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The hyper-IgE syndrome (HIES) is a rare group of primary immunodeficiency characterised by recurrent infections, eczema, and elevated serum levels of IgE. Autosomal dominant HIES is caused by mutations in transcription factor – signal transducer and activator of transcription-3. Autosomal-recessive (AR) HIES was described in 2004 due to mutation of tyrosine kinase 2 gene, and subsequently, another mutation in dedicator of cytokinesis 8 gene was discovered in 2009. Although both the forms have many common clinical features, few characteristic findings help in differentiating them. AR-HIES is characterized by recurrent bacterial and viral infections, atopic eczema, and raised serum IgE levels. We report a case of a 4-year-old girl presenting with the features of AR-HIES to highlight the presentation of this rare disease.

Background: Topical corticosteroids (TCs) are widely used for various indications in dermatology. However, these can cause a plethora of symptoms if overused or abused. Topical steroid damaged face is a relatively new entity which was described in 2008. TC abuse cause a myriad of side effects viz, erythema, telangiectasia, acne, acneiform eruption, hyper/hypopigmentation, rosacea, and photosensitivity when used inappropriately. Aim: The aim of the study was to ascertain the prevalence, demographics, and clinical presentations of TC abuse on faceamong our population. Materials and Methods: This was a cross‑sectional study performed at dermatology department of a tertiary care teaching hospitallocated in eastern India for 1 year. All patients with facial dermatoses attending the outpatient department were asked about use of TC in recent past and those with positive history were included. A detailed clinical evaluation was undertaken and various demographic and clinical data were recorded. Results: A total of 316 patients (53 males, 263 females) presented with topical steroid‑induced facial dermatoses during the entire study period. Majority of them used these agents on suggestion of close friends and relatives, pharmacists, television commercials, and doctors. Mometasone in the form “No‑Scar” preparation was the most commonly abused topical steroid in our study. The most common side effects encountered were steroid‑induced acne (45.2%) or flare of pre‑existing acne followed by erythema and telangiectasia (21.2%), hypertrichosis (6.6%), rosacea (2.2%), and atrophy (1.5%). The most common reason for abusing TC was to get a fairer skin tone. Conclusion: Our study reports the clinical patterns of TC abused facial dermatoses. The fantasy to get a fairer skin among the people of our country has led to the abuse of topical corticosteroids. We conducted this study to create awareness among these patients about the dreadful effects of steroid misuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Numerous dermatological conditions are prevalent in neonatal period, i.e., first 28 days of life with varied presentations ranging from transient self-limiting lesions to serious dermatosis requiring clinical attention. Due to lack of complete knowledge, it is distressing for both parents and treating physician. Objectives: This study was done in eastern part of India to record various dermatosis, and their prevalence compared with other part of country and find association between skin conditions and parameters, namely, sex, parity, gestational age, mode of delivery, and birth weight. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was done in tertiary care hospital entailed recording of 400 neonates having any kind of dermatosis and statistically evaluated using Chi-square test (SPSS) and significance (P < 0.05). Results: Mongolian spot followed by sebaceous gland hyperplasia and epstein pearls were the common dermatologic findings. Physiological desquamation, acrocyanosis, and sebaceous gland hyperplasia were more prevalent in males and was statistically significant while erythema toxicum neonatorum significantly high in females. Epstein pearls, physiological scaling was also significantly high in term babies. Physiological scaling in cesarean patients and acrocyanosis in vaginal delivery was also significantly associated. Some atypical cases such as phakomatosis pigmentovascularis, plantar keratoderma, collodion baby, and congenital whorled hypermelanosis were also present in our study group. Conclusion: Physiological skin lesions are very common in neonates and appreciation of these lesions are important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background:  Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory skin disorder. Several studies have been published regarding its prevalence, demographic details, clinical spectrum, and various associated factors. In our out patient department (OPD), we noticed an increase in the number of cases of CLE in our area in the last few years. Therefore, the current cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the trends of CLE among patients who reported to a tertiary care hospital., Materials and Methods:  The current study is a record-based cross-sectional study of 81 patients of CLE, who attended the dermatology OPD of a tertiary care hospital. Data were collected from 2017 to 2022 and were divided into three different periods of time (2017-2018, 2019-2020, and 2021-2022). Demographic details, clinical examination findings, and laboratory investigation reports were also collected., Results:  There was a rising trend in the cases of CLE. Females outnumbered males (2:1, 66.67%). The increase in cases from 2017-2018 to 2019-2020 was 157% and from 2019-2020 to 2021-2022 was 204%. In 2021-2022, 52% of cases of chronic CLE (CCLE) were males. Photosensitivity was the most common finding. The majority of patients were addicted to smoking., Conclusion: The current study noticed an increasing trend in all types of CLE. So, this rising trend should be investigated for possible triggering factors like climatic changes, infections, and drug factors with a larger sample size., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Nayak et al.)