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Purpose: In recent decades, a significant number of information technology-based businesses have risen to the top of the world's leading companies list. Until the early years of the third millennium AD, large companies and owners of oil wells and mineral resources, along with industrial production complexes that are several decades and several hundred years old, have been the flagships of the list of the largest and most successful companies in the world. However, this leadership has been astonishingly challenged by IT-based start-ups in the last two decades. The value of the production of information technology businesses from the total production of the world increased by about 29% in approximately 5 years, between 2015 and 2020, reaching $24.615 trillion. The share of the digital economy in the total world economy reached about 25%. In other words, the digital economy has absorbed two and a half percent of the traditional economy in just 5 years. These instances underscore the importance of considering the position of information technology-based businesses. According to the 2018 report of the Ministry of Information Technology, the share of the digital economy in the total gross domestic product of the country is approximately six and a half percent, while the global average of this index is around fifteen percent. This fact highlights the need to focus more on the development of these businesses in the country, which is the rationale for conducting the present research. This research was carried out with the aim of identifying the various dimensions influencing the formation and growth of these businesses and how these factors are interconnected in the country. Method: The present research was conducted in two distinct stages, qualitative and quantitative. Initially, the problem was identified and defined, followed by a review of previous related studies to identify the main dimensions of the model. Subsequently, a total of 12 in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with managers, entrepreneurs, technology policy makers, and information technology experts. Additionally, archival sources were consulted. Through content analysis and the coding method, the research conceptual model was developed, comprising three main categories. In the quantitative phase, the model was refined to form the basis of the research questionnaire. After assessing the content validity, the questionnaire was distributed to three groups within the industry community: 1) managers and executives of relevant businesses, 2) entrepreneurs and business owners, and 3) academic and business experts. Data collected from these questionnaires were analyzed using various statistical tests, and the validity of the model and its structures were confirmed through structural equation modeling. Findings: After conducting the systematic steps of the research and analyzing the data from the experiences of the participants in the qualitative part of the research, three categories were identified as the main ones: internal organizational characteristics, environmental drivers and obstacles, and political factors. Based on the obtained results, policy factors in this model are an exogenous and independent variable that plays a key role in the development of these businesses. This finding confirms the necessity of the government's presence and adoption of policies to support the development of these businesses. According to the results of this research, another crucial dimension directly affected by government policies is environmental factors. The third category of factors indirectly influenced by government policies includes organizational factors. These factors encompass having the right project team and access to expert human resources, the appropriate business model, a focus on innovation and marketing power, and market penetration power. Conclusion: By identifying these factors, the path becomes clearer for the government and other policy-making institutions. The development of the digital economy in the country necessitates simultaneous attention to environmental and internal factors. The government, as a key policy maker, plays a crucial role in fostering digital businesses. Activists and entrepreneurs in this sector view financing as a significant bottleneck in business development. Therefore, it is imperative for relevant institutions to prioritize current policies that support these businesses and facilitate financing for them.

Background: Pyrazolyl borate derivatives are versatile ligands that can be coordinated with transition metals and formated a variety of different coordination modes. Copper complexes are highly active in biological applications and have high bioactivity. Because of the above description and applications, in the present work, synthesis and characterization of pyrazolyl borate derivative ligands and their Cu(II) complex were reported. The structure of the synthesized complex was determined by X-ray crystallography. In addition, the antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds along with the molecular docking of them was investigated. Methods: N-donor pyrazolyl borate derivative ligands abbreviated as K[HB(PzMe2)3] and K[H2B(PzMe2)2] and their Cu(II) complex were synthesized and characterized. The synthesized ligands and complex were evaluated for antibacterial activities against the gram-positive (B. subtilis) and the gram-negative (S. enterica) bacteria. Also, their molecular docking with B. subtilis SMC head domain (PDB ID: 5H67) as the possible targets was investigated. Results: The in vitro and in silico results showed, among the investigated compounds, complex [Cu(H2B(PzMe2)2)(HB(PzMe2)3)] indicated the highest antibacterial activity. Also, the Statistical analysis showed that the difference between the obtained data was significant. Conclusion: We have synthesized N-donor pyrazolyl borate derivatives and their copper (II) complex. Single X-ray results indicated the Cu(II) complex adopted an N5 environment around the metal center with a distorted square pyramidal geometry. The obtained binding energy of molecular docking studies is in direct correlation with the in vitro antibacterial studies. Briefly, the reported Cu(II) complex may be considered as a potential antibacterial candidate.

IntroductionIn recent decades, a large number of information technology-based businesses have risen to the top of the world's top companies list. Until the early years of the third millennium AD, large companies and owners of oil wells and mineral resources, along with industrial production complexes that are several decades and several hundred years old, have been the flagships of the list of the largest and most successful companies in the world, but this dominance has been challenged by IT-based start-ups during the last two decades. According to the report of the Economist magazine, between the years 2006 and 2016, the top of the list of the world's top companies was suddenly empty of companies active in the fields of energy and production, and their places were filled by information technology young companies. These changes are clear examples of the transition of the world economy from resource-oriented to data-oriented.According to international reports, the value of the production of information technology businesses from the total production of the world’s economy has increased by 29% in the period of 5 years, between 2015 and 2020, reaching 24 trillion and 615 billion dollars, and the share of the digital economy has reached 25% of the total world economy. In other words, the digital economy has swallowed two and a half percent of the share of the traditional economy in 5 years. (UNCTAD, 2019)These facts show the need to pay attention to the position of businesses based on information technology.Theoretical LiteratureIT-based businessesBusinesses that convey their value proposition to customers through various information technology tools, and the main components of their business model are based on information technology, are called information technology-based businesses.Digital EconomyThere are three defined levels in the definition of digital economy. Its limited definition as the main core of the digital economy includes specialized products in the field of information and communication technology, including hardware production, software development, and the provision of Internet and telecommunication services. In the second level, in addition to the central core, it also includes the added value resulting from digital platforms and services. The third level of definition, referred to in the literature as the digitized economy, includes the added value resulting from the use of information technology in all industries.MethodologyThe present research is based on a model that is the product of a qualitative study. The mentioned model became the basis for designing the research questionnaire. After evaluating the validity of the content, the designed questionnaire was sent to a community consisting of three different groups of industry activists, and the received data was analyzed using the Structural Equations Method.ResultsAfter conducting the tests and making the corrections, the final research model was confirmed, consisting of 5 main categories and 22 subcategories or indicators. The main categories counted include 1) organizational factors, 2) environmental factors, 3) policy factors, 4) economic results, and 5) non-economic results.Internal characteristics refer to the factors that a business must focus on for success. In other words, if the following factors are present in a business, the chance of being successful in the market are much higher than that in businesses that did not pay attention to these factors. In other words, this group of factors refers to the internal coordinates of businesses prone to growth and development. These factors include the right project team, business model, specialized human resources, access to financial resources, innovation, and effective marketing.The second group of factors affecting the development of businesses under research are environmental factors. These factors include five categories of sanctions, inappropriate laws, weak information technology infrastructure, economic stagnation of the country, and problems of the information technology innovation system.The third category of factors explained in this research is the role of the government in the development of such businesses in the country. These factors have focused on how the government intervenes in this matter in such a way as to facilitate and accelerate the growth of these businesses. Although these factors are also relevant for businesses in different sectors, the examples of these policies in IT businesses and how the government supports them are different.ConclusionBased on the results of this research, policy factors in this model are an exogenous and independent variable that plays a key role in the development of this category of businesses. This issue confirms the necessity of the government's presence and adoption of policies to support the development of these businesses.

Background: The development of the pyrazole-based complexes is greatly enhanced due to the identification of their structure as medicinal application. Keeping in view therapeutic and biological activities of pyrazoles based compounds and the potential of transition metals in the antimicrobial application area, we find it vital to join the chemistry of both moieties in designing and developing biometal compounds which could aggressively work against various bacterial species and cancer cells. In this work, we report the synthesis and characterization of copper (II), nickel (II) and cobalt (II) complexes of dihydrobis(pyrazolyl)borate ligands. Also, antibacterial activities, MTT assay and molecular docking of these compounds were investigated. Methods: A bidentate N-donor pyrazole-based ligand abbreviated as K[H2B(PzMe2)2] and corresponding complexes with Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) were synthesized and characterized. The anticancer activities of the synthesized compounds were studied against the (MDA-MB-231) cell lines. The antibacterial investigations of the synthesized compounds against the gram-positive (B. subtilis) and the gram-negative (S. enterica) bacteria were performed. In addition, molecular docking of the synthesized compounds with YmaH (PDB ID: 3HSB) protein, ecKAS III (PDB ID:1HNJ) protein and DNA dodecamer (PDB ID: 1BNA) as the possible targets was studied. Results: The result showed among the investigated compounds, complex [Cu(H2B(PzMe2)2)2] indicated the highest cytotoxicity and bacterial inhibition. Conclusion: In summary, we have synthesized a type of N- donor pyrazole-based ligand and corresponding metal complexes. In silico molecular docking along with the experimental MTT assay and antibacterial studies, indicated the metal complexes are more bioactive than free ligand and can be excellent candidates for further evaluations in the biological area.

Abstract The purpose of this research, which was conducted with a quantitative approach and using a questionnaire tool, is to validate one of the conceptual models available in the literature and provide a framework of factors affecting the development of the digital economy in Iran. The statistical population of this research includes the founders, managers, employees and experts of businesses based on information technology and digital economy activists in the country, and the minimum sample size for the validity of the results according to the method used for quantitative analysis is 160. In this research, the findings of the reference qualitative research were implemented in the form of a questionnaire using the Google Form tool and sent to a community of industry activists. The data received through 240 completed questionnaires were analyzed using the confirmatory factor analysis method, and the results were presented in the form of a final model. The results of this research show that the development of the digital economy requires simultaneous attention to environmental factors and inter-organizational factors, and the government as a policy maker plays a key role in the development of digital businesses. Extended Abstract Introduction In recent decades, a large number of information technology-based businesses have risen to the top of the world's top companies list. Until the early years of the third millennium AD, large companies and owners of oil wells and mineral resources, along with industrial production complexes that are several decades and several hundred years old, have been the flagships of the list of the largest and most successful companies in the world, but this dominance has been challenged by IT-based start-ups during the last two decades. According to a report by Economist magazine, and from 2006 to 2016, the top of the world's top companies was suddenly evacuated from the active companies in the field of energy and production, and the information technology companies captured the vacant place. These changes is a clear sample of transient of the world economy from source-based to data-based, Challenging the position of super companies such as ExxonMobil and Royal Dutch Shell by emerging companies like Alphabet and Facebook are clear signs of the digitization of industries and the superiority of the digital economy over the traditional world economy. The value of the production of information technology businesses from the total production of the world has increased by 29% in the period of 5 years, between 2015 and 2020, has reached 24 trillion and 615 billion dollars, and the share of the digital economy has reached 25% of the total world economy. In other words, the digital economy has swallowed two and a half percent of the share of the traditional economy in 5 years. (UNCTAD, 2019) These facts show the need to pay attention to the position of businesses based on information technology. According to the importance of the subject and based on the mentioned materials, the main problem of this research is to identify the main factors affecting the development of businesses based on information technology in the country as the most important players of the digital economy era. Theoretical Literature IT-based businesses Businesses that convey their proposed value to customers through various information technology tools, and the main components of their business model are based on information technology, are called information technology-based businesses. In another definition, based on the research done by Witt et al., those businesses whose ways of doing work and creating income change with the changes made in digital technologies can be considered as information technology-based businesses. (Weit et al., 2014) Digital Economy The digital economy is opposed to the classic economy in which economic activities are being done in traditional offline platforms. In the digital economy, all activities are carried out on digital platforms based on information technology. There are three defined levels in the definition of digital economy. Its limited definition as the main core of the digital economy includes specialized products in the field of information and communication technology, including hardware production; software development, and the provision of internet and telecommunication services. In the second level, in addition to the central core, it also includes the added value resulting from digital platforms and services. The third level of definition, referred to in the literature as the digitized economy, includes the added value resulting from the use of information technology in all industries. Kazemian & Mardani (2016) has considered the environmental, organizational, and human factors as the most important factors of the success of the business under study. Khayatian et al, (2014), in order to identify the way of growth of the knowledge-based companies in Iran, have identified environmental features, infrastructure, financial provision, organizing, and human force as the most important factors effective on the growth of these businesses. Methodology The present study is qualitative and applicable, and questionnaire is its data-collecting tool. The questionnaire distribution has been done electronically and in the google form field. The statistical community includes founders, managers, employees, and knowledgeable persons in the information technology businesses, and persons active in the country's field of digital economy, After identifying and defining the problem, previous related studies have been reviewed and the possible dimensions of the model have been identified. Then, the most appropriate and comprehensive conceptual model was selected among the previous researches and with brief modifications, it became the basis for designing the research questionnaire. After evaluating the validity of the content, the designed questionnaire was sent to a community consisting of three different groups of industry activists and the received data was analyzed using Structural Equations Method. Discussion and Results The inferential statistics was used to test hypothesis, and the spss software was used to investigate the hypotheses of the study. Then the PLS software was used for the conceptual model of the study. After conducting the tests and making corrections, the final research model was confirmed, consisting of 5 main categories and 22 subcategories or indicators. The main categories counted include 1) organizational factors, 2) environmental factors, 3) policy factors, 4) economic results and 5) non-economic results. Internal characteristics refer to the factors that a business must focus on for success. In other words, if the following factors are present in a business, the chances of being successful in the market are much higher than businesses that did not pay attention to these factors. In other words, this group of factors refers to the internal coordinates of businesses prone to growth and development. These factors include: the right project team, business model, specialized human resources, access to financial resources, innovation and effective marketing. The second group of factors affecting the development of businesses under research is environmental factors. These factors include five categories of sanctions, inappropriate laws, weak information technology infrastructure, economic stagnation of the country and problems of the information technology innovation system. The third category of factors explained in this research is the role of the government in the development of such businesses in the country. These factors have focused on how the government intervenes in this matter in such a way as to facilitate and accelerate the growth of these businesses. Although these factors are also relevant for businesses in different sectors, the examples of these policies are different in IT businesses and how the government supports them. Conclusion During the past years, many studies have been conducted on the topic of information technology businesses, but few researches have comprehensively and multi-dimensionally addressed the important factors affecting the growth of these businesses and the development of the digital economy in the country. According to this research gap, the current research was defined. The main result of this study is a conceptual model consisting of several categories of factors affecting the development of the digital economy in Iran. The scientific contribution of this study is the quantitative validation of the mentioned model and the explanation of the relationship between the identified factors in the ecosystem of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The present study was conducted to investigate the effective factors of the development of thchnology information-based businesses in Iran. One of the important results of the current research is to emphasize the key role of the government and the policy-making departments of governance as an independent factor in the development of these businesses. This issue confirms the necessity of the government's presence in this area and the need to adopt supportive policies for the growth of these businesses and the development of the digital economy in the country. Mosleh and Fani have also considered the government as the biggest customer of information technology products and services, have emphasized that the policy making and supporting role of the government in the development of information technology is very important and effective (Mosleh and Fani, 2020). The findings of this research show that other factors affecting the development of these businesses are influenced by government policies. One of these categories is external factors. The high speed of changes in the information and communication technology industry has doubled the importance of paying attention to these factors (Hajipourfard et al, 2021). One of the important indicators under this category of factors is information and communication technology infrastructure. According to international statistics, investment in the development of information technology infrastructure is the driver of economic growth and development of countries (Sayeh Miri and Abbas Khani, 2019; Salehi Abar, 2016). Another important environmental factor is sanctions and economic stagnation, which have made it difficult for companies and related institutions to work in different economic sectors. Another group of factors that are indirectly influenced by policy factors are organizational characteristics. These factors include the right project team and access to expert human resources, the right business model, innovation and marketing. Ghazinouri and his colleagues have also pointed out the importance of specialized human resources in the success of the research subject businesses. (Ghazi Nouri et al, 2019) According to the model of this research, the results of the development of these businesses can be classified in two parts: economic results and non-economic results. Productivity growth, economic prosperity and employment are among the most important economic consequences of digital economy development. These findings have been confirmed in other studies such as Amjadi and Shafei and Salehi Abar. Amjadi and Shafei have found a direct relationship between the development of information technology and the growth of productivity. (Amjadi and Shafei, 2017) In Salehi Abar's research, the effect of information technology development on the country's economic growth is also highlighted. (Salehi Abar, 2016) The second category of digital economy development results in the country are long term non-economic results, which include protecting the environment, promoting entrepreneurial culture, and promoting information transparency. The findings of this research can effectively help policymakers in the field of digital economy and clarify the way of the government in the optimal allocation of support resources for these businesses.

Providing information about the role of the major elements controlling the type of Pliocene deposits in the south­eastern part of the Caspian Basin by assessing regional and global parameters is very important to demonstrate the relationship between the tectono-sedimentary evolution and facies distribution of the area, and thereby discover the fields with the best stratigraphic and structural traps potential. Also, there is an indispensable query: which factors had controlled the the Type of Pliocene Deposits in the Southeastern Caspian Basin, NE Iran? In the present research, the Cheleken and Akchagyl formations with the Pliocene age, as the most potent constituents of reservoir intervals in the Caspian Basin, were investigated by considering facies types and the factors that controlled their variations. This research was done based on field observations, microscopy studies, and 2D seismic interpretations. Interpretation of facies and correlation along three surface stratigraphic sections and eleven exploration wells clearly justify the role of tectono-sedimentary agents controlling the distribution of the Pliocene formations in the Gorgan and Gonbad plains. Furthermore, the thickness of the Cheleken Formation increases towards the South Caspian Basin (SCB), and lithologically, it is mainly composed of conglomerates and gravely sandstones at the marginal parts grading into the silty claystone to marl facies towards the SCB. In addition, deposition of the Cheleken was accompanied by sea-level falling, and rapid subsidence resulted from the uplift and subsequent erosion of the Alborz and Kopet Dagh moun­tains. In contrast, the Akchagyl Formation represents a relatively uniform thickness, and lithologically, it is consists of high-energy carbonate facies in the northeastern Gonbad-e Kavous area changing into the claystone and siltstone facies towards eastern parts of the South Caspian Basin. Ultimately, according to this study, it is found out that Akch­agyl Formation records a major regional transgression and reconnection of the study area to the global oceans, which was confirmed by the presence of marine biota and flat geometry pattern of the sedimentary basin.

Objective: Technology Development Funds (TDFs) are one of the most important innovations and so financing institutions must prioritize identifying and funding technological projects, due to the limitation of financial resources. The objective of this paper is to present a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making model (MCDM) for evaluation and selection of appropriate projects in TDFs and their resource allocation. Methods: In this paper a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods is used. In the first step, important criteria for evaluating technological projects are identified by reviewing literature, reviewing documents and interviewing experts and by using the factor analysis method, the most important criteria in evaluating knowledge-based projects are determined. Then a multi-criteria decision-making model based on the Best-Worst Method (BWM) is presented considering financial, firm, technology, and market analysis and risk criteria. Results: In this study, the results of the evaluation of 20 knowledge-based projects of the applicant for the interest-free loans and industrial production loans from the Innovation and Prosperity Fund (IPF) are presented. The results of the study indicate that the weight of the evaluation criteria has a significant effect on the results of the evaluation and the approval or rejection of projects. Conclusion: A multi-criteria decision-making model based on the Best-Worst Method is presented in this study, that by using it, technology development funds can carefully evaluate the technological projects and accurately allocate limited national financial resources to the best projects. Knowledge-based companies can also focus their strategies and initiatives on critical and important issues, considering important criteria in the evaluations.

In this study, CdS nanoparticles doped with different dopant level of Ho were synthesized by hydrothermal method. The synthesized nanoparticles was characterized by XRD, SEM, EDX, DRS and Uv-Vis. The photocatalytic performance of doped CdS samples were evaluated in degradation of C.I. reactive Red 43under visible light irradiation. Considerable enhancement was obtained by Ho-doped CdS when the dopant molar fraction was 8%. Moreover, the effect of radical scavengers was investigated. Hydroquinone, iodide, carbonate and thiosulphate indicated a strong inhibitory effect in comparing with 1-buthanol and sulfate ion.

This article deals with the buckling analysis of perfectly bonded cross-ply laminated composite plates reinforced by wavy carbon nanotubes (CNTs) under in-plane loads using element free Galerkin (EFG) method based on first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT). The wavy single-walled CNTs and Poly-co-vinylene are used for the fibers and the matrix, respectively. The CNT fibers are distributed in the polymer matrix in four types of arrangements in each layer. The material properties of the laminated nanocomposite plates are estimated through a micromechanical model based on the extended rule of mixture. The minimum potential energy approach is utilized to obtain the governing equations and the stiffness matrices. Full transformation approach is employed to enforce essential boundary conditions. The accuracy and convergency of the EFG method is established by comparing the obtained results with available literature. Then, the effects of CNT volume fraction and waviness, aspect ratio and distribution type of CNTs as well as plate aspect ratio, plate width-to-thickness ratio and boundary conditions on the buckling behaviour of cross-ply laminated functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite (FG-CNTRC) plates are investigated. The numerical results show that the CNT waviness and aspect ratio have significant effects on the buckling behaviour of FG-CNTRC plates.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Fe(C11H19Si)2], consists of one half of a ferrocene derivative. The FeII atom lies on a twofold rotation axis, giving an eclipsed conformation for the cyclopentadienyl ligands. No significant intermolecular interactions are observed in the crystal structure.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [CuCl2(C16H14N2)2], comprises half of the complex. The CuII atom lies on a crystallographic twofold rotation axis and shows a significantly distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry. The dihedral angle between the phenyl rings is 74.3 (2)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by intermolecular π–π interactions [centroid–centroid distances = 3.635 (2)–3.803 (3) Å].

In the title compound, [Ni(NCS)2(C6H10N2)4]·C6H10N2, the asymmetric unit comprises a NiII complex and a co-crystallised molecule of 3,4,5-trimethyl-1H-pyrazole (PzMe3). The NiII atom is coordinated by four PzMe3 molecules and two thiocyanate anions to define a trans N4S2 distorted octahedral geometry. A number of intramolecular N—H...N, N—H...S and C—H...N interactions contribute to the stability of the complex. The crystal structure is stabilized by intermolecular N—H...S interactions, which link neighbouring molecules into chains along the a axis.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Co(C10H16BN4)2], comprises one unit of the complex. The geometry around the CoII ion is a distorted tetrahedron. The dihedral angles between the pyrazole rings in the two ligands are 47.19 (15) and 47.20 (16)°, while that between the coordination planes is 79.77 (7)°.

In the title complex, [CuCl(C3H4N2)(C18H15P)2], the coordination geometry around CuI is distorted tetrahedral formed by two triphenylphosphane ligands, an imidazole ligand and a chloride group. An intramolecular C—H...Cl interaction occurs. The crystal packing is stabilized by intermolecular N—H...Cl hydrogen bonds, which form an extended chain parallel to [010].

In the title complex, [Ag(C16H14N2)2]NO3, the geometry around the AgI ion is T-shaped with two short Ag—N bonds to the pyrazole ligand and one long Ag—O bond to the nitrate anion. The crystal structure is stabilized by intermolecular N—H...O, C—H...O and C—H...π interactions.

The Cu atom in the title compound, [CuBr2(C7H6N2)4], is surrounded by four N-heterocycles that define an N4 square-planar geometry. The coordination geometry is distorted towards an elongated octahedron owing to the presence of the two Br− anions, which are located at about 3 Å above and below the square plane. There are two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit, each with their Cu atom lying on an inversion centre.