

Purpose The aim of the study was to assess the amplitude of accommodation (AA) in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) and without diabetic retinopathy. Materials and methods In two age- and sex-matched groups - one with twenty-nine eyes of 29 patients with type 1 DM, the other with twenty-nine eyes of 29 healthy individuals - retinal nerve fibre layer thickness and macular volume were determined by using optic coherence tomography in all quadrants, whereas AA was measured with the minus lens technique. The mean values of all three measurements were compared between the groups, and the effect of age, disease duration, (HbA1c and fasting blood glucose on AA were analysed using multiple regression analysis. Results On average, participants were 25.0 ± 3.3 years old (range 19-30) in both groups (P = 1.000), and patients had type 1 DM for an average of 13.0 ± 3.3 years. Mean AA in the right eye was 7.3 ± 1.1 D among patients and 8.1 ± 1.1 D among controls (P = .005), as well as significantly negatively correlated with age in both groups (r = -0.735, P Conclusions AA was significantly lower among patients with type 1 DM than among healthy individuals, which suggests that the former might experience presbyopia earlier in life than the general population.

The present study aimed to evaluate the lamina cribrosa thickness (LCT), lamina cribrosa depth (LCD), subfoveal and parafoveal choroidal thicknesses, peripapillary choroidal thickness (PCT), and retina nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). This single-center, case-control study included 45 OSAS patients and 43 age-and sex-matched healthy controls. Only the right eyes of the patients and controls were included. Each participant underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic assessment including slit lamp examination (biomicroscopy), stereoscopic fundus examination, and intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement. The SD-OCT measurements were also performed in both patients and controls. The mean ages of the patients (females, 55.6%) and controls (females, 51.2%) were 50.09 ± 9.7 years and 50.30 ± 4.2 years, respectively. The groups were similar in terms of age and gender. Evaluation of the study parameters revealed that there were no significant differences between the OSAS patients and controls regarding IOP, RNFL thickness, subfoveal and parafoveal choroidal thicknesses, and PCT. A significant difference was found between the OSAS patients and controls regarding LCT but not regarding LCD. The mean LCT values were 213.38 ± 30.7 μm and 300.49 ± 42.6 μm for the OSAS patients and controls, respectively (p ˂ 0.001). The results of the present study indicated that the lamina cribrosa was significantly thinner in the OSAS patients than in the controls. In our opinion, this finding should be supported by large-scale studies and the reason underlying the thinning of the lamina cribrosa in OSAS patients should be investigated physiopathologically.

To evaluate whether the systemic oxidative stress biomarkers increased in patients with vitreomacular traction syndrome (VMT). This study compared 25 patients diagnosed with VMT with 20 healthy controls. As a biomarker of systemic oxidative stress, malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured. Total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) were measured to evaluate the systemic oxidant status. Serum MDA values were significantly higher among the patients (p

To investigate monocyte to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio (MHR) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as indicators of systemic inflammation in acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).The HDL levels, hematological profiles, erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels of 38 patients with acute CSC (Group I) and 38 controls without CSC (Group II) were measured.MHRs were significantly higher in Group I (13.30 ± 2.95) than in Group II (11.52 ± 2.42, P = 0.005), whereas NLRs, CRP values, and ESR values did not significantly differ between the groups (P = 0.726, P = 0.219, and P = 0.441, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that the MHR was an independent predictor of acute CSC (OR = 1.266, 95% CI = 1.054-1.521, P = 0.012).Indicating an association between increased MHRs and acute CSC, the MHR might represent simple, inexpensive, reliable biomarkers of inflammation in acute CSC.

Amaç: Bu çalışmada tek taraflı herpetik keratit tanısı ile takip edilen hastaların kuru göz bulgularını ve gözyaşı osmolaritelerini değerlendirmek ve bu bulguların hastalık olmayan diğer gözde var olup olmadığını incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu prospektif çalışmada kliniğimiz kornea biriminde tek taraflı herpetik keratit tanısı ile takip edilen 40 hastanın keratit olan gözü (Grup 1) ve keratit olmayan diğer gözü (Grup 2) ile 40 kontrol olgusunun bir gözü (Grup 3) değerlendirildi. Olguların detaylı göz muayeneleri ve gözyaşı kırılma zamanı (GYKZ), Schirmer testleri ve osmolarite cihazı ile ölçülen gözyaşı osmolariteleri kaydedildi. Tüm bireylerin alt ve üst kapak meibografi çekimleri yapıldı ve meibomian bez kayıp oranları manuel olarak ölçüldü. Bulgular: Çalışma grubundaki hastaların (22 erkek, 18 kadın) ortalama yaşı 53,5 ± 9,6 yıl iken, kontrol grubunun (21 erkek, 19 kadın) ortalama yaşı 52,4 ± 9,2 yıl idi (p>0,05). Osmolarite skoru Grup 1 ve 2’de sırasıyla 307,5±6,9 ve 303,4±7,8 mOsm/L iken Grup 3’te 295,5±6,3 mOsm/L olarak bulundu (p

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı katarakt cerrahisi geçirmiş olan hastaların oküler yüzeylerini, gözyaşı osmolaritelerini ve kuru göz parametrelerini değerlendirmek. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu prospektif çalışmada kliniğimizde komplikasyonsuz fakoemülsifikasyon cerrahisi geçiren 80 hasta ve 40 kontrol olgusu değerlendirildi. Olguların gözyaşı kırılma zamanı (GYKZ), Schirmer testleri ve meibografi ölçümlerini içeren detaylı göz muayeneleri yapıldı ve ve osmolarite cihazı (TearLab Corporation) ile ölçülen gözyaşı osmolariteleri kaydedildi. Katılımcılar oküler yüzey hastalık indeksi (OSDI) anketini tamamladılar. Ölçümler kontrol grubu hastalarında 1 kez değerlendirilirken, çalışma grubu hastaları ameliyat öncesi ve ameliyattan 1 ay sonra olmak üzere 2 kez değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Çalışma grubundaki hastaların (44 erkek, 36 kadın) ortalama yaşı 69,5 ± 8,9 yıl iken, kontrol grubunun (21 erkek, 19 kadın) ortalama yaşı 70,4 ± 9,3 yıl idi (p>0,05). Osmolarite skoru çalışma grubunda ameliyat öncesi ve sonrası sırasıyla 301,5 ± 7,1 mOsm/L ve 309,6 ±7,4 mOsm/L iken kontrol grubunda 300,9±8,3 mOsm/L olarak bulundu (ameliyat sonrası ile kontrol grubu kıyaslanmasında; p=0,008). Çalışma grubunda ortalama GYKZ’ının ameliyat öncesi 11,9±2,1 sn’den ameliyat sonrası 7,5±3,9 sn’ye düştüğü görüldü (p=0,016). Ameliyat sonrası GYKZ değeri ile kontrol grubunun GYKZ değeri (12,3±2,2 sn) arasındaki fark anlamlı idi (p=0,011). Çalışma grubunun ameliyat sonrasında OSDİ skoru anlamlı derecede artarken (p=0,009), Schirmer test skorunun anlamlı değişim göstermediği görüldü (p>0,05). Sonuç: Katarakt cerrahisi kuru göz hastalığına ve gözyaşı osmolaritesinde artışa neden olmaktadır.

PURPOSE To evaluate the thickness and depth of lamina cribrosa (LC) in the optic nerve head region of the eyes in patients with nonglaucomatous keratoconus and to compare the thickness and depth with those of age-matched controls. METHODS This was a cross-sectional, observational study comprising 45 patients with keratoconus and 56 healthy subjects. Analysis of LC imaging was performed using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Data collected included spherical equivalent, central corneal thickness, axial length, intraocular pressure, and keratometry. RESULTS Eyes with keratoconus had significantly thinner LC (174.9 ± 11.4 vs. 249.1 ± 4.9 μm, P < 0.001) compared with control group eyes. There was no statistically significant difference in the depth of LC between the keratoconus and control groups (P = 0.3). Multivariable analysis, controlled for age and sex, showed that the thickness of LC significantly correlated with central corneal thickness (P < 0.001). This association persisted (P < 0.001) after controlling for intraocular pressure in addition to age and sex. There was no significant correlation with other factors, including the spherical equivalent (P = 0.93) and keratometry (P = 0.46). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study showed that optical coherence tomography measurement of LC revealed thinner LC for patients with keratoconus compared with healthy controls. The structural properties of the cornea may be related to the optic nerve.

PurposeTo investigate the effect of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) on aflibercept response in treatment-naïve diabetic macular oedema (DME).DesignA retrospective cohort study.MethodsOne hundred and fifty eyes of 150 treatment-naïve patients with DME were enrolled. The patients were divided into three groups according to their PVD status: group 1 (no PVD during injections), group 2 (PVD during injections) and group 3 (PVD already present initially). Three consecutive aflibercept injections at intervals of 1 month were applied to all patients. The efficacy of the aflibercept treatment on DME was assessed by comparing changes in central retinal thickness (CRT) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) values after three loading dose injections.ResultsAfter three consecutive injections, the mean reduction of CRT in groups 1, 2 and 3 were −199.6±106.9, −224.9±124.1 and −210.7±126.3, respectively. The decrease in CRT was significant in all groups (p0.05, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)). The mean improvement in BCVA in groups 1, 2 and 3 was 6.6±0.9, 6.5±0.8 and 6.1±0.4 ETDRS letters, respectively. The improvement of BCVA was significant in all groups (p0.05, one-way ANOVA). There was no significant relationship between the presence or development of PVD and the mean decrease of CRT and improvement of BCVA (for CRT r=−0.052, p=0.531 and for BCVA r=−0.078, p=0.342).ConclusionIn the present study, it was observed that the efficacy of aflibercept treatment in patients with DME did not depend on PVD status.

Objective The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of blindness on ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (oVEMP) responses. Methods Thirty-one subjects with unilateral blindness (UB group) and 25 age and sex-matched healthy subjects (control group) were recruited for the present study. The oVEMP responses including latency, amplitude and amplitude asymmetry ratio (AR) were measured and compared between the blind side, the contralateral eye of the UB group and the control subjects. Results Ocular VEMP recordings were obtained from 29 of 31 patients (93.5%) for the blind side of the UB group. There was no significant difference in terms of latency, amplitude and AR value between the blind side and the contralateral eye of the UB group and the control subjects. Conclusion Clear oVEMP recordings can be elicited as long as the eyeball and extraocular muscles are preserved in a blind eye.

PURPOSE The aim of the study was to assess the quality of videos on YouTube as educational resources about refractive surgery. METHODS This is a retrospective, cross-sectional, register-based study. A search of YouTube was performed for the term "refractive surgery" without any changes to the Web site's standard search preferences. The first 160 videos were recorded. Additional videos from the search engine were also searched for the other common terms "LASIK," "PRK," and "laser eye surgery." The first 50 videos for each additional term were evaluated. A total of 310 videos were evaluated regarding DISCERN score (min-max: 16-75), Journal of the American Medical Association score (min-max: 0-4), and Global Quality score (min-max: 0-5). RESULTS Once 135 videos that did not meet the inclusion criteria were excluded from the sample, the remaining 175 videos were analyzed. The mean DISCERN, Journal of the American Medical Association, and Global Quality scores were 33.25 ± 15.34 (poor quality), 0.74 ± 0.82 (lowest quality), and 1.74 ± 0.81 (poor quality), respectively. Of the 175 videos, 77 (42%) had been uploaded by physicians, 67 (38.2%) by health channels, 16 (9.1%) by patients, and another 15 (8.5%) by medical organizations. CONCLUSIONS Although some of the analyzed online videos contain beneficial information, YouTube videos do not generally seem to be useful as educational resources for patients about refractive surgery. Nevertheless, health care professionals should continue to assess the reliability and usefulness of medical information provided by online resources from the viewpoint of patients.

© 2019 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of ranibizumab and aflibercept in macular edema (ME) with serous retinal detachment (SRD) following branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Methods: Once every month for 3 months, 33 patients were treated with ranibizumab (Group 1), whereas 30 others were treated with aflibercept (Group 2). In 9 months after that, patients were evaluated every 4 weeks and received additional injections if they met prespecified criteria for retreatment. Corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central foveal thickness (CFT), and height of SRD was measured. Results: During the first 3 months, the improvement of CFT, BCVA, and height of SRD were greater in Group 2 than Group 1. Those differences disappeared in the subsequent 9 months, and changes in CFT, BCVA, and height of SRD were similar between groups at all other visits. Conclusion: Aflibercept was more effective than ranibizumab from baseline to Month 3 in ME with SRD following BRVO.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate anterior segment parameters and corneal aberrations in patients with retinitis pigmentosa using Scheimpflug imaging and to compare the findings with those for healthy controls. Methods: This single-center, case-control study included patients diagnosed with retinitis pigmentosa who were followed up at the Department of Ophthalmology of Kayseri Training and Research Hospital between February and June 2018. Age- and sex-matched healthy individuals with no known ophthalmologic disease formed the control group. Both patients with retinitis pigmentosa and controls underwent comprehensive ophthalmic assessments, including the measurement of the best-corrected visual acuity calculation of the spherical equivalent, slit-lamp examination, stereoscopic fundus examination, computerized visual field test, and electroretinography. Topographic and aberrometric values were measured using Scheimpflug-based tomography. Results: This study was performed on 52 eyes of 26 patients with retinitis pigmentosa (14 men) and 52 eyes of 26 healthy controls (11 men). The average keratometry (K avg) values for the patient and control groups were similar (43.87 ± 2.23 versus 43.61 ± 1.68; p=0.546), but the maximum keratometry (K max) value was significantly higher in the patient group (45.85 ± 2.35 and 44.69 ± 1.86; p=0.015). Patients with retinitis pigmentosa had a significantly lower central corneal thickness (518.5 ± 42.3 versus 534.1 ± 24.5, respectively; p=0.042) and maximal corneal thickness (509.1 ± 50.5 versus 530.5 ± 24.1, respectively; p=0.015). Additionally, the iridocorneal angle for the patients was significantly lower (31.6 ± 9.2 versus 35.9 ± 7.7, p=0.025). The aberrometric findings indicated that patients with retinitis pigmentosa had significantly more higher-order aberrations than those in the healthy controls (0.794 ± 51 and 0.398 ± 08, respectively; p

Purpose: To compare the thickness of the lamina cribrosa (LC), retinal-nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and peripapillary choroid (PC) in patients with unilateral branch retinal-vein occlusion (BRVO) and healthy individuals. Methods: The 70 eyes of 35 patients with unilateral BRVO, grouped as either affected or unaffected, and 38 right eyes of 38 healthy individuals were examined for LC, RNFL, PC thickness, and LC depth with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Results: The unaffected eyes of patients with BRVO had a significantly thinner RNFL on average and in the inferior quadrant than the eyes of healthy controls. Mean LC thickness in BRVO-affected and BRVO-unaffected eyes was significantly thinner than in controls, and mean LC depth was significantly deeper as well. The average, superior, and inferior PC thickness in both BRVO-affected and BRVO-unaffected eyes and nasal PC thickness in the BRVO-affected eyes were significantly thinner than in the eyes of controls. Conclusion: Thinner LCs and PCs in both eyes of patients with unilateral BRVO and thinner RNFLs in BRVO-unaffected eyes than in the eyes of healthy controls suggest that BRVO and glaucoma have underlying pathological mechanisms and risk factors in common that lead to their development.

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the effects of schizophrenia on posterior ocular structures including the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), central macular thickness (CMT), choroidal thickness (CT) and lamina cribrosa (LC) measurements.Methods: A total of 35 patients with schizophrenia and 35 healthy individuals were enrolled. Only the right eye of each participant was tested. RNFL thickness in all quadrants, CT, CMT, LC thickness, and LC depth (LCD) measurements were performed using Fourier domain optic coherence tomography (OCT), and each variable was compared between groups.Results: The mean age and sex distributions were similar between groups (p=0.528 and p=0.299, respectively). The average, superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal RNFL thicknesses were significantly lower in schizophrenia patients than in controls (p

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of multiple sclerosis (MS) on the amplitude of accommodation (AA) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness.Materials and Methods: A total of 25 MS patients with visual-evoked potential (VEP) abnormalities (MS/+VEP Group), 25 MS patients without VEP abnormalities (MS/-VEP Group), and 25 controls (Control Group) were enrolled. Only findings from the right eye of the participants were included in the analysis. Each participant underwent a pattern-reversal visual-evoked potential (PVEP) recording, an RNFL thickness analysis by optic coherence tomography (OCT) in all quadrants, and a measurement of amplitude of accommodation (AA) with minus lens technique. The AA and the RNFL thickness were compared between the groups.Results: The mean age and sex distributions did not differ significantly across the groups (p= .788, p= .906, respectively). The mean AA was 5.36 ± 0.7 D in MS/+VEP group, 6.06 ± 1.4 D in MS/-VEP group, and 6.4 ± 0.9 D in control group (p= .002). The difference in the mean AA values between MS/+VEP and control groups were significant (p = .002). AA was significantly correlated with age, P100 latency and amplitude values in MS/+VEP group (r = -0.832, p < .001; r = -0.596, p = .002 and r = 0.498, p = .011, respectively). In a multivariable regression model, age and P100 latency were significant parameters for affecting AA in patients with MS (p < .001 and p = .001). In another multivariable regression model, age and average RNFL thickness were significant parameters for affecting AA in patients with MS (p < .001 and p = .010).Conclusions: We found that the AA was lower in MS patients with VEP abnormalities compared to age-matched healthy individuals. P100 latency was a significant parameter for predicting AA in MS/+VEP group. These results suggest that MS patients with VEP abnormalities might experience presbyopia earlier in life than people without MS, probably due to the chronic demyelination of neural pathways.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare responses to aflibercept treatment in age-based groups of patients with macular edema following branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Methods: Eighty-five patients with macular edema following BRVO were divided into 4 groups according to their age: Group I (i.e., 45- to 54-year-olds), Group II (i.e., 55- to 64-year-olds), Group III (i.e., 65- to 74-year-olds), and Group IV (i.e., 75- to 84-year-olds). Each patient received a loading dose of 3 monthly intravitreal aflibercept injections. The treatment response was evaluated with visual acuity (VA) and optical coherence tomography measurements of the central foveal thickness (CFT), outer nuclear layer thickness (ONLT), and photoreceptor layer thickness (PRLT) before treatment and 1 month after the first and third injections. Results: In Group I (n = 19), Group II (n = 25), Group III (n = 23), and Group IV (n = 18), the mean values of VA, CFT, ONLT, and PRLT improved significantly 3 months after treatment. Whereas VA improved the most in Group I, its improvement significantly decreased in each progressively older age group, as did the reduction of the CFT, ONLT, and PRLT values, all of which were greater in groups I and II. Furthermore, age significantly correlated with changes in VA, CFT, ONLT, and PRLT across all groups. Conclusion: The efficacy and effectiveness of aflibercept treatment decrease in patients with macular edema following BRVO as they age, most likely due to age-related changes in posterior ocular structures.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the lamina cribrosa (LC) thickness, LC depth, and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, in migraine patients with and without aura, by using optical coherence tomography (OCT). This single-center, case–control study included 27 migraine with aura (Group I), 35 migraine patients without aura (Group II), and 35 healthy controls (Group III). In only the right eyes of participants, RNFL thickness in all quadrants was analyzed via OCT, whereas LC thickness and depth were measured by enhanced depth imaging OCT. The mean age and sex distributions did not differ significantly across the groups (p = 0.460 and p = 0.941). The RNFL thickness was significantly lower in Group I (average and superotemporal, superonasal, and inferotemporal quadrants) and Group II (average and superotemporal and superonasal quadrants) when compared with Group III. Disease duration was significantly correlated with RNFL thickness on average and in all quadrants except in the superonasal quadrant in Groups I and II. Patients in Groups I and II had significantly thinner LC thicknesses and deeper LC depth than healthy participants in Group III. The LC and RNFL thicknesses were thinner and the LC depth was deeper in migraine patients with or without aura than in healthy individuals, and disease duration correlated significantly with RNFL thickness. Both results suggest that migraine patients are at risk of developing glaucoma.

Purpose: This study evaluated changes in cho­roidal and macular thickness in healthy volunteers and chronic smokers. Methods: Thirty-three eyes of 33 chronic smokers (study group) and 33 eyes of 33 healthy controls who had never smoked were prospectively evaluated. Comprehensive ophthalmic assessment included slit lamp biomicroscopy, stereoscopic fundus examination, and intraocular pressure measurement. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography was used to measure choroidal and macular thickness 1 month before smoking cessation (smoking period) and after 3 months of smoking cessation (nonsmoking period). Results: The mean age of the participants was 41.88 ± 6.52 years (range, 26-52), and the average smoking duration was 8.6 ± 2.5 years (range, 5-16). The thickness of the paracentral choroid (nasal: 1,500 mm, p=0.001 and temporal: 1,500 mm, p=0.001) had significantly decreased after 3 months of smoking cessation. The thicknesses of the subfoveal choroid in the smoking and nonsmoking periods were not significantly different (p=0.194). The mean central macular thickness was 267.21 ± 18.42 mm in the smoking period and 268.42 ± 18.28 mm in the nonsmoking period (p=0.022). Conclusions: Smoking was associated with statistically significant changes in paracentral choroidal and central macular thickness in healthy volunteers. Pathological studies should be performed to evaluate the effects of smoking on posterior ocular structures.

Purpose: To compare the lamina cribrosa thickness and anterior lamina cribrosa depth between patients with and without diabetes mellitus and to investigate the effect of metabolic control and duration of diabetes mellitus on lamina cribrosa thickness and anterior lamina cribrosa depth using enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Methods: A total of 70 patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study and were divided into the diabetes and control groups. Intraocular pressure, circumpapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness, anterior lamina cribrosa depth and lamina cribrosa thickness were compared between the groups. Results: In the control group, the mean intraocular pressure was 14.6 ± 3.1 (mean ± standard deviation) mmHg, mean circumpapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness was 105.41 ± 5.86 μm, mean anterior lamina cribrosa depth was 420.3 ± 90.2 μm and mean lamina cribrosa thickness was 248.5 ± 5.4 μm. In the diabetes group, the mean intraocular pressure was 13.9 ± 2.2 mmHg, mean circumpapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness was 101.37 ± 10.97 μm, mean anterior lamina cribrosa depth was 351.4 ± 58.6 μm and mean lamina cribrosa thickness was 271.6 ± 33.9 μm. Lamina cribrosa thickness was significantly higher ( p Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the optical coherence tomography measurement of lamina cribrosa revealed thicker and more anteriorly positioned lamina cribrosa for patients with diabetes mellitus compared with those for healthy controls.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of β-thalassemia minor on choroidal, macular, and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. To form the sample, we recruited 40 patients with β-thalassemia minor and 44 healthy participants. We used spectral-domain optical coherence tomography to take all measurements of ocular thickness, as well as measured intraocular pressure, axial length, and central corneal thickness. We later analyzed correlations of hemoglobin levels with ocular parameters. A statistically significant difference emerged between patients with β-thalassemia minor and the healthy controls in terms of mean values of subfoveal, nasal, and temporal choroidal thickness (p = 0.001, p = 0.016, and p = 0.010, respectively). Except for central macular thickness, differences in paracentral macular thicknesses between the groups were also significant (superior: p

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Optic neuritis (ON) is common clinical manifestation of MS. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) has been used as a useful tool to quantify the neuronal damage in the eyes of MS patients. The study aimed to evaluate the lamina cribrosa thickness (LCT) and lamina cribrosa depth (LCD) in patients with MS and their relationship with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score. Fifty-two eyes of 26 relapsing-remitting MS patients and 39 eyes of 39 healthy age- and sex- matched participants were evaluated in this prospective, cross-sectional, observational study. There were two MS subgroups: 38 MS eyes without an ON history (MS−ON), and 14 MS eyes with an ON history (MS+ON). The LCT and LCD were measured with SD-OCT. Of the 26 participants with MS, 14 (53.8%) were female and the mean (SD) age was 35.1 (6.2) years; of the 39 healthy controls, 26 (66.7%) were female and the mean (SD) age was 36.7 (8.2) years (P=0.19 for sex and P=0.27 for age). The mean LCT was not significantly different between MS patients and healthy controls (272.66 ± 33.52 μm and 272.58 ± 35.97 μm, respectively, P=0.992). The mean LCD was 325.15 ± 67.07 μm for the MS+ON group, 409.71 ± 93.18 μm for the MS−ON group, and 427.64 ± 91.65 μm for the healthy control group. The LCD was significantly decreased in MS+ON group compared to MS−ON group (P=0.011) and healthy controls (P=0.002). EDSS score was negatively correlated with LCD in MS patients (r= -0.313, P=0.025). This study revealed decreased LCD in MS eyes particularly with optic neuritis, and its relationship with increased disease severity. Additional longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the use of LCD as an imaging biomarker in patients with MS. [Med-Science 2018; 7(4.000): 867-72]