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Schizophrenia and depression are psychiatric disorders with overlapping clinical and biological features. This study aimed to identify common and distinct neuropathological mechanisms in schizophrenia and depression patients using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The study included 28 patients with depression (DEP), 29 patients with schizophrenia (SCH), and 30 healthy control subjects (HC). Intrinsic connectivity contrast (ICC) was used to identify functional connectivity (FC) changes at the whole-brain level, and significant ICC differences were found in the bilateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) across all three groups. Further seed-based FC analysis indicated that compared to the DEP and HC groups, the FC between bilateral OFC and medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), right anterior insula, and right middle frontal gyrus were significantly lower in the SCH group. Additionally, the FC between right OFC and left thalamus was decreased in both patient groups compared to the HC group. Correlation analysis showed that the FC between OFC and MPFC was positively correlated with cognitive function in the SCH group. These findings suggest that OFC connectivity plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and depression and may provide new insights into the potential neural mechanisms underlying these two disorders.

Ti/TiN/Cu is established to be an enabling alternative to the better-known Au-based ohmic contact metals such as Ti/Al/Ni/Au. The Cu-based option delivers lower contact resistance and smoother surface morphology and is proven to be compatible with AlGaN/GaN HEMTs device processing. The TiN layer serves as an effective Cu-diffusion barrier as no detectable Cu-diffusion was observed when subjected to thermal treatment up to 600 ℃. There is a tendency of N-diffusion across the Ti/GaN interface near which N-deficiency in the GaN epitaxial layer and formation of a nano-sheath of TiN was found. This ultrathin layer of TiN works to further improve the ohmic performance of the electric contact, as reflected in lowered contact resistivity ρC. It is possible to manufacture the TiN thin films with low sheet resistance at a high deposition rate by adjusting the ratios between argon and nitrogen gas flows during sputtering deposition. Contact resistivity ρC, tested for the AlGaN/GaN HEMT devices fabricated on Si substrate according to the TLM standard were found to be as low as 3.65×10-6 Ω-cm2 (RC = 0.54 Ω-mm). The outcomes benchmark favourably against many reported metal-stacking structures for ohmic contacts. The robustness of surface morphology and interface sharpness against thermal treatments make the established ohmic stack structures suitable for scalable device fabrications.

The study aimed to understand multimorbidity among adults in a high-tech city in southern coastal China that has undergone rapid economic development and to investigate its relationship with lifestyle status.A population-based survey was conducted among 24 community centers in the Nanshan District of Shenzhen from February to December of 2018. Participants were recruited using a stratified random sampling approach. A self-administered questionnaire on typical chronic diseases, lifestyle factors, body composition, and social demographics was used to collect data. Multimorbidity was defined as two or more chronic diseases coexisting in a single person. An algorithm on body mass index, physical activity, drinking, smoking, and sleep quality was used to calculate lifestyle scores (0-9), with higher scores predicting a healthier lifestyle.A total of 2,905 participants were included in the analysis, with men accounting for 52.4%, and single for 25%. The prevalence of multimorbidity was 4.8%, and the mean lifestyle score was 4.79 ± 1.55. People who were old, retired, married, and had less education were more likely to have multimorbidity (all P.05). A higher prevalence of multimorbidity was found among those who were obese, less engaged in physical activity, consumed more alcohol, and had poorer sleep quality (all p.05). After adjusting for age, employment, education, and marital status, one unit increase in lifestyle score was associated with 0.74 times lower to have multimorbidity (OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.63-0.87, p.05).The prevalence of multimorbidity was relatively low in economically developed Shenzhen. Keeping a healthy lifestyle was related to the lower possibility of suffering from multiple chronic diseases.

Objective Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can be prevented and treated, although presenting with persistent airflow restriction; the airflow restriction caused by COPD is mostly progressive. In recent years, more attention has been paid to the home-based pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) and its influence on COPD. Exercise training is the basic constituent of PR. However, it is not clear which exercise trainings are the ideal ways to deliver home-based PR. Methods In this review, we focus on the effect of home-based exercise training on patients with COPD. We searched literature, which was necessarily required to be randomized controlled trails (RCTs) from the establishment of the four respective databases (Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure) from January 2008 to January 2018. We used the Cochrane collaborative “risk of bias” tool to assess the quality of evidence. A total of 21 trials (1694 participants) were included. Through the analysis of the literature, we find that a simple, low-cost, and low-intensity family-based lung-rehabilitation plan to adapt to the real life may lead to the improvement of the ability to exercise, the reduction of the difficulty in breathing, and the improvement of carrying out daily activities. Results In the exercise training of home-based PR, lower limb exercise (LLE) training demonstrated a more perceptible effect in improving the quality of life of patients with COPD. At the same time, the combination of LLE training, breathing training, and upper limb exercise training is more obvious than the simple LLE training. In addition, home-based low-intensity aerobic training may sometimes be no less than the outpatient or center intervention to improve dyspnea, health status, and exercise tolerance. In conclusion, the simple and easy home-based PR exercise program is useful. Long-term home-based PR may require an enhanced need for maintenance. Conclusions A simple, low-cost, and low-intensity high blood pressure response (HBPR) plan to adapt to the real life may lead to an augmentation in the ability to exercise, a reduction of the difficulty in breathing, and an improvement in carrying out day-to-day activities. HBPR strategies can benefit patients (elderly patients with COPD at home) in the long term.

Schizophrenia is characterized by the distributed dysconnectivity of resting-state multiple brain networks. However, the abnormalities of intra- and inter-network functional connectivity (FC) in schizophrenia and its relationship to symptoms remain unknown. The aim of the present study is to compare the intra- and inter-connectivity of the intrinsic networks between a large sample of patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Using the Region of interest (ROI) to ROI FC analyses, the intra- and inter-network FC of the eight resting state networks [default mode network (DMN); salience network (SN); frontoparietal network (FPN); dorsal attention network (DAN); language network (LN); visual network (VN); sensorimotor network (SMN); and cerebellar network (CN)] were investigated in 196 schizophrenia and 169-healthy controls. Compared to the healthy control group, the schizophrenia group exhibited increased intra-network FC in the DMN and decreased intra-network FC in the CN. Additionally, the schizophrenia group showed the decreased inter-network FC mainly involved the SN-DMN, SN-LN and SN-CN while increased inter-network FC in the SN-SMN and SN-DAN (p < 0.05, FDR-corrected). Our study suggests widespread intra- and inter-network dysconnectivity among large-scale RSNs in schizophrenia, mainly involving the DMN, SN and SMN, which may further contribute to the dysconnectivity hypothesis of schizophrenia.

Objectives: To compare the efficacy of intense pulsed light (IPL) combined with Meibomian gland expression (MGX), and instant warm compresses combined with MGX, for treatment of dry eye disease (DED) due to meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). Methods: In a prospective, multicenter, interventional study, 120 subjects with DED due to MGD were randomized 1:1 to an IPL arm or a control arm. Each subject was treated 3 times at 3-week intervals. The primary outcome measure was the tear break up time (TBUT). Tear break up time and a few additional outcome measures were evaluated at the baseline and at 3 weeks after the last treatment. Results: All outcome measures improved in both arms, but in general, the improvement was significantly larger in the IPL arm. Tear break up time increased by 2.3±1.9 and 0.5±1.4 sec, in the IPL and control arms respectively (P

Objectives To evaluate clinical changes after intense pulsed light and meibomian gland expression (IPL/MGX) treatment in meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) patients, and to identify ideal candidates, and the therapeutic window, for IPL/MGX. Methods This retrospective study reviewed the medical records of 44 MGD patients (44 eyes). The IPL/MGX treatment was applied on the eyelids three times at intervals of 4 weeks. Age, sex, relevant ocular history, Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED), Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), tear break-up time (TBUT), corneal fluorescein staining score (CFSS), meiboscore, meibomian gland loss score (MGLS), meibomian glands yielding secretion score (MGYSS), meibomian glands yielding clear secretion (MGYCS), and meibomian glands yielding liquid secretion (MGYLS) were analyzed. Results Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness, OSDI, TBUT, CFSS, MGYSS, MGYLS, and MGYCS were significantly improved after three IPL/MGX treatments, but the meiboscore and MGLS remained unchanged. In patients who had better treatment outcomes (improvement in MGYSS >7), younger age (36.0, 22.5 vs. 53.0, 25.0 years; P=0.012), a longer TBUT (8.0, 4.5 vs. 6.0, 3.0 sec; P=0.010), better meiboscore (1.0, 0.5 vs. 2.0, 1.0; P=0.012), and less gland loss (19.8%, 20.3% vs. 41.1%, 30.2%; P=0.008) before IPL/MGX were noted. Sex, relevant ocular history, SPEED, OSDI, MGYSS, MGYLS, and MGYCS before IPL/MGX showed no significant differences between patients with an improvement in MGYSS >7 versus those with an improvement of ≤7. Meibomian glands yielding secretion score changes in patients who had a meiboscore of 0 to 1 and MGYSS of 0 before IPL/MGX (12.0, 10.0) were significantly higher than those who had a meiboscore of 2 to 3 and MGYSS of 0 (6.5, 9.3; P=0.031), or a meiboscore of 0 to 1 and MGYSS >0 (5.0, 11.5; P=0.041). Conclusions Improved dry eye symptoms, TBUT, corneal staining, and meibomian gland secretion were observed in MGD patients after IPL/MGX. Patients in the early stages of MGD maybe benefited most from IPL/MGX treatment.

AIM: To evaluate the effects of genipin cross-linking on bullous keratopathy in rabbits. METHODS: Nine female New Zealand white rabbits with bullous keratopathy were used as an experimental model. They were randomized into three groups. Corneas in Group A (treatment group, n=3) were immersed in 0.25% genipin at 24℃ for 40min; those in Group B (control group, n=3) were immersed in 0.9% sodium chloride solution at 24℃ for 40min; and those in Group C (blank control group, n=3) received no treatment. Follow-up examinations were performed within 2wk after treatment, including slit-lamp microscopy, central corneal thickness (CCT), evaluations of body weight and stress responses, histopathological analyses, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) for detecting stromal cell apoptosis. RESULTS: Compared to Groups B and C, remission of corneal edema, corneal healing, disappearance of epithelial bullae, a significant decrease in CCT (P

Objective: This survey examined and compared the disaster perception and preparedness of 2421 residents with and without chronic disease in Shenzhen, China. Methods: The participants were recruited and were asked to complete a survey in 2018. Results: Three types of disasters considered most likely to happen in Shenzhen were: typhoons (73.5% vs 74.9%), major transport accidents (61.5% vs 64.7%), and major fires (60.8% vs 63.0%). Only 5.9% and 5% of them, respectively, considered infectious diseases pandemics to be likely. There were significant differences between those with and without chronic disease in disaster preparedness, only a small percentage could be considered to have prepared for disaster (20.7% vs 14.5%). Logistic regression analyses showed that those aged 65 or older (odds ratio [OR] = 2.76), who had attained a Master’s degree or higher (OR = 2.0), and with chronic disease (OR = 1.38) were more prepared for disasters. Conclusions: Although participants with chronic disease were better prepared than those without, overall, Shenzhen residents were inadequately prepared for disasters and in need of public education.

BackgroundSchizophrenia and depression are highly prevalent serious psychiatric disorders with potentially similar clinical and biological features, and disrupted connectivity have been found to play an important role in the pathophysiology of these two diseases. Here, we sought to identify common and distinct neuropathological mechanisms in schizophrenia and depression patients with resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).MethodsTwenty-eight patients with depression (DEP), twenty-nine patients with schizophrenia (SCH), and thirty healthy control subjects (HC) were enrolled. A data-driven intrinsic network level analysis (Intrinsic Connectivity Contrast, ICC) was used to identify functional connectivity (FC) changes at the whole-brain level. Then the regions with group differences were used as seeds in following FC analysis. ResultsSignificant ICC differences were found in bilateral orbitofrontal cortex(OFC) across three groups. Common reduced ICC in DEP and SCH were found in OFC, with more extensive abnormalities in schizophrenia than depression. Subsequent FC analysis indicated that, compared to the DEP and HC group, the FC between right OFC and the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and right anterior insula(AI) were significantly lower in the SCH group. In addition, the FC between left OFC and right cerebellum and subcallosal gyrus were decreased in both patient groups compared to the HC group. Correlation analysis showed that the FC between OFC and MPFC was positively correlated with cognitive function in the SCH group. ConclusionThese results suggest a critical role for OFC connectivity in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and depression, which may shed new light on the potential neural mechanisms underlying these two disorders.

The objective of this review is to determine the effectiveness of behavioral economic interventions for promoting uptake of and adherence to cancer screening recommended by guidelines.Cancer screening has been found to help reduce incidence of and mortality from advanced cancer. However, adherence to recommended cancer screening services is low in asymptomatic adults with average risk, possibly due to systematic decision biases. The findings of this review will demonstrate whether interventions informed by behavioral economic insights can help improve uptake of and adherence to cancer screening.This review will consider experimental, quasi-experimental, and analytical observational studies that i) evaluate the effects of behavioral economic interventions in adults eligible for guideline-recommended cancer screening; and ii) report the number/percentage of individuals who used screening services; number/percentage of individuals who completed screening recommended by guidelines; participant self-reported intentions, choice, and satisfaction regarding the use of screening services; detection rates of early-stage cancers; use of early intervention for cancers; and cancer-related mortality.A systematic literature search will be performed by one reviewer. After removing duplicates, two reviewers will independently screen and appraise eligible studies according to the JBI methodology for systematic reviews of effectiveness. Five databases will be searched: CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, PsyclNFO, PubMed, and Web of Science. Sources of gray literature and registered clinical trials will also be searched for potential studies. There will be no limits on publication date or language. Data synthesis will be conducted using meta-analysis and narrative synthesis where appropriate.PROSPERO CRD42021258370.

To explore the salience network(SN) functional alterations in schizophrenia and depression, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data from 29 patients with schizophrenia (SCH), 28 patients with depression (DEP) and 30 healthy controls(HC) were obtained. The SN was derived from data-driven group independent component analysis (gICA). ANCOVA and post hoc tests were performed to discover the FC differences of SN between groups. The ANCOVA demonstrated a significant group effect in FC with right inferior and middle temporal gyrus (ITG and MTG), left caudate, and right precentral gyrus. Post-hoc analyses revealed an opposite altered FC pattern between SN and right ITG and MTG for both patient groups. The DEP group showed a reduced FC between SN and right ITG and MTG compared with HC whereas the SCH group showed an increased FC. In addition, the SCH group showed decreased FC between SN and left caudate, and enhanced FC between SN and right precentral gyrus compared to the other two groups. Our findings suggest distinct FC of SN in schizophrenia and depression, supporting that the resting-state FC pattern of SN may be a transdiagnostic difference between depression and schizophrenia and may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of these two disorders.

The amygdala plays an important role in the regulation of stress and anxiety. However, little is known about the relationship between amygdala connectivity and subsequent stress-induced behavior. The current study investigated whether amygdala connectivity measured before experiencing stress is a predisposing neural feature of subsequent stress-induced behavior while individuals face an emergent and unexpected event like the COVID-19 outbreak. Using an fMRI cohort established before the pandemic in Wuhan, Hubei, we found that resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the right amygdala with the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) was negatively correlated with the stress-induced behavior of these volunteers during the COVID-2019 outbreak in Hubei. Furthermore, the self-connection of the right amygdala, inferred using dynamic causal modeling, was negatively correlated with stress-induced behavior in this cohort. A significant correlation between the right amygdala-dmPFC rsFC and self-connection of the right amygdala was found. Additionally, after three months of the COVID-19 outbreak in Hubei when the stressor weakened - and in another cohort collected in regions outside Hubei where the individuals experienced a lower level of stress - the relationship between the amygdala-dmPFC rsFC and the stress-induced behavior disappeared. Our findings support that amygdala connectivity is a predisposing neural feature of stress-induced behavior in the COVID-19 outbreak in Hubei, suggesting the amygdala connectivity before stress predicts subsequent behavior while facing an emergent and unexpected event. And thus our findings provide an avenue for identifying individuals vulnerable to stress using intrinsic brain function before stress as an indicator.

OBJECTIVE: To study the value of airway pH monitoring in determining the association between chronic cough and laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) in children. METHODS: A total of 274 children with chronic cough who were treated from January 2016 to December 2019 were enrolled. The DX-pH detection system was used to conduct 24-hour airway pH monitoring. The association between chronic cough and LPR was analyzed. RESULTS: Among the 274 children, there were 168 boys and 106 girls, with a median age of 62.8 months and a median airway pH value of 7.3. Of all the 274 children, 99 (36.1%) had LPR, and the incidence rate of LPR was 36.9% (62/168) in boys and 34.9% (37/106) in girls (P=0.737). The comparison of the incidence rate of LPR among children aged < 1 year, 1-6 years, and > 6 years showed that the younger children had a significantly higher incidence rate of LPR than the older ones (P=0.003). There was no significant difference in the incidence of LPR between the two groups with chronic cough of unknown etiology and definite etiology. The incidence of chronic cough was positively correlated with that of LPR (r(s)=0.861, P < 0.01). Among the 99 children with positive RYAN index, 65 (66%) suffered from simple LPR. CONCLUSIONS: LPR is highly associated with the development of chronic cough, and airway pH monitoring may be a safe and effective method for the diagnosis of LPR.

Background: Genipin (GP) is a safe method for corneal crosslinking, even for very thin corneas. However, there have been no reports on the optimal GP concentration range to use in vivo for corneal crosslinking. Objectives: To investigate the safety of corneal crosslinking after a 24-h incubation with different concentrations of GP. Methods: Twenty New Zealand white rabbits were divided into a phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) group, 0.2% GP crosslinking (GP-CXL) group, 0.25% GP-CXL group, and 0.3% GP-CXL group. Before and after surgery, the operated eyes of each group were characterized by confocal microscopy, and corneal buttons were excised for endothelium staining and electron microscopy. Results: The keratocyte structures in each GP group appeared to be similar to those in the PBS group. Through the confocal microscopy, the changes in corneal endothelial cell density also did not significantly differ among groups. There was a significant difference in apoptosis between the 0.3% GP-CXL and PBS groups (p < 0.05) and between the 0.3% GP-CXL and 0.25% GP-CXL groups (p < 0.05), but there were no significant differences between the 0.2 and 0.25% GP-CXL groups compared to the PBS group. Transmission electron microscopy showed endothelial cell damage in the 0.3% GP-CXL group, with minimal endothelial cell damage in the other groups. Conclusions: Treatment of rabbit corneas with ≤0.25% GP resulted in minimal toxicity to keratocytes and endothelial cells, suggesting that it is a safe crosslinking agent at those concentrations.

To analyze the risk factors affecting hemorrhagic cystitis(HC) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT).The clinical data of 153 patients underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from January 2010 to December 2018 were selected and retrospectively analyzed. The incidence, median time and treatment outcome of HC should be observed. Multivariate analysis was used to observe the risk factors of HC in patients, including sex, age, diagnosis, disease status before transplantation, transplantation type, ATG and CTX in the pretreatment scheme, stem cell source, neutrophil and platelet implantation time; CMV, EBV and BKV infection, and acute graft-versus-host disease(aGVHD).Among 153 patients underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, 25 (16.34%) patients had HC, the median occurance time was 31 days, all patients achieved complete remission after treatment, no bladder irritation and bladder contracture were left. The results of univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the type of transplantation, ATG, CMV viremia before treatment, aGVHD (r=1.036, 3.234, 3.298 and 2.817, respectively) were the independent risk factors of HC.The urinary BKV detections in the patients with HC are positive, mainly occured during the period from day +13 to days +56. HLA haplotype, pretreatment including ATG, and CMV viremia, and aGVHD are the independent risk factors for HC after allo-HSCT.异基因造血干细胞移植后并发出血性膀胱炎的危险因素分析.分析异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT）后并发出血性膀胱炎（HC）的危险因素.回顾性分析2010年1月-2018年12月于西安交通大学第一附属医院行allo-HSCT的153例患者的临床资料。观察HC的发生率、发生中位时间及治疗转归。利用多因素分析观察患者性别、年龄、诊断、移植前疾病状态、移植类型、预处理方案中是否含有ATG、预处理方案中是否含有CTX、干细胞来源、中性粒细胞植入时间、血小板植入时间、CMV感染、EBV感染、BKV感染、急性移植物抗宿主病（aGVHD）是否为发生HC的高危因素.153例allo-HSCT患者中，25例发生HC，发生率为16.34%，发生的中位时间为31 d，治疗后全部好转，无1例遗留膀胱刺激症状及膀胱挛缩 。经单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析，结果显示，移植类型、预处理中含ATG、CMV血症以及aGVHD 4项因素（R值分别为1.036、3.234、3.298、2.817）是HC的独立危险因素.HC患者尿BKV检测均为阳性,主要发生在移植后13-56 d。 HLA配型半相合、含ATG的预处理方案、CMV血症及aGVHD是allo-HSCT后发生HC的独立危险因素.

Objective The objective of this review is to determine the most effective strategies for educating health care staff to manage or prevent aggressive patient behaviors within an acute care setting. Introduction Health care workers in acute settings are frequently at risk of being injured by aggressive patients. Staff are often ill-prepared to de-escalate such behaviors and, therefore, are at greater exposure to verbal or physical injury. This protocol outlines methods for a systematic review on the effectiveness of educational strategies to manage and/or prevent aggressive patient behaviors in hospitals. Inclusion criteria Quantitative studies that report on programs used to educate or train hospital staff in managing or preventing an episode of aggressive behavior by an adult patient while in an acute health care facility will be included. Individual, program, and organizational outcomes, such as confidence, behavior, knowledge, or attitudes as well as recorded rates of injury, sick leave, stress, anxiety, or detection/prevention of aggression before and/or after the intervention will be analyzed. Psychiatric patients or settings are excluded from this review. Methods Two reviewers will independently select and appraise eligible studies and extract data following methods outlined by JBI for systematic reviews of effectiveness. Multiple databases will be searched for studies in English and Chinese from 2008 to the present. The JBI System for the Unified Management, Assessment and Review of Information (SUMARI) will be used to manage studies and, where possible, meta-analysis will be undertaken. Results will be presented in a Summary of Findings following the GRADE approach. Systematic review registration number Submitted to PROPSERO June 5, 2020.

To determine the efficacy and safety of intense pulsed light (IPL) applied directly on the eyelids and meibomian gland expression (MGX) in treating meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD).IPL application on the periocular skin effectively improves meibomian gland secretion and tear film break-up time (TBUT) in patients with MGD/dry eye.This prospective, randomized, double-masked, controlled study involved 44 patients. One eye was randomly selected for IPL treatment; the other served as a control. Study eyes received three IPL treatments at 4-week intervals; IPL was applied directly on the eyelids, and the eye was protected with a Jaeger lid plate. Control eyes received sham IPL treatments. Both eyes received MGX and artificial tears. Meibomian gland yielding secretion score (MGYSS), TBUT, Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED), cornea fluorescein staining (CFS), meibography, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), and fundus examination were performed.Compared to the baseline, MGYSS, TBUT, and SPEED and CFS scores improved in the study eyes, while only SPEED and CFS scores improved in the control eyes (p 0.001 for all). Changes in MGYSS and TBUT were higher in the study eyes than in the control eyes (p 0.05), but changes in SPEED and CFS scores were similar (p 0.05). BCVA and IOP improved in both the study and control eyes (p 0.05). Five patients experienced mild pain and burning during IPL treatment. One patient suffered partial eyelash loss.IPL combined with MGX safely and effectively treated MGD.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to analyze the choroidal sublayer morphologic features in emmetropic and myopic children using an automatic segmentation model, and to explore the relationship between choroidal sublayers and spherical equivalent refraction (SER). Methods We collected data on 92 healthy children (92 eyes) from the Ophthalmology Department of Peking University First Hospital. The data were allocated to three groups: emmetropia (+0.50 diopters [D] to −0.50 D), low myopia (−0.75 D to −3.00 D), and moderate myopia (−3.25 D to −5.75 D). We performed standardized optical coherence tomography (OCT) and developed a new segmentation technique to measure choroidal thickness (CT), large-vessel choroidal layer (LVCL), medium-vessel choroidal layer (MVCL), and small-vessel choroidal layer thickness (SVCL), and evaluated the choroidal vascular system (choroidal vascular volume [VV], choroidal vascular index [CVI], and choroidal vascular density [CVD]). Results All choroidal sublayers (LVCL, MVCL, and SVCL) were significantly thinner in myopic than in emmetropic eyes (P < 0.05), the thinnest choroidal region being the nasal outer subfield (P < 0.05). In all choroidal regions of SVCL, a positive correlation was found between SER and thickness ratio (P < 0.001). In most subfields of MVCL, a similar correlation was found (P < 0.050), the exceptions being the two nasal subfields (0.050 < P < 0.300). In contrast, the thickness ratio of LVCL decreased in all subfields (P < 0.050). VV correlated with SER negatively in LVCL in all subfields (all P < 0.001) and most subfields in MVCL except for two temporal subfields (0.050 < P < 0.200). However, no significant correlations were found between CVI and SER in LVCL (P > 0.050) and MVCL (with the exception being the temporal inner subfield, P = 0.011). Conclusions Thickness of choroidal sublayers was reduced with higher myopic SER, whereas changes in thickness ratio varied between sublayers. No significant correlations between CVI and SER suggested that both choroidal stromal and vascular volume decreases proportionately. Translational Relevance Automatic segmentation model will be helpful for future clinical trials to quantify choroidal sublayer morphologic features in myopia.

Stainless steel core plate wall (SSCPW), as an innovative type of wall, consists of stainless steel plates that are connected by orthogonally arranged stainless steel tubes. In this study, the axial load-bearing capacity of the T-shaped SSCPW was investigated experimentally and numerically. The experimental results indicated that local buckling occurred in the stainless steel plates although lateral restraining to them were provided by the stainless steel tubes. Finite element models of T-shaped SSCPW were established and validated by the experimental results. Moreover, the nonlinear finite element analysis was used to analyze the influence of different design parameters of T-shape SSCPW including height-width ratio, stainless steel plate thickness, stainless steel tube diameter, stainless steel tube spacing on the axial load-bearing capacities of T-shaped SSCPW. The empirical formulas for calculating the ultimate bearing capacity of T-shaped SSCPW were proposed. The bearing capacities of T-shaped SSCPW specimens calculated by the formulas are in good agreement with those from experimental results and FE results, verifying the safety and effectiveness of the strength design formula of the T-shaped SSCPW.

This paper reported a case of home care for a 103-year-old AD patient with stage III pressure ulcers. After ten weeks of professional home care, including the guidance for caregivers, such as posture putting, wound decompression, nutritional support, clinical nurse specialist come to home to give wound assessment and care, the ulcer was eventually healed. It is suggested that for the senior AD patients, intelligent auxiliary equipment can be introduced into the family in the future, it can help reduce the pressure of the affected side, reduce the burden on caregivers, meanwhile, wound specialist nurses came to the caregiver to give systemic instructions, prevent the occurrence and development of pressure ulcers.

Background To investigate use of collagenase type II for generating a rabbit model of corneal ectasia. Methods Ten New Zealand white rabbits were used with right eyes treated as the experimental group and left eyes treated as the control group. After epithelial debridement, a collagenase type II solution (200 μL of 5 mg/mL) was applied in the experimental group at room temperature (24 °C) for 30 min, and a 200 μL solution without collagenase was applied in the control group. Slit-lamp microscopy, the mean keratometry (Km), and central cornea thickness (CCT) were examined before and after the procedure. Corneas were obtained on day 14 for biomechanical evaluation. Results No obvious inflammatory reaction was observed in all eyes after the procedure. A statistically significant increase in Km (1.54 ± 1.29D vs − 0.82 ± 0.44D at day7 and 0.89 ± 0.89D vs − 2.11 ± 1.02D at day14) and a statistically significant decrease in CCT (− 23.10 ± 12.17 μm vs 6.20 ± 16.51 μm at day7 and − 16.10 ± 10.46 μm vs 11.60 ± 0.88 μm at day14) were observed in the experimental group compared with the control group. The mean stresses and elastic modulus at 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% deformities in the experimental group decreased and the differences in elastic modulus between the two groups were statistically significant at 10% and 15% deformities. Conclusions Collagenase type II treatment results in mimic KC with increased corneal keratometry and corneal thinning and a lower elastic modulus. An animal model for corneal ectasia can be generated by treatment with collagenase type II.