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308 results on '"Behzadifar, Meysam"'

8. Mapping 123 million neonatal, infant and child deaths between 2000 and 2017

Author

Burstein, Roy, Henry, Nathaniel J, Collison, Michael L, Marczak, Laurie B, Sligar, Amber, Watson, Stefanie, Marquez, Neal, Abbasalizad-Farhangi, Mahdieh, Abbasi, Masoumeh, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdoli, Amir, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, Abrigo, Michael RM, Acharya, Dilaram, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adham, Davoud, Afshari, Mahdi, Aghaali, Mohammad, Ahmadi, Keivan, Ahmadi, Mehdi, Ahmadpour, Ehsan, Ahmed, Rushdia, Akal, Chalachew Genet, Akinyemi, Joshua O, Alahdab, Fares, Alam, Noore, Alamene, Genet Melak, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Alinia, Cyrus, Alipour, Vahid, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Almalki, Mohammed J, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M, Altirkawi, Khalid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amegah, Adeladza Kofi, Amini, Saeed, Amit, Arianna Maever Loreche, Anbari, Zohreh, Androudi, Sofia, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansari, Fereshteh, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Arabloo, Jalal, Arefi, Zohreh, Aremu, Olatunde, Armoon, Bahram, Arora, Amit, Artaman, Al, Asadi, Anvar, Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran, Ashraf-Ganjouei, Amir, Assadi, Reza, Ataeinia, Bahar, Atre, Sachin R, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, Azari, Samad, Babaee, Ebrahim, Babazadeh, Arefeh, Badawi, Alaa, Bagheri, Soghra, Bagherzadeh, Mojtaba, Baheiraei, Nafiseh, Balouchi, Abbas, Barac, Aleksandra, Bassat, Quique, Baune, Bernhard T, Bayati, Mohsen, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Behzadifar, Masoud, Behzadifar, Meysam, Belay, Yared Belete, Bell, Brent, Bell, Michelle L, Berbada, Dessalegn Ajema, Bernstein, Robert S, Bhattacharjee, Natalia V, Bhattarai, Suraj, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Bijani, Ali, Bohlouli, Somayeh, Breitborde, Nicholas JK, Britton, Gabrielle, Browne, Annie J, Nagaraja, Sharath Burugina, Busse, Reinhard, Butt, Zahid A, Car, Josip, Cárdenas, Rosario, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Cerin, Ester, Chanie, Wagaye Fentahun, Chatterjee, Pranab, and Chu, Dinh-Toi

Subjects
Pediatric, Pediatric Research Initiative, Prevention, Infant Mortality, 2.4 Surveillance and distribution, Aetiology, Good Health and Well Being, Reduced Inequalities, Child, Child Mortality, Geography, Global Health, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Organizational Objectives, Public Health, Socioeconomic Factors, United Nations, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Since 2000, many countries have achieved considerable success in improving child survival, but localized progress remains unclear. To inform efforts towards United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3.2-to end preventable child deaths by 2030-we need consistently estimated data at the subnational level regarding child mortality rates and trends. Here we quantified, for the period 2000-2017, the subnational variation in mortality rates and number of deaths of neonates, infants and children under 5 years of age within 99 low- and middle-income countries using a geostatistical survival model. We estimated that 32% of children under 5 in these countries lived in districts that had attained rates of 25 or fewer child deaths per 1,000 live births by 2017, and that 58% of child deaths between 2000 and 2017 in these countries could have been averted in the absence of geographical inequality. This study enables the identification of high-mortality clusters, patterns of progress and geographical inequalities to inform appropriate investments and implementations that will help to improve the health of all populations.

Published
2019

9. Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author

Collaborators, GBD 2016 Neurology, Feigin, Valery L, Nichols, Emma, Alam, Tahiya, Bannick, Marlena S, Beghi, Ettore, Blake, Natacha, Culpepper, William J, Dorsey, E Ray, Elbaz, Alexis, Ellenbogen, Richard G, Fisher, James L, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Giussani, Giorgia, Glennie, Linda, James, Spencer L, Johnson, Catherine Owens, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Marin, Benoît, Mountjoy-Venning, W Cliff, Nguyen, Minh, Ofori-Asenso, Richard, Patel, Anoop P, Piccininni, Marco, Roth, Gregory A, Steiner, Timothy J, Stovner, Lars Jacob, Szoeke, Cassandra EI, Theadom, Alice, Vollset, Stein Emil, Wallin, Mitchell Taylor, Wright, Claire, Zunt, Joseph Raymond, Abbasi, Nooshin, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Aboyans, Victor, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, Acharya, Dilaram, Adamu, Abdu A, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood, Adsuar, Jose C, Afarideh, Mohsen, Agrawal, Sutapa, Ahmadi, Alireza, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Aichour, Ibtihel, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akseer, Nadia, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Salman, Rustam Al-Shahi, Alahdab, Fares, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Altirkawi, Khalid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Arabloo, Jalal, Aremu, Olatunde, Ärnlöv, Johan, Asayesh, Hamid, Asghar, Rana Jawad, Atalay, Hagos Tasew, Awasthi, Ashish, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Ayuk, Tambe B, Badawi, Alaa, Banach, Maciej, Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar, Barboza, Miguel A, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Baune, Bernhard T, Bedi, Neeraj, Behzadifar, Masoud, Behzadifar, Meysam, Béjot, Yannick, Bekele, Bayu Begashaw, Belachew, Abate Bekele, Bennett, Derrick A, Bensenor, Isabela M, Berhane, Adugnaw, Beuran, Mircea, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Biadgo, Belete, Bijani, Ali, Bililign, Nigus, Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat, Blazes, Christopher Kynrint, Brayne, Carol, Butt, Zahid A, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, and Cantu-Brito, Carlos

Subjects
Neurosciences, Headaches, Pain Research, Aging, Brain Disorders, Prevention, Neurodegenerative, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Neurological, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cause of Death, Dementia, Disability Evaluation, Female, Global Burden of Disease, Humans, Incidence, Male, Middle Aged, Nervous System Diseases, Prevalence, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, GBD 2016 Neurology Collaborators, Clinical Sciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery
Abstract

BackgroundNeurological disorders are increasingly recognised as major causes of death and disability worldwide. The aim of this analysis from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 is to provide the most comprehensive and up-to-date estimates of the global, regional, and national burden from neurological disorders.MethodsWe estimated prevalence, incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs; the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] and years lived with disability [YLDs]) by age and sex for 15 neurological disorder categories (tetanus, meningitis, encephalitis, stroke, brain and other CNS cancers, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, motor neuron diseases, idiopathic epilepsy, migraine, tension-type headache, and a residual category for other less common neurological disorders) in 195 countries from 1990 to 2016. DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, was the main method of estimation of prevalence and incidence, and the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) was used for mortality estimation. We quantified the contribution of 84 risks and combinations of risk to the disease estimates for the 15 neurological disorder categories using the GBD comparative risk assessment approach.FindingsGlobally, in 2016, neurological disorders were the leading cause of DALYs (276 million [95% UI 247-308]) and second leading cause of deaths (9·0 million [8·8-9·4]). The absolute number of deaths and DALYs from all neurological disorders combined increased (deaths by 39% [34-44] and DALYs by 15% [9-21]) whereas their age-standardised rates decreased (deaths by 28% [26-30] and DALYs by 27% [24-31]) between 1990 and 2016. The only neurological disorders that had a decrease in rates and absolute numbers of deaths and DALYs were tetanus, meningitis, and encephalitis. The four largest contributors of neurological DALYs were stroke (42·2% [38·6-46·1]), migraine (16·3% [11·7-20·8]), Alzheimer's and other dementias (10·4% [9·0-12·1]), and meningitis (7·9% [6·6-10·4]). For the combined neurological disorders, age-standardised DALY rates were significantly higher in males than in females (male-to-female ratio 1·12 [1·05-1·20]), but migraine, multiple sclerosis, and tension-type headache were more common and caused more burden in females, with male-to-female ratios of less than 0·7. The 84 risks quantified in GBD explain less than 10% of neurological disorder DALY burdens, except stroke, for which 88·8% (86·5-90·9) of DALYs are attributable to risk factors, and to a lesser extent Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (22·3% [11·8-35·1] of DALYs are risk attributable) and idiopathic epilepsy (14·1% [10·8-17·5] of DALYs are risk attributable).InterpretationGlobally, the burden of neurological disorders, as measured by the absolute number of DALYs, continues to increase. As populations are growing and ageing, and the prevalence of major disabling neurological disorders steeply increases with age, governments will face increasing demand for treatment, rehabilitation, and support services for neurological disorders. The scarcity of established modifiable risks for most of the neurological burden demonstrates that new knowledge is required to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies.FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Published
2019

10. Mapping geographical inequalities in access to drinking water and sanitation facilities in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–17

Author

Deshpande, Aniruddha, Miller-Petrie, Molly K, Lindstedt, Paulina A, Baumann, Mathew M, Johnson, Kimberly B, Blacker, Brigette F, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abegaz, Kedir Hussein, Abejie, Ayenew Negesse, Abreu, Lucas Guimarães, Abrigo, Michael R.M., Abualhasan, Ahmed, Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou, Adamu, Abdu A, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, Adhikari, Tara Ballav, Afarideh, Mohsen, Agudelo-Botero, Marcela, Ahmadi, Mehdi, Ahmadi, Keivan, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Ahmed, Anwar E, Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie, Akanda, Ali S, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Samiah, Alam, Noore, Alamene, Genet Melak, Alanzi, Turki M, Albright, James, Albujeer, Ammar, Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth, Alebel, Animut, Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw, Ali, Muhammad, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Alipour, Vahid, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Almasi, Ali, Almasi-Hashiani, Amir, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M, Altirkawi, Khalid A, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J., Amini, Saeed, Amit, Arianna Maever L., Amul, Gianna Gayle Herrera, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansariadi, Ansariadi, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Antony, Benny, Antriyandarti, Ernoiz, Arabloo, Jalal, Aref, Hany Mohamed Amin, Aremu, Olatunde, Armoon, Bahram, Arora, Amit, Aryal, Krishna K, Arzani, Afsaneh, Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran, Asmelash, Daniel, Atalay, Hagos Tasew, Athari, Seyyede Masoume, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Atre, Sachin R, Ausloos, Marcel, Awasthi, Shally, Awoke, Nefsu, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayano, Getinet, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, Aynalem, Yared Asmare, Azari, Samad, Azman, Andrew S, Babaee, Ebrahim, Badawi, Alaa, Bagherzadeh, Mojtaba, Bakkannavar, Shankar M, Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar, Banach, Maciej, Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar, Barac, Aleksandra, Barboza, Miguel A, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Basu, Sanjay, Bay, Vo Dinh, Bayati, Mohsen, Bedi, Neeraj, Beheshti, Mahya, Behzadifar, Meysam, Behzadifar, Masoud, Bejarano Ramirez, Diana Fernanda, Bell, Michelle L, Bennett, Derrick A., Benzian, Habib, Berbada, Dessalegn Ajema, Bernstein, Robert S, Bhat, Anusha Ganapati, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bhaumik, Soumyadeep, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Boris, Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat, Biswas, Raaj Kishore, Bohlouli, Somayeh, Boufous, Soufiane, Brady, Oliver J, Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, Britton, Gabrielle B, Brown, Alexandria, Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath, Butt, Zahid A, Cámera, Luis Alberto, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, Campuzano Rincon, Julio Cesar, Cano, Jorge, Car, Josip, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carvalho, Felix, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Castro, Franz, Cerin, Ester, Chalise, Binaya, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chin, Ken Lee, Christopher, Devasahayam J, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Cormier, Natalie Maria, Costa, Vera Marisa, Cromwell, Elizabeth A, Dadi, Abel Fekadu Fekadu, Dahiru, Tukur, Dahlawi, Saad M A, Dandona, Rakhi, Dandona, Lalit, Dang, Anh Kim, Daoud, Farah, Darwesh, Aso Mohammad, Darwish, Amira Hamed, Daryani, Ahmad, Das, Jai K, Das Gupta, Rajat, Dash, Aditya Prasad, Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto, Davis Weaver, Nicole, De la Hoz, Fernando Pio, De Neve, Jan-Walter, Demissie, Dereje Bayissa, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Deribe, Kebede, Desalew, Assefa, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Dhillon, Preeti, Dhimal, Meghnath, Dhungana, Govinda Prasad, Diaz, Daniel, Dipeolu, Isaac Oluwafemi, Do, Hoa Thi, Dolecek, Christiane, Doyle, Kerrie E, Dubljanin, Eleonora, Duraes, Andre Rodrigues, Edinur, Hisham Atan, Effiong, Andem, Eftekhari, Aziz, El Nahas, Nevine, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, El Tantawi, Maha, Elhabashy, Hala Rashad, El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I., El-Khatib, Ziad, Elkout, Hajer, Elsharkawy, Aisha, Enany, Shymaa, Endalew, Daniel Adane, Eshrati, Babak, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Etemadi, Arash, Ezekannagha, Oluchi, Faraon, Emerito Jose A., Fareed, Mohammad, Faro, Andre, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fasil, Alebachew Fasil, Fazlzadeh, Mehdi, Feigin, Valery L., Fekadu, Wubalem, Fentahun, Netsanet, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Flohr, Carsten, Foigt, Nataliya A., Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin, Foroutan, Masoud, Franklin, Richard Charles, Frostad, Joseph Jon, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Gad, Mohamed M, Garcia, Gregory M, Gatotoh, Augustine Mwangi, Gayesa, Reta Tsegaye, Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork, Geramo, Yilma Chisha Dea, Gesesew, Hailay Abrha, Gezae, Kebede Embaye, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Ghazi Sherbaf, Farzaneh, Gill, Tiffany K, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Ginindza, Themba G, Girmay, Alem, Gizaw, Zemichael, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia, Goulart, Alessandra C, Grada, Ayman, Green, Manfred S, Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guido, Davide, Guimarães, Rafael Alves, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Rahul, Ha, Giang Hai, Haagsma, Juanita A., Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Haile, Dessalegn H, Haile, Michael Tamene, Hall, Brian J., Hamidi, Samer, Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohannes, Haririan, Hamidreza, Hariyani, Ninuk, Hasaballah, Ahmed I., Hasan, Md. Mehedi, Hasanzadeh, Amir, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Hayelom, Desta Haftu, Hegazy, Mohamed I, Heibati, Behzad, Heidari, Behnam, Hendrie, Delia, Henok, Andualem, Herteliu, Claudiu, Heydarpour, Fatemeh, Hidru, Hagos Degefa de, Hird, Thomas R, Hoang, Chi Linh, Hollerich, Gillian I, Hoogar, Praveen, Hossain, Naznin, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Househ, Mowafa, Hu, Guoqing, Humayun, Ayesha, Hussain, Syed Ather, Hussen, Mamusha Aman A, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Milena D., Imani-Nasab, Mohammad Hasan, Iqbal, Usman, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Ivers, Rebecca Q, Iwu, Chinwe Juliana, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jalali, Amir, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jenabi, Ensiyeh, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jha, Vivekanand, Ji, John S, Jonas, Jost B., Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Kabir, Ali, Kabir, Zubair, Kanchan, Tanuj, Karch, André, Karki, Surendra, Kasaeian, Amir, Kasahun, Gebremicheal Gebreslassie, Kasaye, Habtamu Kebebe, Kassa, Gebrehiwot G, Kassa, Getachew Mullu, Kayode, Gbenga A., Kebede, Mihiretu M, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Ketema, Daniel Bekele, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, Khalid, Nauman, Khalilov, Rovshan, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Junaid, Khan, Md Nuruzzaman, Khatab, Khaled, Khater, Mona M, Khater, Amir M, Khayamzadeh, Maryam, Khazaei, Mohammad, Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kiadaliri, Ali, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kisa, Sezer, Kisa, Adnan, Kochhar, Sonali, Kolola, Tufa, Komaki, Hamidreza, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Krishan, Kewal, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kugbey, Nuworza, Kumar, Pushpendra, Kumar, G Anil, Kumar, Manasi, Kusuma, Dian, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lacey, Ben, Lal, Aparna, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lam, Hilton, Lami, Faris Hasan, Lansingh, Van Charles, Lasrado, Savita, Lebedev, Georgy, Lee, Paul H, LeGrand, Kate E, Leili, Mostafa, Lenjebo, Tsegaye Lolaso, Leshargie, Cheru Tesema, Levine, Aubrey J, Lewycka, Sonia, Li, Shanshan, Linn, Shai, Liu, Shiwei, Lopez, Jaifred Christian F, Lopukhov, Platon D, Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed, Mahadeshwara Prasad, D.R., Mahasha, Phetole Walter, Mahotra, Narayan B., Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A, Manafi, Navid, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mapoma, Chabila Christopher, Martinez, Gabriel, Martini, Santi, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Mathur, Manu Raj, Mayala, Benjamin K, Mazidi, Mohsen, McAlinden, Colm, Meharie, Birhanu Geta, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mehrabi Nasab, Entezar, Mehta, Kala M, Mekonnen, Teferi, Mekonnen, Tefera Chane, Meles, Gebrekiros Gebremichael, Meles, Hagazi Gebre, Memiah, Peter T N, Memish, Ziad A, Mendoza, Walter, Menezes, Ritesh G, Mereta, Seid Tiku, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Metekiya, Workua Mekonnen, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Miller, Ted R, Mini, GK, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Moazen, Babak, Mohajer, Bahram, Mohammad, Yousef, Mohammad, Dara K., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser, Mohammadibakhsh, Roghayeh, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohammed, Jemal Abdu, Mohammed, Hassen, Mohebi, Farnam, Mokdad, Ali H, Moodley, Yoshan, Moradi, Masoud, Moradi, Ghobad, Moradi-Joo, Mohammad, Moraga, Paula, Morales, Linda, Mosapour, Abbas, Mosser, Jonathan F., Mouodi, Simin, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Mozaffor, Miliva, Munro, Sandra B, Muriithi, Moses K., Murray, Christopher J L, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Mustafa, Ghulam, Muthupandian, Saravanan, Naderi, Mehdi, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naik, Gurudatta, Nangia, Vinay, Nascimento, Bruno Ramos, Nazari, Javad, Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith, Negoi, Ionut, Netsere, Henok Biresaw, Ngunjiri, Josephine W., Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Nguyen, QuynhAnh P, Nigatu, Solomon Gedlu, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nnaji, Chukwudi A, Nojomi, Marzieh, Norheim, Ole F, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, Oancea, Bogdan, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Onwujekwe, Obinna E, Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V., Osarenotor, Osayomwanbo, Osei, Frank B, Owolabi, Mayowa O, P A, Mahesh, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao., Pakhale, Smita, Pana, Adrian, Park, Eun-Kee, Patel, Sangram Kishor, Pathak, Ashish, Patle, Ajay, Paulos, Kebreab, Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino, Perico, Norberto, Pervaiz, Aslam, Pescarini, Julia Moreira, Pesudovs, Konrad, Pham, Hai Quang, Pigott, David M, Pilgrim, Thomas, Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Poljak, Mario, Pollock, Ian, Postma, Maarten J, Pourmalek, Farshad, Pourshams, Akram, Prada, Sergio I, Preotescu, Liliana, Quintana, Hedley, Rabiee, Navid, Rabiee, Mohammad, Radfar, Amir, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahim, Fakher, Rahimi, Siavash, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rajati, Fatemeh, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rao, Puja C, Rasella, Davide, Rath, Goura Kishor, Rawaf, Salman, Rawal, Lal, Rawasia, Wasiq Faraz, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renjith, Vishnu, Renzaho, Andre M.N., Resnikoff, Serge, Riahi, Seyed Mohammad, Ribeiro, Ana Isabel, Rickard, Jennifer, Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Rubagotti, Enrico, Rubino, Salvatore, Saad, Anas M, Sabour, Siamak, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar, Safari, Yahya, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Sajadi, S. Mohammad, Salahshoor, Mohammad Reza, Salam, Nasir, Saleem, Ahsan, Salem, Hosni, Salem, Marwa Rashad, Salimi, Yahya, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan, Santos, Itamar S, Santric-Milicevic, Milena M., Sao Jose, Bruno Piassi, Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Sartorius, Benn, Sathian, Brijesh, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sawhney, Monika, Sayyah, Mehdi, Sbarra, Alyssa N, Schaeffer, Lauren E, Schwebel, David C, Senbeta, Anbissa Muleta, Senthilkumaran, Subramanian, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Serván-Mori, Edson, Shafieesabet, Azadeh, Shaheen, Amira A, Shahid, Izza, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shalash, Ali S, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Shamsi, MohammadBagher, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Shannawaz, Mohammed, Sharafi, Kiomars, Sharma, Rajesh, Sheikh, Aziz, Shetty, B Suresh Kumar, Shiferaw, Wondimeneh Shibabaw, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Jae Il, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shivakumar, K M, Si, Si, Siabani, Soraya, Siddiqi, Tariq Jamal, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Singh, Virendra, Singh, Narinder Pal, Singh, Balbir Bagicha Singh, Singh, Jasvinder A., Singh, Ambrish, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Sisay, Malede Mequanent, Skiadaresi, Eirini, Smith, David L, Soares Filho, Adauto Martins, Sobhiyeh, Mohammad Reza, Sokhan, Anton, Soriano, Joan B, Sorrie, Muluken Bekele, Soyiri, Ireneous N, Spurlock, Emma Elizabeth, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Sudaryanto, Agus, Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, Suleria, Hafiz Ansar Rasul, Sykes, Bryan L., Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabuchi, Takahiro, Tadesse, Degena Bahrey, Tarigan, Ingan Ukur, Taye, Bineyam, Tefera, Yonatal Mesfin, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Tekelemedhin, Shishay Wahdey, Tekle, Merhawi Gebremedhin, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Tesfay, Berhe Etsay, Tesfay, Fisaha Haile, Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, ThekkePurakkal, Akhil Soman, Thomas, Nihal, Thompson, Robert L, Thomson, Alan J, Topor-Madry, Roman, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Traini, Eugenio, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tran, Khanh Bao, Ullah, Irfan, Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran, Usman, Muhammad Shariq, Uthman, Olalekan A, Uzochukwu, Benjamin S. Chudi, Valdez, Pascual R, Varughese, Santosh, Veisani, Yousef, Violante, Francesco S, Vollmer, Sebastian, W/hawariat, Feleke Gebremeskel, Waheed, Yasir, Wallin, Mitchell Taylor, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Wang, Yafeng, Wangdi, Kinley, Weiss, Daniel J, Weldesamuel, Girmay Teklay, Werkneh, Adhena Ayaliew, Westerman, Ronny, Wiangkham, Taweewat, Wiens, Kirsten E, Wijeratne, Tissa, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wolde, Haileab Fekadu, Wondafrash, Dawit Zewdu, Wonde, Tewodros Eshete, Worku, Getasew Taddesse, Yadollahpour, Ali, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein, Yamada, Tomohide, Yaseri, Mehdi, Yatsuya, Hiroshi, Yeshaneh, Alex, Yilma, Mekdes Tigistu, Yip, Paul, Yisma, Engida, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yousof, Hebat-Allah Salah A, Yu, Chuanhua, Yusefzadeh, Hasan, Zadey, Siddhesh, Zahirian Moghadam, Telma, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamani, Mohammad, Zandian, Hamed, Zar, Heather J, Zerfu, Taddese Alemu, Zhang, Yunquan, Ziapour, Arash, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zuniga, Yves Miel H, Hay, Simon I, and Reiner, Robert C, Jr

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2020
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11. Mapping geographical inequalities in oral rehydration therapy coverage in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–17

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Wiens, Kirsten E, Lindstedt, Paulina A, Blacker, Brigette F, Johnson, Kimberly B, Baumann, Mathew M, Schaeffer, Lauren E, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Sr, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abegaz, Kedir Hussein, Abejie, Ayenew Negesse, Abreu, Lucas Guimarães, Abrigo, Michael R M, Abualhasan, Ahmed, Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou, Acharya, Dilaram, Adabi, Maryam, Adamu, Abdu A, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, Sr, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, Sr, Adhena, Beyene Meressa, Afarideh, Mohsen, Ahmad, Sohail, Ahmadi, Keivan, Ahmed, Anwar E, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Ahmed, Rushdia, Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Noore, Sr, Alam, Samiah, Alamene, Genet Melak, Alanzi, Turki M, Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth, Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Alipour, Vahid, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Almasi, Ali, Sr, Almasi-Hashiani, Amir, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M, Altirkawi, Khalid A, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J, Amini, Saeed, Sr, Amit, Arianna Maever L, Sr, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Sr, Anjomshoa, Mina, Anoushiravani, Amir, Sr, Ansari, Fereshteh, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Antony, Benny, Antriyandarti, Ernoiz, Arabloo, Jalal, Aref, Hany Mohamed Amin, Sr, Aremu, Olatunde, Armoon, Bahram, Arora, Amit, Sr, Aryal, Krishna K, Arzani, Afsaneh, Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran, Atalay, Hagos Tasew, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Sr, Athari, Seyyede Masoume, Atre, Sachin R, Ausloos, Marcel, Awoke, Nefsu, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayano, Getinet, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, Sr, Aynalem IV, Yared Asmare, Azari, Samad, Azzopardi, Peter S, Babaee, Ebrahim, Babalola, Tesleem Kayode, Badawi, Alaa, Sr, Bairwa, Mohan, Bakkannavar, Shankar M, Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar, Bali, Ayele Geleto, Banach, Maciej, Sr, Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar, Sr, Barac, Aleksandra, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Basaleem, Huda, Basu, Sanjay, Bay, Vo Dinh, Bayati, Mohsen, Baye, Estifanos, Bedi, Neeraj, Beheshti, Mahya Mahya Beheshti, Behzadifar, Masoud, Behzadifar, Meysam, Bekele, Bayu Begashaw, Belayneh, Yaschilal Muche, Bell, Michellr L, Sr, Bennett, Derrick A, Sr, Berbada, Dessalegn Ajema, Bernstein, Robert S, Bhat, Anusha Ganapati, Sr, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Sr, Bhattarai, Suraj, Bhaumik, Soumyadeep, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Boris, Birihane IV, Binyam Minuye, Biswas, Raaj Kishore, Bohlouli, Somayeh, Bojia I, Hunduma Amensisa Amensisa, Boufous, Soufiane, Brady, Oliver J, Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi, Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, Britton, Gabrielle B, Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath, Sr, Busse, Reinhard, Sr, Butt, Zahid A, Cámera, Luis LA Alberto, Sr, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, Sr, Cano, Jorge, Car, Josip, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carvalho, Felix, Sr, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Sr, Castro, Franz, Chanie, Wagaye Fentahun, Sr, Chatterjee, Pranab, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chichiabellu, Tesfaye Yitna Yitna, Jr, Chin, Ken Lee, Sr, Christopher, Devasahayam J, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Cormier, Natalie Maria, Costa, Vera Marisa, Culquichicon, Carlos, Daba, Matiwos Soboka, Damiani, Giovanni, Sr, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dang, Anh Kim, Darwesh, Aso Mohammad, Darwish, Amira Hamed, Daryani, Ahmad, Sr, Das, Jai K, Das Gupta, Rajat, Dash, Aditya Prasad, Davey, Gail, Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto, Davis, Adrian C, Sr, Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil, De la Hoz, Fernando Pio, Demis, Asmamaw Bizuneh, Demissie, Dereje Bayissa, Demissie, Getu Debalkie, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, Sr, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Sr, Deribe, Kebede, Sr, Desalew, Assefa, Deshpande, Aniruddha, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Dhillon, Preeti, Dhimal, Meghnath, Dhungana, Govinda Prasad, Diaz, Daniel, Sr, Dipeolu, Isaac Oluwafemi, Djalalinia, Shirin, Doyle, Kerrie E, Dubljanin, Eleonora, Duko, Bereket, Duraes, Andre Rodrigues, Ebrahimi Kalan, Mohammad, Edinur, Hisham Atan, Sr, Effiong, Andem, Sr, Eftekhari, Aziz, El Nahas, Nevine, El Sayed, Iman, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, El Tantawi, Maha, Elema I, Teshome Bekele, Elhabashy, Hala Rashad, Sr, El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I, Elkout, Hajer, Elsharkawy, Aisha, Elyazar, Iqbal RF, Endalamaw, Aklilu, Endalew, Daniel Adane, Sr, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esteghamati, Alireza, Esteghamati, Sadaf, Sr, Etemadi, Arash, Ezekannagha, Oluchi, Fareed, Mohammad, Faridnia, Roghiyeh, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fazlzadeh, Mehdi, Feigin, Valery L, Sr, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Foigt, Nataliya A, Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin, Sr, Foroutan, Masoud, Franklin, Richard Charles, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Gad, Mohamed M, Gayesa, Reta Tsegaye, Gebre, Teshome, Sr, Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork, Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn, Sr, Gesesew, Hailay Abrha, Gezae, Kebede Embaye, Ghadiri, Keyghobad, Sr, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Ghimire, Pramesh Raj, Sr, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Sr, Gill, Tiffany K, Ginindza, Themba G G, Gomes, Nelson G M, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goulart, Alessandra C, Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia, Grada, Ayman, Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Sr, Guido, Davide, Guimarães, Rafael Alves, Guo, Yuming, Sr, Gupta, Rajeev, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Haile, Dessalegn H, Sr, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, Hamadeh, Randah R, Hamidi, Samer, Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohannes, Haririan, Hamidreza, Sr, Hariyani, Ninuk, Hasaballah, Ahmed I, Hasan, Md Mehedi, Hasanpoor, Edris, Hasanzadeh, Amir, Hassankhani, Hadi, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Hegazy, Mohamed I, Heibati, Behzad, Heidari, Behnam, Hendrie, Delia, Sr, Henry, Nathaniel J, Herteliu, Claudiu, Heydarpour, Fatemeh, Hidru I, Hagos Degefa de, Hird, Thomas R, Hoang, Chi Linh, Homaie Rad, Enayatollah, Hoogar, Praveen, Hoseini, Mohammad, Hossain, Naznin, Hosseini, Mostafa, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Househ, Mowafa, Hsairi, Mohamed, Sr, Hu, Guoqing, Hussen, Mohammedaman Mama, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Igumbor, Ehimario U, Sr, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Milena D, Imani-Nasab, Mohammad Hasan, Iqbal, Usman, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Iwu, Chinwe Juliana, Izadi, Neda, Sr, Jaca, Anelisa, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jalali, Amir, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jha, Vivekanand, Ji, John S, Sr, Jonas, Jost B, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Kabir, Ali, Kabir, Zubair, Sr, Kahsay, Amaha, Kalani, Hamed, Kanchan, Tanuj, Karami Matin, Behzad, Karch, André, Karim, Mohd Anisul, Karimi-Sari, Hamidreza, Karki, Surendra, Kasaeian, Amir, Kasahun, Gebremicheal Gebreslassie, Kasahun, Yawukal chane, Kasaye, Habtamu Kebebe, Kassa, Gebrehiwot G, Kassa, Getachew Mullu, Kayode, Gbenga A, Kazemi Karyani, Ali, Kebede, Mihiretu M, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kelbore, Abraham Getachew, Sr, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Sr, Ketema, Daniel Bekele, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, Khalid, Nauman, Khalilov, Rovshan, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Sr, Khan, Junaid, Khan I, Md Nuruzzaman, Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb, Khatab, Khaled, Sr, Khater, Amir M, Khater, Mona M, Khayamzadeh, Maryam, Khazaei, Mohammad, Khazaei, Salman, Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kiadaliri, Ali, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kisa, Adnan, Kisa, Sezer, Kissoon, Niranjan, Sr, KMShivakumar, Shivakumar KM Marulasiddaiah M, Sr, Kochhar, Sonali, Kolola, Tufa, Sr, Komaki, Hamidreza, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Kraemer, Moritz U G, Krishan, Kewal, Kugbey, Nuworza, Kumar, G Anil, Kumar, Manasi, Sr, Kumar, Pushpendra, Kumar, Vivek, Kusuma, Dian, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lacey, Ben, Lad, Sheetal D, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lam, Felix, Lami, Faris Hasan, Sr, Lamichhane, Prabhat, Lansingh, Van Charles, Lasrado, Savita, Laxmaiah, Avula, Lee, Paul H, Sr, LeGrand, Kate E, Leili, Mostafa, Lenjebo, Tsegaye Lolaso, Leshargie, Cheru Tesema, Sr, Levine, Aubrey J, Li, Shanshan, Sr, Linn, Shai, Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Simin, Lodha, Rakesh, Longbottom, Joshua, Lopez, Jaifred Christian F, Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan, Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed, Mahadeshwara Prasad, D R, Mahasha, Phetole Walter, Sr, Mahotra, Narayan B, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Sr, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A, Sr, Manafi, Navid, Sr, Manda, Ana Laura, Manohar, Narendar Dawani Dawanu, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mapoma, Chabila Christopher, Maravilla, Joemer C, Martinez, Gabriel, Sr, Martini, Santi, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Masaka, Anthony, Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard, Mathur, Manu Raj, Mayala, Benjamin K, Mazidi, Mohsen, McAlinden, Colm, Meharie, Birhanu Geta, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Sr, Mehta, Kala M, Mekonnen, Tefera C Chane, Meles, Gebrekiros Gebremichael, Memiah, Peter T N, Memish, Ziad A, Sr, Mendoza, Walter, Menezes, Ritesh G, Mereta, Seid Tiku, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Sr, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Mihretie, Kebadnew Mulatu, Sr, Miller, Ted R, Mini, GK, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Moazen, Babak, Mohajer, Bahram, Mohamadi-Bolbanabad, Amjad, Mohammad, Dara K, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammad, Yousef, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser, Mohammadibakhsh, Roghayeh, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohammed, Jemal Abdu, Sr, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohebi, Farnam, Mokdad, Ali H, Molokhia, Mariam, Monasta, Lorenzo, Moodley, Yoshan, Sr, Moore, Catrin E, Sr, Moradi, Ghobad, Moradi, Masoud, Moradi-Joo, Mohammad, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moraga, Paula, Morales, Linda, Moreno Velásquez, Ilais, Mosapour, Abbas, Mouodi, Simin, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Mozaffor I, Miliva, Muchie, Kindie Fentahun, Sr, Mulaw, Getahun Fentaw, Sr, Munro, Sandra B, Muriithi, Moses K, Murray, Christopher J L, Murthy, GVS, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Mustafa, Ghulam, Sr, Muthupandian, Saravanan, Sr, Nabhan, Ashraf F, Naderi, Mehdi, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, Naidoo, Kovin S, Naik, Gurudatta, Najafi, Farid, Nangia, Vinay, Sr, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, Nascimento, Bruno Ramos, Sr, Nazari, Javad, Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith, Sr, Negoi, Ionut, Sr, Netsere, Henok Biresaw Netsere, Sr, Ngunjiri, Josephine W, Sr, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Nigatu, Dabere, Nigatu, Solomon Gedlu, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nnaji, Chukwudi A, Nojomi, Marzieh, Nong, Vuong Minh, Norheim, Ole F, Sr, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, Nouraei Motlagh, Soraya, Oancea, Bogdan, Ogah, Okechukwu Samuel, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olagunju, Tinuke O, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Onwujekwe, Obinna E, Sr, Oren, Eyal, Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V V, Sr, Osarenotor, Osayomwanbo, Osei, Frank B, Sr, Owolabi, Mayowa O, P A, Mahesh, Sr, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, Pakhale, Smita, Patel, Sangram Kishor, Paternina-Caicedo, Angel J, Sr, Pathak, Ashish, Sr, Patton, George C, Paudel, Deepak, Sr, Paulos, Kebreab, Sr, Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino, Pereira, Alexandre, Perico, Norberto, Pervaiz, Aslam, Pescarini, Julia Moreira, Piroozi, Bakhtiar, Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Postma, Maarten J, Pourjafar, Hadi, Pourmalek, Farshad, Sr, Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Prada, Sergio I, Sr, Prasad, Narayan, Preotescu, Liliana, Quintana, Hedley, Rabiee, Navid, Radfar, Amir, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahim, Fakher, Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rahman, SHAFIUR, Rajati, Fatemeh, Sr, Rana, Saleem Muhammad, Sr, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rasella, Davide, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Sr, Rawal, Lal, Rawasia, Wasiq Faraz, Renjith, Vishnu, Renzaho, Andre M N, Sr, Resnikoff, Serge, Sr, Reta, Melese Abate, Rezaei, Negar, Rezai, Mohammad sadegh, Riahi, Seyed Mohammad, Ribeiro, Ana Isabel, Rickard, Jennifer, Sr, Rios-Blancas, Maria, Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Roro, Elias Merdassa, Sr, Ross, Jennifer M, Rubagotti, Enrico, Rubino, Salvatore, Saad, Anas M, Sabde, Yogesh Damodar, Sabour, Siamak, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Sr, Safari, Yahya, Safari-Faramani, Roya, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Sajadi, S Mohammad, Salahshoor, Mohammad Reza, Salam, Nasir, Sr, Salamati, Payman, Salem, Hosni, Salem I, Marwa R Rashad, Salimi, Yahya, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan, Sr, Santric-Milicevic, Milena M, Sao Jose, Bruno Piassi, Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer, Sarkar, Kaushik, Sr, Sarker, Abdur Razzaque, Sarrafzadegan I, Nizal, Sartorius, Benn, Sathian, Brijesh, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, Sawhney, Monika, Saxena, Sonia, Sr, Schwebel, David C, Sr, Senbeta IV, Anbissa Muleta, Senthilkumaran, Subramanian, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Serván-Mori, Edson, Sr, Shabaninejad, Hosein, Shafieesabet, Azadeh, Sr, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shalash, Ali S, Sr, Shallo, Seifadin Ahmed, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Shamsi, MohammadBagher, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Shannawaz, Mohammed, Sharafi, Kiomars, Sharifi, Hamid, Shehata, Hatem Samir, Sr, Sheikh, Aziz, Shetty, B Suresh Kumar, Sr, Shibuya, Kenji, Sr, Shiferaw, Wondimeneh Shibabaw, Sr, Shifti, Desalegn Markos, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Jae Il, Shiri, Rahman, Sr, Shirkoohi, Reza, Siabani, Soraya, Siddiqi, Tariq Jamal, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Singh, Ambrish, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Narinder Pal, Singh, Virendra, Sisay, Malede Mequanent, Skiadaresi, Eirini, Sobhiyeh, Mohammad Reza, Sr, Sokhan, Anton, Soltani, Shahin, Somayaji, Ranjani, Soofi, Moslem, Sorrie, Muluken Bekele, Sr, Soyiri, Ireneous N, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Sudaryanto, Agus, Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, Sr, Suleria, Hafiz Ansar Rasul, Sultana, Marufa, Sunguya, Bruno Fokas, Sykes, Bryan L, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabuchi, Takahiro, Tadesse, Degena Bahrey, Jr, Tarigan, Ingan Ukur, Tasew, Aberash Abay, Tefera, Yonatal Mesfin, Sr, Tekle, Merhawi Gebremedhin, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Tesfay I, Berhe Etsay, Tesfay, Fisaha Haile Haile, Tessema, Belay, Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Thomas, Nihal, Toma, Alemayehu Toma, Sr, Topor-Madry, Roman, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto Roberto, Traini, Eugenio, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tran, Khanh Bao, Ullah, Irfan, Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran, Usman, Muhammad Shariq, Sr, Uzochukwu, Benjamin S Chudi, Sr, Valdez, Pascual R, Varughese, Santosh, Sr, Violante, Francesco S, Sr, Vollmer, Sebastian, Sr, W/hawariat, Feleke Gebremeskel, Sr, Waheed, Yasir, Wallin, Mitchell Taylor, Wang, Yafeng, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Weaver, Marcia, Weji, Bedilu Girma, Weldesamuel, Girmay Teklay, Welgan, Catherine A, Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Sr, Wiangkham, Taweewat, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Sr, Wolde, Haileab Fekadu, Sr, Wondafrash, Dawit Zewdu, Wonde, Tewodros Eshete, Sr, Worku, Getasew Taddesse, Sr, Wu, Ai-Min, Xu, Gelin, Yadollahpour, Ali, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein, Yamada, Tomohide, Sr, Yatsuya, Hiroshi, Yeshaneh, Alex, Yilgwan, Christopher Sabo, Yilma, Mekdes Tigistu, Yip, Paul, Sr, Yisma, Engida, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Sr, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yousefifard, Mahmoud, Yousof, Hebat-Allah Salah A, Yu, Chuanhua, Yusefzadeh, Hasan, Zadey, Siddhesh, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamani, Mohammad, Zandian, Hamed, Zepro, Nejimu Biza, Zerfu, Taddese Alemu, Zhang, Yunquan, Zhao, Xiu-Ju George, Ziapour, Arash, Zodpey, Sanjay, Sr, Zuniga, Yves Miel H, Hay, Simon I, and Reiner, Robert C, Jr

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2020
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13. The global, regional, and national burden of colorectal cancer and its attributable risk factors in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author

Safiri, Saeid, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Ikuta, Kevin S, Bisignano, Catherine, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, Delavari, Alireza, Ansari, Reza, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Merat, Shahin, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Force, Lisa M, Nixon, Molly R, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abegaz, Kedir Hussein, Afarideh, Mohsen, Ahmadi, Ayat, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Alahdab, Fares, Ali, Raghib, Alikhani, Mahtab, Alipour, Vahid, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Almadi, Majid Abdulrahman Hamad, Almasi-Hashiani, Amir, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amini, Saeed, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Arabloo, Jalal, Arefi, Zohreh, Asghari Jafarabadi, Mohammad, Azadmehr, Abbas, Badawi, Alaa, Baheiraei, Nafiseh, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Basaleem, Huda, Behzadifar, Masoud, Behzadifar, Meysam, Belayneh, Yaschilal Muche, Berhe, Kidanemaryam, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Biadgo, Belete, Bijani, Ali, Biondi, Antonio, Bjørge, Tone, Borzì, Antonio M, Bosetti, Cristina, Bou-Orm, Ibrahim R., Brenner, Hermann, Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, Carreras, Giulia, Carvalho, Félix, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Cerin, Ester, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Chido-Amajuoyi, Onyema Greg, Daryani, Ahmad, Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, Desai, Rupak, Dianati nasab, Mostafa, Eftekhari, Aziz, El Sayed, Iman, Elbarazi, Iffat, Emamian, Mohammad Hassan, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Esmaeilzadeh, Firooz, Esteghamati, Alireza, Etemadi, Arash, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Fernandes, João C, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Foroutan, Masoud, Gad, Mohamed M, Gallus, Silvano, Ghaseni-Kebria, Fatemeh, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Gorini, Giuseppe, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, Hasanpour-Heidari, Susan, Hasanzadeh, Amir, Hassanipour, Soheil, Hay, Simon I, Hoang, Chi Linh, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Househ, Mowafa, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Milena D., Innos, Kaire, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Islami, Farhad, Jaca, Anelisa, Jafari Balalami, Nader, Jafari delouei, Nastaran, Jafarinia, Morteza, Jahani, Mohammad Ali, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, James, Spencer L., Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jenabi, Ensiyeh, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Joukar, Farahnaz, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale, Kassaw, Mesfin Wudu, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khaksarian, Mojtaba, Khalilov, Rovshan, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khayamzadeh, Maryam, Khazaee-Pool, Maryam, Khazaei, Salman, Khosravi Shadmani, Fatemeh, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kim, Daniel, Kisa, Adnan, Kisa, Sezer, Kocarnik, Jonathan M, Komaki, Hamidreza, Kopec, Jacek A, Koyanagi, Ai, Kuipers, Ernst J., Kumar, Vivek, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lami, Faris Hasan, Lopez, Alan D, Lopukhov, Platon D, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Majeed, Azeem, Majidinia, Maryam, Manafi, Amir, Manafi, Navid, Manda, Ana-Laura, Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz, Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni, Mehta, Dhruv, Meier, Toni, Meles, Hagazi Gebre, Mendoza, Walter, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Mir, Seyed Mostafa, Mirzaei, Hamed, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammadoo-Khorasani, Milad, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohebi, Farnam, Mokdad, Ali H, Monasta, Lorenzo, Moossavi, Maryam, Moradi, Ghobad, Moradpour, Farhad, Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah, Nahvijou, Azin, Naik, Gurudatta, Najafi, Farid, Nazari, Javad, Negoi, Ionut, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olagunju, Tinuke O, Pana, Adrian, Pereira, David M., Pirestani, Majid, Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Qorbani, Mostafa, Rabiee, Mohammad, Rabiee, Navid, Radfar, Amir, Rahmati, Marveh, Rajati, Fatemeh, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Reiner, Robert C, Jr., Renzaho, Andre M N, Rezaei, Nima, Rezapour, Aziz, Saad, Anas M, Saadatagah, Seyedmohammad, Saddik, Basema, Salehi, Farkhonde, Salehi Zahabi, Saleh, Salz, Inbal, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan, Santric Milicevic, Milena M, Sarveazad, Arash, Satpathy, Maheswar, Schneider, Ione J C, Sekerija, Mario, Shaahmadi, Faramarz, Shabaninejad, Hosein, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Sharafi, Zeinab, Sharif, Mehdi, Sharifi, Amrollah, Sheikhbahaei, Sara, Shirkoohi, Reza, Siddappa Malleshappa, Sudeep K, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Sisay, Mekonnen, Smarandache, Catalin-Gabriel, Soofi, Moslem, Soreide, Kjetil, Soshnikov, Sergey, Starodubov, Vladimir I., Subart, Michelle L., Sullman, Mark JM, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Taherkhani, Amir, Tesfay, Berhe etsay, Topor-Madry, Roman, Traini, Eugenio, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tran, Khanh Bao, Ullah, Irfan, Uthman, Olalekan A, Vacante, Marco, Vahedian-Azimi, Amir, Valli, Alessandro, Varavikova, Elena, Vujcic, Isidora S, Westerman, Ronny, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid, Yisma, Engida, Yu, Chuanhua, Zadnik, Vesna, Zahirian Moghadam, Telma, Zaki, Leila, Zandian, Hamed, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, Murray, Christopher J L, Naghavi, Mohsen, and Malekzadeh, Reza

Published
2019
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15. Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author

Feigin, Valery L, Nichols, Emma, Alam, Tahiya, Bannick, Marlena S, Beghi, Ettore, Blake, Natacha, Culpepper, William J, Dorsey, E Ray, Elbaz, Alexis, Ellenbogen, Richard G, Fisher, James L, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Giussani, Giorgia, Glennie, Linda, James, Spencer L, Johnson, Catherine Owens, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Marin, Benoît, Mountjoy-Venning, W Cliff, Nguyen, Minh, Ofori-Asenso, Richard, Patel, Anoop P, Piccininni, Marco, Roth, Gregory A, Steiner, Timothy J, Stovner, Lars Jacob, Szoeke, Cassandra E I, Theadom, Alice, Vollset, Stein Emil, Wallin, Mitchell Taylor, Wright, Claire, Zunt, Joseph Raymond, Abbasi, Nooshin, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Aboyans, Victor, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, Acharya, Dilaram, Adamu, Abdu A, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood, Adsuar, Jose C, Afarideh, Mohsen, Agrawal, Sutapa, Ahmadi, Alireza, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Aichour, Ibtihel, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akseer, Nadia, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Al-Shahi Salman, Rustam, Alahdab, Fares, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Altirkawi, Khalid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Arabloo, Jalal, Aremu, Olatunde, Ärnlöv, Johan, Asayesh, Hamid, Asghar, Rana Jawad, Atalay, Hagos Tasew, Awasthi, Ashish, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayuk, Tambe B, Badawi, Alaa, Banach, Maciej, Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar, Barboza, Miguel A, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Baune, Bernhard T, Bedi, Neeraj, Behzadifar, Masoud, Behzadifar, Meysam, Béjot, Yannick, Bekele, Bayu Begashaw, Belachew, Abate Bekele, Bennett, Derrick A, Bensenor, Isabela M, Berhane, Adugnaw, Beuran, Mircea, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Biadgo, Belete, Bijani, Ali, Bililign, Nigus, Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat, Blazes, Christopher Kynrint, Brayne, Carol, Butt, Zahid A, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, Cantu-Brito, Carlos, Car, Mate, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan J, Carvalho, Félix, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Castro, Franz, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Cerin, Ester, Chaiah, Yazan, Chang, Jung-Chen, Chatziralli, Irini, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Christensen, Hanne, Christopher, Devasahayam J, Cooper, Cyrus, Cortesi, Paolo Angelo, Costa, Vera M, Criqui, Michael H, Crowe, Christopher Stephen, Damasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura, Daryani, Ahmad, De la Cruz-Góngora, Vanessa, De la Hoz, Fernando Pio, De Leo, Diego, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, Deribe, Kebede, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Diaz, Daniel, Dinberu, Mesfin Tadese, Djalalinia, Shirin, Doku, David Teye, Dubey, Manisha, Dubljanin, Eleonora, Duken, Eyasu Ejeta, Edvardsson, David, El-Khatib, Ziad, Endres, Matthias, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esteghamati, Alireza, Esteghamati, Sadaf, Farhadi, Farzaneh, Faro, Andre, Farzadfar, Farshad, Farzaei, Mohammad Hosein, Fatima, Batool, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Feyissa, Garumma Tolu, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Ganji, Morsaleh, Gankpe, Fortune Gbetoho, Garcia-Gordillo, Miguel A, Gebre, Abadi Kahsu, Gebremichael, Teklu Gebrehiwo, Gelaw, Belayneh K, Geleijnse, Johanna M, Geremew, Demeke, Gezae, Kebede Embaye, Ghasemi-Kasman, Maryam, Gidey, Mahari Y, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Gill, Tiffany K, Girma, Efrata Tufa, Gnedovskaya, Elena V, Goulart, Alessandra C, Grada, Ayman, Grosso, Giuseppe, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Haagsma, Juanita A, Hagos, Tekleberhan B, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, Hamadeh, Randah R, Hamidi, Samer, Hankey, Graeme J, Hao, Yuantao, Haro, Josep Maria, Hassankhani, Hadi, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hay, Simon I, Hegazy, Mohamed I, Heidari, Behnam, Henok, Andualem, Heydarpour, Fatemeh, Hoang, Chi Linh, Hole, Michael K, Homaie Rad, Enayatollah, Hosseini, Seyed Mostafa, Hu, Guoqing, Igumbor, Ehimario U, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jobanputra, Yash B, Jonas, Jost B, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jürisson, Mikk, Kahsay, Amaha, Kalani, Rizwan, Kalkonde, Yogeshwar, Kamil, Teshome Abegaz, Kanchan, Tanuj, Karami, Manoochehr, Karch, André, Karimi, Narges, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale, Kassa, Zemenu Yohannes, Kaul, Anil, Kefale, Adane Teshome, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, Khalil, Ibrahim A, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khang, Young-Ho, Khazaie, Habibolah, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar A, Kiirithio, Daniel N, Kim, Anthony S, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Young-Eun, Kim, Yun Jin, Kisa, Adnan, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Koyanagi, Ai, Krishnamurthi, Rita V, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kucuk Bicer, Burcu, Kumar, Manasi, Lacey, Ben, Lafranconi, Alessandra, Lansingh, Van C, Latifi, Arman, Leshargie, Cheru Tesema, Li, Shanshan, Liao, Yu, Linn, Shai, Lo, Warren David, Lopez, Jaifred Christian F, Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lucas, Robyn M, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Mackay, Mark T, Mahotra, Narayan Bahadur, Majdan, Marek, Majdzadeh, Reza, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Manafi, Navid, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni, März, Winfried, Mashamba-Thompson, Tivani Phosa, Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard, Mate, Kedar K V, McAlinden, Colm, McGrath, John J, Mehta, Varshil, Meier, Toni, Meles, Hagazi Gebre, Melese, Addisu, Memiah, Peter T N, Memish, Ziad A, Mendoza, Walter, Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese, Mengistu, Getnet, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Miller, Ted R, Mini, GK, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Moazen, Babak, Mohajer, Bahram, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser, Mohammadi, Moslem, Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani, Maryam, Mohammadibakhsh, Roghayeh, Mohammadnia-Afrouzi, Mousa, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohebi, Farnam, Mokdad, Ali H, Monasta, Lorenzo, Mondello, Stefania, Moodley, Yoshan, Moosazadeh, Mahmood, Moradi, Ghobad, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moradinazar, Mehdi, Moraga, Paula, Moreno Velásquez, Ilais, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Muhammed, Oumer Sada, Muruet, Walter, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Mustafa, Ghulam, Naderi, Mehdi, Nagel, Gabriele, Naheed, Aliya, Naik, Gurudatta, Najafi, Farid, Nangia, Vinay, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Newton, Charles Richard James, Ngunjiri, Josephine W, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Long Hoang, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nirayo, Yirga Legesse, Nixon, Molly R, Norrving, Bo, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, Nourollahpour Shiadeh, Malihe, Nyasulu, Peter S, Ogah, Okechukwu Samuel, Oh, In-Hwan, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olagunju, Tinuke O, Olivares, Pedro R, Onwujekwe, Obinna E, Oren, Eyal, Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo, PA, Mahesh, Pakpour, Amir H, Pan, Wen-Harn, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandian, Jeyaraj Durai, Patel, Sangram Kishor, Pereira, David M, Petzold, Max, Pillay, Julian David, Piradov, Michael A, Polanczyk, Guilherme V, Polinder, Suzanne, Postma, Maarten J, Poulton, Richie, Poustchi, Hossein, Prakash, Swayam, Prakash, V, Qorbani, Mostafa, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahim, Fakher, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rajati, Fatemeh, Ram, Usha, Ranta, Anna, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Reinig, Nickolas, Reis, Cesar, Renzaho, Andre M N, Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaeian, Shahab, Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh, Rios González, Carlos Miguel, Roberts, Nicholas L S, Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Roro, Elias Merdassa, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rostami, Ali, Sabbagh, Parisa, Sacco, Ralph L, Sachdev, Perminder S, Saddik, Basema, Safari, Hosein, Safari-Faramani, Roya, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahathevan, Ramesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Salamati, Payman, Salehi Zahabi, Saleh, Salimi, Yahya, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan, Santos, Itamar S, Santric Milicevic, Milena M, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Sartorius, Benn, Sarvi, Shahabeddin, Sathian, Brijesh, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sawant, Arundhati R, Sawhney, Monika, Schneider, Ione J C, Schöttker, Ben, Schwebel, David C, Seedat, Soraya, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Shabaninejad, Hosein, Shafieesabet, Azadeh, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shakir, Raad A, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Sharif, Mehdi, Sharif-Alhoseini, Mahdi, She, Jun, Sheikh, Aziz, Sheth, Kevin N, Shigematsu, Mika, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shiue, Ivy, Siabani, Soraya, Siddiqi, Tariq J, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig, Silberberg, Donald H, Silva, João Pedro, Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves, Singh, Jasvinder A, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Skiadaresi, Eirini, Smith, Mari, Sobaih, Badr Hasan, Sobhani, Soheila, Soofi, Moslem, Soyiri, Ireneous N, Sposato, Luciano A, Stein, Dan J, Stein, Murray B, Stokes, Mark A, Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, Sykes, Bryan L, Sylaja, PN, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Te Ao, Braden James, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Temsah, Omar, Thakur, Jarnail Singh, Thrift, Amanda G, Topor-Madry, Roman, Tortajada-Girbés, Miguel, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tran, Khanh Bao, Truelsen, Thomas Clement, Tsadik, Afewerki Gebremeskel, Tudor Car, Lorainne, Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna, Ullah, Irfan, Usman, Muhammad Shariq, Uthman, Olalekan A, Valdez, Pascual R, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Vasanthan, Rajagopalan, Veisani, Yousef, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Violante, Francesco S, Vlassov, Vasily, Vosoughi, Kia, Vu, Giang Thu, Vujcic, Isidora S, Wagnew, Fasil Shiferaw, Waheed, Yasir, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weiss, Jordan, Whiteford, Harvey A, Wijeratne, Tissa, Winkler, Andrea Sylvia, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wolfe, Charles D A, Xu, Gelin, Yadollahpour, Ali, Yamada, Tomohide, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Yatsuya, Hiroshi, Yimer, Ebrahim M, Yip, Paul, Yisma, Engida, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yousefifard, Mahmoud, Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamani, Mohammad, Zandian, Hamed, Zare, Zohreh, Zhang, Yunquan, Zodpey, Sanjay, Naghavi, Mohsen, Murray, Christopher J L, and Vos, Theo

Published
2019
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16. Global, regional, and national burden of traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author

James, Spencer L, Theadom, Alice, Ellenbogen, Richard G, Bannick, Marlena S, Montjoy-Venning, Wcliff, Lucchesi, Lydia R, Abbasi, Nooshin, Abdulkader, Rizwan, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, Adsuar, Jose C, Afarideh, Mohsen, Agrawal, Sutapa, Ahmadi, Alireza, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Aichour, Ibtihel, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akseer, Nadia, Alahdab, Fares, Alebel, Animut, Alghnam, Suliman A, Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansari, Hossein, Ansha, Mustafa Geleto, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, Ariani, Filippo, Asefa, Nigus Gebremedhin, Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal, Atique, Suleman, Awasthi, Ashish, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayuk, Tambe B, Azzopardi, Peter S, Badali, Hamid, Badawi, Alaa, Balalla, Shivanthi, Banstola, Amrit, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Bedi, Neeraj, Behzadifar, Masoud, Behzadifar, Meysam, Bekele, Bayu Begashaw, Belachew, Abate Bekele, Belay, Yihalem Abebe, Bennett, Derrick A, Bensenor, Isabela M, Berhane, Adugnaw, Beuran, Mircea, Bhalla, Ashish, Bhaumik, Soumyadeeep, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Biadgo, Belete, Biffino, Marco, Bijani, Ali, Bililign, Nigus, Birungi, Charles, Boufous, Soufiane, Brazinova, Alexandra, Brown, Allen W, Car, Mate, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan J, Carvalho, Félix, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Chaiah, Yazan, Champs, Ana Paula, Chang, Jung-Chen, Choi, Jee-Young J, Christopher, Devasahayam J, Cooper, Cyrus, Crowe, Christopher Stephen, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Daryani, Ahmad, Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil, Degefa, Meaza Girma, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, Deribe, Kebede, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Huyen Phuc, Doku, David Teye, Drake, Thomas M, Dubey, Manisha, Dubljanin, Eleonora, El-Khatib, Ziad, Ofori-Asenso, Richard, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esteghamati, Alireza, Esteghamati, Sadaf, Faro, Andre, Farzadfar, Farshad, Farzaei, Mohammad Hosein, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Feyissa, Garumma Tolu, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Ganji, Morasaleh, Gankpe, Fortune Gbetoho, Gebre, Abadi Kahsu, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gezae, Kebede Embaye, Gopalkrishna, Gururaj, Goulart, Alessandra C, Haagsma, Juanita A, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, Hamadeh, Randah R, Hamidi, Samer, Haro, Josep Maria, Hassankhani, Hadi, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hawley, Caitlin, Hay, Simon I, Hegazy, Mohamed I, Hendrie, Delia, Henok, Andualem, Hibstu, Desalegn Tsegaw, Hoffman, Howard J, Hole, Michael K, Homaie Rad, Enayatollah, Hosseini, Seyed Mostafa, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hu, Guoqing, Hussen, Mamusha Aman, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jayaraman, Sudha, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jonas, Jost B, Jones, Kelly M, Jorjoran Shushtari, Zahra, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Ali, Kahsay, Amaha, Kahssay, Molla, Kalani, Rizwan, Karch, André, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassa, Getachew Mullu, Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale, Kassa, Zemenu Yohannes, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, Khalid, Nauman, Khalil, Ibrahim, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb, Khang, Young-Ho, Khazaie, Habibolah, Khoja, Abdullah T, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar A, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Young-Eun, Kisa, Adnan, Koyanagi, Ai, Krohn, Kristopher J, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kucuk Bicer, Burcu, Kumar, G Anil, Kumar, Manasi, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lami, Faris Hasan, Lansingh, Van C, Laryea, Dennis Odai, Latifi, Arman, Leshargie, Cheru Tesema, Levi, Miriam, Li, Shanshan, Liben, Misgan Legesse, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Mahotra, Narayan Bahadur, Majdan, Marek, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Manda, Ana-Laura, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard, Mate, Kedar K V, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mehta, Varshil, Meles, Hagazi, Melese, Addisu, Memiah, Peter T N, Mendoza, Walter, Mengistu, Getnet, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Miller, Ted R, Mini, GK, Mirica, Andreea, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Moazen, Babak, Mohammadi, Moslem, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mokdad, Ali H, Molokhia, Mariam, Monasta, Lorenzo, Mondello, Stefania, Moosazadeh, Mahmood, Moradi, Ghobad, Moradi, Mahmoudreza, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moradinazar, Mehdi, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Moschos, Marilita M, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Murthy, Srinivas, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Mustafa, Ghulam, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naik, Gurudatta, Najafi, Farid, Nangia, Vinay, Nascimento, Bruno Ramos, Negoi, Ionut, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Nichols, Emma, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nirayo, Yirga Legesse, Nyasulu, Peter S, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Okoro, Anselm, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olagunju, Tinuke O, Olivares, Pedro R, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo, P A, Mahesh, Pakhale, Smita, Pandey, Achyut Raj, Pesudovs, Konrad, Pinilla-Monsalve, Gabriel D, Polinder, Suzanne, Poustchi, Hossein, Prakash, Swayam, Qorbani, Mostafa, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajati, Fatemeh, Ram, Usha, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Reiner, Robert C, Reis, Cesar, Renzaho, Andre M N, Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Satar, Rezaeian, Shahab, Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roy, Nobhojit, Ruhago, George Mugambage, Saddik, Basema, Safari, Hosein, Safiri, Saeid, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Salamati, Payman, Saldanha, Raphael de Freitas, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan, Santos, João Vasco, Santric Milicevic, Milena M M, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savuon, Kim, Schneider, Ione J C, Schwebel, David C, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Shabaninejad, Hosein, Shaikh, Masood A Ali, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Sharif, Mehdi, Sharif-Alhoseini, Mahdi, Shariful Islam, Sheikh Mohammed, She, Jun, Sheikh, Aziz, Shen, Jiabin, Sheth, Kevin N, Shibuya, Kenji, Shiferaw, Mekonnen Sisay, Shigematsu, Mika, Shiri, Rahman, Shiue, Ivy, Shoman, Haitham, Siabani, Soraya, Siddiqi, Tariq J, Silva, João Pedro, Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Smith, Mari, Soares Filho, Adauto Martins, Sobhani, Soheila, Soofi, Moslem, Soriano, Joan B, Soyiri, Ireneous N, Stein, Dan J, Stokes, Mark A, Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, Sunguya, Bruno F, Sunshine, Jacob E, Sykes, Bryan L, Szoeke, Cassandra E I, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Te Ao, Braden James, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Tekle, Merhawi Gebremedhin, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Temsah, Omar, Topor-Madry, Roman, Tortajada-Girbés, Miguel, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tran, Khanh Bao, Tudor Car, Lorainne, Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna, Ullah, Irfan, Usman, Muhammad Shariq, Uthman, Olalekan A, Valdez, Pascual R, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Violante, Francesco S, Wagnew, Fasil Wagnew Shiferaw, Waheed, Yasir, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Weldegwergs, Kidu Gidey, Werdecker, Andrea, Wijeratne, Tissa, Winkler, Andrea Sylvia, Wyper, Grant M A, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Yasin, Yasin Jemal, Ye, Pengpeng, Yimer, Ebrahim M, Yip, Paul, Yisma, Engida, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Yost, Michael G, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yousefifard, Mahmoud, Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamani, Mohammad, Zenebe, Zerihun Menlkalew, Zodpey, Sanjay, Feigin, Valery L, Vos, Theo, and Murray, Christopher J L

Published
2019
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17. Global, regional, and national burden of tuberculosis, 1990–2016: results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2016 Study

Author

Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe, Maddison, Emilie R, Henry, Nathaniel J, Ledesma, Jorge R, Wiens, Kirsten E, Reiner, Robert, Jr, Biehl, Molly H, Shields, Chloe, Osgood-Zimmerman, Aaron, Ross, Jennifer M, Carter, Austin, Frank, Tahvi D, Wang, Haidong, Srinivasan, Vinay, Agarwal, Sanjay Kumar, Alahdab, Fares, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Andrews, Jason R, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Atique, Suleman, Atre, Sachin R, Awasthi, Ashish, Ayele, Henok Tadesse, Badali, Hamid, Badawi, Alaa, Barac, Aleksandra, Bedi, Neeraj, Behzadifar, Masoud, Behzadifar, Meysam, Bekele, Bayu Begashaw, Belay, Saba Abraham, Bensenor, Isabela M, Butt, Zahid A, Carvalho, Félix, Cercy, Kelly, Christopher, Devasahayam J, Daba, Alemneh Kabeta, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Daryani, Ahmad, Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen, Deribe, Kebede, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Doku, David Teye, Dubey, Manisha, Edessa, Dumessa, El-Khatib, Ziad, Enany, Shymaa, Fernandes, Eduarda, Fischer, Florian, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L, Gebre, Abadi Kahsu, Gebregergs, Gebremedhin Berhe, Gebremichael, Teklu Gebrehiwo, Gelano, Tilayie Feto, Geremew, Demeke, Gona, Philimon N, Goodridge, Amador, Gupta, Rahul, Haghparast Bidgoli, Hassan, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Hedayati, Mohammad T. Tadesse, Henok, Andualem, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hussen, Mamusha Aman, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Johnson, Sarah C, Jonas, Jost B., Kahsay, Amaha, Kant, Surya, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, Khalil, Ibrahim, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khang, Young-Ho, Kim, Yun Jin, Kochhar, Sonali, Koyanagi, Ai, Krohn, Kristopher J, Kumar, G Anil, Lakew, Ayenew Molla, Leshargie, Cheru Tesema, Lodha, Rakesh, Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King, Majdzadeh, Reza, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Melese, Addisu, Memish, Ziad A, Mendoza, Walter, Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese, Mengistu, Getnet, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Moazen, Babak, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mokdad, Ali H, Moosazadeh, Mahmood, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Mustafa, Ghulam, Nachega, Jean B, Nguyen, Long Hoang, Nguyen, Son Hoang, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nirayo, Yirga Legesse, Nong, Vuong Minh, Ofori-Asenso, Richard, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olagunju, Andrew T, Oren, Eyal, Pereira, David M., Prakash, Swayam, Qorbani, Mostafa, Rafay, Anwar, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Ram, Usha, Rubino, Salvatore, Safiri, Saeid, Salomon, Joshua A, Samy, Abdallah M., Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Seyedmousavi, Seyedmojtaba, Sharif, Mehdi, Silva, João Pedro, Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves, Singh, Jasvinder A, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tsadik, Afewerki Gebremeskel, Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna, Ullah, Irfan, Uthman, Olalekan A, Vlassov, Vasily, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vu, Giang, Weldegebreal, Fitsum, Werdecker, Andrea, Yimer, Ebrahim M, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yotebieng, Marcel, Naghavi, Mohsen, Vos, Theo, Hay, Simon I, and Murray, Christopher J L

Published
2018
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18. Health Technology Assessment: A Practical Tool for Advancing Equity in Universal Health Coverage.

Author

Behzadifar, Meysam, Yarahmadi, Mohammad, Saran, Maryam, and Behzadifar, Masoud

Subjects
*MEDICAL technology, *TECHNOLOGY assessment, *HEALTH equity, *OLDER women, *RESOURCE allocation
Abstract

Background: Health technology assessment (HTA) plays a crucial role in enhancing equity within universal health coverage (UHC) by making sure that health technologies are accessible, effective, and affordable for all groups, including those historically underserved. HTA informs policy-making concerning the adoption and prioritization of health technologies to fulfill the needs of the populace, particularly those afflicted with rare ailments and those residing in low- and middle-income nations. Through assessing both the clinical and costeffectiveness of health technologies, HTA identifies the most appropriate options for the needs of the community, thereby facilitating a fairer allocation of resources. Furthermore, HTA ensures the development and evaluation of health technologies are conducted impartially, incorporating the viewpoints and necessities of at-risk groups such as women, children, and the elderly. HTA is instrumental in mitigating healthcare disparities by pinpointing and tackling the elements that hinder equal access to health technologies. For instance, it evaluates the availability and accessibility of health technologies across various regions and demographic groups, identifies obstacles to access, and formulates recommendations to overcome these challenges. HTA is vital in advancing equity in UHC, ensuring that health technologies meet the accessibility, effectiveness, and affordability needs of all, particularly marginalized groups. By addressing healthcare disparities and considering the perspectives of vulnerable populations, HTA promotes transparency and accountability in decision-making and suggests ways to rectify inequities in access to health technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024

19. Estimates of the global, regional, and national morbidity, mortality, and aetiologies of lower respiratory infections in 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author

Troeger, Christopher, Blacker, Brigette, Khalil, Ibrahim A, Rao, Puja C, Cao, Jackie, Zimsen, Stephanie R M, Albertson, Samuel B, Deshpande, Aniruddha, Farag, Tamer, Abebe, Zegeye, Adetifa, Ifedayo Morayo O, Adhikari, Tara Ballav, Akibu, Mohammed, Al Lami, Faris Hasan, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Amoako, Yaw Ampem, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Aremu, Olatunde, Asfaw, Ephrem Tsegay, Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal, Atey, Tesfay Mehari, Attia, Engi Farouk, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G Arthur, Ayele, Henok Tadesse, Ayuk, Tambe Betrand, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Barac, Aleksandra, Bassat, Quique, Behzadifar, Masoud, Behzadifar, Meysam, Bhaumik, Soumyadeep, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Bijani, Ali, Brauer, Michael, Brown, Alexandria, Camargos, Paulo A M, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Colombara, Danny, Conti, Sara, Dadi, Abel Fekadu, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Do, Huyen Phuc, Dubljanin, Eleonora, Edessa, Dumessa, Elkout, Hajer, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Fijabi, Daniel Obadare, Foreman, Kyle J, Forouzanfar, Mohammad H, Fullman, Nancy, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L, Gessner, Bradford D, Gething, Peter W, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Tarun, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Hedayati, Mohammad T, Heidari, Mohsen, Hibstu, Desalegn Tsegaw, Horita, Nobuyuki, Ilesanmi, Olayinka S, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B, Jamal, Amr A, Kahsay, Amaha, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassa, Dessalegn Haile, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Md Nuruzzaman, Khang, Young-Ho, Kim, Yun Jin, Kissoon, Niranjan, Knibbs, Luke D, Kochhar, Sonali, Koul, Parvaiz A, Kumar, G Anil, Lodha, Rakesh, Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mathew, Joseph L, Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese, Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammed, Mohammed A, Momeniha, Fatemeh, Murthy, Srinivas, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nielsen, Katie R, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nirayo, Yirga Legesse, Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Justin R, PA, Mahesh, Postma, Maarten J, Qorbani, Mostafa, Quansah, Reginald, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rana, Saleem M, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Ray, Sarah E, Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh, Ruhago, George Mugambage, Safiri, Saeid, Salomon, Joshua A, Sartorius, Benn, Savic, Miloje, Sawhney, Monika, She, Jun, Sheikh, Aziz, Shiferaw, Mekonnen Sisay, Shigematsu, Mika, Singh, Jasvinder A, Somayaji, Ranjani, Stanaway, Jeffrey D, Sufiyan, Muawiyyah Babale, Taffere, Getachew Redae, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Thompson, Matthew J, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Topor-Madry, Roman, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tran, Tung Thanh, Tuem, Kald Beshir, Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna, Vollset, Stein Emil, Walson, Judd L, Weldegebreal, Fitsum, Werdecker, Andrea, West, T Eoin, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zhou, Lei, Zodpey, Sanjay, Vos, Theo, Naghavi, Mohsen, Lim, Stephen S, Mokdad, Ali H, Murray, Christopher J L, Hay, Simon I, and Reiner, Robert C, Jr

Published
2018
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28. Overuse of computed tomography for mild head injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author

Saran, Maryam, Arab-Zozani, Morteza, Behzadifar, Meysam, Gholami, Mehrdad, Azari, Samad, Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi, and Behzadifar, Masoud

Subjects
HEAD injuries, COMPUTED tomography, GLASGOW Coma Scale, RANDOM effects model, PEDIATRIC emergencies, RADIATION exposure
Abstract

Background: Computed tomography (CT) scan is a common imaging technique used to evaluate the severity of a head injury. The overuse of diagnostic interventions in the health system is a growing concern worldwide. Objectives: The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the rate of CT scan overuse in cases of mild head injury. Methods: Eligibility criteria: We encompassed observational studies—either designed as cohort, case-control, or cross-sectional investigations—that reported on CT scan overuse rates for mild head injuries. Studies had to be published in peer-reviewed, English-language sources and provide full content access Information sources: Web of Sciences, Scopus, Medline via PubMed, the Cochrane Library and Embase were searched from inception until April 1, 2023. Studies were included if reporting the overuse of CT scans for mild head injuries using validated criteria. Risk of bias: We used the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies ‐ of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool to evaluate the risk bias assessment of included studies. Two independent reviewers evaluated the eligibility of studies, extracted data, and assessed study quality by using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Synthesis of results: Overuse estimates were calculated using a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses were performed to investigate any sources of heterogeneity. Point rate of overuse of CT scans for mild head injuries was the main outcome measured as percentage point estimates with corresponding 95% CIs. Results: Included studies: Of the 913 potentially relevant studies identified, eight studies were selected for the final analysis. Synthesis of results: The pooled rate of CT scan overuse in patients with mild head injury was found to be 27% [95% CI: 16–43; I2 = 99%]. The rate of CT scan overuse in mild head injury cases varied depending on the criteria used. The rate of CT scan overuse was 37% [95% CI: 32–42; I2 = 0%] with the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), 30% [95% CI: 16–49; I2 = 99%] with the Canadian computed tomography head rule, and 10% [95% CI: 8–14; I2 = 0%] with the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network criterion (PERCAN). Based on subgroup analyses, the rate of CT scan overuse in mild head injury cases was observed to be 30% with the Canadian computed tomography head rule criterion, 43% with the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence criterion, and 18% with the New Orleans criterion. Conclusion: Limitations of evidence: The restricted number of included studies may impact generalizability. High heterogeneity was observed, leading to subgroup analyses based on age, assessment criteria, and study region. Absent data on overuse causes hinders drawing conclusions on contributing factors. Furthermore, this study solely addressed overuse rates, not associated harm or benefits. Interpretation: The overuse of CT scans in mild head injury patients is concerning, as it can result in unnecessary radiation exposure and higher healthcare costs. Clinicians and policymakers should prioritize the implementation of guidelines to reduce unnecessary radiation exposure, healthcare costs, and potential harm to patients. Trial registration: The study protocol of this review was registered in PROSPERO under the identification code CRD42023416080. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023416080. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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31. 'Hepatitis B vaccination' in Iran: historical and ethical policies and programs

Author

Behzadifar, Masoud, Behzadifar, Meysam, Azari, Samad, Shirkhani, Somayeh, Gholamrezaei, Shirin, Shahabi, Saeed, Doshmangir, Leila, Ehsanzadeh, Seyed Jafar, Martini, Mariano, and Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi

Subjects
Health policy, Hepatitis B Virus, Vaccine, Iran, historical and ethical policies and programs
Abstract

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a main challenge of the health system worldwide. Health policymakers in most countries attempt to help HBV patients by implementing support programs in addition to controlling HBV in their community so that the economic burden caused by HBV do not deprive the patients of accessing health services and reducing their quality of life. The purpose of this study is to review the nature of HBV, its epidemiology in Iran and worldwide, and to review the various policies and programs in Iran regarding the prevention and control of HBV, especially the use of vaccination. One of the goals of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is to consider hepatitis as a threat to human health. In this regard, one of the top priorities of WHO is the prevention and control of HBV. In connection with the prevention of HBV, it is claimed that vaccination is the most effective and best intervention. Thus, vaccination in the safe’s program of countries is highly recommended. According to the Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME) reports, Iran has the lowest prevalence of HBV among the countries in Eastern Mediterranean Region Organization (EMRO). There is a hepatitis unit in MOHME whose responsibility is to coordinate and implement the hepatitis prevention and control programs. The HBV vaccine has been officially included in the vaccination program for children in Iran since 1993, and three doses of the vaccine are given to all infants. In 2007, during a large-scale program in Iran, 17-year-olds received the HBV vaccine, followed by adolescents born in 1990 and 1991. In recent years, the health system in Iran has made significant progress in preventing and controlling HBV. Over 95% coverage of the HBV vaccination is one of the achievements that have had a great impact on reducing the trend of HBV infection. In order to achieve the 2030 goals, the Iranian government, in addition to paying more attention to HBV elimination programs, should encourage other organizations to cooperate more effectively with MOHME., Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, Vol. 63 No. 4 (2022): Vol. 63 No. 4 (2022)

Published
2023
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32. Hepatitis B vaccination in Iran: Historical policies and programs

Author

BEHZADIFAR, MEYSAM, AZARI, SAMAD, SHIRKHANI, SOMAYEH, GHOLAMREZAEI, SHIRIN, SHAHABI, SAEED, DOSHMANGIR, LEILA, EHSANZADEH, SEYED JAFAR, MARTINI, MARIANO, BRAGAZZI, NICOLA LUIGI, and BEHZADIFAR, MASOUD

Subjects
Health Promotion/History of Medicine and Ethics
Abstract

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a main challenge of the health system worldwide. Health policymakers in most countries attempt to help HBV patients by implementing support programs in addition to controlling HBV in their community so that the economic burden caused by HBV do not deprive the patients of accessing health services and reducing their quality of life. There are several health interventions for the prevention and control of HBV. Providing the first dose of the HBV vaccine within 24 hours after the infant is born is the most cost-effective way to prevent and control HBV. The purpose of this study is to review the nature of HBV, its epidemiology in Iran and worldwide, and to review the various policies and programs in Iran regarding the prevention and control of HBV, especially the use of vaccination. One of the goals of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is to consider hepatitis as a threat to human health. In this regard, one of the top priorities of WHO is the prevention and control of HBV. In connection with the prevention of HBV, it is claimed that vaccination is the most effective and best intervention. Thus, vaccination in the safe’s program of countries is highly recommended. According to the Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME) reports, Iran has the lowest prevalence of HBV among the countries in Eastern Mediterranean Region Organization (EMRO). There is a hepatitis unit in MOHME whose responsibility is to coordinate and implement the hepatitis prevention and control programs. The HBV vaccine has been officially included in the vaccination program for children in Iran since 1993, and three doses of the vaccine are given to all infants. In 2007, during a large-scale program in Iran, 17-year-olds received the HBV vaccine, followed by adolescents born in 1990 and 1991. In recent years, the health system in Iran has made significant progress in preventing and controlling HBV. Over 95% coverage of the HBV vaccination is one of the achievements that have had a great impact on reducing the trend of HBV infection. In order to achieve the 2030 goals, the Iranian government, in addition to paying more attention to HBV elimination programs, should encourage other organizations to cooperate more effectively with MOHME.

Published
2022

34. The efficacy of Crocus sativus (Saffron) versus placebo and Fluoxetine in treating depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Khaksarian,Mojtaba, Behzadifar,Masoud, Behzadifar,Meysam, Alipour,Maryam, Jahanpanah,Firouzeh, Re,Tania Simona, Firenzuoli,Fabio, Zerbetto,Riccardo, and Bragazzi,Nicola Luigi

Subjects
meta-analysis, Saffron, systematic review, Psychology Research and Behavior Management, Fluoxetine, depression, Original Research
Abstract

Mojtaba Khaksarian,1,2 Masoud Behzadifar,1 Meysam Behzadifar,3,4 Maryam Alipour,5 Firouzeh Jahanpanah,3 Tania Simona Re,6–8 Fabio Firenzuoli,6 Riccardo Zerbetto,7 Nicola Luigi Bragazzi7–101Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran; 2Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran; 3Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran; 4Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran; 5Faculty of Biological Science & Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 6Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center for Integrative Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; 7Centro Studi Terapia della Gestalt (CSTG), Milan, Italy; 8UNESCO Chair “Health Anthropology Biosphere and Healing Systems”, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; 9Postgraduate School of Public Health, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; 10Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, and Maternal/Child Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, ItalyBackground: Depression represents a serious public health concern, imposing a high burden, both in epidemiological and clinical terms. Crocus sativus (Saffron) is a herbal remedy that has anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet properties. However, the exact mechanisms of Saffron in treating depression are not yet clear. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of Saffron versus placebo and Fluoxetine in the treatment of depressed patients.Methods: Different bibliographic thesauri, namely the Cochrane Library, Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD), EMBASE, and ISI/Web of Science (WoS) were searched up to May 2018. Effect sizes were computed as Standardized Mean Differences (SMD) with their 95% confidence interval (CI). To evaluate the heterogeneity among the studies, I2, test was carried out.Results: Eight studies were included. The SMD was −0.86 (95% CI: −1.73 to 0.00) concerning the comparison of Saffron with placebo. The SMD was found to be 0.11 (95% CI: −0.20 to 0.43) concerning the comparison of Saffron with Fluoxetine. In both sensitivity analyses, the results did not statistically change, confirming the stability of the findings.Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that Saffron administration was well comparable with Fluoxetine and placebo.Keywords: systematic review, meta-analysis, Saffron, Fluoxetine, depression

Published
2019

35. Assessing Iran’s health system according to the COVID-19 strategic preparedness and response plan of the World Health Organization: health policy and historical implications

Author

GHANBARI, MAHBOUBEH KHATON, BEHZADIFAR, MASOUD, BAKHTIARI, AHAD, BEHZADIFAR, MEYSAM, AZARI, SAMAD, ABOLGHASEM GORJI, HASAN, SHAHABI, SAEED, MARTINI, MARIANO, and BRAGAZZI, NICOLA LUIGI

Subjects
Community Health Workers, Infection Control, 0303 health sciences, 030306 microbiology, Health Policy, Prepardness and response to pandemic, Health Plan Implementation, COVID-19, Disaster Planning, Iran, World Health Organization, Disease Outbreaks, 03 medical and health sciences, Research Design, Humans, Original Article, Public Health, Qualitative study, Delivery of Health Care
Abstract

Background: The role of health systems in the management of disasters including natural hazards like outbreaks and pandemics, is crucial and vital. Healthcare systems which are unprepared to properly deal with crises are much more likely to expose their public health workers and health personnel to harm and will not be able to deliver healthcare provisions in critical situations. This can lead to a drammatic toll of deaths, even in developed countries. The possible occurrence of global crises has prompted the WHO to devise instruments, guidelines and tools to assess the capacity of countries to deal with disasters. Iran’s health system has been hit hardly by the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we aimed to assess its preparedness and response to the outbreak. Methods: The present investigation was designed as a qualitative study. We utilized the “COVID-19 Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan” devised by WHO as a conceptual framework. Results: The dimension/pillars which scored the highest was national laboratories, followed by surveillance, rapid response teams and case investigations. Risk communication and community engagement was another pillar receiving a high score, followed by infection prevention and control and by country-level coordination, planning and monitoring. The pillar/dimensions receiving the lowest scores were operational support and logistics; case management; and points of entry. Discussion: The COVID-19 pandemic has represented an unprecedent event that has challenged healthcare systems and facilities worldwide, highlighting their weaknesses and the need for inter-sectoral cooperation and collaboration during the crisis. Analyzing these experiences and capitalizing on them, by strengthening them,will help countries to be more prepared to face opossible future crises., Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, Vol. 61 No. 4 (2020): 2020614

Published
2020
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36. Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017

Author

Kinyoki, Damaris K., Ross, Jennifer M., Lazzar-Atwood, Alice, Munro, Sandra B., Schaeffer, Lauren E., Abbasalizad-Farhangi, Mahdieh, Abbasi, Masoumeh, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdoli, Amir, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, Abebe, Nebiyu Dereje, Abebo, Teshome Abuka, Abegaz, Kedir Hussein, Abolhassani, Hassan, Abreu, Lucas Guimarães, Abrigo, Michael R. M., Abushouk, Abdelrahman I., Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou, Acharya, Dilaram, Adabi, Maryam, Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O., Adham, Davoud, Aduroja, Posi Emmanuel, Advani, Shailesh M., Afarideh, Mohsen, Aghaali, Mohammad, Agrawal, Anurag, Ahmad, Tauseef, Ahmadi, Keivan, Ahmadi, Sepideh, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Ahmed, Rushdia, Ajumobi, Olufemi, Akal, Chalachew Genet, Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akombi, Blessing, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Samiah, Alamene, Genet Melak, Alanzi, Turki M., Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde, Alema, Niguse Meles, Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir, Ali, Muhammad, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Alinia, Cyrus, Alipour, Vahid, Alizade, Hesam, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Almasi, Afshin, Almasi-Hashiani, Amir, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M., Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M., Altirkawi, Khalid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J., Amare, Azmeraw T., Amegah, Adeladza Kofi, Amini, Saeed, Rarani, Mostafa Amini, Amiri, Fatemeh, Amit, Arianna Maever Loreche, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Ansari, Fereshteh, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Anteneh, Zelalem Alamrew, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Antriyandarti, Ernoiz, Anvari, Davood, Anwer, Razique, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, Arabloo, Jalal, Arab-Zozani, Morteza, Araya, Ephrem Mebrahtu, Arefi, Zohreh, Aremu, Olatunde, Ärnlöv, Johan, Arzani, Afsaneh, Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran, Asadi-Pooya, Ali A., Asgari, Samaneh, Asghari, Babak, Ashagre, Alebachew Fasil, Asrat, Anemaw A., Ataeinia, Bahar, Atalay, Hagos Tasew, Atnafu, Desta Debalkie, Atout, Maha Moh’d Wahbi, Ausloos, Marcel, Avokpaho, Euripide F. G. A., Awasthi, Ashish, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, Aynalem, Yared A. Asmare, Azadmehr, Abbas, Azari, Samad, Azarian, Ghasem, Azene, Zelalem Nigussie, Babaee, Ebrahim, Badawi, Alaa, Badiye, Ashish D., Bahrami, Mohamad Amin, Baig, Atif Amin A., Bakhtiari, Ahad, Bakkannavar, Shankar M., Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar, Bali, Ayele Geleto, Banach, Maciej, Banik, Palash Chandra, Baradaran-Seyed, Zahra, Baraki, Adhanom Gebreegziabher, Barboza, Miguel A., Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barua, Lingkan, Basaleem, Huda, Basu, Sanjay, Bayati, Mohsen, Bayih, Mulat Tirfie, Baynes, Habtamu Wondifraw, Bedi, Neeraj, Behzadifar, Masoud, Behzadifar, Meysam, Bekele, Yibeltal Alemu, Bennett, Derrick A., Berbada, Dessalegn Ajema, Berhe, Kidanemaryam, Berhe, Abadi Kidanemariam, Berman, Adam E., Bernstein, Robert S., Bhageerathy, Reshmi, Bhandari, Dinesh, Bharadwaj, Pankaj, Bhattacharjee, Natalia V., Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Boris, Bilano, Ver, Bililign, Nigus, Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat Bin, Birara, Setognal, Birhane, Minuye Biniam Biniam, Birhanu, Minyichil, Biswas, Raaj Kishore, Bitew, Zebenay Workneh, Bogale, Kassawmar Angaw, Bohlouli, Somayeh, Bolla, Srinivasa Rao, Boloor, Archith, Borzì, Antonio M., Borzouei, Shiva, Brady, Oliver J., Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi, Braithwaite, Dejana, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, Britton, Gabrielle, Budhathoki, Shyam S., Nagaraja, Sharath Burugina, Busse, Reinhard, Butt, Zahid A., Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Cámera, Luis Alberto, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R., Cano, Jorge, Car, Josip, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan J., Carvalho, Félix, Castaldelli-Maia, João Mauricio, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Castro, Franz, Cerin, Ester, Chansa, Collins, Charan, Jaykaran, Chatterjee, Pranab, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chauhan, Bal Govind, Chavshin, Ali Reza, Chehrazi, Mohammad, Chichiabellu, Tesfaye Yitna, Chin, Ken Lee, Christopher, Devasahayam J., Chu, Dinh-Toi, Cicuttini, Flavia M., Collison, Michael L., Cork, Michael A., Cormier, Natalie, Cortesi, Paolo Angelo, Costa, Vera M., Dadi, Abel Fekadu Fekadu, Dagnew, Baye, Dahlawi, Saad M. A., Damiani, Giovanni, Darwish, Amira Hamed, Daryani, Ahmad, Das, Jai K., Gupta, Rajat Das, Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio, Davis Weaver, Nicole, Leo, Diego De, Neve, Jan-Walter De, Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen, Demis, Asmamaw Bizuneh, Demissie, Dereje Bayissa, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Deribe, Kebede, Desai, Rupak, Desalegn, Beruk Berhanu, Desalew, Assefa, Deshpande, Aniruddha, Dey, Sagnik, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Dhillon, Preeti, Dhimal, Meghnath, Dhungana, Govinda Prasad, Nasab, Mostafa Dianati, Diaz, Daniel, Forooshani, Zahra Sadat Dibaji, Dinsa, Girmaye Deye, Dipeolu, Isaac Oluwafemi, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Hoa Thi, Do, Huyen Phuc, Doku, Paul Narh, Dorostkar, Fariba, Doshmangir, Leila, Dubey, Manisha, Adema, Bereket Duko, Dunachie, Susanna J., Duncan, Bruce B., Cousin, Ewerton, Durães, Andre R., Earl, Lucas, Leylabadlo, Hamed Ebrahimzadeh, Eftekhari, Aziz, El Sayed, Iman, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, El Tantawi, Maha, Elbarazi, Iffat, Elemineh, Demelash Abewa, El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I., El-Khatib, Ziad, Elsharkawy, Aisha, El-Sherbiny, Yasser Mohamed, Elyazar, Iqbal R. F., Emamian, Mohammad Hassan, Enany, Shymaa, Endalew, Daniel Adane, Endalifer, Melese Linger, Eskandari, Khalil, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esmaeilnejad, Saman, Esteghamati, Alireza, Etemadi, Arash, Etisso, Atkilt Esaiyas, Fanzo, Jessica, Farahmand, Mohammad, Faraj, Anwar, Farashi, Sajjad, Fareed, Mohammad, Farioli, Andrea, Faro, Andre, Farzadfar, Farshad, Farzam, Hossein, Fatima, Syeda Sadia, Fattahi, Nazir, Fauk, Nelsensius Klau, Fazaeli, Ali Akbar, Fentahun, Netsanet, Ferede, Tomas Y., Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Fernandes, João C., Feyissa, Garumma Tolu, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Flohr, Carsten, Foigt, Nataliya A., Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin, Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich, Foroutan, Masoud, Förster, Jana, Francis, Joel Msafiri, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Gayesa, Reta Tsegaye, Geberemariyam, Biniyam Sahiledengle, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremariam, Hadush, Gebremariam, Kidane Tadesse, Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork Bizuwork, Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn, Gebreslassie, Assefa Ayalew Ayalew, Gebretsadik, Gebretsadkan G. G., Gedefaw, Getnet Azeze, Geramo, Yilma Chisha Dea, Gesesew, Hailay Abrha, Geta, Birhanu, Getenet, Agegnehu Bante, Gezae, Kebede Embaye, Ghaffarifar, Fatemeh, Ghafourifard, Mansour, Ghajar, Alireza, Ghajarzadeh, Mahsa, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Ghiasvand, Hesam, Gholamian, Asadollah, Gilani, Syed Amir, Gill, Tiffany K., Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed, Goli, Srinivas, Gomes, Nelson G. M., Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goudarzi, Houman, Goulart, Alessandra C., Govindakarnavar, Arunkumar, Grada, Ayman, Grivna, Michal, Guimarães, Rafael Alves, Guled, Rashid Abdi, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Haile, Michael Tamene, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, Hall, Brian J., Halvaei, Iman, Hamadeh, Randah R., Hamidi, Yadollah, Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohannes, Hankey, Graeme J., Haririan, Hamidreza, Hariyani, Ninuk, Hasaballah, Ahmed I., Hasan, Md. Mehedi, Hasankhani, Milad, Hasanpoor, Edris, Hasanzadeh, Amir, Hashemian, Maryam, Hassanipour, Soheil, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hawkes, Corinna, Hayat, Khezar, Hayelom, Desta Haftu, Heidari, Behnam, Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza, Hendrie, Delia, Henok, Andualem, Henry, Nathaniel J., Herrero, Mario, Herteliu, Claudiu, Heydarpour, Fatemeh, de Hidru, Hagos D., Hoang, Chi Linh, Hoek, Hans W., Hole, Michael K., Holla, Ramesh, Hollerich, Gillian, Rad, Enayatollah Homaie, Hong, Sung Hwi, Hoogar, Praveen, Horino, Masako, Hossain, Naznin, Hosseini, Mostafa, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Househ, Mowafa, Hsairi, Mohamed, Hu, Guoqing, Huda, Tanvir M., Humayun, Ayesha, Hwang, Bing-Fang, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Milena D., Imani-Nasab, Mohammad Hasan, Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja, Iqbal, Usman, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Iwu, Chidozie C. D., Iwu, Chinwe Juliana, Izadi, Neda, Jaafari, Jalil, Jaca, Anelisa, Jadidi-Niaragh, Farhad, Balalami, Nader Jafari, Jafarinia, Morteza, Jahani, Mohammad Ali, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jalali, Amir, Jalilian, Farzad, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jehan, Fyezah, Jenabi, Ensiyeh, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jha, Vivekanand, Ji, John S., Jia, Peng, John, Oommen, John-Akinola, Yetunde O., Johnson, Kimberly B., Jonas, Jost B., Joseph, Nitin, Joukar, Farahnaz, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jungari, Suresh Banayya, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Ali, Kabir, Zubair, Kahsay, Amaha, Kahssay, Molla, Kalani, Hamed, Kalankesh, Leila L., Kalhor, Rohollah, Kamiab, Zahra, Kanchan, Tanuj, Kapil, Umesh, Kapoor, Neeti, Karami, Manoochehr, Matin, Behzad Karami, Karch, André, Karim, Mohd A., Karki, Surendra, Kasaeian, Amir, Kasahun, Gebremicheal Gebreslassie, Kasaye, Habtamu Kebebe, Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale, Kassaye, Hagazi Gebremedhin, Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Karyani, Ali Kazemi, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Ketema, Daniel Bekele, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, Khaksarian, Mojtaba, Khalid, Nauman, Khalil, Ibrahim A., Khalilov, Rovshan, Khan, Asad, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Md Nuruzzaman, Khan, Mohammad Saud, Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb, Khatab, Khaled, Khater, Amir, Khater, Mona M., Khatib, Mahalqua Nazli, Khayamzadeh, Maryam, Khazaei-Pool, Maryam, Khazaei, Mohammad, Khazaei, Salman, Khodayari, Mohammad Taghi, Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein, Khundkar, Roba, Kiadaliri, Ali, Kianipour, Neda, Kiirithio, Daniel N., Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Kisa, Adnan, Kisa, Sezer, Kolola, Tufa, Komaki, Hamidreza, Kondlahalli, Shivakumar K. M., Koolivand, Ali, Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kraemer, Moritz U. 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K., Mir, Seyed Mostafa, Miri, Mohammad, Mirjalali, Hamed, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Mirzaei, Hamed, Mirzaei, Maryam, Mirzaei, Roya, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi, Mithra, Prasanna, Moazen, Babak, Mohamadi, Efat, Mohamadi-Bolbanabad, Amjad, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammad, Yousef, Mohammad, Dara K., Darwesh, Aso Mohammad, Mezerji, Naser Mohammad Gholi, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammadnia-Afrouzi, Mousa, Mohammadoo-Khorasani, Milad, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, Mohammed, Salahuddin, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohammed, Jemal Abdu, Mohammed, Ammas Siraj, Mohebi, Farnam, Mokari, Amin, Mokdad, Ali H., Montañez, Julio Cesar, Montero-Zamora, Pablo A., Moodley, Yoshan, Moossavi, Maryam, Moradi, Ghobad, Moradi, Masoud, Moradi, Yousef, Moradi-Joo, Mohammad, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moradpour, Farhad, Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah, Moraga, Paula, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Mosapour, Abbas, Mosser, Jonathan F., Mouodi, Simin, Khaneghah, Amin Mousavi, Mozaffarian, Dariush, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, Murray, Christopher J. L., Murthy, G. V. S., Musa, Kamarul Imran, Mustafa, Ghulam, Muthupandian, Saravanan, Nabavizadeh, Behnam, Naderi, Mehdi, Nadkarni, Girish N., Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naheed, Aliya, Naik, Gurudatta, Najafi, Farid, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, Narayan, K. M. 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A., Mahesh, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, Pakshir, Keyvan, Pana, Adrian, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Parsian, Hadi, Pashaei, Tahereh, Pasupula, Deepak Kumar, Patel, Sangram Kishor, Pathak, Ashish, Pathak, Mona, Pati, Sanghamitra, Patle, Ajay, Patton, George C., Paulos, Kebreab, Toroudi, Hamidreza Pazoki, Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino, Perico, Norberto, Petri, William A., Pickering, Brandon V., Pigott, David M., Pirestani, Majid, Piroozi, Bakhtiar, Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Pokhrel, Khem Narayan, Postma, Maarten J., Pourjafar, Hadi, Pourmalek, Farshad, Kalhori, Reza Pourmirza, Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Prada, Sergio I., Preotescu, Liliana, Pribadi, Dimas Ria Angga, Syed, Zahiruddin Quazi, Rabiee, Mohammad, Rabiee, Navid, Radfar, Amir, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahim, Fakher, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rahman, Sajjad ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajabpour-Sanati, Ali, Rajati, Fatemeh, Ramezanzadeh, Kiana, Rana, Saleem Muhammad, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rao, Sowmya J., Rasella, Davide, Rashedi, Vahid, Rastogi, Prateek, Rathi, Priya, Rawaf, Salman, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawal, Lal, Ray, Sarah E., Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renjith, Vishnu, Renzaho, Andre M. N., Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Nima, Rezaeian, Shahab, Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh, Rezapour, Aziz, Riahi, Seyed Mohammad, Ribeiro, Ana Isabel, Rickard, Jennifer, Rodriguez, Alina, Roever, Leonardo, Roro, Elias Merdassa, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rostami, Ali, Rubagotti, Enrico, Saad, Anas M., Saadatagah, Seyedmohammad, Sabde, Yogesh Damodar, Sabour, Siamak, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Sadeghi, Masoumeh, Safari, Saeed, Safari, Yahya, Safarpour, Hamid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Sajadi, S. Mohammad, Salahshoor, Mohammad Reza, Salam, Nasir, Salehi, Farkhonde, Zahabi, Saleh Salehi, Salem, Hosni, Salem, Marwa R. Rashad, Salimi, Yahya, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, Kafil, Hossein Samadi, Sambala, Evanson Zondani, Samy, Abdallah M., Santos, Itamar S., Jose, Bruno Piassi Sao, Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer, Sarker, Abdur Razzaque, Sartorius, Benn, Sarveazad, Arash, Sathian, Brijesh, Satpathy, Maheswar, Saxena, Sonia, Sayyah, Mehdi, Sbarra, Alyssa N., Schipp, Megan F., Schmidt, Maria Inês, Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth, Schwebel, David C., Senbeta, Anbissa Muleta, Senthilkumaran, Subramanian, Seyedmousavi, Seyedmojtaba, Shaahmadi, Faramarz, Shafaat, Omid, Shahabi, Saeed, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shalash, Ali S., Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Shamshirian, Amir, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Shannawaz, Mohammed, Sharafi, Kiomars, Sharif, Mehdi, Sharma, Rajesh, Shehata, Hatem Samir, Sheikhtaheri, Abbas, Shibuya, Kenji, Shiferaw, Wondimeneh Shibabaw, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Jae Il, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shiue, Ivy, Shuval, Kerem, Siabani, Soraya, Siddiqi, Tariq J., Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Simonetti, Biagio, Singh, Ambrish, Singh, Pushpendra, Singh, Virendra, Singh, Jasvinder A., Singh, Pankaj Kumar, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Sintayehu, Yitagesu, Sisay, Malede Mequanent M., Soheili, Amin, Soleymani, Bija, Soltani, Farzaneh, Soltani, Shahin, Soriano, Joan B., Sorrie, Muluken Bekele, Soshnikov, Sergey, Soyiri, Ireneous N., Spotin, Adel, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T., Srivastava, Rajni Kant Kant, Starodubova, Antonina, Sudaryanto, Agus, Sufiyan, Mu’awiyyah Babale, Suleria, Hafiz Ansar Rasul, Sulo, Gerhard, Sunguya, Bruno F., Sykes, Bryan L., Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabuchi, Takahiro, Tadesse, Birkneh Tilahun, Taherkhani, Amir, Tamirat, Koku Sisay, Tassew, Segen Gebremeskel, Taveira, Nuno, Teklehaimanot, Berhane Fseha, Tekulu, Gebretsadkan Hintsa, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse, Thomas, Nihal, Titova, Mariya Vladimirovna, Tlaye, Kenean Getaneh, Tohidinik, Hamid Reza, Tonelli, Marcello, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Traini, Eugenio, Tran, Khanh Bao, Tripathi, Manjari, Uddin, Riaz, Ullah, Irfan, Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran, Upadhyay, Era, Useh, Ushotanefe, Usman, Muhammad Shariq, Uthman, Olalekan A., Vacante, Marco, Vaezghasemi, Masoud, Valdez, Pascual R., VanderHeide, John, Varavikova, Elena, Varughese, Santosh, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Vasseghian, Yasser, Veisani, Yousef, Venkatesh, Srinivasaraghavan, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Verma, Madhur, Vidale, Simone, Violante, Francesco S., Vlassov, Vasily, Vollmer, Sebastian, Vukovic, Rade, Waheed, Yasir, Wang, Haidong, Wang, Yafeng, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Weldesamuel, Girmay Teklay, Werdecker, Andrea, Wiangkham, Taweewat, Wiens, Kirsten E., Wijeratne, Tissa, Wolde, Haileab Fekadu, Wondafrash, Dawit Zewdu, Wonde, Tewodros Eshete, Wondmieneh, Adam Belay, Wu, Ai-Min, Xu, Gelin, Yadegar, Abbas, Yadollahpour, Ali, Jabbari, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh, Yamada, Tomohide, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaya, Sanni, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid, Yeshaneh, Alex, Yeshaw, Yigizie, Yeshitila, Yordanos Gizachew, Yilma, Mekdes Tigistu, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Youm, Yoosik, Younis, Mustafa Z., Yousefi, Zabihollah, Yousof, Hebat-Allah Salah A., Yu, Chuanhua, Yusefzadeh, Hasan, Moghadam, Telma Zahirian, Zaki, Leila, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamani, Mohammad, Zamanian, Maryam, Zandian, Hamed, Zarafshan, Hadi, Zepro, Nejimu Biza, Zerfu, Taddese Alemu, Zewale, Taye Abuhay, Zhang, Yunquan, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, Zhao, Xiu-Ju, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zomorodian, Kamiar, Zotor, Francis Bruno, Afshin, Ashkan, Hay, Simon I., LBD Double Burden of Malnutrition Collaborator, Violante FS, Adema, Bereket Duko, Yeshaw, Yigizie, LBD Double Burden of Malnutrition Collaborators, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, 10922180 - Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth, UAM. Departamento de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-IP), Veritati - Repositório Institucional da Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Clinicum, HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Department of Earth Observation Science, UT-I-ITC-ACQUAL, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Sálfræðideild (HR), Department of Psychology (RU), Samfélagssvið (HR), School of Social Sciences (RU), Háskólinn í Reykjavík, Reykjavik University, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (ISS-FJD), Kinyoki, D, Ross, J, Lazzar-Atwood, A, Munro, S, Schaeffer, L, Abbasalizad-Farhangi, M, Abbasi, M, Abbastabar, H, Abdelalim, A, Abdoli, A, Abdollahi, M, Abdollahpour, I, Abdulkader, R, Abebe, N, Abebo, T, Abegaz, K, Abolhassani, H, Abreu, L, Abrigo, M, Abushouk, A, Accrombessi, M, Acharya, D, Adabi, M, Adebiyi, A, Adedeji, I, Adekanmbi, V, Adeoye, A, Adetokunboh, O, Adham, D, Aduroja, P, Advani, S, Afarideh, M, Aghaali, M, Agrawal, A, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, K, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed, M, Ahmed, R, Ajumobi, O, Akal, C, Akalu, T, Akinyemiju, T, Akombi, B, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, S, Alamene, G, Alanzi, T, Rabanal, J, Alema, N, Ali, B, Ali, M, Alijanzadeh, M, Alinia, C, Alipour, V, Alizade, H, Aljunid, S, Almasi, A, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Al-Mekhlafi, H, Al-Raddadi, R, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Alvis-Zakzuk, N, Amare, A, Amegah, A, Amini, S, Rarani, M, Amiri, F, Amit, A, Anber, N, Andrei, C, Ansari, F, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Anteneh, Z, Antonio, C, Antriyandarti, E, Anvari, D, Anwer, R, Appiah, S, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Araya, E, Arefi, Z, Aremu, O, Arnlov, J, Arzani, A, Asadi-Aliabadi, M, Asadi-Pooya, A, Asgari, S, Asghari, B, Ashagre, A, Asrat, A, Ataeinia, B, Atalay, H, Atnafu, D, Atout, M, Ausloos, M, Avokpaho, E, Awasthi, A, Quintanilla, B, Ayanore, M, Aynalem, Y, Azadmehr, A, Azari, S, Azarian, G, Azene, Z, Babaee, E, Badawi, A, Badiye, A, Bahrami, M, Baig, A, Bakhtiari, A, Bakkannavar, S, Balakrishnan, S, Bali, A, Banach, M, Banik, P, Baradaran-Seyed, Z, Baraki, A, Barboza, M, Barnighausen, T, Barua, L, Basaleem, H, Basu, S, Bayati, M, Bayih, M, Baynes, H, Bedi, N, Behzadifar, M, Bekele, Y, Bennett, D, Berbada, D, Berhe, K, Berhe, A, Berman, A, Bernstein, R, Bhageerathy, R, Bhandari, D, Bharadwaj, P, Bhattacharjee, N, Bhattacharyya, K, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Bilano, V, Bililign, N, Sayeed, M, Birara, S, Birhane, M, Birhanu, M, Biswas, R, Bitew, Z, Bogale, K, Bohlouli, S, Bolla, S, Boloor, A, Borzi, A, Borzouei, S, Brady, O, Bragazzi, N, Braithwaite, D, Briko, N, Britton, G, Budhathoki, S, Nagaraja, S, Busse, R, Butt, Z, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Camera, L, Campos-Nonato, I, Cano, J, Car, J, Cardenas, R, Carrero, J, Carvalho, F, Castaldelli-Maia, J, Castaneda-Orjuela, C, Castro, F, Cerin, E, Chansa, C, Charan, J, Chatterjee, P, Chattu, V, Chauhan, B, Chavshin, A, Chehrazi, M, Chichiabellu, T, Chin, K, Christopher, D, Chu, D, Cicuttini, F, Collison, M, Cork, M, Cormier, N, Cortesi, P, Costa, V, Dadi, A, Dagnew, B, Dahlawi, S, Damiani, G, Darwish, A, Daryani, A, Das, J, Gupta, R, Davila-Cervantes, C, Davis Weaver, N, Leo, D, Neve, J, Demeke, F, Demis, A, Demissie, D, Demoz, G, Denova-Gutierrez, E, Deribe, K, Desai, R, Desalegn, B, Desalew, A, Deshpande, A, Dey, S, Dharmaratne, S, Dhillon, P, Dhimal, M, Dhungana, G, Nasab, M, Diaz, D, Forooshani, Z, Dinsa, G, Dipeolu, I, Djalalinia, S, Do, H, Doku, P, Dorostkar, F, Doshmangir, L, Dubey, M, Adema, B, Dunachie, S, Duncan, B, Duraes, A, Earl, L, Leylabadlo, H, Eftekhari, A, El Sayed, I, El Sayed Zaki, M, El Tantawi, M, Elbarazi, I, Elemineh, D, El-Jaafary, S, El-Khatib, Z, Elsharkawy, A, El-Sherbiny, Y, Elyazar, I, Emamian, M, Enany, S, Endalew, D, Endalifer, M, Eskandari, K, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeilnejad, S, Esteghamati, A, Etemadi, A, Etisso, A, Fanzo, J, Farahmand, M, Faraj, A, Farashi, S, Fareed, M, Farioli, A, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Farzam, H, Fatima, S, Fattahi, N, Fauk, N, Fazaeli, A, Fentahun, N, Ferede, T, Fereshtehnejad, S, Fernandes, E, Fernandes, J, Feyissa, G, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Flohr, C, Foigt, N, Folayan, M, Fomenkov, A, Foroutan, M, Forster, J, Francis, J, Fukumoto, T, Gayesa, R, Geberemariyam, B, Gebrehiwot, T, Gebremariam, H, Gebremariam, K, Gebremedhin, K, Gebremeskel, G, Gebreslassie, A, Gebretsadik, G, Gedefaw, G, Geramo, Y, Gesesew, H, Geta, B, Getenet, A, Gezae, K, Ghaffarifar, F, Ghafourifard, M, Ghajar, A, Ghajarzadeh, M, Ghashghaee, A, Ghiasvand, H, Gholamian, A, Gilani, S, Gill, T, Ginawi, I, Goli, S, Gomes, N, Gopalani, S, Goudarzi, H, Goulart, A, Govindakarnavar, A, Grada, A, Grivna, M, Guimaraes, R, Guled, R, Guo, Y, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haile, M, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hall, B, Halvaei, I, Hamadeh, R, Hamidi, Y, Handiso, D, Hankey, G, Haririan, H, Hariyani, N, Hasaballah, A, Hasan, M, Hasankhani, M, Hasanpoor, E, Hasanzadeh, A, Hashemian, M, Hassanipour, S, Hassen, H, Havmoeller, R, Hawkes, C, Hayat, K, Hayelom, D, Heidari, B, Heidari-Soureshjani, R, Hendrie, D, Henok, A, Henry, N, Herrero, M, Herteliu, C, Heydarpour, F, de Hidru, H, Hoang, C, Hoek, H, Hole, M, Holla, R, Hollerich, G, Rad, E, Hong, S, Hoogar, P, Horino, M, Hossain, N, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Housseh, M, Hsairi, M, Hu, G, Huda, T, Humayun, A, Hwang, B, Ibitoye, S, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, M, Imani-Nasab, M, Inbaraj, L, Iqbal, U, Irvani, S, Islam, S, Iwu, C, Izadi, N, Jaafari, J, Jaca, A, Jadidi-Niaragh, F, Balalami, N, Jafarinia, M, Jahani, M, Jakovljevic, M, Jalali, A, Jalilian, F, Jayatilleke, A, Jeemon, P, Jehan, F, Jenabi, E, Jha, R, Jha, V, Ji, J, Jia, P, John, O, John-Akinola, Y, Johnson, K, Jonas, J, Joseph, N, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, J, Jungari, S, Jurisson, M, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kahsay, A, Kahssay, M, Kalani, H, Kalankesh, L, Kalhor, R, Kamiab, Z, Kanchan, T, Kapil, U, Kapoor, N, Karami, M, Matin, B, Karch, A, Karim, M, Karki, S, Kasaeian, A, Kasahun, G, Kasaye, H, Kassa, T, Kassaye, H, Kassebaum, N, Karyani, A, Kengne, A, Ketema, D, Khader, Y, Khafaie, M, Khaksarian, M, Khalid, N, Khalil, I, Khalilov, R, Khan, A, Khan, E, Khan, M, Khatab, K, Khater, A, Khater, M, Khatib, M, Khayamzadeh, M, Khazaei-Pool, M, Khazaei, M, Khazaei, S, Khodayari, M, Khosravi, M, Khundkar, R, Kiadaliri, A, Kianipour, N, Kiirithio, D, Kim, Y, Kimokoti, R, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kolola, T, Komaki, H, Kondlahalli, S, Koolivand, A, Koul, P, Koyanagi, A, Kraemer, M, Krishan, K, Krohn, K, Kugbey, N, Kumar, M, Kumar, P, Kumar, V, Kurmi, O, Kuti, O, Vecchia, C, Lacey, B, Lad, D, Lal, A, Lal, D, Lami, F, Lamichhane, P, Lang, J, Lansingh, V, Lasrado, S, Lebedev, G, Lee, P, Lee, S, Leili, M, Letourneau, I, Lewycka, S, Li, S, Lim, L, Linn, S, Liu, S, Lodha, R, Longbottom, J, Lopez, J, Lorkowski, S, Macarayan, E, Madadin, M, El Razek, H, El Razek, M, Maghavani, D, Mahasha, P, Mahotra, N, Maled, V, Maleki, A, Maleki, S, Malta, D, Manafi, A, Manafi, 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Mosser, J, Mouodi, S, Khaneghah, A, Mozaffarian, D, Mueller, U, Murray, C, Murthy, G, Musa, K, Mustafa, G, Muthupandian, S, Nabavizadeh, B, Naderi, M, Nadkarni, G, Nagarajan, A, Naghavi, M, Naheed, A, Naik, G, Najafi, F, Nansseu, J, Narayan, K, Nascimento, B, Nayak, V, Nazari, J, Ndwandwe, D, Negoi, I, Negoi, R, Ngunjiri, J, Nguyen, C, Nguyen, H, Nigatu, D, Nigatu, Y, Nikbakhsh, R, Ningrum, D, Nnaji, C, Nong, V, Noubiap, J, Nowak, C, Oancea, B, Ofori-Asenso, R, Oghenetega, O, Oh, I, Oladimeji, O, Oladnabi, M, Olagunju, A, Olagunju, T, Olusanya, B, Olusanya, J, Oluwasanu, M, Omer, M, Onwujekwe, O, Asante, K, Oren, E, Orisakwe, O, Ortiz, A, Osarenotor, O, Osgood-Zimmerman, A, Owolabi, M, P. A, M, Padubidri, J, Pakshir, K, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Parsian, H, Pashaei, T, Pasupula, D, Patel, S, Pathak, A, Pathak, M, Pati, S, Patle, A, Patton, G, Paulos, K, Toroudi, H, Pepito, V, Perico, N, Petri, W, Pickering, B, Pigott, D, Pirestani, M, Piroozi, B, Pirsaheb, M, Pokhrel, K, Postma, M, Pourjafar, H, Pourmalek, F, Kalhori, R, Pourshams, A, Poustchi, H, Prada, S, Preotescu, L, Pribadi, D, Syed, Z, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rahman, S, Rai, R, Rajabpour-Sanati, A, Rajati, F, Ramezanzadeh, K, Rana, S, Ranabhat, C, Rao, S, Rasella, D, Rashedi, V, Rastogi, P, Rathi, P, Rawaf, S, Rawaf, D, Rawal, L, Ray, S, Remuzzi, G, Renjith, V, Renzaho, A, Resnikoff, S, Rezaei, N, Rezaeian, S, Rezai, M, Rezapour, A, Riahi, S, Ribeiro, A, Rickard, J, Rodriguez, A, Roever, L, Roro, E, Roshandel, G, Rostami, A, Rubagotti, E, Saad, A, Saadatagah, S, Sabde, Y, Sabour, S, Sadeghi, E, Sadeghi, M, Safari, S, Safari, Y, Safarpour, H, Sagar, R, Sahebkar, A, Sahraian, M, Sajadi, S, Salahshoor, M, Salam, N, Salehi, F, Zahabi, S, Salem, H, Salem, M, Salimi, Y, Salimzadeh, H, Kafil, H, Sambala, E, Samy, A, Santos, I, Jose, B, Saraswathy, S, Sarker, A, Sartorius, B, Sarveazad, A, Sathian, B, Satpathy, M, Saxena, S, Sayyah, M, Sbarra, A, Schipp, M, Schmidt, M, Schutte, A, Schwebel, D, Senbeta, A, Senthilkumaran, S, Seyedmousavi, S, Shaahmadi, F, Shafaat, O, Shahabi, S, Shaikh, M, Shalash, A, Shams-Beyranvand, M, Shamshirian, A, Shamsizadeh, M, Shannawaz, M, Sharafi, K, Sharif, M, Sharma, R, Shehata, H, Sheikhtaheri, A, Shibuya, K, Shiferaw, W, Shigematsu, M, Shin, J, Shiri, R, Shirkoohi, R, Shiue, I, Shuval, K, Siabani, S, Siddiqi, T, Sigfusdottir, I, Silva, D, Simonetti, B, Singh, A, Singh, P, Singh, V, Singh, J, Sinha, D, Sintayehu, Y, Sisay, M, Soheili, A, Soleymani, B, Soltani, F, Soltani, S, Soriano, J, Sorrie, M, Soshnikov, S, Soyiri, I, Spotin, A, Sreeramareddy, C, Srivastava, R, Starodubova, A, Sudaryanto, A, Sufiyan, M, Suleria, H, Sulo, G, Sunguya, B, Sykes, B, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tabuchi, T, Tadesse, B, Taherkhani, A, Tamirat, K, Tassew, S, Taveira, N, Teklehaimanot, B, Tekulu, G, Temsah, M, Terkawi, A, Tessema, Z, Thomas, N, Titova, M, Tlaye, K, Tohidinik, H, Tonelli, M, Tovani-Palone, M, Traini, E, Tran, K, Tripathi, M, Uddin, R, Ullah, I, Unnikrishnan, B, Upadhyay, E, Useh, U, Usman, M, Uthman, O, Vacante, M, Vaezghasemi, M, Valdez, P, Vanderheide, J, Varavikova, E, Varughese, S, Vasankari, T, Vasseghian, Y, Veisani, Y, Venkatesh, S, Venketasubramanian, N, Verma, M, Vidale, S, Violante, F, Vlassov, V, Vollmer, S, Vukovic, R, Waheed, Y, Wang, H, Wang, Y, Weldesamuel, G, Werdecker, A, Wiangkham, T, Wiens, K, Wijeratne, T, Wolde, H, Wondafrash, D, Wonde, T, Wondmieneh, A, Wu, A, Xu, G, Yadegar, A, Yadollahpour, A, Jabbari, S, Yamada, T, Yano, Y, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yeshaneh, A, Yeshaw, Y, Yeshitila, Y, Yilma, M, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, S, Youm, Y, Younis, M, Yousefi, Z, Yousof, H, Yu, C, Yusefzadeh, H, Moghadam, T, Zaki, L, Zaman, S, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zandian, H, Zarafshan, H, Zepro, N, Zerfu, T, Zewale, T, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z, Zhao, X, Zodpey, S, Zomorodian, K, Zotor, F, Afshin, A, Hay, S, Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), and Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD)

Subjects
Male, Local patterns, Double burden, Börn, Research & Experimental Medicine, Sjúkdómseinkenni, DOUBLE BURDEN, Childhood overweight, Lífefnafræði, Læknisfræði, 0302 clinical medicine, Syndemic, Child, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, under 5 years of age, General Medicine, 3. Good health, Geography, Medicine, Research & Experimental, Child, Preschool, Income, GROWTH, AFRICA, medicine.medical_specialty, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, RJ, Medicina, Immunology, education, MODELS, wa_395, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Humans, Author Correction, Developing Countries, Poverty, Biology, LBD Double Burden of Malnutrition Collaborators, Demography, Science & Technology, Wasting Syndrome, Public health, MORTALITY, Infant, Næringarskortur, medicine.disease, Obesity, TRENDS, signs and symptoms, Social Class, Risk factors, Sameindalíffræði, ITC-ISI-JOURNAL-ARTICLE, UNDERNUTRITION, Human medicine, Clinical Medicine, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Pediatric Obesity, obesity, Offita, Áhættuþættir, Geographic Mapping, Overweight, RA0421, Global health, risk factors, 030212 general & internal medicine, Signs and symptoms, Wasting, Malnutrition, Global Burden of Diseases, Global Nutrition, low- and middle-income countries, 2. Zero hunger, 1. No poverty, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, A900 Others in Medicine and Dentistry, Childhood wasting, PREVALENCE, Chemistry, Mapping, Female, Lýðheilsa, medicine.symptom, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, GROWTH FAILURE, Nutritional Status, malnutrition, ITC-HYBRID, ws_115, children, Environmental health, medicine, Erfðafræði, wd_200, Malnutrition, Infant, Newborn, Klinisk medicin, Cell Biology, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, NA
Abstract

Artículo con numerosos autores, sólo se mencionan el primero, los de la UAM y grupo colectivo, A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of, This work was primarily supported by grant OPP1132415 from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation awarded to S.I.H.

Published
2020

37. Prévalence de l’automédication chez les étudiants universitaires: Examen systématique et méta-analyse

Author

Behzadifar, Meysam, Behzadifar, Masoud, Aryankhesal, Aidin, Ravaghi, Hamid, Baradaran, Hamid Reza, Sajadi, Haniye Sadat, Khaksarian, Mojtaba, and Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi

Abstract

Background: Self-medication can lead to serious consequences but its overall prevalence in students is not known. Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of self-medication in students through a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on the prevalence of self-medication in students across the world. Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, ISI/Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched up to October 2017. Studies reporting the prevalence of self-treatment in university students were selected. Data recorded included year of publication, country where the study was conducted, sample size, prevalence of self-medication, sex and mean age of students, and faculty of students (medical or non-medical). A random-effect model was used to determine effect size with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity across studies was assessed with the I2 test. A sensitivity analysis assessed stability of the findings. Results: A total of 89 studies were included in the analysis, which comprised 60 938 students. The overall prevalence of self-medication in university students was 70.1% (95% CI: 64.3–75.4%). Female students self-medicated more often than male students: odds ratio = 1.45 (95% CI%: 1.17–1.79). The prevalence of self-medication in medical students (97.2%) was higher than in non-medical students (44.7%). The I2 test indicated high, statistically significant heterogeneity. The sensitivity analysis showed that the results were stable. Conclusion: The prevalence of self-medication among students worldwide is high. Programmes on the risks of self-medication and increasing control and monitoring of the sale of drugs are recommended. Facilitating students’ access to doctors and health centres could reduce self-medication in students.

Published
2020

38. Burden of injury along the development spectrum: associations between the Socio-demographic Index and disability-adjusted life year estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author

Haagsma, Juanita A, James, Spencer L, Castle, Chris D, Dingels, Zachary V, Fox, Jack T, Hamilton, Erin B, Liu, Zichen, Lucchesi, Lydia R, Roberts, Nicholas L S, Sylte, Dillon O, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Ahmadi, Alireza, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Alahdab, Fares, Alghnam, Suliman A, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Al-raddadi, Rajaa M, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid, Anjomshoa, Mina, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, Aremu, Olatunde, Arora, Amit, Asayesh, Hamid, Assadi, Reza, Awasthi, Ashish, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Balalla, Shivanthi, Banstola, Amrit, Barker-collo, Suzanne Lyn, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Bazargan-hejazi, Shahrzad, Bedi, Neeraj, Behzadifar, Masoud, Behzadifar, Meysam, Benjet, Corina, Bennett, Derrick A, Bensenor, Isabela M, Bhaumik, Soumyadeep, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Bijani, Ali, Borges, Guilherme, Borschmann, Rohan, Bose, Dipan, Boufous, Soufiane, Brazinova, Alexandra, Campuzano Rincon, Julio Cesar, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan J, Carvalho, Félix, Castañeda-orjuela, Carlos A, Catalá-lópez, Ferrán, Choi, Jee-young J, Christopher, Devasahayam J, Crowe, Christopher Stephen, Dalal, Koustuv, Daryani, Ahmad, Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil, Degenhardt, Louisa, De Leo, Diego, De Neve, Jan-walter, Deribe, Kebede, Dessie, Getenet Ayalew, Deveber, Gabrielle Aline, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Doan, Linh Phuong, Dolan, Kate A, Driscoll, Tim Robert, Dubey, Manisha, El-khatib, Ziad, Ellingsen, Christian Lycke, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Faro, Andre, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Franklin, Richard Charles, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Gezae, Kebede Embaye, Gill, Tiffany K, Goulart, Alessandra C, Grada, Ayman, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Haghparast Bidgoli, Hassan, Haj-mirzaian, Arvin, Haj-mirzaian, Arya, Hamadeh, Randah R, Hamidi, Samer, Haro, Josep Maria, Hassankhani, Hadi, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hendrie, Delia, Henok, Andualem, Híjar, Martha, Hole, Michael K, Homaie Rad, Enayatollah, Hossain, Naznin, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hu, Guoqing, Igumbor, Ehimario U, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Ivers, Rebecca Q, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jonas, Jost B, Jorjoran Shushtari, Zahra, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Ali, Kalani, Rizwan, Kasaeian, Amir, Kelbore, Abraham Getachew, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, Khalid, Nauman, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khoja, Abdullah T, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar A, Kim, Young-eun, Kim, Daniel, Kisa, Adnan, Koyanagi, Ai, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kucuk Bicer, Burcu, Kumar, Manasi, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lam, Hilton, Lami, Faris Hasan, Lansingh, Van C, Leasher, Janet L, Li, Shanshan, Linn, Shai, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Machado, Flavia R, Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan, Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed, Mahotra, Narayan Bahadur, Majdan, Marek, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malik, Manzoor Ahmad, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Manda, Ana-laura, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard, Maulik, Pallab K, Meheretu, Hailemariam Abiy Alemu, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Melese, Addisu, Mendoza, Walter, Mengesha, Melkamu Merid, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Meretoja, Atte, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Miller, Ted R, Mini, Gk, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Moazen, Babak, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser, Mohammadibakhsh, Roghayeh, Mohammed, Shafiu, Molokhia, Mariam, Monasta, Lorenzo, Mondello, Stefania, Montero-zamora, Pablo A, Moodley, Yoshan, Moosazadeh, Mahmood, Moradi, Ghobad, Moradi-lakeh, Maziar, Morawska, Lidia, Velásquez, Ilais Moreno, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Moschos, Marilita M, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Murthy, Srinivas, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Naik, Gurudatta, Najafi, Farid, Nangia, Vinay, Nascimento, Bruno Ramos, Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith, Negoi, Ionut, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Nguyen, Son Hoang, Nguyen, Long Hoang, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nirayo, Yirga Legesse, Ofori-asenso, Richard, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olagunju, Tinuke O, Olivares, Pedro R, Orpana, Heather M, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, P A, Mahesh, Pakhale, Smita, Park, Eun-kee, Patton, George C, Pesudovs, Konrad, Phillips, Michael R, Polinder, Suzanne, Prakash, Swayam, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahimi, Siavash, Rahimi-movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Ramezanzadeh, Kiana, Rawaf, Salman, Rawaf, David Laith, Renzaho, Andre M N, Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaeian, Shahab, Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Sabde, Yogesh Damodar, Saddik, Basema, Salamati, Payman, Salimi, Yahya, Salz, Inbal, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan, Sanchez Riera, Lidia, Santric Milicevic, Milena M, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sawhney, Monika, Sawyer, Susan M, Saxena, Sonia, Saylan, Mete, Wang, Yuan-pang, other, and, Haagsma, Juanita A, James, Spencer L, Castle, Chris D, Dingels, Zachary V, Fox, Jack T, Hamilton, Erin B, Liu, Zichen, Lucchesi, Lydia R, Roberts, Nicholas L S, Sylte, Dillon O, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Ahmadi, Alireza, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Alahdab, Fares, Alghnam, Suliman A, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Al-raddadi, Rajaa M, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid, Anjomshoa, Mina, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, Aremu, Olatunde, Arora, Amit, Asayesh, Hamid, Assadi, Reza, Awasthi, Ashish, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Balalla, Shivanthi, Banstola, Amrit, Barker-collo, Suzanne Lyn, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Bazargan-hejazi, Shahrzad, Bedi, Neeraj, Behzadifar, Masoud, Behzadifar, Meysam, Benjet, Corina, Bennett, Derrick A, Bensenor, Isabela M, Bhaumik, Soumyadeep, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Bijani, Ali, Borges, Guilherme, Borschmann, Rohan, Bose, Dipan, Boufous, Soufiane, Brazinova, Alexandra, Campuzano Rincon, Julio Cesar, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan J, Carvalho, Félix, Castañeda-orjuela, Carlos A, Catalá-lópez, Ferrán, Choi, Jee-young J, Christopher, Devasahayam J, Crowe, Christopher Stephen, Dalal, Koustuv, Daryani, Ahmad, Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil, Degenhardt, Louisa, De Leo, Diego, De Neve, Jan-walter, Deribe, Kebede, Dessie, Getenet Ayalew, Deveber, Gabrielle Aline, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Doan, Linh Phuong, Dolan, Kate A, Driscoll, Tim Robert, Dubey, Manisha, El-khatib, Ziad, Ellingsen, Christian Lycke, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Faro, Andre, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Franklin, Richard Charles, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Gezae, Kebede Embaye, Gill, Tiffany K, Goulart, Alessandra C, Grada, Ayman, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Haghparast Bidgoli, Hassan, Haj-mirzaian, Arvin, Haj-mirzaian, Arya, Hamadeh, Randah R, Hamidi, Samer, Haro, Josep Maria, Hassankhani, Hadi, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hendrie, Delia, Henok, Andualem, Híjar, Martha, Hole, Michael K, Homaie Rad, Enayatollah, Hossain, Naznin, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hu, Guoqing, Igumbor, Ehimario U, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Ivers, Rebecca Q, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jonas, Jost B, Jorjoran Shushtari, Zahra, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Ali, Kalani, Rizwan, Kasaeian, Amir, Kelbore, Abraham Getachew, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, Khalid, Nauman, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khoja, Abdullah T, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar A, Kim, Young-eun, Kim, Daniel, Kisa, Adnan, Koyanagi, Ai, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kucuk Bicer, Burcu, Kumar, Manasi, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lam, Hilton, Lami, Faris Hasan, Lansingh, Van C, Leasher, Janet L, Li, Shanshan, Linn, Shai, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Machado, Flavia R, Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan, Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed, Mahotra, Narayan Bahadur, Majdan, Marek, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malik, Manzoor Ahmad, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Manda, Ana-laura, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard, Maulik, Pallab K, Meheretu, Hailemariam Abiy Alemu, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Melese, Addisu, Mendoza, Walter, Mengesha, Melkamu Merid, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Meretoja, Atte, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Miller, Ted R, Mini, Gk, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Moazen, Babak, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser, Mohammadibakhsh, Roghayeh, Mohammed, Shafiu, Molokhia, Mariam, Monasta, Lorenzo, Mondello, Stefania, Montero-zamora, Pablo A, Moodley, Yoshan, Moosazadeh, Mahmood, Moradi, Ghobad, Moradi-lakeh, Maziar, Morawska, Lidia, Velásquez, Ilais Moreno, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Moschos, Marilita M, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Murthy, Srinivas, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Naik, Gurudatta, Najafi, Farid, Nangia, Vinay, Nascimento, Bruno Ramos, Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith, Negoi, Ionut, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Nguyen, Son Hoang, Nguyen, Long Hoang, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nirayo, Yirga Legesse, Ofori-asenso, Richard, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olagunju, Tinuke O, Olivares, Pedro R, Orpana, Heather M, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, P A, Mahesh, Pakhale, Smita, Park, Eun-kee, Patton, George C, Pesudovs, Konrad, Phillips, Michael R, Polinder, Suzanne, Prakash, Swayam, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahimi, Siavash, Rahimi-movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Ramezanzadeh, Kiana, Rawaf, Salman, Rawaf, David Laith, Renzaho, Andre M N, Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaeian, Shahab, Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Sabde, Yogesh Damodar, Saddik, Basema, Salamati, Payman, Salimi, Yahya, Salz, Inbal, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan, Sanchez Riera, Lidia, Santric Milicevic, Milena M, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sawhney, Monika, Sawyer, Susan M, Saxena, Sonia, Saylan, Mete, Wang, Yuan-pang, and other, and

Abstract

Background: The epidemiological transition of non-communicable diseases replacing infectious diseases as the main contributors to disease burden has been well documented in global health literature. Less focus, however, has been given to the relationship between sociodemographic changes and injury. The aim of this study was to examine the association between disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from injury for 195 countries and territories at different levels along the development spectrum between 1990 and 2017 based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 estimates. Methods: Injury mortality was estimated using the GBD mortality database, corrections for garbage coding and CODEm-the cause of death ensemble modelling tool. Morbidity estimation was based on surveys and inpatient and outpatient data sets for 30 cause-of-injury with 47 nature-of-injury categories each. The Socio-demographic Index (SDI) is a composite indicator that includes lagged income per capita, average educational attainment over age 15 years and total fertility rate. Results: For many causes of injury, age-standardised DALY rates declined with increasing SDI, although road injury, interpersonal violence and self-harm did not follow this pattern. Particularly for self-harm opposing patterns were observed in regions with similar SDI levels. For road injuries, this effect was less pronounced. Conclusions: The overall global pattern is that of declining injury burden with increasing SDI. However, not all injuries follow this pattern, which suggests multiple underlying mechanisms influencing injury DALYs. There is a need for a detailed understanding of these patterns to help to inform national and global efforts to address injury-related health outcomes across the development spectrum.

Published
2020

39. Tuberculosis in Iran: a historical overview from al-Tabari, Rhazes, Avicenna and Jorjani to Abolhassan Ziyā-Zarifi. Old and new pioneers in the fight against tuberculosis: challenges, pitfalls and hopes.

Author

Behzadifar, Masoud, Martini, Mariano, Behzadifar, Meysam, Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi, Behzadifar, Masoud, Martini, Mariano, Behzadifar, Meysam, and Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi

Abstract

Tuberculosis is a serious respiratory infectious disease, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. It has always represented a permanent, serious public health challenge over the course of human history, because of its severe epidemiological, clinical and societal implications. The present review aims at over-viewing the contributions of the Iranian medicine to the control, management and treatment of tuberculosis, from the glorious past of the eighty-ninth centuries to the present, from Ali Abu al-Hasan Ahmad ibn Sahl-e Rabban al-Tabari to Rhazes, Avicenna, Jorjani and Abolhassan Ziyā-Zarifi. However, despite the efforts, tuberculosis and, in particular, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis still represents a great public health concern in Iran. On the other hand, this country can capitalize on its millennial, incredibly rich story of major achievements in the battle against tuberculosis to develop and implement ad hoc public health programs for the control of the disorder, including targeted and specialized interventions.

Published
2020

40. The barriers to the application of strategic purchasing and the role of health policy- and decision-makers: past, current status, ethical aspects and future challenges

Author

Behzadifar, Masoud, Behzadifar, Meysam, Bakhtiari, Ahad, Martini, Mariano, Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi, Behzadifar, Masoud, Behzadifar, Meysam, Bakhtiari, Ahad, Martini, Mariano, and Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi

Abstract

Healthcare systems are complex, multi-level, highly integrated organizations, comprising of different professional figures, institutions, and resources. Such breadth and complexity reflect the multi-dimensionality of the concept of health, which implies the adoption of a holistic approach. Health, rather than merely being the absence of disorders or infirmity, is a highly dynamic state, which represents the abilities of an individual to cope with adverse social, physical and emotional/psychological events and conditions, continuously adapting to them. Ensuring an adequate health state is one of the most important concerns, and the healthcare systems are called to renew themselves in order to meet with the new challenges and health needs. Throughout the last decades, due to demographic shifts and transitions, epidemiological and societal changes, technological achievements and scientific advancements, healthcare systems have undergone an extensive series of reform plans. Therefore, health policy- and decision-makers have made efforts to develop and implement initiatives for preserving the quality of the healthcare provisions. Strategic purchasing is an approach of purchasing that takes into account several health-related issues such as a proper, comprehensive planning of service delivery, the design and selection of the best packages of services and provisions, the appropriate selection of providers and the allocation of economical and financial incentives to provide better services and to motivate managers to adopt appropriate policies to implement strategic purchasing. Here, we intend to consider the various dimensions and aspects that can be effective in strategic purchasing, as well as the main barriers and obstacles that hinder its full implementation.

Published
2020

42. Interrupted time series analysis of the implementation of social distancing policy, its lifting and the mandate of wearing face masks in Iran to mitigate against COVID-19

Author

Saki, Mandana, primary, Behzadifar, Masoud, additional, Behzadifar, Meysam, additional, Ghanbari, Mahboubeh Khaton, additional, Bakhtiari, Ahad, additional, Azari, Samad, additional, Gorji, Hasan Abolghasem, additional, Wu, Jianhong, additional, and Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi, additional

Published
2020
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44. Mapping geographical inequalities in childhood diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–17: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author

Reiner, Robert C, primary, Wiens, Kirsten E, additional, Deshpande, Aniruddha, additional, Baumann, Mathew M, additional, Lindstedt, Paulina A, additional, Blacker, Brigette F, additional, Troeger, Christopher E, additional, Earl, Lucas, additional, Munro, Sandra B, additional, Abate, Degu, additional, Abbastabar, Hedayat, additional, Abd-Allah, Foad, additional, Abdelalim, Ahmed, additional, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, additional, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, additional, Abebe, Getaneh, additional, Abegaz, Kedir Hussein, additional, Abreu, Lucas Guimarães, additional, Abrigo, Michael R M, additional, Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou, additional, Acharya, Dilaram, additional, Adabi, Maryam, additional, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, additional, Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, additional, Adekanmbi, Victor, additional, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, additional, Adhena, Beyene Meressa, additional, Afarideh, Mohsen, additional, Ahmadi, Keivan, additional, Ahmadi, Mehdi, additional, Ahmed, Anwar E, additional, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, additional, Ahmed, Rushdia, additional, Ajumobi, Olufemi, additional, Akal, Chalachew Genet, additional, Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie, additional, Akanda, Ali S, additional, Alamene, Genet Melak, additional, Alanzi, Turki M, additional, Albright, James R, additional, Alcalde Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth, additional, Alemnew, Birhan Tamene, additional, Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw, additional, Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir, additional, Ali, Muhammad, additional, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, additional, Alipour, Vahid, additional, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, additional, Almasi, Ali, additional, Almasi-Hashiani, Amir, additional, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M, additional, Altirkawi, Khalid, additional, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, additional, Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J, additional, Amare, Azmeraw T, additional, Amini, Saeed, additional, Amit, Arianna Maever Loreche, additional, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, additional, Anegago, Masresha Tessema, additional, Anjomshoa, Mina, additional, Ansari, Fereshteh, additional, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, additional, Antriyandarti, Ernoiz, additional, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, additional, Arabloo, Jalal, additional, Aremu, Olatunde, additional, Armoon, Bahram, additional, Aryal, Krishna K, additional, Arzani, Afsaneh, additional, Asadi-Lari, Mohsen, additional, Ashagre, Alebachew Fasil, additional, Atalay, Hagos Tasew, additional, Atique, Suleman, additional, Atre, Sachin R, additional, Ausloos, Marcel, additional, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, additional, Awasthi, Ashish, additional, Awoke, Nefsu, additional, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, additional, Ayano, Getinet, additional, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, additional, Ayele, Asnakew Achaw, additional, Aynalem, Yared A Asmare, additional, Azari, Samad, additional, Babaee, Ebrahim, additional, Badawi, Alaa, additional, Bakkannavar, Shankar M, additional, Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar, additional, Bali, Ayele Geleto, additional, Banach, Maciej, additional, Barac, Aleksandra, additional, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, additional, Basaleem, Huda, additional, Bassat, Quique, additional, Bayati, Mohsen, additional, Bedi, Neeraj, additional, Behzadifar, Masoud, additional, Behzadifar, Meysam, additional, Bekele, Yibeltal Alemu, additional, Bell, Michelle L, additional, Bennett, Derrick A, additional, Berbada, Dessalegn Ajema, additional, Beyranvand, Tina, additional, Bhat, Anusha Ganapati, additional, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, additional, Bhattarai, Suraj, additional, Bhaumik, Soumyadeep, additional, Bijani, Ali, additional, Bikbov, Boris, additional, Biswas, Raaj Kishore, additional, Bogale, Kassawmar Angaw, additional, Bohlouli, Somayeh, additional, Brady, Oliver J, additional, Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi, additional, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, additional, Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich, additional, Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath, additional, Butt, Zahid A, additional, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, additional, Campuzano Rincon, Julio Cesar, additional, Cárdenas, Rosario, additional, Carvalho, Félix, additional, Castro, Franz, additional, Chansa, Collins, additional, Chatterjee, Pranab, additional, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, additional, Chauhan, Bal Govind, additional, Chin, Ken Lee, additional, Christopher, Devasahayam J, additional, Chu, Dinh-Toi, additional, Claro, Rafael M, additional, Cormier, Natalie M, additional, Costa, Vera M, additional, Damiani, Giovanni, additional, Daoud, Farah, additional, Dandona, Lalit, additional, Dandona, Rakhi, additional, Darwish, Amira Hamed, additional, Daryani, Ahmad, additional, Das, Jai K, additional, Das Gupta, Rajat, additional, Dasa, Tamirat Tesfaye, additional, Davila, Claudio Alberto, additional, Davis Weaver, Nicole, additional, Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil, additional, De Neve, Jan-Walter, additional, Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen, additional, Demis, Asmamaw Bizuneh, additional, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, additional, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, additional, Deribe, Kebede, additional, Desalew, Assefa, additional, Dessie, Getenet Ayalew, additional, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, additional, Dhillon, Preeti, additional, Dhimal, Meghnath, additional, Dhungana, Govinda Prasad, additional, Diaz, Daniel, additional, Ding, Eric L, additional, Diro, Helen Derara, additional, Djalalinia, Shirin, additional, Do, Huyen Phuc, additional, Doku, David Teye, additional, Dolecek, Christiane, additional, Dubey, Manisha, additional, Dubljanin, Eleonora, additional, Duko Adema, Bereket, additional, Dunachie, Susanna J, additional, Durães, Andre R, additional, Duraisamy, Senbagam, additional, Effiong, Andem, additional, Eftekhari, Aziz, additional, El Sayed, Iman, additional, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, additional, El Tantawi, Maha, additional, Elemineh, Demelash Abewa, additional, El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I, additional, Elkout, Hajer, additional, Elsharkawy, Aisha, additional, Enany, Shymaa, additional, Endalamfaw, Aklilu, additional, Endalew, Daniel Adane, additional, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, additional, Esteghamati, Alireza, additional, Etemadi, Arash, additional, Farag, Tamer H, additional, Faraon, Emerito Jose A, additional, Fareed, Mohammad, additional, Faridnia, Roghiyeh, additional, Farioli, Andrea, additional, Faro, Andre, additional, Farzam, Hossein, additional, Fazaeli, Ali Akbar, additional, Fazlzadeh, Mehdi, additional, Fentahun, Netsanet, additional, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, additional, Fernandes, Eduarda, additional, Filip, Irina, additional, Fischer, Florian, additional, Foroutan, Masoud, additional, Francis, Joel Msafiri, additional, Franklin, Richard Charles, additional, Frostad, Joseph Jon, additional, Fukumoto, Takeshi, additional, Gayesa, Reta Tsegaye, additional, Gebremariam, Kidane Tadesse, additional, Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork Bizuwork, additional, Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn, additional, Gedefaw, Getnet Azeze, additional, Geramo, Yilma Chisha Dea, additional, Geta, Birhanu, additional, Gezae, Kebede Embaye, additional, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, additional, Ghassemi, Fariba, additional, Gill, Paramjit Singh, additional, Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed, additional, Goli, Srinivas, additional, Gomes, Nelson G M, additional, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, additional, Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia, additional, Grada, Ayman, additional, Gugnani, Harish Chander, additional, Guido, Davide, additional, Guimares, Rafael Alves, additional, Guo, Yuming, additional, Gupta, Rajeev, additional, Gupta, Rahul, additional, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, additional, Haile, Michael Tamene, additional, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, additional, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, additional, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, additional, Hall, Brian James, additional, Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohannes, additional, Haririan, Hamidreza, additional, Hariyani, Ninuk, additional, Hasaballah, Ahmed I, additional, Hasan, Md. Mehedi, additional, Hasanzadeh, Amir, additional, Hassankhani, Hadi, additional, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, additional, Hayelom, Desta Haftu, additional, Heidari, Behnam, additional, Henry, Nathaniel J, additional, Herteliu, Claudiu, additional, Heydarpour, Fatemeh, additional, Hidru, Hagos D de, additional, Hoang, Chi Linh, additional, Hoogar, Praveen, additional, Hoseini-Ghahfarokhi, Mojtaba, additional, Hossain, Naznin, additional, Hosseini, Mostafa, additional, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, additional, Househ, Mowafa, additional, Hu, Guoqing, additional, Humayun, Ayesha, additional, Hussain, Syed Ather, additional, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, additional, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, additional, Ilic, Milena D, additional, Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja, additional, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, additional, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, additional, Iwu, Chinwe Juliana, additional, Jaca, Anelisa, additional, Jafari Balalami, Nader, additional, Jahanmehr, Nader, additional, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, additional, Jalali, Amir, additional, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, additional, Jenabi, Ensiyeh, additional, Jha, Ravi Prakash, additional, Jha, Vivekanand, additional, Ji, John S, additional, Jia, Peng, additional, Johnson, Kimberly B, additional, Jonas, Jost B, additional, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, additional, Kabir, Ali, additional, Kabir, Zubair, additional, Kahsay, Amaha, additional, Kalani, Hamed, additional, Kanchan, Tanuj, additional, Karami Matin, Behzad, additional, Karch, André, additional, Karki, Surendra, additional, Kasaeian, Amir, additional, Kasahun, Gebremicheal Gebreslassie, additional, Kayode, Gbenga A, additional, Kazemi Karyani, Ali, additional, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, additional, Ketema, Daniel Bekele, additional, Khader, Yousef Saleh, additional, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, additional, Khalid, Nauman, additional, Khalil, Ali Talha, additional, Khalil, Ibrahim, additional, Khalilov, Rovshan, additional, Khan, Md Nuruzzaman, additional, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, additional, Khan, Gulfaraz, additional, Khan, Junaid, additional, Khatab, Khaled, additional, Khater, Amir, additional, Khater, Mona M, additional, Khatony, Alireza, additional, Khayamzadeh, Maryam, additional, Khazaei, Mohammad, additional, Khazaei, Salman, additional, Khodamoradi, Ehsan, additional, Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein, additional, Khubchandani, Jagdish, additional, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar A, additional, Kim, Yun Jin, additional, Kimokoti, Ruth W, additional, Kisa, Sezer, additional, Kisa, Adnan, additional, Kissoon, Niranjan, additional, Kondlahalli, Shivakumar KM KM M, additional, Kosek, Margaret N, additional, Koyanagi, Ai, additional, Kraemer, Moritz U G, additional, Krishan, Kewal, additional, Kugbey, Nuworza, additional, Kumar, G Anil, additional, Kumar, Manasi, additional, Kumar, Pushpendra, additional, Kusuma, Dian, additional, La Vecchia, Carlo, additional, Lacey, Ben, additional, Lal, Aparna, additional, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, additional, Lami, Faris Hasan, additional, Lansingh, Van C, additional, Lasrado, Savita, additional, Lee, Paul H, additional, Leili, Mostafa, additional, Lenjebo, Tsegaye Tsegaye Lolaso Lolaso, additional, Levine, Aubrey J, additional, Lewycka, Sonia, additional, Li, Shanshan, additional, Linn, Shai, additional, Lodha, Rakesh, additional, Longbottom, Joshua, additional, Lopukhov, Platon D, additional, Magdeldin, Sameh, additional, Mahasha, Phetole Walter, additional, Mahotra, Narayan Bahadur, additional, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, additional, Mamun, Abdullah A, additional, Manafi, Navid, additional, Manafi, Farzad, additional, Manda, Ana-Laura, additional, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, additional, Mapoma, Chabila Christopher, additional, Marami, Dadi, additional, Marczak, Laurie B, additional, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, additional, März, Winfried, additional, Masaka, Anthony, additional, Mathur, Manu Raj, additional, Maulik, Pallab K, additional, Mayala, Benjamin K, additional, McAlinden, Colm, additional, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, additional, Mehrotra, Ravi, additional, Mehta, Kala M, additional, Meles, Gebrekiros Gebremichael, additional, Melese, Addisu, additional, Memish, Ziad A, additional, Mena, Alemayehu Toma, additional, Menezes, Ritesh G, additional, Mengesha, Melkamu Merid, additional, Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese, additional, Mengistu, Getnet, additional, Meretoja, Tuomo J, additional, Miazgowski, Bartosz, additional, Mihretie, Kebadnew Mulatu M, additional, Miller-Petrie, Molly K, additional, Mills, Edward J, additional, Mir, Seyed Mostafa, additional, Mirabi, Parvaneh, additional, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, additional, Mohamadi-Bolbanabad, Amjad, additional, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, additional, Mohammad, Yousef, additional, Mohammad, Dara K, additional, Mohammad Darwesh, Aso, additional, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser, additional, Mohammadifard, Noushin, additional, Mohammed, Ammas Siraj, additional, Mohammed, Shafiu, additional, Mohammed, Jemal Abdu, additional, Mohebi, Farnam, additional, Mokdad, Ali H, additional, Monasta, Lorenzo, additional, Moodley, Yoshan, additional, Moradi, Masoud, additional, Moradi, Ghobad, additional, Moradi-Joo, Mohammad, additional, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, additional, Moraga, Paula, additional, Mosapour, Abbas, additional, Mouodi, Simin, additional, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, additional, Mozaffor, Miliva Mozaffor Mozaffor, additional, Muluneh, Atalay Goshu, additional, Muriithi, Moses K, additional, Murray, Christopher J L, additional, Murthy, GVS, additional, Musa, Kamarul Imran, additional, Mustafa, Ghulam, additional, Muthupandian, Saravanan, additional, Naderi, Mehdi, additional, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, additional, Naghavi, Mohsen, additional, Najafi, Farid, additional, Nangia, Vinay, additional, Nazari, Javad, additional, Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith, additional, Negoi, Ionut, additional, Ngunjiri, Josephine W, additional, Nguyen, QuynhAnh P, additional, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, additional, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, additional, Nigatu, Dabere, additional, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, additional, Nnaji, Chukwudi A, additional, Nojomi, Marzieh, additional, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, additional, Oh, In-Hwan, additional, Okpala, Oluchi, additional, Olagunju, Andrew T, additional, Omar Bali, Ahmed, additional, Onwujekwe, Obinna E, additional, Ortega-Altamirano, Doris D V, additional, Osarenotor, Osayomwanbo, additional, Osei, Frank B, additional, Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo, additional, P A, Mahesh, additional, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, additional, Pana, Adrian, additional, Pashaei, Tahereh, additional, Pati, Sanghamitra, additional, Patle, Ajay, additional, Patton, George C, additional, Paulos, Kebreab, additional, Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino, additional, Pereira, Alexandre, additional, Perico, Norberto, additional, Pesudovs, Konrad, additional, Pigott, David M, additional, Piroozi, Bakhtiar, additional, Platts-Mills, James A, additional, Poljak, Mario, additional, Postma, Maarten J, additional, Pourjafar, Hadi, additional, Pourmalek, Farshad, additional, Pourshams, Akram, additional, Poustchi, Hossein, additional, Prada, Sergio I, additional, Preotescu, Liliana, additional, Quintana, Hedley, additional, Rabiee, Navid, additional, Rabiee, Mohammad, additional, Radfar, Amir, additional, Rafiei, Alireza, additional, Rahim, Fakher, additional, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, additional, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, additional, Rajati, Fatemeh, additional, Ramezanzadeh, Kiana, additional, Rana, Saleem M, additional, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, additional, Rasella, Davide, additional, Rawaf, Salman, additional, Rawaf, David Laith, additional, Rawal, Lal, additional, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, additional, Renjith, Vishnu, additional, Renzaho, Andre M N, additional, Reta, Melese Abate, additional, Rezaei, Satar, additional, Ribeiro, Ana Isabel, additional, Rickard, Jennifer, additional, Rios González, Carlos Miguel, additional, Rios-Blancas, Maria Jesus, additional, Roever, Leonardo, additional, Ronfani, Luca, additional, Roro, Elias Merdassa, additional, Rostami, Ali, additional, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, additional, Rubagotti, Enrico, additional, Rubino, Salvatore, additional, Saad, Anas M, additional, Sabour, Siamak, additional, Sadeghi, Ehsan, additional, Safari, Saeed, additional, Safdarian, Mahdi, additional, Sagar, Rajesh, additional, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, additional, Sajadi, S. Mohammad, additional, Salahshoor, Mohammad Reza, additional, Salam, Nasir, additional, Salehi, Farkhonde, additional, Salehi Zahabi, Saleh, additional, Salem, Marwa R Rashad, additional, Salem, Hosni, additional, Salimi, Yahya, additional, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, additional, Sambala, Evanson Zondani, additional, Samy, Abdallah M, additional, Sanabria, Juan, additional, Santos, Itamar S, additional, Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer, additional, Sarker, Abdur Razzaque, additional, Sartorius, Benn, additional, Sathian, Brijesh, additional, Satpathy, Maheswar, additional, Sbarra, Alyssa N, additional, Schaeffer, Lauren E, additional, Schwebel, David C, additional, Senbeta, Anbissa Muleta, additional, Senthilkumaran, Subramanian, additional, Shabaninejad, Hosein, additional, Shaheen, Amira A, additional, Shaikh, Masood Ali, additional, Shalash, Ali S, additional, Shallo, Seifadin Ahmed, additional, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, additional, Shamsi, MohammadBagher, additional, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, additional, Sharif, Mehdi, additional, Shey, Muki Shehu, additional, Shibuya, Kenji, additional, Shiferaw, Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shibabaw, additional, Shigematsu, Mika, additional, Shil, Apurba, additional, Shin, Jae Il, additional, Shiri, Rahman, additional, Shirkoohi, Reza, additional, Si, Si, additional, Siabani, Soraya, additional, Singh, Jasvinder A, additional, Singh, Narinder Pal, additional, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, additional, Sisay, Malede Mequanent, additional, Skiadaresi, Eirini, additional, Smith, David L, additional, Sobhiyeh, Mohammad Reza, additional, Sokhan, Anton, additional, Soofi, Moslem, additional, Soriano, Joan B, additional, Sorrie, Muluken Bekele, additional, Soyiri, Ireneous N, additional, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, additional, Sudaryanto, Agus, additional, Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, additional, Suleria, Hafiz Ansar Rasul, additional, Sykes, Bryan L, additional, Tamirat, Koku Sisay, additional, Tassew, Aberash Abay, additional, Taveira, Nuno, additional, Taye, Bineyam, additional, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, additional, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, additional, Tesfay, Berhe etsay, additional, Tesfay, Fisaha Haile, additional, Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse, additional, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, additional, Thirunavukkarasu, Sathish, additional, Thomas, Nihal, additional, Tlaye, Kenean Getaneh, additional, Tlou, Boikhutso, additional, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, additional, Traini, Eugenio, additional, Tran, Khanh Bao, additional, Trihandini, Indang, additional, Ullah, Irfan, additional, Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran, additional, Valadan Tahbaz, Sahel, additional, Valdez, Pascual R, additional, Varughese, Santosh, additional, Veisani, Yousef, additional, Violante, Francesco S, additional, Vollmer, Sebastian, additional, Vos, Theo, additional, Wada, Fiseha Wadilo, additional, Waheed, Yasir, additional, Wang, Yafeng, additional, Wang, Yuan-Pang, additional, Weldesamuel, Girmay Teklay, additional, Welgan, Catherine A, additional, Westerman, Ronny, additional, Wiangkham, Taweewat, additional, Wijeratne, Tissa, additional, Wiysonge, Charles Shey Shey, additional, Wolde, Haileab Fekadu, additional, Wondafrash, Dawit Zewdu, additional, Wonde, Tewodros Eshete, additional, Wu, Ai-Min, additional, Xu, Gelin, additional, Yadollahpour, Ali, additional, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein, additional, Yamada, Tomohide, additional, Yaseri, Mehdi, additional, Yenesew, Muluken Azage, additional, Yeshaneh, Alex, additional, Yilma, Mekdes Tigistu, additional, Yimer, Ebrahim M, additional, Yip, Paul, additional, Yirsaw, Biruck Desalegn, additional, Yisma, Engida, additional, Yonemoto, Naohiro, additional, Younis, Mustafa Z, additional, Yousof, Hebat-Allah Salah A, additional, Yu, Chuanhua, additional, Yusefzadeh, Hasan, additional, Zamani, Mohammad, additional, Zambrana-Torrelio, Carlos, additional, Zandian, Hamed, additional, Zeleke, Ayalew Jejaw, additional, Zepro, Nejimu Biza, additional, Zewale, Taye Abuhay, additional, Zhang, Dongyu, additional, Zhang, Yunquan, additional, Zhao, Xiu-Ju, additional, Ziapour, Arash, additional, Zodpey, Sanjay, additional, and Hay, Simon I, additional

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2020
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46. Sleep Disturbances Rate among Medical and Allied Health Professions Students in Iran: Implications from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Literature

Author

Khaksarian, Mojtaba, primary, Behzadifar, Masoud, additional, Behzadifar, Meysam, additional, Jahanpanah, Firuzeh, additional, Guglielmi, Ottavia, additional, Garbarino, Sergio, additional, Lanteri, Paola, additional, Re, Tania Simona, additional, Zerbetto, Riccardo, additional, Maldonado Briegas, Juan José, additional, Riccò, Matteo, additional, and Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi, additional

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2020
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47. Morbidity and mortality from road injuries: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author

James, Spencer L, primary, Lucchesi, Lydia R, additional, Bisignano, Catherine, additional, Castle, Chris D, additional, Dingels, Zachary V, additional, Fox, Jack T, additional, Hamilton, Erin B, additional, Liu, Zichen, additional, McCracken, Darrah, additional, Nixon, Molly R, additional, Sylte, Dillon O, additional, Roberts, Nicholas L S, additional, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, additional, Aghamolaei, Teamur, additional, Alghnam, Suliman A, additional, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, additional, Almasi-Hashiani, Amir, additional, Badawi, Alaa, additional, Behzadifar, Masoud, additional, Behzadifar, Meysam, additional, Bekru, Eyasu Tamru, additional, Bennett, Derrick A, additional, Chapman, Jens Robert, additional, Deribe, Kebede, additional, Duko Adema, Bereket, additional, Fatahi, Yousef, additional, Gelaw, Belayneh K, additional, Getahun, Eskezyiaw Agedew, additional, Hendrie, Delia, additional, Henok, Andualem, additional, Hidru, Hagos de, additional, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, additional, Hu, Guoqing, additional, Jahani, Mohammad Ali, additional, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, additional, Jalilian, Farzad, additional, Joseph, Nitin, additional, Karami, Manoochehr, additional, Kelbore, Abraham Getachew, additional, Khan, Md Nuruzzaman, additional, Kim, Yun Jin, additional, Koul, Parvaiz A, additional, La Vecchia, Carlo, additional, Linn, Shai, additional, Majdzadeh, Reza, additional, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, additional, Memiah, Peter T N, additional, Mengesha, Melkamu Merid, additional, Merie, Hayimro Edemealem, additional, R Miller, Ted, additional, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi, additional, Mohammad Darwesh, Aso, additional, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser, additional, Mohammadibakhsh, Roghayeh, additional, Moodley, Yoshan, additional, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, additional, Musa, Kamarul Imran, additional, Nascimento, Bruno Ramos, additional, Nikbakhsh, Rajan, additional, Nyasulu, Peter S, additional, Omar Bali, Ahmed, additional, Onwujekwe, Obinna E, additional, Pati, Sanghamitra, additional, Pourmirza Kalhori, Reza, additional, Salehi, Farkhonde, additional, Shahabi, Saeed, additional, Shallo, Seifadin Ahmed, additional, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, additional, Sharafi, Zeinab, additional, Shukla, Sharvari Rahul, additional, Sobhiyeh, Mohammad Reza, additional, Soriano, Joan B, additional, Sykes, Bryan L, additional, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, additional, Tadesse, Degena Bahray Bahrey, additional, Tefera, Yonatal Mesfin, additional, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, additional, Tlou, Boikhutso, additional, Topor-Madry, Roman, additional, Wiangkham, Taweewat, additional, Yaseri, Mehdi, additional, Yaya, Sanni, additional, Yenesew, Muluken Azage, additional, Younis, Mustafa Z, additional, Ziapour, Arash, additional, Zodpey, Sanjay, additional, Pigott, David M, additional, Reiner, Robert C, additional, Hay, Simon I, additional, Lopez, Alan D, additional, and Mokdad, Ali H, additional

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2020
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48. Burden of injury along the development spectrum: associations between the Socio-demographic Index and disability-adjusted life year estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author

Haagsma, Juanita A, primary, James, Spencer L, additional, Castle, Chris D, additional, Dingels, Zachary V, additional, Fox, Jack T, additional, Hamilton, Erin B, additional, Liu, Zichen, additional, Lucchesi, Lydia R, additional, Roberts, Nicholas L S, additional, Sylte, Dillon O, additional, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, additional, Ahmadi, Alireza, additional, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, additional, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, additional, Alahdab, Fares, additional, Alghnam, Suliman A, additional, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, additional, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, additional, Alsharif, Ubai, additional, Altirkawi, Khalid, additional, Anjomshoa, Mina, additional, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, additional, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, additional, Aremu, Olatunde, additional, Arora, Amit, additional, Asayesh, Hamid, additional, Assadi, Reza, additional, Awasthi, Ashish, additional, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, additional, Balalla, Shivanthi, additional, Banstola, Amrit, additional, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, additional, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, additional, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, additional, Bedi, Neeraj, additional, Behzadifar, Masoud, additional, Behzadifar, Meysam, additional, Benjet, Corina, additional, Bennett, Derrick A, additional, Bensenor, Isabela M, additional, Bhaumik, Soumyadeep, additional, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, additional, Bijani, Ali, additional, Borges, Guilherme, additional, Borschmann, Rohan, additional, Bose, Dipan, additional, Boufous, Soufiane, additional, Brazinova, Alexandra, additional, Campuzano Rincon, Julio Cesar, additional, Cárdenas, Rosario, additional, Carrero, Juan J, additional, Carvalho, Félix, additional, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, additional, Catalá-López, Ferrán, additional, Choi, Jee-Young J, additional, Christopher, Devasahayam J, additional, Crowe, Christopher Stephen, additional, Dalal, Koustuv, additional, Daryani, Ahmad, additional, Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil, additional, Degenhardt, Louisa, additional, De Leo, Diego, additional, De Neve, Jan-Walter, additional, Deribe, Kebede, additional, Dessie, Getenet Ayalew, additional, deVeber, Gabrielle Aline, additional, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, additional, Doan, Linh Phuong, additional, Dolan, Kate A, additional, Driscoll, Tim Robert, additional, Dubey, Manisha, additional, El-Khatib, Ziad, additional, Ellingsen, Christian Lycke, additional, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, additional, Endries, Aman Yesuf, additional, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, additional, Faro, Andre, additional, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, additional, Fernandes, Eduarda, additional, Filip, Irina, additional, Fischer, Florian, additional, Franklin, Richard Charles, additional, Fukumoto, Takeshi, additional, Gezae, Kebede Embaye, additional, Gill, Tiffany K, additional, Goulart, Alessandra C, additional, Grada, Ayman, additional, Guo, Yuming, additional, Gupta, Rahul, additional, Haghparast Bidgoli, Hassan, additional, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, additional, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, additional, Hamadeh, Randah R, additional, Hamidi, Samer, additional, Haro, Josep Maria, additional, Hassankhani, Hadi, additional, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, additional, Havmoeller, Rasmus, additional, Hendrie, Delia, additional, Henok, Andualem, additional, Híjar, Martha, additional, Hole, Michael K, additional, Homaie Rad, Enayatollah, additional, Hossain, Naznin, additional, Hostiuc, Sorin, additional, Hu, Guoqing, additional, Igumbor, Ehimario U, additional, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, additional, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, additional, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, additional, Ivers, Rebecca Q, additional, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, additional, Jahanmehr, Nader, additional, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, additional, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, additional, Jha, Ravi Prakash, additional, Jonas, Jost B, additional, Jorjoran Shushtari, Zahra, additional, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, additional, Jürisson, Mikk, additional, Kabir, Ali, additional, Kalani, Rizwan, additional, Kasaeian, Amir, additional, Kelbore, Abraham Getachew, additional, Kengne, Andre Pascal, additional, Khader, Yousef Saleh, additional, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, additional, Khalid, Nauman, additional, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, additional, Khoja, Abdullah T, additional, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar A, additional, Kim, Young-Eun, additional, Kim, Daniel, additional, Kisa, Adnan, additional, Koyanagi, Ai, additional, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, additional, Kucuk Bicer, Burcu, additional, Kumar, Manasi, additional, Lalloo, Ratilal, additional, Lam, Hilton, additional, Lami, Faris Hasan, additional, Lansingh, Van C, additional, Leasher, Janet L, additional, Li, Shanshan, additional, Linn, Shai, additional, Lunevicius, Raimundas, additional, Machado, Flavia R, additional, Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan, additional, Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed, additional, Mahotra, Narayan Bahadur, additional, Majdan, Marek, additional, Majeed, Azeem, additional, Malekzadeh, Reza, additional, Malik, Manzoor Ahmad, additional, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, additional, Manda, Ana-Laura, additional, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, additional, Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard, additional, Maulik, Pallab K, additional, Meheretu, Hailemariam Abiy Alemu, additional, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, additional, Melese, Addisu, additional, Mendoza, Walter, additional, Mengesha, Melkamu Merid, additional, Meretoja, Tuomo J, additional, Meretoja, Atte, additional, Mestrovic, Tomislav, additional, Miazgowski, Tomasz, additional, Miller, Ted R, additional, Mini, GK, additional, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, additional, Moazen, Babak, additional, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser, additional, Mohammadibakhsh, Roghayeh, additional, Mohammed, Shafiu, additional, Molokhia, Mariam, additional, Monasta, Lorenzo, additional, Mondello, Stefania, additional, Montero-Zamora, Pablo A, additional, Moodley, Yoshan, additional, Moosazadeh, Mahmood, additional, Moradi, Ghobad, additional, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, additional, Morawska, Lidia, additional, Velásquez, Ilais Moreno, additional, Morrison, Shane Douglas, additional, Moschos, Marilita M, additional, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, additional, Murthy, Srinivas, additional, Musa, Kamarul Imran, additional, Naik, Gurudatta, additional, Najafi, Farid, additional, Nangia, Vinay, additional, Nascimento, Bruno Ramos, additional, Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith, additional, Negoi, Ionut, additional, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, additional, Nguyen, Son Hoang, additional, Nguyen, Long Hoang, additional, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, additional, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, additional, Nirayo, Yirga Legesse, additional, Ofori-Asenso, Richard, additional, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, additional, Oh, In-Hwan, additional, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, additional, Olagunju, Andrew T, additional, Olagunju, Tinuke O, additional, Olivares, Pedro R, additional, Orpana, Heather M, additional, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, additional, P A, Mahesh, additional, Pakhale, Smita, additional, Park, Eun-Kee, additional, Patton, George C, additional, Pesudovs, Konrad, additional, Phillips, Michael R, additional, Polinder, Suzanne, additional, Prakash, Swayam, additional, Radfar, Amir, additional, Rafay, Anwar, additional, Rafiei, Alireza, additional, Rahimi, Siavash, additional, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, additional, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, additional, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, additional, Ramezanzadeh, Kiana, additional, Rawaf, Salman, additional, Rawaf, David Laith, additional, Renzaho, Andre M N, additional, Resnikoff, Serge, additional, Rezaeian, Shahab, additional, Roever, Leonardo, additional, Ronfani, Luca, additional, Roshandel, Gholamreza, additional, Sabde, Yogesh Damodar, additional, Saddik, Basema, additional, Salamati, Payman, additional, Salimi, Yahya, additional, Salz, Inbal, additional, Samy, Abdallah M, additional, Sanabria, Juan, additional, Sanchez Riera, Lidia, additional, Santric Milicevic, Milena M, additional, Satpathy, Maheswar, additional, Sawhney, Monika, additional, Sawyer, Susan M, additional, Saxena, Sonia, additional, Saylan, Mete, additional, Schneider, Ione J C, additional, Schwebel, David C, additional, Seedat, Soraya, additional, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, additional, Shaikh, Masood Ali, additional, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, additional, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, additional, Sharif-Alhoseini, Mahdi, additional, Sheikh, Aziz, additional, Shen, Jiabin, additional, Shigematsu, Mika, additional, Shiri, Rahman, additional, Shiue, Ivy, additional, Silva, João Pedro, additional, Singh, Jasvinder A, additional, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, additional, Soares Filho, Adauto Martins, additional, Soriano, Joan B, additional, Soshnikov, Sergey, additional, Soyiri, Ireneous N, additional, Starodubov, Vladimir I, additional, Stein, Dan J, additional, Stokes, Mark A, additional, Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, additional, Sunshine, Jacob E, additional, Sykes, Bryan L, additional, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, additional, Tabb, Karen M, additional, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, additional, Tessema, Gizachew Assefa, additional, Thakur, Jarnail Singh, additional, Tran, Khanh Bao, additional, Tran, Bach Xuan, additional, Tudor Car, Lorainne, additional, Uthman, Olalekan A, additional, Uzochukwu, Benjamin S Chudi, additional, Valdez, Pascual R, additional, Varavikova, Elena, additional, Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Nogales, additional, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, additional, Violante, Francesco S, additional, Vlassov, Vasily, additional, Waheed, Yasir, additional, Wang, Yuan-Pang, additional, Wijeratne, Tissa, additional, Winkler, Andrea Sylvia, additional, Yadav, Priyanka, additional, Yano, Yuichiro, additional, Yenesew, Muluken Azage, additional, Yip, Paul, additional, Yisma, Engida, additional, Yonemoto, Naohiro, additional, Younis, Mustafa Z, additional, Yu, Chuanhua, additional, Zafar, Shamsa, additional, Zaidi, Zoubida, additional, Zaman, Sojib Bin, additional, Zamani, Mohammad, additional, Zhao, Yong, additional, Zodpey, Sanjay, additional, Hay, Simon I, additional, Lopez, Alan D, additional, Mokdad, Ali H, additional, and Vos, Theo, additional

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2020
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49. Measuring progress from 1990 to 2017 and projecting attainment to 2030 of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author

Lozano, Rafael, Fullman, Nancy, Abate, Degu, Abay, Solomon M, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbasi, Nooshin, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdela, Jemal, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdel-Rahman, Omar, Abdi, Alireza, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, Abebe, Nebiyu Dereje, Abebe, Zegeye, Abejie, Ayenew Negesse, Abera, Semaw F, Abil, Olifan Zewdie, Aboyans, Victor, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, Abrham, Aklilu Roba, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen Me, Abyu, Gebre Y, Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou, Acharya, Dilaram, Acharya, Pawan, Adamu, Abdu A, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, Adhena, Beyene Meressa, Adhikari, Tara Ballav, Adib, Mina G, Adou, Arsène Kouablan, Adsuar, Jose C, Afarideh, Mohsen, Afshari, Mahdi, Afshin, Ashkan, Agarwal, Gina, Aghayan, Sargis Aghasi, Agius, Dominic, Agrawal, Anurag, Agrawal, Sutapa, Ahmadi, Alireza, Ahmadi, Mehdi, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Ahmed, Sayem, Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie, Akanda, Ali S, Akbari, Mohammad Esmaeil, Akibu, Mohammed, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akseer, Nadia, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Tahiya, Albujeer, Ammar, Alebel, Animut, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Alhabib, Samia, Ali, Raghib, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Allen, Christine A, Almasi, Ali, Al-Maskari, Fatma, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M, Alonso, Jordi, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Amenu, Kebede, Amini, Erfan, Ammar, Walid, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Anderson, Jason A, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Androudi, Sofia, Animut, Megbaru Debalkie, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansari, Hossein, Ansariadi, Ansariadi, Ansha, Mustafa Geleto, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Anwari, Palwasha, Appiah, Lambert Tetteh, Aremu, Olatunde, Areri, Habtamu Abera, Ärnlöv, Johan, Arora, Monika, Aryal, Krishna K, Asayesh, Hamid, Asfaw, Ephrem Tsegay, Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal, Asghar, Rana Jawad, Assadi, Reza, Ataro, Zerihun, Atique, Suleman, Atre, Sachin R, Atteraya, Madhu Sudhan, Ausloos, Marcel, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Avokpaho, Euripide F G A, Awasthi, Ashish, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayele, Henok Tadesse, Ayele, Yohanes, Ayer, Rakesh, Azarpazhooh, Mahmoud Reza, Azzopardi, Peter S, Azzopardi-Muscat, Natasha, Babalola, Tesleem Kayode, Babazadeh, Arefeh, Badali, Hamid, Badawi, Alaa, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Bali, Ayele Geleto, Banach, Maciej, Banerjee, Amitava, Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar, Banstola, Amrit, Barac, Aleksandra, Barboza, Miguel A, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barrero, Lope H, Barthelemy, Celine M, Bassat, Quique, Basu, Arindam, Basu, Sanjay, Battista, Robert J, Baune, Bernhard T, Baynes, Habtamu Wondifraw, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Behzadifar, Masoud, Behzadifar, Meysam, Béjot, Yannick, Bekele, Bayu Begashaw, Belachew, Abate Bekele, Belay, Aregawi Gebreyesus, Belay, Saba Abraham, Belay, Yihalem Abebe, Bell, Michelle L, Bello, Aminu K, Bennett, Derrick A, Bensenor, Isabela M, Benzian, Habib, Berhane, Adugnaw, Berhe, Abadi Kidanemariam, Berman, Adam E, Bernabe, Eduardo, Bernstein, Robert S, Bertolacci, Gregory J, Beuran, Mircea, Beyranvand, Tina, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhalla, Ashish, Bhansali, Anil, Bhattarai, Suraj, Bhaumik, Soumyadeep, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Biadgo, Belete, Biehl, Molly H, Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Boris, Bililign, Nigus, Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat, Birlik, Sait Mentes, Birungi, Charles, Bisanzio, Donal, Biswas, Tuhin, Bitew, Helen, Bizuneh, Hailemichael, Bjertness, Espen, Bobasa, Eshetu Mulisa, Boufous, Soufiane, Bourne, Rupert, Bozorgmehr, Kayvan, Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi, Brainin, Michael, Brant, Luisa C, Brauer, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, Briant, Paul Svitil, Britton, Gabrielle, Brugha, Traolach, Bukhman, Gene, Busse, Reinhard, Butt, Zahid A, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Callender, Charlton SKH, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, Campuzano Rincon, Julio Cesar, Cano, Jorge, Car, Josip, Car, Mate, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan J, Carter, Austin, Carvalho, Félix, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Castillo Rivas, Jacqueline, Castro, Franz, Causey, Kate, Çavlin, Alanur, Cercy, Kelly M, Cerin, Ester, Chaiah, Yazan, Chalek, Julian, Chang, Hsing-Yi, Chang, Jung-Chen, Chattopadhyay, Aparajita, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chaturvedi, Pankaj, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Chin, Ken Lee, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Chitheer, Abdulaal, Choi, Jee-Young J, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Hanne, Christopher, Devasahayam J, Chung, Sheng-Chia, Cicuttini, Flavia M, Ciobanu, Liliana G, Cirillo, Massimo, Claro, Rafael M, Claßen, Thomas Khaled Dwayne, Cohen, Aaron J, Collado-Mateo, Daniel, Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Leslie Trumbull, Cornaby, Leslie, Cortinovis, Monica, Costa, Megan, Cousin, Ewerton, Cromwell, Elizabeth A, Crowe, Christopher Stephen, Cunningham, Matthew, Daba, Alemneh Kabeta, Dadi, Abel Fekadu, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dang, Anh Kim, Dargan, Paul I, Daryani, Ahmad, Das, Siddharth K, Das Gupta, Rajat, das Neves, José, Dasa, Tamirat Tesfaye, Dash, Aditya Prasad, Davis, Adrian C, Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil, Davletov, Kairat, Dayama, Anand, de Courten, Barbora, De Leo, Diego, De Neve, Jan-Walter, De Steur, Hans, Degefa, Meaza Girma, Degenhardt, Louisa, Degfie, Tizta Tilahun, Deiparine, Selina, Dellavalle, Robert P, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, Demtsu, Balem, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Deribe, Kebede, Dervenis, Nikolaos, Dessie, Getenet Ayalew, Dey, Subhojit, Dharmaratne, Samath D, Dhimal, Meghnath, Dicker, Daniel, Dinberu, Mesfin Tadese, Ding, Eric L, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Huyen Phuc, Dokova, Klara, Doku, David Teye, Douwes-Schultz, Dirk, Driscoll, Tim Robert, Duan, Leilei, Dubey, Manisha, Dubljanin, Eleonora, Duken, Eyasu Ejeta, Duncan, Bruce B, Duraes, Andre R, Ebrahimpour, Soheil, Edvardsson, David, El Bcheraoui, Charbel, Eldrenkamp, Erika, El-Khatib, Ziad, Elyazar, Iqbal RF, Enayati, Ahmadali, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Eshrati, Babak, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esteghamati, Alireza, Esteghamati, Sadaf, Estep, Kara, Fakhar, Mahdi, Fakhim, Hamed, Fanzo, Jessica, Faramarzi, Mahbobeh, Fareed, Mohammad, Farhadi, Farzaneh, Farid, Talha A, Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sá, Farioli, Andrea, Faro, Andre, Farvid, Maryam S, Farzadfar, Farshad, Farzaei, Mohammad Hosein, Farzam, Hossein, Fazaeli, Ali Akbar, Fazeli, Mir Sohail, Feigin, Valery L, Feigl, Andrea B, Fekadu, Wubalem, Feldman, Rachel, Fentahun, Netsanet, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Fernandes, Joao C, Feyissa, Garumma Tolu, Fijabi, Daniel Obadare, Filip, Irina, Finegold, Samuel, Finger, Jonas David, Fischer, Florian, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Flor, Luisa Sorio, Foigt, Nataliya A, Foreman, Kyle J, Frank, Tahvi D, Franklin, Richard Charles, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Fukutaki, Kai, Fuller, John E, Fürst, Thomas, Furtado, João M, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Gallus, Silvano, Gankpe, Fortune Gbetoho, Gansevoort, Ron T, Garcia, Ana Cristina, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L, Garcia-Gordillo, Miguel A, Gardner, William M, Gebre, Abadi Kahsu, Gebre, Teshome, Gebregergs, Gebremedhin Berhe, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Gebremichael, Bereket, Gebremichael, Teklu Gebrehiwo, Gelano, Tilayie Feto, Geleijnse, Johanna M, Geramo, Yilma Chisha Dea, Getachew, Sefonias, Gething, Peter W, Gezae, Kebede Embaye, Ghadami, Mohammad Rasoul, Ghadimi, Reza, Ghadiri, Keyghobad, Ghasemi-Kasman, Maryam, Ghiasvand, Hesam, Ghimire, Mamata, Ghoshal, Aloke Gopal, Giampaoli, Simona, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Gill, Tiffany K, Giussani, Giorgia, Gnedovskaya, Elena V, Goldberg, Ellen M, Goli, Srinivas, Gona, Philimon N, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Gorman, Taren M, Goto, Atsushi, Goulart, Alessandra C, Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia, Grada, Ayman, Griswold, Max G, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gugnani, Harish Chander C, Guillemin, Francis, Guimaraes, Andre Luiz Sena, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Prakash C, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Tanush, Ha, Giang Hai, Haagsma, Juanita A, Hachinski, Vladimir, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Haghparast Bidgoli, Hassan, Hagos, Tekleberhan B, Haile, Michael Tamene, Hailegiyorgis, Tewodros Tesfa, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, Hamadeh, Randah R, Hamidi, Samer, Hankey, Graeme J, Harb, Hilda L, Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, Haririan, Hamidreza, Haro, Josep Maria, Hasan, Mehedi, Hassankhani, Hadi, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hawley, Caitlin N, Hay, Simon I, He, Yihua, Hedayatizadeh-Omran, Akbar, Hegazy, Mohamed I, Heibati, Behzad, Heidari, Behnam, Heidari, Mohsen, Hendrie, Delia, Henok, Andualem, Heredia-Pi, Ileana, Herteliu, Claudiu, Heydarpour, Behzad, Heydarpour, Fatemeh, Heydarpour, Sousan, Hibstu, Desalegn T, Híjar, Martha, Hoek, Hans W, Hoffman, Daniel J, Hole, Michael K, Homaie Rad, Enayatollah, Hoogar, Praveen, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H Dean, Hosseini, Seyed Mostafa, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hotez, Peter J, Hoy, Damian G, Hsairi, Mohamed, Hsiao, Thomas, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, John J, Hughes, Caitlyn, Huynh, Chantal K, Igumbor, Ehimario U, Ikeda, Chad Thomas, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Iqbal, Usman, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Islami, Farhad, Ivers, Rebecca Q, Izadi, Neda, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jahangiry, Leila, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jain, Sudhir Kumar, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jalu, Moti Tolera, Jamal, Amr A, James, Spencer L, Jassal, Simerjot K, Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jha, Vivekanand, Ji, John S, Johnson, Catherine O, Johnson, Sarah C, Jonas, Jost B, Jonnagaddala, Jitendra, Jorjoran Shushtari, Zahra, Joshi, Ankur, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jungari, Suresh Banayya, Jürisson, Mikk, K, Madhanraj, Kabir, Zubair, Kadel, Rajendra, Kahsay, Amaha, Kahssay, Molla, Kalani, Rizwan, Kapil, Umesh, Karami, Manoochehr, Karami Matin, Behzad, Karanikolos, Marina, Karimi, Narges, Karimi, Seyed M, Karimi-Sari, Hamidreza, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassa, Dessalegn H, Kassa, Getachew Mullu, Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale, Kassa, Zemenu Yohannes, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kazemi, Zhila, Karyani, Ali Kazemi, Kazi, Dhruv Satish, KC, Prakash, Kebede, Seifu, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemmer, Laura, Kemp, Grant Rodgers, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Keren, Andre, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khafaei, Behzad, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, Khajavi, Alireza, Khalid, Nauman, Khalil, Ibrahim A, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb, Khan, Muhammad Ali, Khang, Young-Ho, Khanna, Tripti, Khater, Mona M, Khatony, Alireza, Khazaeipour, Zahra, Khazaie, Habibolah, Khoja, Abdullah T, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar A, Kiarie, Helen W, Kibret, Getiye D, Kiirithio, Daniel N, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Jun Y, Kim, Young-Eun, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kinfu, Yohannes, Kinra, Sanjay, Kisa, Adnan, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna, Kissoon, Niranjan, Kivimäki, Mika, Kocarnik, Jonathan M, Kochhar, Sonali, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kolola, Tufa, Kopec, Jacek A, Kosek, Margaret N, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael A, Krishan, Kewal, Krohn, Kristopher J, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kucuk Bicer, Burcu, Kudom, Andreas A, Kulikoff, Xie Rachel, Kumar, G Anil, Kumar, Manasi, Kumar, Pushpendra, Kutz, Michael J, Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe, Lachat, Carl, Lad, Deepesh P, Lad, Sheetal D, Lafranconi, Alessandra, Lagat, Abraham K, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lam, Hilton, Lami, Faris Hasan, Lamichhane, Prabhat, Lan, Qing, Lang, Justin J, Lansingh, Van C, Lansky, Sonia, Larson, Heidi J, Larsson, Anders O, Laryea, Dennis Odai, Lassi, Zohra S, Latifi, Arman, Lau, Kathryn Mei-Ming, Laxmaiah, Avula, Lazarus, Jeffrey V, Leasher, Janet L, Lebedev, Georgy, Ledesma, Jorge R, Lee, James B, 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Subjects
GENDER-DIFFERENCES, SUICIDE, Medicine (all), Burden of Disease Study 2017, SDG, CONSUMPTION, 11 Medical And Health Sciences, GBD, Sustainable Development Goals, PREVENTION, ALCOHOL-USE, CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE, SMOKING PREVALENCE, General & Internal Medicine, factors risk, Medicine and Health Sciences, Human medicine, CESSATION, PERSPECTIVE, TRANSITION
Abstract

Background Efforts to establish the 2015 baseline and monitor early implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) highlight both great potential for and threats to improving health by 2030. To fully deliver on the SDG aim of "leaving no one behind", it is increasingly important to examine the health-related SDGs beyond national-level estimates. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017), we measured progress on 41 of 52 health -related SDG indicators and estimated the health-related SDG index for 195 countries and territories for the period 1990-2017, projected indicators to 2030, and analysed global attainment. Methods We measured progress on 41 health-related S DG indicators from 1990 to 2017, an increase of four indicators since GBD 2016 (new indicators were health worker density, sexual violence by non-intimate partners, population census status, and prevalence of physical and sexual violence [reported separately]). We also improved the measurement of several previously reported indicators. We constructed national-level estimates and, for a subset of health-related SDGs, examined indicator-level differences by sex and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile. We also did subnational assessments of performance for selected countries. To construct the health related SDG index, we transformed the value for each indicator on a scale of 0-100, with 0 as the 2.5th percentile and 100 as the 97.5th percentile of 1000 draws calculated from 1990 to 2030, and took the geometric mean of the scaled indicators by target. To generate projections through 2030, we used a forecasting framework that drew estimates from the broader GBD study and used weighted averages of indicator-specific and country-specific annualised rates of change from 1990 to 2017 to inform future estimates. We assessed attainment of indicators with defined targets in two ways: first, using mean values projected for 2030, and then using the probability of attainment in 2030 calculated from 1000 draws. We also did a global attainment analysis of the feasibility of attaining SDG targets on the basis of past trends. Using 2015 global averages of indicators with defined SDG targets, we calculated the global annualised rates of change required from 2015 to 2030 to meet these targets, and then identified in what percentiles the required global annualised rates of change fell in the distribution of country-level rates of change from 1990 to 2015. We took the mean of these global percentile values across indicators and applied the past rate of change at this mean global percentile to all health-related SDG indicators, irrespective of target definition, to estimate the equivalent 2030 global average value and percentage change from 2015 to 2030 for each indicator. Findings The global median health-related SDG index in 2017 was 59.4 (IQR 35.4-67.3), ranging from a low of 11.6 (95% uncertainty interval 9.6-14.0) to a high of 84.9 (83.1-86.7). SDG index values in countries assessed at the subnational level varied substantially particularly in China and India, although scores in Japan and the UK were more homogeneous. Indicators also varied by SDI quintile and sex, with males having worse outcomes than females for non-communicable disease (NCD) mortality, alcohol use, and smoking, among others. Most countries were projected to have a higher health-related SDG index in 2030 than in 2017, while country-level probabilities of attainment by 2030 varied widely by indicator. Under-5 mortality, neonatal mortality, maternal mortality ratio, and malaria indicators had the most countries with at least 95% probability of target attainment. Other indicators, including NCD mortality and suicide mortality, had no countries projected to meet corresponding SDG targets on the basis of projected mean values for 2030 but showed some probability of attaimnent by 2030. For some indicators, including child malnutrition, several infectious diseases, and most violence measures, the annualised rates of change required to meet SDG targets far exceeded the pace of progress achieved by any country in the recent past. We found that applying the mean global annualised rate of change to indicators without defined targets would equate to about 19% and 22% reductions in global smoking and alcohol consumption, respectively; a 47% decline in adolescent birth rates; and a more than 85% increase in health worker density per 1000 population by 2030. Interpretation The GBD study offers a unique, robust platform for monitoring the health -related SDGs across demographic and geographic dimensions. Our findings underscore the importance of increased collection and analysis of disaggregated data and highlight where more deliberate design or targeting of interventions could accelerate progress in attaining the SDGs. Current projections show that many health -related SDG indicators, NCDs, NCD-related risks, and violence -related indicators will require a concerted shift away from what might have driven past gains curative interventions in the case of NCDs towards multisectoral, prevention -oriented policy action and investments to achieve SDG aims. Notably, several targets, if they are to be met by 2030, demand a pace of progress that no country has achieved in the recent past. The future is fundamentally uncertain, and no model can fully predict what breakthroughs or events might alter the course of the S DGs. What is clear is that our actions or inaction today will ultimately dictate how close the world, collectively, can get to leaving no one behind by 2030. Copyright (C) 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.

Published
2018

50. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author

Stanaway, Jeffrey D., Afshin, Ashkan, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Lim, Stephen S., Abate, Degu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbasi, Nooshin, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdela, Jemal, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, Abebe, Molla, Abebe, Zegeye, Abera, Semaw F., Abil, Olifan Zewdie, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, Abrham, Aklilu Roba, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME, Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou, Acharya, Dilaram, Acharya, Pawan, Adamu, Abdu A., Adane, Akilew Awoke, Adebayo, Oladimeji M., Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, Adekanmbi, Victor, Ademi, Zanfina, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O., Adib, Mina G., Admasie, Amha, Adsuar, Jose C., Afanvi, Kossivi Agbelenko, Afarideh, Mohsen, Agarwal, Gina, Aggarwal, Anju, Aghayan, Sargis Aghasi, Agrawal, Anurag, Agrawal, Sutapa, Ahmadi, Alireza, Ahmadi, Mehdi, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Aichour, Ibtihel, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Akbari, Mohammad Esmaeil, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akseer, Nadia, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M., Alahdab, Fares, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Samiah, Alam, Tahiya, Alashi, Alaa, Alavian, Seyed Moayed, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Ali, Komal, Ali, Syed Mustafa, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T., Ammar, Walid, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Anderson, Jason A., Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Androudi, Sofia, Animut, Megbaru Debalkie, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansha, Mustafa Geleto, Antó, Josep M., Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Anwari, Palwasha, Appiah, Lambert Tetteh, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, Arabloo, Jalal, Aremu, Olatunde, Ärnlöv, Johan, Artaman, Al, Aryal, Krishna K., Asayesh, Hamid, Ataro, Zerihun, Ausloos, Marcel, Avokpaho, Euripide F.G.A., Awasthi, Ashish, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayer, Rakesh, Ayuk, Tambe B., Azzopardi, Peter S., Babazadeh, Arefeh, Badali, Hamid, Badawi, Alaa, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Bali, Ayele Geleto, Ball, Kylie, Ballew, Shoshana H., Banach, Maciej, Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar, Barac, Aleksandra, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barrero, Lope H., Basu, Sanjay, Baune, Bernhard T., Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Behzadifar, Masoud, Behzadifar, Meysam, Béjot, Yannick, Bekele, Bayu Begashaw, Bekru, Eyasu Tamru, Belay, Ezra, Belay, Yihalem Abebe, Bell, Michelle L., Bello, Aminu K., Bennett, Derrick A., Bensenor, Isabela M., Bergeron, Gilles, Berhane, Adugnaw, Bernabe, Eduardo, Bernstein, Robert S., Beuran, Mircea, Beyranvand, Tina, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhalla, Ashish, Bhattarai, Suraj, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Biadgo, Belete, Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Boris, Bilano, Ver, Bililign, Nigus, Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat, Bisanzio, Donal, Biswas, Tuhin, Bjørge, Tone, Blacker, Brigette F., Bleyer, Archie, Borschmann, Rohan, Bou-Orm, Ibrahim R., Boufous, Soufiane, Bourne, Rupert, Brady, Oliver J., Brauer, 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Driscoll, Tim R., Dubey, Manisha, Dubljanin, Eleonora, Duken, Eyasu Ejeta, Duncan, Bruce B., Duraes, Andre R., Ebert, Natalie, Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, Ebrahimpour, Soheil, Edvardsson, David, Effiong, Andem, Eggen, Anne Elise, El Bcheraoui, Charbel, El-Khatib, Ziad, Elyazar, Iqbal Rf, Enayati, Ahmadali, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Er, Benjamin, Erskine, Holly E., Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esteghamati, Alireza, Estep, Kara, Fakhim, Hamed, Faramarzi, Mahbobeh, Fareed, Mohammad, Farid, Talha A., Farinha, Carla Sofia E.sá, Farioli, Andrea, Faro, Andre, Farvid, Maryam S., Farzaei, Mohammad Hosein, Fatima, Batool, Fay, Kairsten A., Fazaeli, Ali Akbar, Feigin, Valery L., Feigl, Andrea B., Fereshtehnejad, Seyed Mohammad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Fernandes, Joao C., Ferrara, Giannina, Ferrari, Alize J., Ferreira, Manuela L., Filip, Irina, Finger, Jonas David, Fischer, Florian, Foigt, Nataliya A., Foreman, Kyle J., Fukumoto, Takeshi, Fullman, Nancy, Fürst, Thomas, Furtado, João M., Futran, Neal D., Gall, Seana, 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Dean, Hosseini, Seyed Mostafa, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hoy, Damian G., Hsairi, Mohamed, Hsiao, Thomas, Hu, Guoqing, Hu, Howard, Huang, John J., Hussen, Mamusha Aman, Huynh, Chantal K., Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Ikeda, Nayu, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Iqbal, Usman, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Islami, Farhad, Jackson, Maria D., Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jahangiry, Leila, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jain, Sudhir Kumar, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, James, Spencer L., Jassal, Simerjot K., Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jha, Vivekanand, Ji, John S., Jonas, Jost B., Jonnagaddala, Jitendra, Jorjoran Shushtari, Zahra, Joshi, Ankur, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Zubair, Kahsay, Amaha, Kalani, Rizwan, Kanchan, Tanuj, Kant, Surya, Kar, Chittaranjan, Karami, Manoochehr, Karami Matin, Behzad, Karch, André, Karema, Corine, Karimi, Narges, Karimi, Seyed M., Kasaeian, Amir, Kassa, Dessalegn H., Kassa, Getachew Mullu, Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale, Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kazemi, Zhila, Karyani, Ali Kazemi, Kefale, Adane Teshome, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemp, Grant Rodgers, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Keren, Andre, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khafaei, Behzad, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, Khajavi, Alireza, Khalid, Nauman, Khalil, Ibrahim A., Khan, Gulfaraz, Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb, Khan, Muhammad Ali, Khang, Young Ho, Khater, Mona M., Khazaei, Mohammad, Khazaie, Habibolah, Khoja, Abdullah T., Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar A., Kiirithio, Daniel N., Kim, Cho Il, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Young Eun, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Kinfu, Yohannes, Kisa, Adnan, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna, Kivimäki, Mika, Knibbs, Luke D., Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo, Kochhar, Sonali, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kolola, Tufa, Kopec, Jacek A., Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael A., Krishan, Kewal, Krohn, Kristopher J., Kromhout, Hans, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kucuk Bicer, Burcu, Kumar, G. Anil, Kumar, Manasi, Kuzin, Igor, Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe, Lachat, Carl, Lad, Deepesh P., Lad, Sheetal D., Lafranconi, Alessandra, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lami, Faris Hasan, Lang, Justin J., Lansingh, Van C., Larson, Samantha Leigh, Latifi, Arman, Lazarus, Jeffrey V., Lee, Paul H., Leigh, James, Leili, Mostafa, Leshargie, Cheru Tesema, Leung, Janni, Levi, Miriam, Lewycka, Sonia, Li, Shanshan, Li, Yichong, Liang, Juan, Liang, Xiaofeng, Liao, Yu, Liben, Misgan Legesse, Lim, Lee Ling, Linn, Shai, Liu, Shiwei, Lodha, Rakesh, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Lopez, Alan D., Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A., Lozano, Rafael, Lucas, Tim C.D., Lunevicius, Raimundas, Ma, Stefan, Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King, Machado, Ísis Eloah, Madotto, Fabiana, Mai, Hue Thi, Majdan, Marek, Majdzadeh, Reza, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A., Manda, Ana Laura, Manguerra, Helena, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni, Maravilla, Joemer C., Marcenes, Wagner, Marks, Ashley, Martin, Randall V., Martins, Sheila C.O., Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, März, Winfried, Marzan, Melvin B., Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard, Mathur, Manu Raj, Mathur, Prashant, Matsushita, Kunihiro, Maulik, Pallab K., Mazidi, Mohsen, McAlinden, Colm, McGrath, John J., McKee, Martin, Mehrotra, Ravi, Mehta, Kala M., Mehta, Varshil, Meier, Toni, Mekonnen, Fantahun Ayenew, Melaku, Yohannes A., Melese, Addisu, Melku, Mulugeta, Memiah, Peter T.N., Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese, Mensah, George A., Mensink, Gert B.M., Mereta, Seid Tiku, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mestrovic, Tomislav, Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Millear, Anoushka I., Miller, Ted R., Miller-Petrie, Molly Katherine, Mini, G. K., Mirarefin, Mojde, Mirica, Andreea, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen, Mitiku, Habtamu, Moazen, Babak, Mohajer, Bahram, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammadi, Moslem, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohammadnia-Afrouzi, Mousa, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohebi, Farnam, Mokdad, Ali H., Molokhia, Mariam, Momeniha, Fatemeh, Monasta, Lorenzo, Moodley, Yoshan, Moradi, Ghobad, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moradinazar, Mehdi, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Morgado-Da-Costa, Joana, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Moschos, Marilita M., Mouodi, Simin, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Mozaffarian, Dariush, Mruts, Kalayu Brhane, Muche, Achenef Asmamaw, Muchie, Kindie Fentahun, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, Muhammed, Oumer Sada, Mukhopadhyay, Satinath, Muller, Kate, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Mustafa, Ghulam, Nabhan, Ashraf F., Naghavi, Mohsen, Naheed, Aliya, Nahvijou, Azin, Naik, Gurudatta, Naik, Nitish, Najafi, Farid, Nangia, Vinay, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, Nascimento, Bruno Ramos, Neal, Bruce, Neamati, Nahid, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Neupane, Subas, Newton, Charles Richard James, Ngunjiri, Josephine W., Nguyen, Anh Quynh, Nguyen, Grant, Nguyen, Ha Thu, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Nguyen, Huong Thanh, Nguyen, Minh, Nguyen, Nam Ba, Nichols, Emma, Nie, Jing, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nirayo, Yirga Legesse, Nishi, Nobuo, Nixon, Molly R., Nojomi, Marzieh, Nomura, Shuhei, Norheim, Ole F., Noroozi, Mehdi, Norrving, Bo, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, Nouri, Hamid Reza, Nourollahpour Shiadeh, Malihe, Nowroozi, Mohammad Reza, Nsoesie, Elaine O., Nyasulu, Peter S., Obermeyer, Carla M., Odell, Christopher M., Ofori-Asenso, Richard, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In Hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olagunju, Andrew T., Olagunju, Tinuke O., Olivares, Pedro R., Olsen, Helen Elizabeth, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Ong, Kanyin L., Ong, Sok King, Oren, Eyal, Orpana, Heather M., Ortiz, Alberto, Ota, Erika, Otstavnov, Stanislav S., Øverland, Simon, Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo, P A, Mahesh, Pacella, Rosana, Pakhare, Abhijit P., Pakpour, Amir H., Pana, Adrian, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Park, Eun Kee, Parry, Charles D.H., Parsian, Hadi, Patel, Shanti, Pati, Sanghamitra, Patil, Snehal T., Patle, Ajay, Patton, George C., Paudel, Deepak, Paulson, Katherine R., Paz Ballesteros, Wayra Citlali, Pearce, Neil, Pereira, Alexandre, Pereira, David M., Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Pham, Hai Quang, Phillips, Michael R., Pillay, Julian David, Piradov, Michael A., Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Pischon, Tobias, Pishgar, Farhad, Plana-Ripoll, Oleguer, Plass, Dietrich, Polinder, Suzanne, Polkinghorne, Kevan R., Postma, Maarten J., Poulton, Richie, Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Prakash, Swayam, Prasad, Narayan, Purcell, Caroline A., Purwar, Manorama B., Qorbani, Mostafa, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahim, Fakher, Rahimi, Zohreh, Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz ur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajati, Fatemeh, Rajsic, Sasa, Raju, Sree Bhushan, Ram, Usha, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Ranjan, Prabhat, Rath, Goura Kishor, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Reddy, K. 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Subjects
Science & Technology, GBD, risks, risk factors, comparative risk assesment, Dalys, Medicine (all), CHOLESTEROL, BLOOD-PRESSURE, 11 Medical And Health Sciences, ILLNESS, TRENDS, humanities, Medicine, General & Internal, TOBACCO CONTROL, General & Internal Medicine, parasitic diseases, Medicine and Health Sciences, CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASES, TRIAL, Human medicine, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, METAANALYSIS
Abstract

Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk–outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improved methods, new risks and risk–outcome pairs, and new data on risk exposure levels and risk– outcome associations. Methods We used the CRA framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or groups of risks from 1990 to 2017. This study included 476 risk–outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from 46 749 randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We explored the relationship between development and risk exposure by modelling the relationship between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and risk-weighted exposure prevalence and estimated expected levels of exposure and risk-attributable burden by SDI. Finally, we explored temporal changes in risk-attributable DALYs by decomposing those changes into six main component drivers of change as follows: (1) population growth; (2) changes in population age structures; (3) changes in exposure to environmental and occupational risks; (4) changes in exposure to behavioural risks; (5) changes in exposure to metabolic risks; and (6) changes due to all other factors, approximated as the risk-deleted death and DALY rates, where the risk-deleted rate is the rate that would be observed had we reduced the exposure levels to the TMREL for all risk factors included in GBD 2017. Findings In 2017, 34·1 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 33·3–35·0) deaths and 1·21 billion (1·14–1·28) DALYs were attributable to GBD risk factors. Globally, 61·0% (59·6–62·4) of deaths and 48·3% (46·3–50·2) of DALYs were attributed to the GBD 2017 risk factors. When ranked by risk-attributable DALYs, high systolic blood pressure (SBP) was the leading risk factor, accounting for 10·4 million (9·39–11·5) deaths and 218 million (198–237) DALYs, followed by smoking (7·10 million [6·83–7·37] deaths and 182 million [173–193] DALYs), high fasting plasma glucose (6·53 million [5·23–8·23] deaths and 171 million [144–201] DALYs), high body-mass index (BMI; 4·72 million [2·99–6·70] deaths and 148 million [98·6–202] DALYs), and short gestation for birthweight (1·43 million [1·36–1·51] deaths and 139 million [131–147] DALYs). In total, risk-attributable DALYs declined by 4·9% (3·3–6·5) between 2007 and 2017. In the absence of demographic changes (ie, population growth and ageing), changes in risk exposure and risk-deleted DALYs would have led to a 23·5% decline in DALYs during that period. Conversely, in the absence of changes in risk exposure and risk-deleted DALYs, demographic changes would have led to an 18·6% increase in DALYs during that period. The ratios of observed risk exposure levels to exposure levels expected based on SDI (O/E ratios) increased globally for unsafe drinking water and household air pollution between 1990 and 2017. This result suggests that development is occurring more rapidly than are changes in the underlying risk structure in a population. Conversely, nearly universal declines in O/E ratios for smoking and alcohol use indicate that, for a given SDI, exposure to these risks is declining. In 2017, the leading Level 4 risk factor for age-standardised DALY rates was high SBP in four super-regions: central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia; north Africa and Middle East; south Asia; and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania. The leading risk factor in the high-income super-region was smoking, in Latin America and Caribbean was high BMI, and in sub-Saharan Africa was unsafe sex. O/E ratios for unsafe sex in sub-Saharan Africa were notably high, and those for alcohol use in north Africa and the Middle East were notably low. Lancet 2018; 392: 1923–94 *Collaborators listed at the end of the paper Correspondence to: Prof Christopher J L Murray, Institute for Health Metrics and Evalution, Seattle, WA 98121, USA cjlm@uw.edu Global Health Metrics 1924 www.thelancet.com Vol 392 November 10, 2018 Interpretation By quantifying levels and trends in exposures to risk factors and the resulting disease burden, this assessment offers insight into where past policy and programme efforts might have been successful and highlights current priorities for public health action. Decreases in behavioural, environmental, and occupational risks have largely offset the effects of population growth and ageing, in relation to trends in absolute burden. Conversely, the combination of increasing metabolic risks and population ageing will probably continue to drive the increasing trends in non-communicable diseases at the global level, which presents both a public health challenge and opportunity. We see considerable spatiotemporal heterogeneity in levels of risk exposure and risk-attributable burden. Although levels of development underlie some of this heterogeneity, O/E ratios show risks for which countries are overperforming or underperforming relative to their level of development. As such, these ratios provide a benchmarking tool to help to focus local decision making. Our findings reinforce the importance of both risk exposure monitoring and epidemiological research to assess causal connections between risks and health outcomes, and they highlight the usefulness of the GBD study in synthesising data to draw comprehensive and robust conclusions that help to inform good policy and strategic health planning.

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2018

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