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1. A systematic review on the risk of neurodegenerative diseases and neurocognitive disorders in professional and varsity athletes

Author: Bellomo, G., Piscopo, P., Corbo, M., Pupillo, E., Stipa, G., Beghi, E., Vanacore, N., and Lacorte, E.
Published: 2022
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2. Global uncertainty in the diagnosis of neurological complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection by both neurologists and non-neurologists: An international inter-observer variability study

Author: Abbariao, Maritoni, Zaki, Shafiq Dexter Abou, Aleksic, Dejan, Aliling, Nicole, Rivas, Susana Arias, Artajos, Godard, Asukile, Melody, Atalar, Arife Çimen, Bae, Jong Seok, Banzrai, Chimeglkham, Bar, Michal, Barone, Valentina, Baykan, Betul, Beghi, Ettore, Berger, Thomas, Bilic, Ivica, Biller, Jose, Boskovic, Mateja, Cabreira, Verónica, Calado, Sofia, Canete, Maria Teresa, Celebisoy, Nese, Chen, Ike Leon, Chishimba, Lorraine, Chomba, Mashina, Constantino, Glenn Anthony, Cotelli, Maria Sofia, De Cauwer, Harald, Debroucker, Thomas, Orantes, Luis Del Carpio, Devaraj, Rashmi, D'Souza, Michelle, Ekizoglu, Esme, Elmali, Ayse Deniz, Fonseca, Ana Catarina, Furloni, Roberto, Gajre, Sunil, Azorin, David Garcia, Garfoot, Vanessa, Gasparic, Irena, Genç, Hamit, Glavica, Marinka, Guanaes, Luiz Gustavo, Gürsoy, Gizem, Hafiz, Nauman, Hasırcı, Buse, Helbok, Raimund, Hor, Chee Peng, Hughes, Stella, Hwang, Sungeun, Kaya, Irem Ilgezdi, Jakupi, Adi, Jamora, Roland Dominic, Kahwagi, Jamil, Kaprelyan, Ara, Kawatu, Nfwama, Kim, Manho, Kim, Hyunji, Kim, Hyun Kyung, Koffie, Desmond, Ladeira, Filipa, Lant, Suzannah, Lee, Woo-Jin, Lee, Sukyoon, Leonardo, Zerlyn, Lim, Christian Emmanuel, Lisak, Marijana, Loh, Hong Chuan, Loo, Lay Khoon, Huzjan, Arijana Lovrencic, Koh, Rosie Sue Luan Lu, Luabeya, Mesu'a Kabwa, Lugaresi, Alessandra, Macrohon, Bernadette, Majdak, Maja, Manalili, Sheryl, Manelli, Filippo, Mapoure, Yacouba Njankouo, Mascarella, Davide, Massano, João, Mataa, Mataa, Matibag, Jessica Leika, Matic-Gerodias, Alexandria, McMullen, Kate, Miranda, Miguel, Modequillo, Margaret, Shoab, Abul Kalam Mohammed, Motto, Cristina, Murphy, Sinead M., Mwendaweli, Naluca, Ng, Chen Fei, Ng, Rong Xiang, Ihsan, Mohd Khairul Nizam Nor, Nyein, Aye Myat, O'Connell, Karen, Oh, Seong-il, Ohnmar, Ohnmar, Özge, Aynur, Pajo, Azalea, Palavra, Filipe, Panteleienko, Larysa, Payne, Catherine, Pensato, Umberto, Peres, João, Peters, Steven, Polat, Burcu, Poljakovic, Zdravka, Punter, Martin Nicholas Michael, Quiles, Liz Edenberg, Ranieri, Angelo, Ratković, Marija, Renales, Maria Lina, Robles, Jose, Bedeković, Marina Roje, Rommer, Paulus, Šapina, Lidija, Sarac, Helena, Saylor, Deanna, Schmutzhard, Erich, Sharma, Anahita, Šimić, Aleksandra, Sipilä, Jussi O.T., Sokhi, Dilraj, Stagno, Mauro, Stancheva, Kristina, Stojsavljević, Marija, Subir, Ahamed, Surdhar, Sushee, Talabucon, Loreto, Jr, Tan, Hui Jan, Teoh, Sing Chiek, Vallejo, Dionis, Velioglu, Sibel K., Vukasović, Rafaela, Kit, Wong Wai, Welte, Tamara, Willekens, Barbara, Yesilot, Nilufer, Yu, Jeryl Ritzi T., Zaw, Moe Moe, Zhelyazkova, Sashka, Žitnik, Eva, Tamborska, A.A., Wood, G.K., Westenberg, E., Garcia-Azorin, D., Webb, G., Schiess, N., Netravathi, M., Baykan, B., Dervaj, R., Helbok, R., Lant, S., Özge, A., Padovani, A., Saylor, D., Schmutzhard, E., Easton, A., Lilleker, J.B., Jackson, T., Beghi, E., Ellul, M.A., Frontera, J.A., Pollak, T., Nicholson, T.R., Wood, N., Thakur, K.T., Solomon, T., Stark, R.J., Winkler, A.S., and Michael, B.D.
Published: 2023
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3. Research considerations for prospective studies of patients with coma and disorders of consciousness

Author: Tinti, L, Lawson, T, Molteni, E, Kondziella, D, Rass, V, Sharshar, T, Bodien, Y, Giacino, J, Mayer, S, Amiri, M, Muehlschlegel, S, Venkatasubba Rao, C, Vespa, P, Menon, D, Citerio, G, Helbok, R, Mcnett, M, Agarwal, S, Aiyagari, V, Akbari, Y, Albertson, A, Alexander, S, Alexandrov, A, Alkhachroum, A, Al-Mufti, F, Appavu, B, Gebrewold, M, Ayounb, M, Badenes, R, Bader, M, Badjiata, N, Balu, R, Barlow, B, Barra, M, Beekman, R, Beghi, E, Beqiri, E, Berlin, T, Bilotta, F, Bleck, T, Boerwinkle, V, Boly, M, Bonnel, A, Brazzi, L, Brown, E, Bulic, S, Caceres, E, Caceres, A, Cafiero, T, Carroll, E, Cediel, E, Chou, S, Claassen, J, Condie, C, Conti, A, Cosmas, K, Costa, P, Creutzfeldt, C, Dangayach, N, Dauri, M, Debicki, D, Degeorgia, M, Der-Nigoghossian, C, Desai, M, Dhar, R, Diringer, M, Durr, E, Edlow, B, Ercole, A, Estraneo, A, Falcone, G, Farrokh, S, Ferguson, A, Fernandez-Espejo, D, Fink, E, Fins, J, Foreman, B, Franchi, F, Frontera, J, Ganesan, R, Gaspard, N, Ghavam, A, Gibbons, C, Gilmore, E, Glustein, C, Gosseries, O, Green, T, Greer, D, Guanci, M, Gupta, D, Hahn, C, Hakimi, R, Hammond, F, Hanley, D, Hartings, J, Hassan, A, Hemphill, C, Da Cunha, A, Hinson, H, Hirsch, K, Hocker, S, Hu, P, Hu, X, Human, T, Hwang, D, Illes, J, Jaffa, M, James, M, Janas, A, Johnson, S, Jones, M, Jox, R, Kalanuria, A, Keller, E, Kennedy, L, Kennelly, M, Keogh, M, Kim, J, Kim, K, Kirsch, H, Kirschen, M, Ko, N, Kreitzer, N, Kromm, J, Kumar, A, Kurtz, P, Laureys, S, Lejeune, N, Lewis, A, Liang, J, Ling, G, Livesay, S, Luppi, A, Macdonald, J, Maddux, C, Mahanes, D, Mainali, S, Maldonado, N, Ribeiro, R, Mascia, L, Massimini, M, Mathur, R, Mccredie, V, Mejia-Mantilla, J, Mendoza, M, Meyfroidt, G, Mijangos, J, Moberg, D, Moheet, A, Montalenti, E, Monti, M, Morrison, C, Munar, M, Murtaugh, B, Naccache, L, Nagayama, M, Nairon, E, Nakagawa, T, Naldi, A, Narenthiran, G, Natarajan, G, Nemetsky, E, Newcombe, V, Nielsen, N, Niznick, N, Noronha-Falcão, F, Nyquist, P, Olson, D, Othman, M, Owen, A, Padayachy, L, Pajoumand, M, Park, S, Pergakis, M, Perry, H, Polizzotto, L, Pouratian, N, Spivack, M, Prisco, L, Provencio, J, Puglises, F, Puybasset, L, Rao, C, Rasmussen, L, Rasulo, F, Ray, B, Ricci, Z, Richardson, R, Shinotsuka, C, Robba, C, Robertson, C, Rohaut, B, Rolston, J, Romagnoli, S, Rosanova, M, Rosenthal, E, Rowe, S, Rubin, M, Russell, M, Silva, G, Sanz, L, Sarasso, S, Sarwal, A, Schiff, N, Schnakers, C, Seder, D, Shah, V, Shapiro-Rosenbaubm, A, Shapshak, A, Sharma, K, Shutter, L, Sitt, J, Slomine, B, Smetana, K, Smielewski, P, Smith, W, Stamatakis, E, Steinberg, A, Stevens, R, Suarez, J, Sung, G, Sussman, B, Taran, S, Mazzeo, A, Thibaut, A, Thompson, D, Threlkeld, Z, Toker, D, Torbey, M, Tosto, J, Trevick, S, Tsaousi, G, Turgeon, A, Udy, A, Varelas, P, Videtta, W, Voss, H, Vox, F, Wagner, A, Wahlster, S, Wainwright, M, Whyte, J, Witherspoon, B, Yakhkind, A, Yeager, S, Young, M, Zafar, S, Zafonte, R, Zahuranec, D, Zammit, C, Zhang, B, Ziai, W, Zimmerman, L, Zink, E, Tinti, Lorenzo, Lawson, Thomas, Molteni, Erika, Kondziella, Daniel, Rass, Verena, Sharshar, Tarek, Bodien, Yelena G, Giacino, Joseph T, Mayer, Stephan A, Amiri, Moshgan, Muehlschlegel, Susanne, Venkatasubba Rao, Chethan P, Vespa, Paul M, Menon, David K, Citerio, Giuseppe, Helbok, Raimund, McNett, Molly, Agarwal, Sachin, Aiyagari, Venkatesh, Akbari, Yama, Albertson, Asher, Alexander, Sheila, Alexandrov, Anne, Alkhachroum, Ayham, Al-Mufti, Fawaz, Amiri, Moshagan, Appavu, Brian, Gebrewold, Meron Awraris, Ayounb, Marc, Badenes, Rafael, Bader, Mary Kay, Badjiata, Neeraj, Balu, Ram, Barlow, Brooke, Barra, Megan, Beekman, Rachel, Beghi, Ettore, Beqiri, Erta, Berlin, Tracey, Bilotta, Federico, Bleck, Thomas, Bodien, Yelena, Boerwinkle, Varina, Boly, Melanie, Bonnel, Alexandra, Brazzi, Luca, Brown, Emery, Bulic, Sebina, Caceres, Eder, Caceres, Adrian, Cafiero, Tullio, Carroll, Elizabeth, Cediel, Emilio G, Chou, Sherry, Claassen, Jan, Condie, Chad, Conti, Alfredo, Cosmas, Katie, Costa, Paolo, Creutzfeldt, Claire, Dangayach, Neha, Dauri, Mario, Debicki, Derek, DeGeorgia, Michael, Der-Nigoghossian, Caroline, Desai, Masoom, Dhar, Rajat, Diringer, Michael, Durr, Emily, Edlow, Brian, Ercole, Ari, Estraneo, Anna, Falcone, Guido, Farrokh, Salia, Ferguson, Adam, Fernandez-Espejo, Davinia, Fink, Ericka, Fins, Joseph, Foreman, Brandon, Franchi, Federico, Frontera, Jennifer, Ganesan, Rishi, Gaspard, Nicolas, Ghavam, Ahmeneh, Giacino, Joseph, Gibbons, Christie, Gilmore, Emily, Glustein, Chavie, Gosseries, Olivia, Green, Theresa, Greer, David, Guanci, Mary, Gupta, Deepak, Hahn, Cecil, Hakimi, Ryan, Hammond, Flora, Hanley, Daniel F, Hartings, Jed, Hassan, Ahmed, Hemphill, Claude, Da Cunha, Arthur Henrique Galvão Bruno, Hinson, Holly, Hirsch, Karen, Hocker, Sarah, Hu, Peter, Hu, Xiao, Human, Theresa, Hwang, David, Illes, Judy, Jaffa, Matthew, James, Michael L, Janas, Anna, Johnson, Susan, Jones, Morgan, Jox, Ralf J, Kalanuria, Atul, Keller, Emanuela, Kennedy, Lori, Kennelly, Megan, Keogh, Maggie, Kim, Jenn, Kim, Keri, Kirsch, Hannah, Kirschen, Matthew, Ko, Nerissa, Kreitzer, Natalie, Kromm, Julie, Kumar, Abhay, Kurtz, Pedro, Laureys, Steven, Lejeune, Nicolas, Lewis, Ariane, Liang, John, Ling, Geoffrey, Livesay, Sarah, Luppi, Andrea, MacDonald, Jennifer, Maddux, Craig, Mahanes, Dea, Mainali, Shraddha, Maldonado, Nelson, Ribeiro, Rennan Martins, Mascia, Luciana, Massimini, Marcello, Mathur, Rohan, Mayer, Stephan, McCredie, Victoria, Mejia-Mantilla, Jorge, Mendoza, Michael, Menon, David, Meyfroidt, Geert, Mijangos, Julio, Moberg, Dick, Moheet, Asma, Montalenti, Elisa, Monti, Martin, Morrison, Chris, Munar, Marina, Murtaugh, Brooke, Naccache, Lionel, Nagayama, Masao, Nairon, Emerson, Nakagawa, Thomas, Naldi, Andrea, Narenthiran, Ganesalingam, Natarajan, Girija, Nemetsky, Esther, Newcombe, Virginia, Nielsen, Niklas, Niznick, Naomi, Noronha-Falcão, Filipa, Nyquist, Paul, Olson, DaiWai, Othman, Marwan, Owen, Adrian, Padayachy, Llewellyn, Pajoumand, Mehrnaz, Park, Soojin, Pergakis, Melissa, Perry, Heidi, Polizzotto, Len, Pouratian, Nader, Spivack, Marilyn Price, Prisco, Lara, Provencio, Javier, Puglises, Francesco, Puybasset, Louis, Rao, Chethan, Rasmussen, Lindsay, Rasulo, Frank, Ray, Bappaditya, Ricci, Zaccaria, Richardson, Risa, Shinotsuka, Cassia Righy, Robba, Chiara, Robertson, Courtney, Rohaut, Benjamin, Rolston, John, Romagnoli, Stefano, Rosanova, Mario, Rosenthal, Eric, Rowe, Shaun, Rubin, Michael, Russell, Mary Beth, Silva, Gisele Sampaio, Sanz, Leandro, Sarasso, Simone, Sarwal, Aarti, Schiff, Nicolas, Schnakers, Caroline, Seder, David, Shah, Vishank Arun, Shapiro-Rosenbaubm, Amy, Shapshak, Angela, Sharma, Kartavya, Sharma, Kumar Ajay, Shutter, Lori, Sitt, Jacobo, Slomine, Beth, Smetana, Keaton, Smielewski, Peter, Smith, Wade, Stamatakis, Emmanuel, Steinberg, Alexis, Stevens, Robert, Suarez, Jose, Sung, Gene, Sussman, Bethany, Taran, Shaurya, Mazzeo, Anna Teresa, Thibaut, Aurore, Thompson, David, Threlkeld, Zachary, Toker, Daniel, Torbey, Michel, Tosto, Jenna, Trevick, Stephen, Tsaousi, Georgia, Turgeon, Alexis, Udy, Andrew, Varelas, Panos, Vespa, Paul, Videtta, Walter, Voss, Henning, Vox, Ford, Wagner, Amy, Wahlster, Sarah, Wainwright, Mark, Whyte, John, Witherspoon, Briana, Yakhkind, Aleksandra (Sasha), Yeager, Susan, Young, Michael, Zafar, Sahar, Zafonte, Ross, Zahuranec, Darin, Zammit, Chris, Zhang, Bei, Ziai, Wendy, Zimmerman, Lara, Zink, Elizabeth, Tinti, L, Lawson, T, Molteni, E, Kondziella, D, Rass, V, Sharshar, T, Bodien, Y, Giacino, J, Mayer, S, Amiri, M, Muehlschlegel, S, Venkatasubba Rao, C, Vespa, P, Menon, D, Citerio, G, Helbok, R, Mcnett, M, Agarwal, S, Aiyagari, V, Akbari, Y, Albertson, A, Alexander, S, Alexandrov, A, Alkhachroum, A, Al-Mufti, F, Appavu, B, Gebrewold, M, Ayounb, M, Badenes, R, Bader, M, Badjiata, N, Balu, R, Barlow, B, Barra, M, Beekman, R, Beghi, E, Beqiri, E, Berlin, T, Bilotta, F, Bleck, T, Boerwinkle, V, Boly, M, Bonnel, A, Brazzi, L, Brown, E, Bulic, S, Caceres, E, Caceres, A, Cafiero, T, Carroll, E, Cediel, E, Chou, S, Claassen, J, Condie, C, Conti, A, Cosmas, K, Costa, P, Creutzfeldt, C, Dangayach, N, Dauri, M, Debicki, D, Degeorgia, M, Der-Nigoghossian, C, Desai, M, Dhar, R, Diringer, M, Durr, E, Edlow, B, Ercole, A, Estraneo, A, Falcone, G, Farrokh, S, Ferguson, A, Fernandez-Espejo, D, Fink, E, Fins, J, Foreman, B, Franchi, F, Frontera, J, Ganesan, R, Gaspard, N, Ghavam, A, Gibbons, C, Gilmore, E, Glustein, C, Gosseries, O, Green, T, Greer, D, Guanci, M, Gupta, D, Hahn, C, Hakimi, R, Hammond, F, Hanley, D, Hartings, J, Hassan, A, Hemphill, C, Da Cunha, A, Hinson, H, Hirsch, K, Hocker, S, Hu, P, Hu, X, Human, T, Hwang, D, Illes, J, Jaffa, M, James, M, Janas, A, Johnson, S, Jones, M, Jox, R, Kalanuria, A, Keller, E, Kennedy, L, Kennelly, M, Keogh, M, Kim, J, Kim, K, Kirsch, H, Kirschen, M, Ko, N, Kreitzer, N, Kromm, J, Kumar, A, Kurtz, P, Laureys, S, Lejeune, N, Lewis, A, Liang, J, Ling, G, Livesay, S, Luppi, A, Macdonald, J, Maddux, C, Mahanes, D, Mainali, S, Maldonado, N, Ribeiro, R, Mascia, L, Massimini, M, Mathur, R, Mccredie, V, Mejia-Mantilla, J, Mendoza, M, Meyfroidt, G, Mijangos, J, Moberg, D, Moheet, A, Montalenti, E, Monti, M, Morrison, C, Munar, M, Murtaugh, B, Naccache, L, Nagayama, M, Nairon, E, Nakagawa, T, Naldi, A, Narenthiran, G, Natarajan, G, Nemetsky, E, Newcombe, V, Nielsen, N, Niznick, N, Noronha-Falcão, F, Nyquist, P, Olson, D, Othman, M, Owen, A, Padayachy, L, Pajoumand, M, Park, S, Pergakis, M, Perry, H, Polizzotto, L, Pouratian, N, Spivack, M, Prisco, L, Provencio, J, Puglises, F, Puybasset, L, Rao, C, Rasmussen, L, Rasulo, F, Ray, B, Ricci, Z, Richardson, R, Shinotsuka, C, Robba, C, Robertson, C, Rohaut, B, Rolston, J, Romagnoli, S, Rosanova, M, Rosenthal, E, Rowe, S, Rubin, M, Russell, M, Silva, G, Sanz, L, Sarasso, S, Sarwal, A, Schiff, N, Schnakers, C, Seder, D, Shah, V, Shapiro-Rosenbaubm, A, Shapshak, A, Sharma, K, Shutter, L, Sitt, J, Slomine, B, Smetana, K, Smielewski, P, Smith, W, Stamatakis, E, Steinberg, A, Stevens, R, Suarez, J, Sung, G, Sussman, B, Taran, S, Mazzeo, A, Thibaut, A, Thompson, D, Threlkeld, Z, Toker, D, Torbey, M, Tosto, J, Trevick, S, Tsaousi, G, Turgeon, A, Udy, A, Varelas, P, Videtta, W, Voss, H, Vox, F, Wagner, A, Wahlster, S, Wainwright, M, Whyte, J, Witherspoon, B, Yakhkind, A, Yeager, S, Young, M, Zafar, S, Zafonte, R, Zahuranec, D, Zammit, C, Zhang, B, Ziai, W, Zimmerman, L, Zink, E, Tinti, Lorenzo, Lawson, Thomas, Molteni, Erika, Kondziella, Daniel, Rass, Verena, Sharshar, Tarek, Bodien, Yelena G, Giacino, Joseph T, Mayer, Stephan A, Amiri, Moshgan, Muehlschlegel, Susanne, Venkatasubba Rao, Chethan P, Vespa, Paul M, Menon, David K, Citerio, Giuseppe, Helbok, Raimund, McNett, Molly, Agarwal, Sachin, Aiyagari, Venkatesh, Akbari, Yama, Albertson, Asher, Alexander, Sheila, Alexandrov, Anne, Alkhachroum, Ayham, Al-Mufti, Fawaz, Amiri, Moshagan, Appavu, Brian, Gebrewold, Meron Awraris, Ayounb, Marc, Badenes, Rafael, Bader, Mary Kay, Badjiata, Neeraj, Balu, Ram, Barlow, Brooke, Barra, Megan, Beekman, Rachel, Beghi, Ettore, Beqiri, Erta, Berlin, Tracey, Bilotta, Federico, Bleck, Thomas, Bodien, Yelena, Boerwinkle, Varina, Boly, Melanie, Bonnel, Alexandra, Brazzi, Luca, Brown, Emery, Bulic, Sebina, Caceres, Eder, Caceres, Adrian, Cafiero, Tullio, Carroll, Elizabeth, Cediel, Emilio G, Chou, Sherry, Claassen, Jan, Condie, Chad, Conti, Alfredo, Cosmas, Katie, Costa, Paolo, Creutzfeldt, Claire, Dangayach, Neha, Dauri, Mario, Debicki, Derek, DeGeorgia, Michael, Der-Nigoghossian, Caroline, Desai, Masoom, Dhar, Rajat, Diringer, Michael, Durr, Emily, Edlow, Brian, Ercole, Ari, Estraneo, Anna, Falcone, Guido, Farrokh, Salia, Ferguson, Adam, Fernandez-Espejo, Davinia, Fink, Ericka, Fins, Joseph, Foreman, Brandon, Franchi, Federico, Frontera, Jennifer, Ganesan, Rishi, Gaspard, Nicolas, Ghavam, Ahmeneh, Giacino, Joseph, Gibbons, Christie, Gilmore, Emily, Glustein, Chavie, Gosseries, Olivia, Green, Theresa, Greer, David, Guanci, Mary, Gupta, Deepak, Hahn, Cecil, Hakimi, Ryan, Hammond, Flora, Hanley, Daniel F, Hartings, Jed, Hassan, Ahmed, Hemphill, Claude, Da Cunha, Arthur Henrique Galvão Bruno, Hinson, Holly, Hirsch, Karen, Hocker, Sarah, Hu, Peter, Hu, Xiao, Human, Theresa, Hwang, David, Illes, Judy, Jaffa, Matthew, James, Michael L, Janas, Anna, Johnson, Susan, Jones, Morgan, Jox, Ralf J, Kalanuria, Atul, Keller, Emanuela, Kennedy, Lori, Kennelly, Megan, Keogh, Maggie, Kim, Jenn, Kim, Keri, Kirsch, Hannah, Kirschen, Matthew, Ko, Nerissa, Kreitzer, Natalie, Kromm, Julie, Kumar, Abhay, Kurtz, Pedro, Laureys, Steven, Lejeune, Nicolas, Lewis, Ariane, Liang, John, Ling, Geoffrey, Livesay, Sarah, Luppi, Andrea, MacDonald, Jennifer, Maddux, Craig, Mahanes, Dea, Mainali, Shraddha, Maldonado, Nelson, Ribeiro, Rennan Martins, Mascia, Luciana, Massimini, Marcello, Mathur, Rohan, Mayer, Stephan, McCredie, Victoria, Mejia-Mantilla, Jorge, Mendoza, Michael, Menon, David, Meyfroidt, Geert, Mijangos, Julio, Moberg, Dick, Moheet, Asma, Montalenti, Elisa, Monti, Martin, Morrison, Chris, Munar, Marina, Murtaugh, Brooke, Naccache, Lionel, Nagayama, Masao, Nairon, Emerson, Nakagawa, Thomas, Naldi, Andrea, Narenthiran, Ganesalingam, Natarajan, Girija, Nemetsky, Esther, Newcombe, Virginia, Nielsen, Niklas, Niznick, Naomi, Noronha-Falcão, Filipa, Nyquist, Paul, Olson, DaiWai, Othman, Marwan, Owen, Adrian, Padayachy, Llewellyn, Pajoumand, Mehrnaz, Park, Soojin, Pergakis, Melissa, Perry, Heidi, Polizzotto, Len, Pouratian, Nader, Spivack, Marilyn Price, Prisco, Lara, Provencio, Javier, Puglises, Francesco, Puybasset, Louis, Rao, Chethan, Rasmussen, Lindsay, Rasulo, Frank, Ray, Bappaditya, Ricci, Zaccaria, Richardson, Risa, Shinotsuka, Cassia Righy, Robba, Chiara, Robertson, Courtney, Rohaut, Benjamin, Rolston, John, Romagnoli, Stefano, Rosanova, Mario, Rosenthal, Eric, Rowe, Shaun, Rubin, Michael, Russell, Mary Beth, Silva, Gisele Sampaio, Sanz, Leandro, Sarasso, Simone, Sarwal, Aarti, Schiff, Nicolas, Schnakers, Caroline, Seder, David, Shah, Vishank Arun, Shapiro-Rosenbaubm, Amy, Shapshak, Angela, Sharma, Kartavya, Sharma, Kumar Ajay, Shutter, Lori, Sitt, Jacobo, Slomine, Beth, Smetana, Keaton, Smielewski, Peter, Smith, Wade, Stamatakis, Emmanuel, Steinberg, Alexis, Stevens, Robert, Suarez, Jose, Sung, Gene, Sussman, Bethany, Taran, Shaurya, Mazzeo, Anna Teresa, Thibaut, Aurore, Thompson, David, Threlkeld, Zachary, Toker, Daniel, Torbey, Michel, Tosto, Jenna, Trevick, Stephen, Tsaousi, Georgia, Turgeon, Alexis, Udy, Andrew, Varelas, Panos, Vespa, Paul, Videtta, Walter, Voss, Henning, Vox, Ford, Wagner, Amy, Wahlster, Sarah, Wainwright, Mark, Whyte, John, Witherspoon, Briana, Yakhkind, Aleksandra (Sasha), Yeager, Susan, Young, Michael, Zafar, Sahar, Zafonte, Ross, Zahuranec, Darin, Zammit, Chris, Zhang, Bei, Ziai, Wendy, Zimmerman, Lara, and Zink, Elizabeth
Abstract: Disorders of consciousness are neurological conditions characterized by impaired arousal and awareness of self and environment. Behavioural responses are absent or are present but fluctuate. Disorders of consciousness are commonly encountered as a consequence of both acute and chronic brain injuries, yet reliable epidemiological estimates would require inclusive, operational definitions of the concept, as well as wider knowledge dissemination among involved professionals. Whereas several manifestations have been described, including coma, vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome and minimally conscious state, a comprehensive neurobiological definition for disorders of consciousness is still lacking. The scientific literature is primarily observational, and studies-specific aetiologies lead to disorders of consciousness. Despite advances in these disease-related forms, there remains uncertainty about whether disorders of consciousness are a disease-agnostic unitary entity with a common mechanism, prognosis or treatment response paradigm. Our knowledge of disorders of consciousness has also been hampered by heterogeneity of study designs, variables, and outcomes, leading to results that are not comparable for evidence synthesis. The different backgrounds of professionals caring for patients with disorders of consciousness and the different goals at different stages of care could partly explain this variability. The Prospective Studies working group of the Neurocritical Care Society Curing Coma Campaign was established to create a platform for observational studies and future clinical trials on disorders of consciousness and coma across the continuum of care. In this narrative review, the author panel presents limitations of prior observational clinical research and outlines practical considerations for future investigations. A narrative review format was selected to ensure that the full breadth of study design considerations could be addressed and to facilit
Published: 2024

4. A validation study of the clinical diagnosis of Dup15q syndrome: Which symptoms matter most?

Author: Beghi, E., Giussani, G., Bianchi, E., Randazzo, G., Sarcona, V., Elia, M., Striano, P., Verrotti, A., Ferretti, A., Rebessi, E., Specchio, N., and Bonanni, P.
Published: 2020
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5. Common Data Elements for Disorders of Consciousness: Recommendations from the Working Group on Hospital Course, Confounders, and Medications

Author: Barra, M, Zink, E, Bleck, T, Caceres, E, Farrokh, S, Foreman, B, Cediel, E, Hemphill, J, Nagayama, M, Olson, D, Suarez, J, Aiyagari, V, Akbari, Y, Al-Mufti, F, Alexander, S, Alexandrov, A, Alkhachroum, A, Amiri, M, Appavu, B, Gebre, M, Bader, M, Badjiata, N, Balu, R, Beekman, R, Beghi, E, Bell, K, Beqiri, E, Berlin, T, Bodien, Y, Boerwinkle, V, Boly, M, Bonnel, A, Brown, E, Carroll, E, Chou, S, Citerio, G, Classen, J, Condie, C, Cosmas, K, Creutzfeldt, C, Dangayach, N, Degeorgia, M, Der-Nigoghoss, C, Desai, M, Diringer, M, Dullaway, J, Edlow, B, Ercole, A, Estraneo, A, Falcone, G, Padayachy, L, Park, S, Pergakis, M, Polizzotto, L, Pouratian, N, Spivack, M, Prisco, L, Provencio, J, Puybasset, L, Rasmussen, L, Rass, V, Richardson, R, Shinots, C, Robba, C, Robertson, C, Rohaut, B, Rolston, J, Rosanova, M, Rosenthal, E, Russell, M, Silva, G, Sanz, L, Sarasso, S, Sarwal, A, Schiff, N, Schnakers, C, Seder, D, Shah, V, Shapiro-Rosen, A, Shapshak, A, Sharma, K, Sharshar, T, Shutter, L, Sitt, J, Slomine, B, Smielewski, P, Smith, W, Stamatakis, E, Steinberg, A, Ferioli, S, Fernandez-Esp, D, Fink, E, Fins, J, Frontera, J, Ganesan, R, Ghavam, A, Giacino, J, Gibbons, C, Gilmore, E, Gosseries, O, Green, T, Greer, D, Guanci, M, Hahn, C, Hakimi, R, Hanley, D, Hartings, J, Hassan, A, Hinson, H, Hirsch, K, Hocker, S, Hu, P, Hu, X, Human, T, Hwang, D, Illes, J, Jaffa, M, James, M, Janas, A, Jones, M, Keller, E, Keogh, M, Kim, J, Kim, K, Kirsch, H, Kirschen, M, Ko, N, Kondziella, D, Kreitzer, N, Stevens, R, Sussman, B, Taran, S, Thibaut, A, Threlkeld, Z, Tinti, L, Toker, D, Torbey, M, Trevick, S, Turgeon, A, Udy, A, Varelas, P, Venkatasubba, C, Vespa, P, Videtta, W, Voss, H, Vox, F, Wagner, A, Wainwright, M, Whyte, J, Witherspoon, B, Yakhind, A, Zafonte, R, Zahuranec, D, Zammit, C, Zhang, B, Ziai, W, Zimmerman, L, Kromm, J, Kumar, A, Kurtz, P, Laureys, S, Lawson, T, Lejeune, N, Lewis, A, Liang, J, Ling, G, Livesay, S, Luppi, A, Madden, L, Maddux, C, Mahanes, D, Mainali, S, Maldonado, N, Ribeiro, R, Massimini, M, Mayer, S, Mccredie, V, Mcnett, M, Mejia-Mantill, J, Menon, D, Meyfroidt, G, Mijangos, J, Moberg, D, Moheet, A, Molteni, E, Monti, M, Morrison, C, Muehlschlegel, S, Murtaugh, B, Naccache, L, Nairon, E, Natarajan, G, Newcombe, V, Nielsen, N, Noronha-Falc‹, F, Nyquist, P, Othman, M, Owen, A, Barra M. E., Zink E. K., Bleck T. P., Caceres E., Farrokh S., Foreman B., Cediel E. G., Hemphill J. C., Nagayama M., Olson D. W. M., Suarez J. I., Aiyagari V., Akbari Y., Al-Mufti F., Alexander S., Alexandrov A., Alkhachroum A., Amiri M., Appavu B., Gebre M. A., Bader M. K., Badjiata N., Balu R., Beekman R., Beghi E., Bell K., Beqiri E., Berlin T., Bodien Y., Boerwinkle V., Boly M., Bonnel A., Brown E., Carroll E., Chou S., Citerio G., Classen J., Condie C., Cosmas K., Creutzfeldt C., Dangayach N., DeGeorgia M., Der-Nigoghoss C., Desai M., Diringer M., Dullaway J., Edlow B., Ercole A., Estraneo A., Falcone G., Padayachy L., Park S., Pergakis M., Polizzotto L., Pouratian N., Spivack M. P., Prisco L., Provencio J., Puybasset L., Rasmussen L., Rass V., Richardson R., Shinots C. R., Robba C., Robertson C., Rohaut B., Rolston J., Rosanova M., Rosenthal E., Russell M. B., Silva G. S., Sanz L., Sarasso S., Sarwal A., Schiff N., Schnakers C., Seder D., Shah V. A., Shapiro-Rosen A., Shapshak A., Sharma K., Sharshar T., Shutter L., Sitt J., Slomine B., Smielewski P., Smith W., Stamatakis E., Steinberg A., Ferioli S., Fernandez-Esp D., Fink E., Fins J., Frontera J., Ganesan R., Ghavam A., Giacino J., Gibbons C., Gilmore E., Gosseries O., Green T., Greer D., Guanci M., Hahn C., Hakimi R., Hanley D. F., Hartings J., Hassan A., Hinson H., Hirsch K., Hocker S., Hu P., Hu X., Human T., Hwang D., Illes J., Jaffa M., James M. L., Janas A., Jones M., Keller E., Keogh M., Kim J., Kim K., Kirsch H., Kirschen M., Ko N., Kondziella D., Kreitzer N., Stevens R., Sussman B., Taran S., Thibaut A., Threlkeld Z., Tinti L., Toker D., Torbey M., Trevick S., Turgeon A., Udy A., Varelas P., Venkatasubba C., Vespa P., Videtta W., Voss H., Vox F., Wagner A., Wainwright M., Whyte J., Witherspoon B., Yakhind A., Zafonte R., Zahuranec D., Zammit C., Zhang B., Ziai W., Zimmerman L., Kromm J., Kumar A., Kurtz P., Laureys S., Lawson T., Lejeune N., Lewis A., Liang J., Ling G., Livesay S., Luppi A., Madden L., Maddux C., Mahanes D., Mainali S., Maldonado N., Ribeiro R. M., Massimini M., Mayer S., McCredie V., McNett M., Mejia-Mantill J., Menon D., Meyfroidt G., Mijangos J., Moberg D., Moheet A., Molteni E., Monti M., Morrison C., Muehlschlegel S., Murtaugh B., Naccache L., Nairon E., Natarajan G., Newcombe V., Nielsen N., Noronha-Falc‹ F., Nyquist P., Othman M., Owen A., Barra, M, Zink, E, Bleck, T, Caceres, E, Farrokh, S, Foreman, B, Cediel, E, Hemphill, J, Nagayama, M, Olson, D, Suarez, J, Aiyagari, V, Akbari, Y, Al-Mufti, F, Alexander, S, Alexandrov, A, Alkhachroum, A, Amiri, M, Appavu, B, Gebre, M, Bader, M, Badjiata, N, Balu, R, Beekman, R, Beghi, E, Bell, K, Beqiri, E, Berlin, T, Bodien, Y, Boerwinkle, V, Boly, M, Bonnel, A, Brown, E, Carroll, E, Chou, S, Citerio, G, Classen, J, Condie, C, Cosmas, K, Creutzfeldt, C, Dangayach, N, Degeorgia, M, Der-Nigoghoss, C, Desai, M, Diringer, M, Dullaway, J, Edlow, B, Ercole, A, Estraneo, A, Falcone, G, Padayachy, L, Park, S, Pergakis, M, Polizzotto, L, Pouratian, N, Spivack, M, Prisco, L, Provencio, J, Puybasset, L, Rasmussen, L, Rass, V, Richardson, R, Shinots, C, Robba, C, Robertson, C, Rohaut, B, Rolston, J, Rosanova, M, Rosenthal, E, Russell, M, Silva, G, Sanz, L, Sarasso, S, Sarwal, A, Schiff, N, Schnakers, C, Seder, D, Shah, V, Shapiro-Rosen, A, Shapshak, A, Sharma, K, Sharshar, T, Shutter, L, Sitt, J, Slomine, B, Smielewski, P, Smith, W, Stamatakis, E, Steinberg, A, Ferioli, S, Fernandez-Esp, D, Fink, E, Fins, J, Frontera, J, Ganesan, R, Ghavam, A, Giacino, J, Gibbons, C, Gilmore, E, Gosseries, O, Green, T, Greer, D, Guanci, M, Hahn, C, Hakimi, R, Hanley, D, Hartings, J, Hassan, A, Hinson, H, Hirsch, K, Hocker, S, Hu, P, Hu, X, Human, T, Hwang, D, Illes, J, Jaffa, M, James, M, Janas, A, Jones, M, Keller, E, Keogh, M, Kim, J, Kim, K, Kirsch, H, Kirschen, M, Ko, N, Kondziella, D, Kreitzer, N, Stevens, R, Sussman, B, Taran, S, Thibaut, A, Threlkeld, Z, Tinti, L, Toker, D, Torbey, M, Trevick, S, Turgeon, A, Udy, A, Varelas, P, Venkatasubba, C, Vespa, P, Videtta, W, Voss, H, Vox, F, Wagner, A, Wainwright, M, Whyte, J, Witherspoon, B, Yakhind, A, Zafonte, R, Zahuranec, D, Zammit, C, Zhang, B, Ziai, W, Zimmerman, L, Kromm, J, Kumar, A, Kurtz, P, Laureys, S, Lawson, T, Lejeune, N, Lewis, A, Liang, J, Ling, G, Livesay, S, Luppi, A, Madden, L, Maddux, C, Mahanes, D, Mainali, S, Maldonado, N, Ribeiro, R, Massimini, M, Mayer, S, Mccredie, V, Mcnett, M, Mejia-Mantill, J, Menon, D, Meyfroidt, G, Mijangos, J, Moberg, D, Moheet, A, Molteni, E, Monti, M, Morrison, C, Muehlschlegel, S, Murtaugh, B, Naccache, L, Nairon, E, Natarajan, G, Newcombe, V, Nielsen, N, Noronha-Falc‹, F, Nyquist, P, Othman, M, Owen, A, Barra M. E., Zink E. K., Bleck T. P., Caceres E., Farrokh S., Foreman B., Cediel E. G., Hemphill J. C., Nagayama M., Olson D. W. M., Suarez J. I., Aiyagari V., Akbari Y., Al-Mufti F., Alexander S., Alexandrov A., Alkhachroum A., Amiri M., Appavu B., Gebre M. A., Bader M. K., Badjiata N., Balu R., Beekman R., Beghi E., Bell K., Beqiri E., Berlin T., Bodien Y., Boerwinkle V., Boly M., Bonnel A., Brown E., Carroll E., Chou S., Citerio G., Classen J., Condie C., Cosmas K., Creutzfeldt C., Dangayach N., DeGeorgia M., Der-Nigoghoss C., Desai M., Diringer M., Dullaway J., Edlow B., Ercole A., Estraneo A., Falcone G., Padayachy L., Park S., Pergakis M., Polizzotto L., Pouratian N., Spivack M. P., Prisco L., Provencio J., Puybasset L., Rasmussen L., Rass V., Richardson R., Shinots C. R., Robba C., Robertson C., Rohaut B., Rolston J., Rosanova M., Rosenthal E., Russell M. B., Silva G. S., Sanz L., Sarasso S., Sarwal A., Schiff N., Schnakers C., Seder D., Shah V. A., Shapiro-Rosen A., Shapshak A., Sharma K., Sharshar T., Shutter L., Sitt J., Slomine B., Smielewski P., Smith W., Stamatakis E., Steinberg A., Ferioli S., Fernandez-Esp D., Fink E., Fins J., Frontera J., Ganesan R., Ghavam A., Giacino J., Gibbons C., Gilmore E., Gosseries O., Green T., Greer D., Guanci M., Hahn C., Hakimi R., Hanley D. F., Hartings J., Hassan A., Hinson H., Hirsch K., Hocker S., Hu P., Hu X., Human T., Hwang D., Illes J., Jaffa M., James M. L., Janas A., Jones M., Keller E., Keogh M., Kim J., Kim K., Kirsch H., Kirschen M., Ko N., Kondziella D., Kreitzer N., Stevens R., Sussman B., Taran S., Thibaut A., Threlkeld Z., Tinti L., Toker D., Torbey M., Trevick S., Turgeon A., Udy A., Varelas P., Venkatasubba C., Vespa P., Videtta W., Voss H., Vox F., Wagner A., Wainwright M., Whyte J., Witherspoon B., Yakhind A., Zafonte R., Zahuranec D., Zammit C., Zhang B., Ziai W., Zimmerman L., Kromm J., Kumar A., Kurtz P., Laureys S., Lawson T., Lejeune N., Lewis A., Liang J., Ling G., Livesay S., Luppi A., Madden L., Maddux C., Mahanes D., Mainali S., Maldonado N., Ribeiro R. M., Massimini M., Mayer S., McCredie V., McNett M., Mejia-Mantill J., Menon D., Meyfroidt G., Mijangos J., Moberg D., Moheet A., Molteni E., Monti M., Morrison C., Muehlschlegel S., Murtaugh B., Naccache L., Nairon E., Natarajan G., Newcombe V., Nielsen N., Noronha-Falc‹ F., Nyquist P., Othman M., and Owen A.
Abstract: The convergence of an interdisciplinary team of neurocritical care specialists to organize the Curing Coma Campaign is the first effort of its kind to coordinate national and international research efforts aimed at a deeper understanding of disorders of consciousness (DoC). This process of understanding includes translational research from bench to bedside, descriptions of systems of care delivery, diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation, and ethical frameworks. The description and measurement of varying confounding factors related to hospital care was thought to be critical in furthering meaningful research in patients with DoC. Interdisciplinary hospital care is inherently varied across geographical areas as well as community and academic medical centers. Access to monitoring technologies, specialist consultation (medical, nursing, pharmacy, respiratory, and rehabilitation), staffing resources, specialty intensive and acute care units, specialty medications and specific surgical, diagnostic and interventional procedures, and imaging is variable, and the impact on patient outcome in terms of DoC is largely unknown. The heterogeneity of causes in DoC is the source of some expected variability in care and treatment of patients, which necessitated the development of a common nomenclature and set of data elements for meaningful measurement across studies. Guideline adherence in hemorrhagic stroke and severe traumatic brain injury may also be variable due to moderate or low levels of evidence for many recommendations. This article outlines the process of the development of common data elements for hospital course, confounders, and medications to streamline definitions and variables to collect for clinical studies of DoC.
Published: 2023

6. Incidence and Long-term Functional Outcome of Neurologic Disorders in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 Infected with Pre-Omicron Variants

Author: Beretta, S, Cristillo, V, Camera, G, Morotti Colleoni, C, Pellitteri, G, Viti, B, Bianchi, E, Gipponi, S, Grimoldi, M, Valente, M, Guttmann, S, Cotelli, M, Palumbo, P, Gelosa, G, Meletti, S, Schenone, C, Ottaviani, D, Filippi, M, Zini, A, Basilico, P, Tancredi, L, Cortelli, P, Braga, M, De Giuli, V, Servidei, S, Paolicelli, D, Verde, F, Caproni, S, Pisani, A, Lo Re, V, Massacesi, L, Roccatagliata, D, Manganotti, P, Spitaleri, D, Formenti, A, Piccoli, M, Marino, S, Polverino, P, Aguglia, U, Ornello, R, Perego, E, Siciliano, G, Merlo, P, Capobianco, M, Pantoni, L, Lugaresi, A, Angelocola, S, De Rosa, A, Sessa, M, Beghi, E, Agostoni, E, Monaco, S, Padovani, A, Priori, A, Silani, V, Tedeschi, G, Ferrarese, C, Beretta S., Cristillo V., Camera G., Morotti Colleoni C., Pellitteri G., Viti B., Bianchi E., Gipponi S., Grimoldi M., Valente M., Guttmann S., Cotelli M. S., Palumbo P., Gelosa G., Meletti S., Schenone C., Ottaviani D., Filippi M., Zini A., Basilico P., Tancredi L., Cortelli P., Braga M., De Giuli V., Servidei S., Paolicelli D., Verde F., Caproni S., Pisani A., Lo Re V., Massacesi L., Roccatagliata D. V., Manganotti P., Spitaleri D., Formenti A., Piccoli M., Marino S., Polverino P., Aguglia U., Ornello R., Perego E., Siciliano G., Merlo P., Capobianco M., Pantoni L., Lugaresi A., Angelocola S., De Rosa A., Sessa M., Beghi E., Agostoni E. C., Monaco S., Padovani A., Priori A., Silani V., Tedeschi G., Ferrarese C., Beretta, S, Cristillo, V, Camera, G, Morotti Colleoni, C, Pellitteri, G, Viti, B, Bianchi, E, Gipponi, S, Grimoldi, M, Valente, M, Guttmann, S, Cotelli, M, Palumbo, P, Gelosa, G, Meletti, S, Schenone, C, Ottaviani, D, Filippi, M, Zini, A, Basilico, P, Tancredi, L, Cortelli, P, Braga, M, De Giuli, V, Servidei, S, Paolicelli, D, Verde, F, Caproni, S, Pisani, A, Lo Re, V, Massacesi, L, Roccatagliata, D, Manganotti, P, Spitaleri, D, Formenti, A, Piccoli, M, Marino, S, Polverino, P, Aguglia, U, Ornello, R, Perego, E, Siciliano, G, Merlo, P, Capobianco, M, Pantoni, L, Lugaresi, A, Angelocola, S, De Rosa, A, Sessa, M, Beghi, E, Agostoni, E, Monaco, S, Padovani, A, Priori, A, Silani, V, Tedeschi, G, Ferrarese, C, Beretta S., Cristillo V., Camera G., Morotti Colleoni C., Pellitteri G., Viti B., Bianchi E., Gipponi S., Grimoldi M., Valente M., Guttmann S., Cotelli M. S., Palumbo P., Gelosa G., Meletti S., Schenone C., Ottaviani D., Filippi M., Zini A., Basilico P., Tancredi L., Cortelli P., Braga M., De Giuli V., Servidei S., Paolicelli D., Verde F., Caproni S., Pisani A., Lo Re V., Massacesi L., Roccatagliata D. V., Manganotti P., Spitaleri D., Formenti A., Piccoli M., Marino S., Polverino P., Aguglia U., Ornello R., Perego E., Siciliano G., Merlo P., Capobianco M., Pantoni L., Lugaresi A., Angelocola S., De Rosa A., Sessa M., Beghi E., Agostoni E. C., Monaco S., Padovani A., Priori A., Silani V., Tedeschi G., and Ferrarese C.
Abstract: Background and ObjectivesA variety of neurologic disorders have been reported as presentations or complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. The objective of this study was to determine their incidence dynamics and long-term functional outcome.MethodsThe Neuro-COVID Italy study was a multicenter, observational, cohort study with ambispective recruitment and prospective follow-up. Consecutive hospitalized patients presenting new neurologic disorders associated with COVID-19 infection (neuro-COVID), independently from respiratory severity, were systematically screened and actively recruited by neurology specialists in 38 centers in Italy and the Republic of San Marino. The primary outcomes were incidence of neuro-COVID cases during the first 70 weeks of the pandemic (March 2020-June 2021) and long-term functional outcome at 6 months, categorized as full recovery, mild symptoms, disabling symptoms, or death.ResultsAmong 52,759 hospitalized patients with COVID-19, 1,865 patients presenting 2,881 new neurologic disorders associated with COVID-19 infection (neuro-COVID) were recruited. The incidence of neuro-COVID cases significantly declined over time, comparing the first 3 pandemic waves (8.4%, 95% CI 7.9-8.9; 5.0%, 95% CI 4.7-5.3; 3.3%, 95% CI 3.0-3.6, respectively; p = 0.027). The most frequent neurologic disorders were acute encephalopathy (25.2%), hyposmia-hypogeusia (20.2%), acute ischemic stroke (18.4%), and cognitive impairment (13.7%). The onset of neurologic disorders was more common in the prodromic phase (44.3%) or during the acute respiratory illness (40.9%), except for cognitive impairment whose onset prevailed during recovery (48.4%). A good functional outcome was achieved by most patients with neuro-COVID (64.6%) during follow-up (median 6.7 months), and the proportion of good outcome increased throughout the study period (r = 0.29, 95% CI 0.05-0.50; p = 0.019). Mild residual symptoms were frequently reported (28.1%) while disabling s
Published: 2023

7. Corrigendum to “Global uncertainty in the diagnosis of neurological complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection by both neurologists and non-neurologists: An international inter-observer variability study” [Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 2023 Jun 15;449:120646]

Author: Tamborska, A.A., primary, Wood, G.K., additional, Westenberg, E., additional, Garcia-Azorin, D., additional, Webb, G., additional, Schiess, N., additional, Netravathi, M., additional, Baykan, B., additional, Dervaj, R., additional, Helbok, R., additional, Lant, S., additional, Özge, A., additional, Padovani, A., additional, Saylor, D., additional, Schmutzhard, E., additional, Easton, A., additional, Lilleker, J.B., additional, Jackson, T., additional, Beghi, E., additional, Ellul, M.A., additional, Frontera, J.A., additional, Pollak, T., additional, Nicholson, T.R., additional, Wood, N., additional, Thakur, K.T., additional, Solomon, T., additional, Stark, R.J., additional, Winkler, A.S., additional, and Michael, B.D., additional
Published: 2023
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8. Global, regional, and national burden of diseases and injuries for adults 70 years and older: Systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study

Author: Tyrovolas, S, Stergachis, A, Krish, V, Chang, A, Skirbekk, V, Dieleman, J, Chatterji, S, Abd-Allah, F, Abdollahi, M, Abedi, A, Abolhassani, H, Abosetugn, A, Abreu, L, Abrigo, M, Abu Haimed, A, Adabi, M, Adebayo, O, Adedeji, I, Adekanmbi, V, Adetokunboh, O, Adham, D, Advani, S, Afarideh, M, Agarwal, G, Aghaali, M, Aghamir, S, Agrawal, A, Ahmad, S, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, K, Ahmadi, M, Ahmed, M, Akinyemi, R, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alanezi, F, Alanzi, T, Alcalde-Rabanal, J, Alemu, B, Al-Hajj, S, Alhassan, R, Ali, S, Alicandro, G, Alijanzadeh, M, Alipour, V, Aljunid, S, Alla, F, Almadi, M, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Almulhim, A, Al-Raddadi, R, Aminorroaya, A, Amiri, F, Amit, A, Amugsi, D, Anbesu, E, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Andrei, T, Andrei, C, Androudi, S, Anjomshoa, M, Ansari, F, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Antonio, C, Antony, B, Anvari, D, Anwer, R, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Arnlov, J, Asaad, M, Asadi-Aliabadi, M, Asadi-Pooya, A, Atout, M, Ausloos, M, Ausloos, F, Ayala Quintanilla, B, Ayano, G, Ayanore, M, Aynalem, Y, Azari, S, Azene, Z, Babaee, E, Badiye, A, Balachandran, A, Banach, M, Banerjee, S, Banik, P, Barker-Collo, S, Basu, S, Baune, B, Bayati, M, Baye, B, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Bejot, Y, Bell, M, Bensenor, I, Bhagavathula, A, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhattarai, S, Bhutta, Z, Bibi, S, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Biondi, A, Birihane, B, Biswas, A, Bjorge, T, Bohlouli, S, Bolla, S, Boloor, A, Boufous, S, Braithwaite, D, Brenner, H, Briggs, A, Briko, N, Britton, G, Burugina Nagaraja, S, Busse, R, Butt, Z, Caetano Dos Santos, F, Camera, L, Car, J, Cardenas, R, Carreras, G, Carrero, J, Carvalho, F, Castaldelli-Maia, J, Castaneda-Orjuela, C, Castelpietra, G, Castro, F, Cerin, E, Cevik, M, Chandan, J, Charan, J, Chattu, V, Chaturvedi, P, Chaturvedi, S, Chavan, P, Chen, S, Cherbuin, N, Chin, K, Cho, D, Chowdhury, M, Chu, D, Chung, S, Chung, M, Ciobanu, L, Costa, V, Cousin, E, Criqui, M, Cross, M, Dahlawi, S, Damiani, G, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daneshpajouhnejad, P, Das, J, Das Gupta, R, Davila-Cervantes, C, Davletov, K, Deeba, F, De Leo, D, Denova-Gutierrez, E, Dervenis, N, Desai, R, Dharmaratne, S, Dhungana, G, Dianatinasab, M, Dias Da Silva, D, Diaz, D, Dichgans, M, Djalalinia, S, Dokova, K, Dorostkar, F, Doshmangir, L, Duncan, B, Duraes, A, Eagan, A, Ebrahimi Kalan, M, Edvardsson, D, Effiong, A, Ehrlich, J, Elgendy, I, El-Jaafary, S, El Sayed, I, El Sayed Zaki, M, El Tantawi, M, Eshrati, B, Eskandari, K, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeilnejad, S, Etisso, A, Faris, P, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Fazlzadeh, M, Feigin, V, Fereshtehnejad, S, Fernandes, E, Ferrara, P, Ferreira, M, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Fisher, J, Foigt, N, Folayan, M, Fomenkov, A, Foroutan, M, Franklin, R, Freitas, M, Gad, M, Gallus, S, Gamkrelidze, A, Gebre, A, Gebremeskel, L, Ghaffarifar, F, Ghafourifard, M, Ghajarzadeh, M, Ghanei Gheshlagh, R, Ghashghaee, A, Ghith, N, Gholamian, A, Gill, T, Gillum, R, Gine-Vazquez, I, Giussani, G, Glagn, M, Gnedovskaya, E, Godinho, M, Goharinezhad, S, Gopalani, S, Gorini, 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K, Pham, H, Phillips, M, Pilgrim, T, Pinheiro, M, Piradov, M, Pirsaheb, M, Polibin, R, Polinder, S, Postma, M, Pourjafar, H, Pourshams, A, Prada, S, Prakash, S, Pribadi, D, Pupillo, E, Quazi Syed, Z, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Rafiee, A, Raggi, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Ramezanzadeh, K, Ranabhat, C, Ranta, A, Rao, S, Rashedi, V, Rastogi, P, Rathi, P, Rawaf, S, Rawaf, D, Rawal, L, Rawassizadeh, R, Renzaho, A, Reshmi, B, Resnikoff, S, Rezaei, N, Rezapour, A, Riahi, S, Ribeiro, D, Ribeiro, A, Rickard, J, Roever, L, Romoli, M, Rothenbacher, D, Rubagotti, E, Rumisha, S, Saadatagah, S, Sabour, S, Sachdev, P, Sadeghi, M, Sadeghi, E, Saeedi Moghaddam, S, Sagar, R, Sahraian, M, Sajadi, S, Salam, N, Salem, M, Salimzadeh, H, Salman, O, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Sanchez Riera, L, Santos, I, Santric-Milicevic, M, Saraswathy, S, Sarveazad, A, Sathian, B, Sathish, T, Sattin, D, Schiavolin, S, Schmidt, M, Schutte, A, Schwebel, D, Schwendicke, F, Senthilkumaran, S, Sepanlou, S, Sha, F, 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A. K., Chu D. -T., Chung S. -C., Chung M. T., Ciobanu L. G., Costa V. M., Cousin E., Criqui M. H., Cross M., Dahlawi S. M. A., Damiani G., Dandona L., Dandona R., Daneshpajouhnejad P., Das J. K., Das Gupta R., Davila-Cervantes C. A., Davletov K., Deeba F., De Leo D., Denova-Gutierrez E., Dervenis N., Desai R., Dharmaratne S. D., Dhungana G. P., Dianatinasab M., Dias Da Silva D., Diaz D., Dichgans M., Djalalinia S., Dokova K., Dorostkar F., Doshmangir L., Duncan B. B., Duraes A. R., Eagan A. W., Ebrahimi Kalan M., Edvardsson D., Effiong A., Ehrlich J. R., Elgendy I. Y., El-Jaafary S. I., El Sayed I., El Sayed Zaki M., El Tantawi M., Eshrati B., Eskandari K., Eskandarieh S., Esmaeilnejad S., Etisso A. E., Faris P. S., Faro A., Farzadfar F., Fazlzadeh M., Feigin V. L., Fereshtehnejad S. -M., Fernandes E., Ferrara P., Ferreira M. L., Filip I., Fischer F., Fisher J. L., Foigt N. A., Folayan M. O., Fomenkov A. A., Foroutan M., Franklin R. C., Freitas M., Gad M. M., Gallus S., Gamkrelidze A., Gebre A. K., Gebremeskel L. G., Ghaffarifar F., Ghafourifard M., Ghajarzadeh M., Ghanei Gheshlagh R., Ghashghaee A., Ghith N., Gholamian A., Gill T. K., Gillum R. F., Gine-Vazquez I., Giussani G., Glagn M., Gnedovskaya E. V., Godinho M. A., Goharinezhad S., Gopalani S. V., Gorini G., Goulart A. C., Grivna M., Gugnani H. C., Guimaraes R. A., Guo Y., Gupta R., Gutierrez R. A., Hafiz A., Haj-Mirzaian A., Hamadeh R. R., Hamidi S., Hankey G. J., Haririan H., Haro J. M., Hasaballah A. I., Hashemian M., Hashi A., Hassan S., Hassan A., Hassanipour S., Hay S. I., Hayat K., Heidari-Soureshjani R., Hendrie D., Herteliu C., Ho H. C., Hoang C. L., Holla R., Hoogar P., Hossain N., Hosseini M., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc M., Hostiuc S., Househ M., Hsairi M., Hu G., Humayun A., Hwang B. -F., Iavicoli I., Ibitoye S. E., Ilesanmi O. S., Ilic I. M., Ilic M. D., Inbaraj L. R., Iqbal U., Irvani S. S. N., Islam M. M., Iso H., Ivers R. Q., Iwu C. J., Iwu C. C. 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M. W., Ausloos M., Ausloos F., Ayala Quintanilla B. P., Ayano G., Ayanore M. A., Aynalem Y. A., Azari S., Azene Z. N., Babaee E., Badiye A. D., Balachandran A., Banach M., Banerjee S. K., Banik P. C., Barker-Collo S. L., Basu S., Baune B. T., Bayati M., Baye B. A., Bedi N., Beghi E., Bejot Y., Bell M. L., Bensenor I. M., Bhagavathula A. S., Bhardwaj P., Bhattacharyya K., Bhattarai S., Bhutta Z. A., Bibi S., Bijani A., Bikbov B., Biondi A., Birihane B. M., Biswas A., Bjorge T., Bohlouli S., Bolla S. R., Boloor A., Boufous S., Braithwaite D., Brenner H., Briggs A. M., Briko N. I., Britton G. B., Burugina Nagaraja S., Busse R., Butt Z. A., Caetano Dos Santos F. L., Camera L. A., Car J., Cardenas R., Carreras G., Carrero J. J., Carvalho F., Castaldelli-Maia J. M., Castaneda-Orjuela C. A., Castelpietra G., Castro F., Cerin E., Cevik M., Chandan J. S., Chang A. R., Charan J., Chattu V. K., Chaturvedi P., Chaturvedi S., Chavan P. P., Chen S., Cherbuin N., Chin K. L., Cho D. Y., Chowdhury M. 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K., Naderi M., Nagarajan A. J., Naghshtabrizi B., Naimzada M. D., Najafi F., Nansseu J. R., Ndejjo R., Negoi I., Negoi R. I., Neupane S., Nguefack-Tsague G., Ngunjiri J. W., Nguyen C. T., Nguyen H. L. T., Nikbakhsh R., Nnaji C. A., Nojomi M., Nomura S., Norrving B., Noubiap J. J., Nowak C., Nunez-Samudio V., Ogbo F. A., Oh I. -H., Oladnabi M., Olagunju A. T., Olusanya J. O., Olusanya B. O., Omer M. O., Onwujekwe O. E., Ostojic S. M., Ot oiu A., Otstavnov N., Otstavnov S. S., Owolabi M. O., Mahesh M. A., Padubidri J. R., Panda-Jonas S., Pandey A., Panelo C. I. A., Pasupula D. K., Pazoki Toroudi H., Pearson-Stuttard J., Peden A. E., Pepito V. C. F., Peprah E. K., Pereira J., Pesudovs K., Pham H. Q., Phillips M. R., Pilgrim T., Pinheiro M., Piradov M. A., Pirsaheb M., Polibin R. V., Polinder S., Postma M. J., Pourjafar H., Pourshams A., Prada S. I., Prakash S., Pribadi D. R. A., Pupillo E., Quazi Syed Z., Rabiee N., Radfar A., Rafiee A., Raggi A., Rahim F., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Rahman M. H. U., Rahman M. A., Ramezanzadeh K., Ranabhat C. L., Ranta A., Rao S. J., Rashedi V., Rastogi P., Rathi P., Rawaf S., Rawaf D. L., Rawal L., Rawassizadeh R., Renzaho A. M. N., Reshmi B., Resnikoff S., Rezaei N., Rezapour A., Riahi S. M., Ribeiro D., Ribeiro A. I., Rickard J., Roever L., Romoli M., Rothenbacher D., Rubagotti E., Rumisha S. F., Saadatagah S., Sabour S., Sachdev P. S., Sadeghi M., Sadeghi E., Saeedi Moghaddam S., Sagar R., Sahraian M. A., Sajadi S. M., Salam N., Salem M. R., Salimzadeh H., Salman O. M., Samy A. M., Sanabria J., Sanchez Riera L., Santos I. S., Santric-Milicevic M. M., Saraswathy S. Y. I., Sarveazad A., Sathian B., Sathish T., Sattin D., Schiavolin S., Schmidt M. I., Schutte A. E., Schwebel D. C., Schwendicke F., Senthilkumaran S., Sepanlou S. G., Sha F., Shafaat O., Shahabi S., Shaheen A. A., Shaikh M. A., Shakhnazarova M., Shams-Beyranvand M., Shamsi M. B., Shamsizadeh M., Sharafi K., Shetty B. S. K., Shibuya K., Shiferaw W. S., Shigematsu M., Shin J. I., Shiri R., Shirkoohi R., Shuval K., Sigfusdottir I. D., Sigurvinsdottir R., Silva J. P., Simonetti B., Singh J. A., Singh P., Singh A., Sinha D. N., Skou So. T., Skryabin V. Y., Smith E. U. R., Sobhiyeh M. R., Soheili A., Soltani S., Soriano J. B., Soyiri I. N., Spurlock E. E., Sreeramareddy C. T., Stein D. J., Stockfelt L., Stokes M. A., Stranges S., Stubbs J. L., Sudaryanto A., Sufiyan M. B., Suleria H. A. R., Suliankatchi Abdulkader R., Sulo G., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tabuchi T., Taddele B. W., Taherkhani A., Tajdini M., Tareque M. I., Tefera Y. G., Temsah M. -H., Tessema Z. T., Thankappan K. R., Thapar R., Thrift A. G., Titova M. V., Tohidinik H. R., Tonelli M., Touvier M., Tovani-Palone M. R., Tran B. X., Travillian R. S., Tsai A. C., Tsatsakis A., Uddin R., Ullah S., Umeokonkwo C. D., Unnikrishnan B., Vacante M., Valdez P. R., Van Donkelaar A., Varughese S., Vasankari T. J., Vasseghian Y., Veisani Y., Venketasubramanian N., Violante F. S., Vlassov V., Waheed Y., Wang Y., Wang F., Wang Y. -P., Wei J., Weintraub R. G., Weiss J., Westerman R., Wiangkham T., Wolfe C. D. A., Wu A. -M., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S. H., Yamagishi K., Yano Y., Yaya S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yeshitila Y. G., Yimmer M. Z., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Yoon S. -J., Younis M. Z., Yousefi Z., Yousefinezhadi T., Yu C., Yu Y., Yusefzadeh H., Zaidi S. S., Zaman S. B., Zamanian M., Zarafshan H., Zastrozhin M. S., Zhang Z. -J., Zhang J., Zhang Y., Zhao X. -J. G., Zhu C., Kotsakis G. A., and Kassebaum N. J.
Abstract: Objectives To use data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) to estimate mortality and disability trends for the population aged ≥70 and evaluate patterns in causes of death, disability, and risk factors. Design Systematic analysis. Setting Participants were aged ≥70 from 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019. Main outcomes measures Years of life lost, years lived with disability, disability adjusted life years, life expectancy at age 70 (LE-70), healthy life expectancy at age 70 (HALE-70), proportion of years in ill health at age 70 (PYIH-70), risk factors, and data coverage index were estimated based on standardised GBD methods. Results Globally the population of older adults has increased since 1990 and all cause death rates have decreased for men and women. However, mortality rates due to falls increased between 1990 and 2019. The probability of death among people aged 70-90 decreased, mainly because of reductions in non-communicable diseases. Globally disability burden was largely driven by functional decline, vision and hearing loss, and symptoms of pain. LE-70 and HALE-70 showed continuous increases since 1990 globally, with certain regional disparities. Globally higher LE-70 resulted in higher HALE-70 and slightly increased PYIH-70. Sociodemographic and healthcare access and quality indices were positively correlated with HALE-70 and LE-70. For high exposure risk factors, data coverage was moderate, while limited data were available for various dietary, environmental or occupational, and metabolic risks. Conclusions Life expectancy at age 70 has continued to rise globally, mostly because of decreases in chronic diseases. Adults aged ≥70 living in high income countries and regions with better healthcare access and quality were found to experience the highest life expectancy and healthy life expectancy. Disability burden, however, remained constant, suggesting the need to enhance public health and intervention
Published: 2022

9. Author Correction: Common and rare variant association analyses in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis identify 15 risk loci with distinct genetic architectures and neuron-specific biology (Nature Genetics, (2021), 53, 12, (1636-1648), 10.1038/s41588-021-00973-1)

Author: van Rheenen W., van Rheenen, W, van der Spek, R, Bakker, M, van Vugt, J, Hop, P, Zwamborn, R, de Klein, N, Westra, H, Bakker, O, Deelen, P, Shireby, G, Hannon, E, Moisse, M, Baird, D, Restuadi, R, Dolzhenko, E, Dekker, A, Gawor, K, Westeneng, H, Tazelaar, G, van Eijk, K, Kooyman, M, Byrne, R, Doherty, M, Heverin, M, Al Khleifat, A, Iacoangeli, A, Shatunov, A, Ticozzi, N, Cooper-Knock, J, Smith, B, Gromicho, M, Chandran, S, Pal, S, Morrison, K, Shaw, P, Hardy, J, Orrell, R, Sendtner, M, Meyer, T, Basak, N, van der Kooi, A, Ratti, A, Fogh, I, Gellera, C, Lauria, G, Corti, S, Cereda, C, Sproviero, D, D'Alfonso, S, Soraru, G, Siciliano, G, Filosto, M, Padovani, A, Chio, A, Calvo, A, Moglia, C, Brunetti, M, Canosa, A, Grassano, M, Beghi, E, Pupillo, E, Logroscino, G, Nefussy, B, Osmanovic, A, Nordin, A, Lerner, Y, Zabari, M, Gotkine, M, Baloh, R, Bell, S, Vourc'H, P, Corcia, P, Couratier, P, Millecamps, S, Meininger, V, Salachas, F, Mora Pardina, J, Assialioui, A, Rojas-Garcia, R, Dion, P, Ross, J, Ludolph, A, Weishaupt, J, Brenner, D, Freischmidt, A, Bensimon, G, Brice, A, Durr, A, Payan, C, Saker-Delye, S, Wood, N, Topp, S, Rademakers, R, Tittmann, L, Lieb, W, Franke, A, Ripke, S, Braun, A, Kraft, J, Whiteman, D, Olsen, C, Uitterlinden, A, Hofman, A, Rietschel, M, Cichon, S, Nothen, M, Amouyel, P, Comi, G, Riva, N, Lunetta, C, Gerardi, F, Cotelli, M, Rinaldi, F, Chiveri, L, Guaita, M, Perrone, P, Ceroni, M, Diamanti, L, Ferrarese, C, Tremolizzo, L, Delodovici, M, Bono, G, Manera, U, Vasta, R, Bombaci, A, Casale, F, Fuda, G, Salamone, P, Iazzolino, B, Peotta, L, Cugnasco, P, De Marco, G, Torrieri, M, Palumbo, F, Gallone, S, Barberis, M, Sbaiz, L, Gentile, S, Mauro, A, Mazzini, L, De Marchi, F, Corrado, L, Bertolotto, A, Gionco, M, Leotta, D, Odddenino, E, Imperiale, D, Cavallo, R, Pignatta, P, De Mattei, M, Geda, C, Papurello, D, Gusmaroli, G, Comi, C, Labate, C, Ruiz, L, Ferrandi, D, Rota, E, Aguggia, M, Di Vito, N, Meineri, P, Ghiglione, P, Launaro, N, Dotta, M, Di Sapio, A, Giardini, G, Tiloca, C, Peverelli, S, Taroni, F, Pensato, V, Castellotti, B, Del Bo, R, Gagliardi, S, Raggi, F, Simoncini, C, Lo Gerfo, A, Inghilleri, M, Ferlini, A, Simone, I, Passarella, B, Guerra, V, Zoccolella, S, Nozzoli, C, Mundi, C, Leone, M, Zarrelli, M, Tamma, F, Valluzzi, F, Calabrese, G, Boero, G, Rini, A, Traynor, B, Singleton, A, Mitne Neto, M, Cauchi, R, Ophoff, R, Wiedau-Pazos, M, Lomen-Hoerth, C, van Deerlin, V, Grosskreutz, J, Roediger, A, Gaur, N, Jork, A, Barthel, T, Theele, E, Ilse, B, Stubendorff, B, Witte, O, Steinbach, R, Hubner, C, Graff, C, Brylev, L, Fominykh, V, Demeshonok, V, Ataulina, A, Rogelj, B, Koritnik, B, Zidar, J, Ravnik-Glavac, M, Glavac, D, Stevic, Z, Drory, V, Povedano, M, Blair, I, Kiernan, M, Benyamin, B, Henderson, R, Furlong, S, Mathers, S, Mccombe, P, Needham, M, Ngo, S, Nicholson, G, Pamphlett, R, Rowe, D, Steyn, F, Williams, K, Mather, K, Sachdev, P, Henders, A, Wallace, L, de Carvalho, M, Pinto, S, Petri, S, Weber, M, Rouleau, G, Silani, V, Curtis, C, Breen, G, Glass, J, Brown, R, Landers, J, Shaw, C, Andersen, P, Groen, E, van Es, M, Pasterkamp, R, Fan, D, Garton, F, Mcrae, A, Davey Smith, G, Gaunt, T, Eberle, M, Mill, J, Mclaughlin, R, Hardiman, O, Kenna, K, Wray, N, Tsai, E, Runz, H, Franke, L, Al-Chalabi, A, Van Damme, P, van den Berg, L, Veldink, J, van Rheenen W., van der Spek R. A. A., Bakker M. K., van Vugt J. J. F. A., Hop P. J., Zwamborn R. A. J., de Klein N., Westra H. -J., Bakker O. B., Deelen P., Shireby G., Hannon E., Moisse M., Baird D., Restuadi R., Dolzhenko E., Dekker A. M., Gawor K., Westeneng H. -J., Tazelaar G. H. P., van Eijk K. R., Kooyman M., Byrne R. P., Doherty M., Heverin M., Al Khleifat A., Iacoangeli A., Shatunov A., Ticozzi N., Cooper-Knock J., Smith B. N., Gromicho M., Chandran S., Pal S., Morrison K. E., Shaw P. J., Hardy J., Orrell R. W., Sendtner M., Meyer T., Basak N., van der Kooi A. J., Ratti A., Fogh I., Gellera C., Lauria G., Corti S., Cereda C., Sproviero D., D'Alfonso S., Soraru G., Siciliano G., Filosto M., Padovani A., Chio A., Calvo A., Moglia C., Brunetti M., Canosa A., Grassano M., Beghi E., Pupillo E., Logroscino G., Nefussy B., Osmanovic A., Nordin A., Lerner Y., Zabari M., Gotkine M., Baloh R. H., Bell S., Vourc'h P., Corcia P., Couratier P., Millecamps S., Meininger V., Salachas F., Mora Pardina J. S., Assialioui A., Rojas-Garcia R., Dion P. A., Ross J. P., Ludolph A. C., Weishaupt J. H., Brenner D., Freischmidt A., Bensimon G., Brice A., Durr A., Payan C. A. M., Saker-Delye S., Wood N. W., Topp S., Rademakers R., Tittmann L., Lieb W., Franke A., Ripke S., Braun A., Kraft J., Whiteman D. C., Olsen C. M., Uitterlinden A. G., Hofman A., Rietschel M., Cichon S., Nothen M. M., Amouyel P., Comi G., Riva N., Lunetta C., Gerardi F., Cotelli M. S., Rinaldi F., Chiveri L., Guaita M. C., Perrone P., Ceroni M., Diamanti L., Ferrarese C., Tremolizzo L., Delodovici M. L., Bono G., Manera U., Vasta R., Bombaci A., Casale F., Fuda G., Salamone P., Iazzolino B., Peotta L., Cugnasco P., De Marco G., Torrieri M. C., Palumbo F., Gallone S., Barberis M., Sbaiz L., Gentile S., Mauro A., Mazzini L., De Marchi F., Corrado L., Bertolotto A., Gionco M., Leotta D., Odddenino E., Imperiale D., Cavallo R., Pignatta P., De Mattei M., Geda C., Papurello D. M., Gusmaroli G., Comi C., Labate C., Ruiz L., Ferrandi D., Rota E., Aguggia M., Di Vito N., Meineri P., Ghiglione P., Launaro N., Dotta M., Di Sapio A., Giardini G., Tiloca C., Peverelli S., Taroni F., Pensato V., Castellotti B., Comi G. P., Del Bo R., Gagliardi S., Raggi F., Simoncini C., Lo Gerfo A., Inghilleri M., Ferlini A., Simone I. L., Passarella B., Guerra V., Zoccolella S., Nozzoli C., Mundi C., Leone M., Zarrelli M., Tamma F., Valluzzi F., Calabrese G., Boero G., Rini A., Traynor B. J., Singleton A. B., Mitne Neto M., Cauchi R. J., Ophoff R. A., Wiedau-Pazos M., Lomen-Hoerth C., van Deerlin V. M., Grosskreutz J., Roediger A., Gaur N., Jork A., Barthel T., Theele E., Ilse B., Stubendorff B., Witte O. W., Steinbach R., Hubner C. A., Graff C., Brylev L., Fominykh V., Demeshonok V., Ataulina A., Rogelj B., Koritnik B., Zidar J., Ravnik-Glavac M., Glavac D., Stevic Z., Drory V., Povedano M., Blair I. P., Kiernan M. C., Benyamin B., Henderson R. D., Furlong S., Mathers S., McCombe P. A., Needham M., Ngo S. T., Nicholson G. A., Pamphlett R., Rowe D. B., Steyn F. J., Williams K. L., Mather K. A., Sachdev P. S., Henders A. K., Wallace L., de Carvalho M., Pinto S., Petri S., Weber M., Rouleau G. A., Silani V., Curtis C. J., Breen G., Glass J. D., Brown R. H., Landers J. E., Shaw C. E., Andersen P. M., Groen E. J. N., van Es M. A., Pasterkamp R. J., Fan D., Garton F. C., McRae A. F., Davey Smith G., Gaunt T. R., Eberle M. A., Mill J., McLaughlin R. L., Hardiman O., Kenna K. P., Wray N. R., Tsai E., Runz H., Franke L., Al-Chalabi A., Van Damme P., van den Berg L. H., Veldink J. H., van Rheenen W., van Rheenen, W, van der Spek, R, Bakker, M, van Vugt, J, Hop, P, Zwamborn, R, de Klein, N, Westra, H, Bakker, O, Deelen, P, Shireby, G, Hannon, E, Moisse, M, Baird, D, Restuadi, R, Dolzhenko, E, Dekker, A, Gawor, K, Westeneng, H, Tazelaar, G, van Eijk, K, Kooyman, M, Byrne, R, Doherty, M, Heverin, M, Al Khleifat, A, Iacoangeli, A, Shatunov, A, Ticozzi, N, Cooper-Knock, J, Smith, B, Gromicho, M, Chandran, S, Pal, S, Morrison, K, Shaw, P, Hardy, J, Orrell, R, Sendtner, M, Meyer, T, Basak, N, van der Kooi, A, Ratti, A, Fogh, I, Gellera, C, Lauria, G, Corti, S, Cereda, C, Sproviero, D, D'Alfonso, S, Soraru, G, Siciliano, G, Filosto, M, Padovani, A, Chio, A, Calvo, A, Moglia, C, Brunetti, M, Canosa, A, Grassano, M, Beghi, E, Pupillo, E, Logroscino, G, Nefussy, B, Osmanovic, A, Nordin, A, Lerner, Y, Zabari, M, Gotkine, M, Baloh, R, Bell, S, Vourc'H, P, Corcia, P, Couratier, P, Millecamps, S, Meininger, V, Salachas, F, Mora Pardina, J, Assialioui, A, Rojas-Garcia, R, Dion, P, Ross, J, Ludolph, A, Weishaupt, J, Brenner, D, Freischmidt, A, Bensimon, G, Brice, A, Durr, A, Payan, C, Saker-Delye, S, Wood, N, Topp, S, Rademakers, R, Tittmann, L, Lieb, W, Franke, A, Ripke, S, Braun, A, Kraft, J, Whiteman, D, Olsen, C, Uitterlinden, A, Hofman, A, Rietschel, M, Cichon, S, Nothen, M, Amouyel, P, Comi, G, Riva, N, Lunetta, C, Gerardi, F, Cotelli, M, Rinaldi, F, Chiveri, L, Guaita, M, Perrone, P, Ceroni, M, Diamanti, L, Ferrarese, C, Tremolizzo, L, Delodovici, M, Bono, G, Manera, U, Vasta, R, Bombaci, A, Casale, F, Fuda, G, Salamone, P, Iazzolino, B, Peotta, L, Cugnasco, P, De Marco, G, Torrieri, M, Palumbo, F, Gallone, S, Barberis, M, Sbaiz, L, Gentile, S, Mauro, A, Mazzini, L, De Marchi, F, Corrado, L, Bertolotto, A, Gionco, M, Leotta, D, Odddenino, E, Imperiale, D, Cavallo, R, Pignatta, P, De Mattei, M, Geda, C, Papurello, D, Gusmaroli, G, Comi, C, Labate, C, Ruiz, L, Ferrandi, D, Rota, E, Aguggia, M, Di Vito, N, Meineri, P, Ghiglione, P, Launaro, N, Dotta, M, Di Sapio, A, Giardini, G, Tiloca, C, Peverelli, S, Taroni, F, Pensato, V, Castellotti, B, Del Bo, R, Gagliardi, S, Raggi, F, Simoncini, C, Lo Gerfo, A, Inghilleri, M, Ferlini, A, Simone, I, Passarella, B, Guerra, V, Zoccolella, S, Nozzoli, C, Mundi, C, Leone, M, Zarrelli, M, Tamma, F, Valluzzi, F, Calabrese, G, Boero, G, Rini, A, Traynor, B, Singleton, A, Mitne Neto, M, Cauchi, R, Ophoff, R, Wiedau-Pazos, M, Lomen-Hoerth, C, van Deerlin, V, Grosskreutz, J, Roediger, A, Gaur, N, Jork, A, Barthel, T, Theele, E, Ilse, B, Stubendorff, B, Witte, O, Steinbach, R, Hubner, C, Graff, C, Brylev, L, Fominykh, V, Demeshonok, V, Ataulina, A, Rogelj, B, Koritnik, B, Zidar, J, Ravnik-Glavac, M, Glavac, D, Stevic, Z, Drory, V, Povedano, M, Blair, I, Kiernan, M, Benyamin, B, Henderson, R, Furlong, S, Mathers, S, Mccombe, P, Needham, M, Ngo, S, Nicholson, G, Pamphlett, R, Rowe, D, Steyn, F, Williams, K, Mather, K, Sachdev, P, Henders, A, Wallace, L, de Carvalho, M, Pinto, S, Petri, S, Weber, M, Rouleau, G, Silani, V, Curtis, C, Breen, G, Glass, J, Brown, R, Landers, J, Shaw, C, Andersen, P, Groen, E, van Es, M, Pasterkamp, R, Fan, D, Garton, F, Mcrae, A, Davey Smith, G, Gaunt, T, Eberle, M, Mill, J, Mclaughlin, R, Hardiman, O, Kenna, K, Wray, N, Tsai, E, Runz, H, Franke, L, Al-Chalabi, A, Van Damme, P, van den Berg, L, Veldink, J, van Rheenen W., van der Spek R. A. A., Bakker M. K., van Vugt J. J. F. A., Hop P. J., Zwamborn R. A. J., de Klein N., Westra H. -J., Bakker O. B., Deelen P., Shireby G., Hannon E., Moisse M., Baird D., Restuadi R., Dolzhenko E., Dekker A. M., Gawor K., Westeneng H. -J., Tazelaar G. H. P., van Eijk K. R., Kooyman M., Byrne R. P., Doherty M., Heverin M., Al Khleifat A., Iacoangeli A., Shatunov A., Ticozzi N., Cooper-Knock J., Smith B. N., Gromicho M., Chandran S., Pal S., Morrison K. E., Shaw P. J., Hardy J., Orrell R. W., Sendtner M., Meyer T., Basak N., van der Kooi A. J., Ratti A., Fogh I., Gellera C., Lauria G., Corti S., Cereda C., Sproviero D., D'Alfonso S., Soraru G., Siciliano G., Filosto M., Padovani A., Chio A., Calvo A., Moglia C., Brunetti M., Canosa A., Grassano M., Beghi E., Pupillo E., Logroscino G., Nefussy B., Osmanovic A., Nordin A., Lerner Y., Zabari M., Gotkine M., Baloh R. H., Bell S., Vourc'h P., Corcia P., Couratier P., Millecamps S., Meininger V., Salachas F., Mora Pardina J. S., Assialioui A., Rojas-Garcia R., Dion P. A., Ross J. P., Ludolph A. C., Weishaupt J. H., Brenner D., Freischmidt A., Bensimon G., Brice A., Durr A., Payan C. A. M., Saker-Delye S., Wood N. W., Topp S., Rademakers R., Tittmann L., Lieb W., Franke A., Ripke S., Braun A., Kraft J., Whiteman D. C., Olsen C. M., Uitterlinden A. G., Hofman A., Rietschel M., Cichon S., Nothen M. M., Amouyel P., Comi G., Riva N., Lunetta C., Gerardi F., Cotelli M. S., Rinaldi F., Chiveri L., Guaita M. C., Perrone P., Ceroni M., Diamanti L., Ferrarese C., Tremolizzo L., Delodovici M. L., Bono G., Manera U., Vasta R., Bombaci A., Casale F., Fuda G., Salamone P., Iazzolino B., Peotta L., Cugnasco P., De Marco G., Torrieri M. C., Palumbo F., Gallone S., Barberis M., Sbaiz L., Gentile S., Mauro A., Mazzini L., De Marchi F., Corrado L., Bertolotto A., Gionco M., Leotta D., Odddenino E., Imperiale D., Cavallo R., Pignatta P., De Mattei M., Geda C., Papurello D. M., Gusmaroli G., Comi C., Labate C., Ruiz L., Ferrandi D., Rota E., Aguggia M., Di Vito N., Meineri P., Ghiglione P., Launaro N., Dotta M., Di Sapio A., Giardini G., Tiloca C., Peverelli S., Taroni F., Pensato V., Castellotti B., Comi G. P., Del Bo R., Gagliardi S., Raggi F., Simoncini C., Lo Gerfo A., Inghilleri M., Ferlini A., Simone I. L., Passarella B., Guerra V., Zoccolella S., Nozzoli C., Mundi C., Leone M., Zarrelli M., Tamma F., Valluzzi F., Calabrese G., Boero G., Rini A., Traynor B. J., Singleton A. B., Mitne Neto M., Cauchi R. J., Ophoff R. A., Wiedau-Pazos M., Lomen-Hoerth C., van Deerlin V. M., Grosskreutz J., Roediger A., Gaur N., Jork A., Barthel T., Theele E., Ilse B., Stubendorff B., Witte O. W., Steinbach R., Hubner C. A., Graff C., Brylev L., Fominykh V., Demeshonok V., Ataulina A., Rogelj B., Koritnik B., Zidar J., Ravnik-Glavac M., Glavac D., Stevic Z., Drory V., Povedano M., Blair I. P., Kiernan M. C., Benyamin B., Henderson R. D., Furlong S., Mathers S., McCombe P. A., Needham M., Ngo S. T., Nicholson G. A., Pamphlett R., Rowe D. B., Steyn F. J., Williams K. L., Mather K. A., Sachdev P. S., Henders A. K., Wallace L., de Carvalho M., Pinto S., Petri S., Weber M., Rouleau G. A., Silani V., Curtis C. J., Breen G., Glass J. D., Brown R. H., Landers J. E., Shaw C. E., Andersen P. M., Groen E. J. N., van Es M. A., Pasterkamp R. J., Fan D., Garton F. C., McRae A. F., Davey Smith G., Gaunt T. R., Eberle M. A., Mill J., McLaughlin R. L., Hardiman O., Kenna K. P., Wray N. R., Tsai E., Runz H., Franke L., Al-Chalabi A., Van Damme P., van den Berg L. H., and Veldink J. H.
Abstract: In the version of this article initially published, the affiliation for Nazli Başak appeared incorrectly. Nazli Başak is at Koç University, School of Medicine, KUTTAM-NDAL, Istanbul, Turkey, and not Bogazici University. The error has been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.
Published: 2022

10. Global uncertainty in the diagnosis of neurological complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection by both neurologists and non-neurologists: An international inter-observer variability study

Author: Tamborska, A.A., primary, Wood, G.K., additional, Westenberg, E., additional, Garcia-Azorin, D., additional, Webb, G., additional, Schiess, N., additional, Netravathi, M., additional, Baykan, B., additional, Dervaj, R., additional, Helbok, R., additional, Lant, S., additional, Özge, A., additional, Padovani, A., additional, Saylor, D., additional, Schmutzhard, E., additional, Easton, A., additional, Lilleker, J.B., additional, Jackson, T., additional, Beghi, E., additional, Ellul, M.A., additional, Frontera, J.A., additional, Pollak, T., additional, Nicholson, T.R., additional, Wood, N., additional, Thakur, K.T., additional, Solomon, T., additional, Stark, R.J., additional, Winkler, A.S., additional, and Michael, B.D., additional
Published: 2023
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11. Global, regional, and national mortality among young people aged 10–24 years, 1950–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Collaborators, GAM, Ward, JL, Azzopardi, PS, Francis, KL, Santelli, JS, Skirbekk, V, Sawyer, SM, Kassebaum, NJ, Mokdad, AH, Hay, SI, Abd-Allah, F, Abdoli, A, Abdollahi, M, Abedi, A, Abolhassani, H, Abreu, LG, Abrigo, MRM, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abushouk, AI, Adebayo, OM, Adekanmbi, V, Adham, D, Advani, SM, Afshari, K, Agrawal, A, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, K, Ahmed, AE, Aji, B, Akombi-Inyang, B, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alanezi, FM, Alanzi, TM, Alcalde-Rabanal, JE, Alemu, BW, Al-Hajj, S, Alhassan, RK, Ali, S, Alicandro, G, Alijanzadeh, M, Aljunid, SM, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Almasri, NA, Al-Mekhlafi, HM, Alonso, J, Al-Raddadi, RM, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Amini, S, Aminorroaya, A, Amit, AML, Amugsi, DA, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Andrei, CL, Androudi, S, Ansari, F, Ansari, I, Antonio, CAT, Anvari, D, Anwer, R, Appiah, SCY, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Ärnlöv, J, Asaad, M, Asadi-Aliabadi, M, Asadi-Pooya, AA, Atout, MMW, Ausloos, M, Avenyo, EK, Avila-Burgos, L, Quintanilla, BPA, Ayano, G, Aynalem, YA, Azari, S, Azene, ZN, Bakhshaei, MH, Bakkannavar, SM, Banach, M, Banik, PC, Barboza, MA, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, TW, Basu, S, Baune, BT, Bayati, M, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Bekuma, TT, Bell, AW, Bell, ML, Benjet, C, Bensenor, IM, Berhe, AK, Berhe, K, Berman, AE, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhattarai, S, Bhutta, ZA, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Biondi, A, Birhanu, TTM, Biswas, RK, Bohlouli, S, Bolla, SR, Boloor, A, Borschmann, R, Boufous, S, Bragazzi, NL, Braithwaite, D, Breitborde, NJK, Brenner, H, Britton, GB, Burns, RA, Nagaraja, SB, Butt, ZA, dos Santos, FLC, Cámera, LA, Campos-Nonato, IR, Rincon, JCC, Cárdenas, R, Carreras, G, Carrero, JJ, Carvalho, F, Castaldelli-Maia, JM, Castañeda-Orjuela, CA, Castelpietra, G, Catalá-López, F, Cerin, E, Chandan, JS, Chang, H-Y, Chang, J-C, Charan, J, Chattu, VK, Chaturvedi, S, Choi, J-YJ, Chowdhury, MAK, Christopher, DJ, Chu, D-T, Chung, MT, Chung, S-C, Cicuttini, FM, Constantin, TV, Costa, VM, Dahlawi, SMA, Dai, H, Dai, X, Damiani, G, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daneshpajouhnejad, P, Darwesh, AM, Dávila-Cervantes, CA, Davletov, K, De la Hoz, FP, De Leo, D, Dervenis, N, Desai, R, Desalew, A, Deuba, K, Dharmaratne, SD, Dhungana, GP, Dianatinasab, M, da Silva, DD, Diaz, D, Didarloo, A, Djalalinia, S, Dorostkar, F, Doshi, CP, Doshmangir, L, Doyle, KE, Duraes, AR, Kalan, ME, Ebtehaj, S, Edvardsson, D, Tantawi, ME, Elgendy, IY, El-Jaafary, SI, Elsharkawy, A, Eshrati, B, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeilnejad, S, Esmaeilzadeh, F, Esteghamati, S, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Fattahi, N, Feigin, VL, Ferede, TY, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Fernandes, E, Ferrara, P, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Fisher, JL, Foigt, NA, Folayan, MO, Fomenkov, AA, Foroutan, M, Fukumoto, T, Gad, MM, Gaidhane, AM, Gallus, S, Gebre, T, Gebremedhin, KB, Gebremeskel, GG, Gebremeskel, L, Gebreslassie, AA, Gesesew, HA, Ghadiri, K, Ghafourifard, M, Ghamari, F, Ghashghaee, A, Gilani, SA, Gnedovskaya, EV, Godinho, MA, Golechha, M, Goli, S, Gona, PN, Gopalani, SV, Gorini, G, Grivna, M, Gubari, MIM, Gugnani, HC, Guimarães, RA, Guo, Y, Gupta, R, Haagsma, JA, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haile, TG, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hall, BJ, Hamadeh, RR, Abdullah, KH, Hamidi, S, Handiso, DW, Hanif, A, Hankey, GJ, Haririan, H, Haro, JM, Hasaballah, AI, Hashi, A, Hassan, A, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Hayat, K, Heidari-Soureshjani, R, Herteliu, C, Heydarpour, F, Ho, HC, Hole, MK, Holla, R, Hoogar, P, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Hsairi, M, Huda, TM, Humayun, A, Hussain, R, Hwang, B-F, Iavicoli, I, Ibitoye, SE, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Inbaraj, LR, Intarut, N, Iqbal, U, Irvani, SSN, Islam, MM, Islam, MS, Iso, H, Ivers, RQ, Jahani, MA, Jakovljevic, M, Jalali, A, Janodia, MD, Javaheri, T, Jeemon, P, Jenabi, E, Jha, RP, Jha, V, Ji, JS, Jonas, JB, Jones, KM, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, JJ, Juliusson, PB, Jürisson, M, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kalankesh, LR, Kalhor, R, Kamyari, N, Kanchan, T, Karch, A, Karimi, SE, Kaur, S, Kayode, GA, Keiyoro, PN, Khalid, N, Khammarnia, M, Khan, M, Khan, N, Khatab, K, Khater, MM, Khatib, MN, Khayamzadeh, M, Khazaie, H, Khoja, AT, Kieling, C, Kim, Y-E, Kim, YJ, Kimokoti, RW, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kivimäki, M, Koolivand, A, Kosen, S, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Kugbey, N, Kumar, GA, Kumar, M, Kumar, N, Kurmi, OP, Kusuma, D, La Vecchia, C, Lacey, B, Lal, DK, Lalloo, R, Lan, Q, Landires, I, Van Charles Lansingh, Larsson, AO, Lasrado, S, Lassi, ZS, Lauriola, P, Lee, PH, Lee, SWH, Leigh, J, Leonardi, M, Leung, J, Levi, M, Lewycka, S, Li, B, Li, M-C, Li, S, Lim, L-L, Lim, SS, Liu, X, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, PA, Lunevicius, R, Maddison, R, Mahasha, PW, Mahdavi, MM, Mahmoudi, M, Majeed, A, Maleki, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malta, DC, Mamun, AA, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, MA, Martinez, G, Martinez-Raga, J, Martins-Melo, FR, Mason-Jones, AJ, Masoumi, SZ, Mathur, MR, Maulik, PK, McGrath, JJ, Mehndiratta, MM, Mehri, F, Memiah, PTN, Mendoza, W, Menezes, RG, Mengesha, EW, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, TJ, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Michalek, IM, Miller, TR, Mini, G, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mirzaei, H, Mirzaei, M, Moazen, B, Mohammad, DK, Mohammadi, S, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadifard, N, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, S, Monasta, L, Moradi, G, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Morrison, SD, Mosapour, A, Khaneghah, AM, Mueller, UO, Muriithi, MK, Murray, CJL, Muthupandian, S, Naderi, M, Nagarajan, AJ, Naghavi, M, Naimzada, MD, Nangia, V, Nayak, VC, Nazari, J, Ndejjo, R, Negoi, I, Negoi, RI, Netsere, HB, Nguefack-Tsague, G, Nguyen, DN, Nguyen, HLT, Nie, J, Ningrum, DNA, Nnaji, CA, Nomura, S, Noubiap, JJ, Nowak, C, Nuñez-Samudio, V, Ogbo, FA, Oghenetega, OB, Oh, I-H, Oladnabi, M, Olagunju, AT, Olusanya, BO, Olusanya, JO, Bali, AO, Omer, MO, Onwujekwe, OE, Ortiz, A, Otoiu, A, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, SS, Øverland, S, Owolabi, MO, Mahesh, PA, Padubidri, JR, Pakshir, K, Palladino, R, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandey, A, Panelo, CIA, Park, E-K, Patten, SB, Peden, AE, Pepito, VCF, Peprah, EK, Pereira, J, Pesudovs, K, Pham, HQ, Phillips, MR, Piradov, MA, Pirsaheb, M, Postma, MJ, Pottoo, FH, Pourjafar, H, Pourshams, A, Prada, SI, Pupillo, E, Syed, ZQ, Rabiee, MH, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Rafiee, A, Raggi, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, MHU, Rahman, MA, Ramezanzadeh, K, Ranabhat, CL, Rao, SJ, Rashedi, V, Rastogi, P, Rathi, P, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Rawal, L, Rawassizadeh, R, Renzaho, AMN, Rezaei, N, Rezai, MS, Riahi, SM, Rickard, J, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Roth, GA, Rubagotti, E, Rumisha, SF, Rwegerera, GM, Sabour, S, Sachdev, PS, Saddik, B, Sadeghi, E, Moghaddam, SS, Sagar, R, Sahebkar, A, Sahraian, MA, Sajadi, SM, Salem, MR, Salimzadeh, H, Samy, AM, Sanabria, J, Santric-Milicevic, MM, Saraswathy, SYI, Sarrafzadegan, N, Sarveazad, A, Sathish, T, Sattin, D, Saxena, D, Saxena, S, Schiavolin, S, Schwebel, DC, Schwendicke, F, Senthilkumaran, S, Sepanlou, SG, Sha, F, Shafaat, O, Shahabi, S, Shaheen, AA, Shaikh, MA, Shakiba, S, Shamsi, M, Shannawaz, M, Sharafi, K, Sheikh, A, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shetty, BSK, Shi, P, Shigematsu, M, Shin, JI, Shiri, R, Shuval, K, Siabani, S, Sigfusdottir, ID, Sigurvinsdottir, R, Silva, DAS, Silva, JP, Simonetti, B, Singh, JA, Singh, V, Sinke, AH, Skryabin, VY, Slater, H, Smith, EUR, Sobhiyeh, MR, Sobngwi, E, Soheili, A, Somefun, OD, Sorrie, MB, Soyiri, IN, Sreeramareddy, CT, Stein, DJ, Stokes, MA, Sudaryanto, A, Sultan, I, Tabarés-Seisdedos, R, Tabuchi, T, Tadakamadla, SK, Taherkhani, A, Tamiru, AT, Tareque, I, Thankappan, KR, Thapar, R, Thomas, N, Titova, MV, Tonelli, M, Tovani-Palone, MR, Tran, BX, Travillian, RS, Tsai, AC, Tsatsakis, A, Car, LT, Uddin, R, Unim, B, Unnikrishnan, B, Upadhyay, E, Vacante, M, Tahbaz, SV, Valdez, PR, Varughese, S, Vasankari, TJ, Venketasubramanian, N, Villeneuve, PJ, Violante, FS, Vlassov, V, Vos, T, Vu, GT, Waheed, Y, Wamai, RG, Wang, Y, Wang, Y-P, Westerman, R, Wickramasinghe, ND, Wu, A-M, Wu, C, Jabbari, SHY, Yamagishi, K, Yano, Y, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yeshitila, YG, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, S-J, Younis, MZ, Yousefinezhadi, T, Yu, C, Yu, Y, Yuce, D, Zaidi, SS, Bin Zaman, S, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zarafshan, H, Zarei, A, Zastrozhin, MS, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z-J, Zhao, X-JG, Zhu, C, Patton, GC, Viner, RM, Collaborators, GBD 2019 Adolescent Mortality, Ward, J. L., Azzopardi, P. S., Francis, K. L., Santelli, J. S., Skirbekk, V., Sawyer, S. M., Kassebaum, N. J., Mokdad, A. H., Hay, S. I., Abd-Allah, F., Abdoli, A., Abdollahi, M., Abedi, A., Abolhassani, H., Abreu, L. G., Abrigo, M. R. M., Abu-Gharbieh, E., Abushouk, A. I., Adebayo, O. M., Adekanmbi, V., Adham, D., Advani, S. M., Afshari, K., Agrawal, A., Ahmad, T., Ahmadi, K., Ahmed, A. E., Aji, B., Akombi-Inyang, B., Alahdab, F., Al-Aly, Z., Alam, K., Alanezi, F. M., Alanzi, T. M., Alcalde-Rabanal, J. E., Alemu, B. W., Al-Hajj, S., Alhassan, R. K., Ali, S., Alicandro, G., Alijanzadeh, M., Aljunid, S. M., Almasi-Hashiani, A., Almasri, N. A., Al-Mekhlafi, H. M., Alonso, J., Al-Raddadi, R. M., Altirkawi, K. A., Alvis-Guzman, N., Amare, A. T., Amini, S., Aminorroaya, A., Amit, A. M. L., Amugsi, D. A., Ancuceanu, R., Anderlini, D., Andrei, C. L., Androudi, S., Ansari, F., Ansari, I., Antonio, C. A. T., Anvari, D., Anwer, R., Appiah, S. C. Y., Arabloo, J., Arab-Zozani, M., Arnlov, J., Asaad, M., Asadi-Aliabadi, M., Asadi-Pooya, A. A., Atout, M. M. W., Ausloos, M., Avenyo, E. K., Avila-Burgos, L., Ayala Quintanilla, B. P., Ayano, G., Aynalem, Y. A., Azari, S., Azene, Z. N., Bakhshaei, M. H., Bakkannavar, S. M., Banach, M., Banik, P. C., Barboza, M. A., Barker-Collo, S. L., Barnighausen, T. W., Basu, S., Baune, B. T., Bayati, M., Bedi, N., Beghi, E., Bekuma, T. T., Bell, A. W., Bell, M. L., Benjet, C., Bensenor, I. M., Berhe, A. K., Berhe, K., Berman, A. E., Bhagavathula, A. S., Bhardwaj, N., Bhardwaj, P., Bhattacharyya, K., Bhattarai, S., Bhutta, Z. A., Bijani, A., Bikbov, B., Biondi, A., Birhanu, T. T. M., Biswas, R. K., Bohlouli, S., Bolla, S. R., Boloor, A., Borschmann, R., Boufous, S., Bragazzi, N. L., Braithwaite, D., Breitborde, N. J. K., Brenner, H., Britton, G. B., Burns, R. A., Burugina Nagaraja, S., Butt, Z. A., Caetano dos Santos, F. L., Camera, L. A., Campos-Nonato, I. R., Campuzano Rincon, J. C., Cardenas, R., Carreras, G., Carrero, J. J., Carvalho, F., Castaldelli-Maia, J. M., Castaneda-Orjuela, C. A., Castelpietra, G., Catala-Lopez, F., Cerin, E., Chandan, J. S., Chang, H. -Y., Chang, J. -C., Charan, J., Chattu, V. K., Chaturvedi, S., Choi, J. -Y. J., Chowdhury, M. A. K., Christopher, D. J., Chu, D. -T., Chung, M. T., Chung, S. -C., Cicuttini, F. M., Constantin, T. V., Costa, V. M., Dahlawi, S. M. A., Dai, H., Dai, X., Damiani, G., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., Daneshpajouhnejad, P., Darwesh, A. M., Davila-Cervantes, C. A., Davletov, K., De la Hoz, F. P., De Leo, D., Dervenis, N., Desai, R., Desalew, A., Deuba, K., Dharmaratne, S. D., Dhungana, G. P., Dianatinasab, M., Dias da Silva, D., Diaz, D., Didarloo, A., Djalalinia, S., Dorostkar, F., Doshi, C. P., Doshmangir, L., Doyle, K. E., Duraes, A. R., Ebrahimi Kalan, M., Ebtehaj, S., Edvardsson, D., El Tantawi, M., Elgendy, I. Y., El-Jaafary, S. I., Elsharkawy, A., Eshrati, B., Eskandarieh, S., Esmaeilnejad, S., Esmaeilzadeh, F., Esteghamati, S., Faro, A., Farzadfar, F., Fattahi, N., Feigin, V. L., Ferede, T. Y., Fereshtehnejad, S. -M., Fernandes, E., Ferrara, P., Filip, I., Fischer, F., Fisher, J. L., Foigt, N. A., Folayan, M. O., Fomenkov, A. A., Foroutan, M., Fukumoto, T., Gad, M. M., Gaidhane, A. M., Gallus, S., Gebre, T., Gebremedhin, K. B., Gebremeskel, G. G., Gebremeskel, L., Gebreslassie, A. A., Gesesew, H. A., Ghadiri, K., Ghafourifard, M., Ghamari, F., Ghashghaee, A., Gilani, S. A., Gnedovskaya, E. V., Godinho, M. A., Golechha, M., Goli, S., Gona, P. N., Gopalani, S. V., Gorini, G., Grivna, M., Gubari, M. I. M., Gugnani, H. C., Guimaraes, R. A., Guo, Y., Gupta, R., Haagsma, J. A., Hafezi-Nejad, N., Haile, T. G., Haj-Mirzaian, A., Hall, B. J., Hamadeh, R. R., Hamagharib Abdullah, K., Hamidi, S., Handiso, D. W., Hanif, A., Hankey, G. J., Haririan, H., Haro, J. M., Hasaballah, A. I., Hashi, A., Hassan, A., Hassanipour, S., Hassankhani, H., Hayat, K., Heidari-Soureshjani, R., Herteliu, C., Heydarpour, F., Ho, H. C., Hole, M. K., Holla, R., Hoogar, P., Hosseini, M., Hosseinzadeh, M., Hostiuc, M., Hostiuc, S., Househ, M., Hsairi, M., Huda, T. M., Humayun, A., Hussain, R., Hwang, B. -F., Iavicoli, I., Ibitoye, S. E., Ilesanmi, O. S., Ilic, I. M., Ilic, M. D., Inbaraj, L. R., Intarut, N., Iqbal, U., Irvani, S. S. N., Islam, M. M., Islam, S. M. S., Iso, H., Ivers, R. Q., Jahani, M. A., Jakovljevic, M., Jalali, A., Janodia, M. D., Javaheri, T., Jeemon, P., Jenabi, E., Jha, R. P., Jha, V., Ji, J. S., Jonas, J. B., Jones, K. M., Joukar, F., Jozwiak, J. J., Juliusson, P. B., Jurisson, M., Kabir, A., Kabir, Z., Kalankesh, L. R., Kalhor, R., Kamyari, N., Kanchan, T., Karch, A., Karimi, S. E., Kaur, S., Kayode, G. A., Keiyoro, P. N., Khalid, N., Khammarnia, M., Khan, M., Khan, M. N., Khatab, K., Khater, M. M., Khatib, M. N., Khayamzadeh, M., Khazaie, H., Khoja, A. T., Kieling, C., Kim, Y. -E., Kim, Y. J., Kimokoti, R. W., Kisa, A., Kisa, S., Kivimaki, M., Koolivand, A., Kosen, S., Koyanagi, A., Krishan, K., Kugbey, N., Kumar, G. A., Kumar, M., Kumar, N., Kurmi, O. P., Kusuma, D., La Vecchia, C., Lacey, B., Lal, D. K., Lalloo, R., Lan, Q., Landires, I., Lansingh, V. C., Larsson, A. O., Lasrado, S., Lassi, Z. S., Lauriola, P., Lee, P. H., Lee, S. W. H., Leigh, J., Leonardi, M., Leung, J., Levi, M., Lewycka, S., Li, B., Li, M. -C., Li, S., Lim, L. -L., Lim, S. S., Liu, X., Lorkowski, S., Lotufo, P. A., Lunevicius, R., Maddison, R., Mahasha, P. W., Mahdavi, M. M., Mahmoudi, M., Majeed, A., Maleki, A., Malekzadeh, R., Malta, D. C., Mamun, A. A., Mansouri, B., Mansournia, M. A., Martinez, G., Martinez-Raga, J., Martins-Melo, F. R., Mason-Jones, A. J., Masoumi, S. Z., Mathur, M. R., Maulik, P. K., Mcgrath, J. J., Mehndiratta, M. M., Mehri, F., Memiah, P. T. N., Mendoza, W., Menezes, R. G., Mengesha, E. W., Meretoja, A., Meretoja, T. J., Mestrovic, T., Miazgowski, B., Miazgowski, T., Michalek, I. M., Miller, T. R., Mini, G. K., Mirica, A., Mirrakhimov, E. M., Mirzaei, H., Mirzaei, M., Moazen, B., Mohammad, D. K., Mohammadi, S., Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A., Mohammadifard, N., Mohammadpourhodki, R., Mohammed, S., Monasta, L., Moradi, G., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Moradzadeh, R., Moraga, P., Morrison, S. D., Mosapour, A., Mousavi Khaneghah, A., Mueller, U. O., Muriithi, M. K., Murray, C. J. L., Muthupandian, S., Naderi, M., Nagarajan, A. J., Naghavi, M., Naimzada, M. D., Nangia, V., Nayak, V. C., Nazari, J., Ndejjo, R., Negoi, I., Negoi, R. I., Netsere, H. B., Nguefack-Tsague, G., Nguyen, D. N., Nguyen, H. L. T., Nie, J., Ningrum, D. N. A., Nnaji, C. A., Nomura, S., Noubiap, J. J., Nowak, C., Nunez-Samudio, V., Ogbo, F. A., Oghenetega, O. B., Oh, I. -H., Oladnabi, M., Olagunju, A. T., Olusanya, B. O., Olusanya, J. O., Omar Bali, A., Omer, M. O., Onwujekwe, O. E., Ortiz, A., Otoiu, A., Otstavnov, N., Otstavnov, S. S., Overland, S., Owolabi, M. O., P A, M., Padubidri, J. R., Pakshir, K., Palladino, R., Pana, A., Panda-Jonas, S., Pandey, A., Panelo, C. I. A., Park, E. -K., Patten, S. B., Peden, A. E., Pepito, V. C. F., Peprah, E. K., Pereira, J., Pesudovs, K., Pham, H. Q., Phillips, M. R., Piradov, M. A., Pirsaheb, M., Postma, M. J., Pottoo, F. H., Pourjafar, H., Pourshams, A., Prada, S. I., Pupillo, E., Quazi Syed, Z., Rabiee, M. H., Rabiee, N., Radfar, A., Rafiee, A., Raggi, A., Rahim, F., Rahimi-Movaghar, V., Rahman, M. H. U., Rahman, M. A., Ramezanzadeh, K., Ranabhat, C. L., Rao, S. J., Rashedi, V., Rastogi, P., Rathi, P., Rawaf, D. L., Rawaf, S., Rawal, L., Rawassizadeh, R., Renzaho, A. M. N., Rezaei, N., Rezai, M. S., Riahi, S. M., Rickard, J., Roever, L., Ronfani, L., Roth, G. A., Rubagotti, E., Rumisha, S. F., Rwegerera, G. M., Sabour, S., Sachdev, P. S., Saddik, B., Sadeghi, E., Saeedi Moghaddam, S., Sagar, R., Sahebkar, A., Sahraian, M. A., Sajadi, S. M., Salem, M. R., Salimzadeh, H., Samy, A. M., Sanabria, J., Santric-Milicevic, M. M., Saraswathy, S. Y. I., Sarrafzadegan, N., Sarveazad, A., Sathish, T., Sattin, D., Saxena, D., Saxena, S., Schiavolin, S., Schwebel, D. C., Schwendicke, F., Senthilkumaran, S., Sepanlou, S. G., Sha, F., Shafaat, O., Shahabi, S., Shaheen, A. A., Shaikh, M. A., Shakiba, S., Shamsi, M., Shannawaz, M., Sharafi, K., Sheikh, A., Sheikhbahaei, S., Shetty, B. S. K., Shi, P., Shigematsu, M., Shin, J. I., Shiri, R., Shuval, K., Siabani, S., Sigfusdottir, I. D., Sigurvinsdottir, R., Silva, D. A. S., Silva, J. P., Simonetti, B., Singh, J. A., Singh, V., Sinke, A. H., Skryabin, V. Y., Slater, H., Smith, E. U. R., Sobhiyeh, M. R., Sobngwi, E., Soheili, A., Somefun, O. D., Sorrie, M. B., Soyiri, I. N., Sreeramareddy, C. T., Stein, D. J., Stokes, M. A., Sudaryanto, A., Sultan, I., Tabares-Seisdedos, R., Tabuchi, T., Tadakamadla, S. K., Taherkhani, A., Tamiru, A. T., Tareque, M. I., Thankappan, K. 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M., Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Ward J.L., Azzopardi P.S., Francis K.L., Santelli J.S., Skirbekk V., Sawyer S.M., Kassebaum N.J., Mokdad A.H., Hay S.I., Abd-Allah F., Abdoli A., Abdollahi M., Abedi A., Abolhassani H., Abreu L.G., Abrigo M.R.M., Abu-Gharbieh E., Abushouk A.I., Adebayo O.M., Adekanmbi V., Adham D., Advani S.M., Afshari K., Agrawal A., Ahmad T., Ahmadi K., Ahmed A.E., Aji B., Akombi-Inyang B., Alahdab F., Al-Aly Z., Alam K., Alanezi F.M., Alanzi T.M., Alcalde-Rabanal J.E., Alemu B.W., Al-Hajj S., Alhassan R.K., Ali S., Alicandro G., Alijanzadeh M., Aljunid S.M., Almasi-Hashiani A., Almasri N.A., Al-Mekhlafi H.M., Alonso J., Al-Raddadi R.M., Altirkawi K.A., Alvis-Guzman N., Amare A.T., Amini S., Aminorroaya A., Amit A.M.L., Amugsi D.A., Ancuceanu R., Anderlini D., Andrei C.L., Androudi S., Ansari 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F., Castaldelli-Maia J.M., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Castelpietra G., Catala-Lopez F., Cerin E., Chandan J.S., Chang H.-Y., Chang J.-C., Charan J., Chattu V.K., Chaturvedi S., Choi J.-Y.J., Chowdhury M.A.K., Christopher D.J., Chu D.-T., Chung M.T., Chung S.-C., Cicuttini F.M., Constantin T.V., Costa V.M., Dahlawi S.M.A., Dai H., Dai X., Damiani G., Dandona L., Dandona R., Daneshpajouhnejad P., Darwesh A.M., Davila-Cervantes C.A., Davletov K., De la Hoz F.P., De Leo D., Dervenis N., Desai R., Desalew A., Deuba K., Dharmaratne S.D., Dhungana G.P., Dianatinasab M., Dias da Silva D., Diaz D., Didarloo A., Djalalinia S., Dorostkar F., Doshi C.P., Doshmangir L., Doyle K.E., Duraes A.R., Ebrahimi Kalan M., Ebtehaj S., Edvardsson D., El Tantawi M., Elgendy I.Y., El-Jaafary S.I., Elsharkawy A., Eshrati B., Eskandarieh S., Esmaeilnejad S., Esmaeilzadeh F., Esteghamati S., Faro A., Farzadfar F., Fattahi N., Feigin V.L., Ferede T.Y., Fereshtehnejad S.-M., Fernandes E., Ferrara P., Filip I., Fischer F., Fisher J.L., Foigt N.A., Folayan M.O., Fomenkov A.A., Foroutan M., Fukumoto T., Gad M.M., Gaidhane A.M., Gallus S., Gebre T., Gebremedhin K.B., Gebremeskel G.G., Gebremeskel L., Gebreslassie A.A., Gesesew H.A., Ghadiri K., Ghafourifard M., Ghamari F., Ghashghaee A., Gilani S.A., Gnedovskaya E.V., Godinho M.A., Golechha M., Goli S., Gona P.N., Gopalani S.V., Gorini G., Grivna M., Gubari M.I.M., Gugnani H.C., Guimaraes R.A., Guo Y., Gupta R., Haagsma J.A., Hafezi-Nejad N., Haile T.G., Haj-Mirzaian A., Hall B.J., Hamadeh R.R., Hamagharib Abdullah K., Hamidi S., Handiso D.W., Hanif A., Hankey G.J., Haririan H., Haro J.M., Hasaballah A.I., Hashi A., Hassan A., Hassanipour S., Hassankhani H., Hayat K., Heidari-Soureshjani R., Herteliu C., Heydarpour F., Ho H.C., Hole M.K., Holla R., Hoogar P., Hosseini M., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc M., Hostiuc S., Househ M., Hsairi M., Huda T.M., Humayun A., Hussain R., Hwang B.-F., Iavicoli I., Ibitoye S.E., Ilesanmi O.S., Ilic I.M., Ilic M.D., Inbaraj 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Lorkowski S., Lotufo P.A., Lunevicius R., Maddison R., Mahasha P.W., Mahdavi M.M., Mahmoudi M., Majeed A., Maleki A., Malekzadeh R., Malta D.C., Mamun A.A., Mansouri B., Mansournia M.A., Martinez G., Martinez-Raga J., Martins-Melo F.R., Mason-Jones A.J., Masoumi S.Z., Mathur M.R., Maulik P.K., McGrath J.J., Mehndiratta M.M., Mehri F., Memiah P.T.N., Mendoza W., Menezes R.G., Mengesha E.W., Meretoja A., Meretoja T.J., Mestrovic T., Miazgowski B., Miazgowski T., Michalek I.M., Miller T.R., Mini G.K., Mirica A., Mirrakhimov E.M., Mirzaei H., Mirzaei M., Moazen B., Mohammad D.K., Mohammadi S., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammadifard N., Mohammadpourhodki R., Mohammed S., Monasta L., Moradi G., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Morrison S.D., Mosapour A., Mousavi Khaneghah A., Mueller U.O., Muriithi M.K., Murray C.J.L., Muthupandian S., Naderi M., Nagarajan A.J., Naghavi M., Naimzada M.D., Nangia V., Nayak V.C., Nazari J., Ndejjo R., Negoi I., Negoi R.I., Netsere H.B., 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Krishan, K, Kugbey, N, Kumar, G, Kumar, M, Kumar, N, Kurmi, O, Kusuma, D, La Vecchia, C, Lacey, B, Lal, D, Lalloo, R, Lan, Q, Landires, I, Lansingh, V, Larsson, A, Lasrado, S, Lassi, Z, Lauriola, P, Lee, P, Lee, S, Leigh, J, Leonardi, M, Leung, J, Levi, M, Lewycka, S, Li, B, Li, M, Li, S, Lim, L, Lim, S, Liu, X, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, P, Lunevicius, R, Maddison, R, Mahasha, P, Mahdavi, M, Mahmoudi, M, Majeed, A, Maleki, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malta, D, Mamun, A, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, M, Martinez, G, Martinez-Raga, J, Martins-Melo, F, Mason-Jones, A, Masoumi, S, Mathur, M, Maulik, P, Mcgrath, J, Mehndiratta, M, Mehri, F, Memiah, P, Mendoza, W, Menezes, R, Mengesha, E, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, T, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Michalek, I, Miller, T, Mini, G, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, E, Mirzaei, H, Mirzaei, M, Moazen, B, Mohammad, D, Mohammadi, S, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadifard, N, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, S, Monasta, L, Moradi, G, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Morrison, S, Mosapour, A, Mousavi Khaneghah, A, Mueller, U, Muriithi, M, Murray, C, Muthupandian, S, Naderi, M, Nagarajan, A, Naghavi, M, Naimzada, M, Nangia, V, Nayak, V, Nazari, J, Ndejjo, R, Negoi, I, Negoi, R, Netsere, H, Nguefack-Tsague, G, Nguyen, D, Nguyen, H, Nie, J, Ningrum, D, Nnaji, C, Nomura, S, Noubiap, J, Nowak, C, Nunez-Samudio, V, Ogbo, F, Oghenetega, O, Oh, I, Oladnabi, M, Olagunju, A, Olusanya, B, Olusanya, J, Omar Bali, A, Omer, M, Onwujekwe, O, Ortiz, A, Otoiu, A, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, S, Overland, S, Owolabi, M, P A, M, Padubidri, J, Pakshir, K, Palladino, R, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandey, A, Panelo, C, Park, E, Patten, S, Peden, A, Pepito, V, Peprah, E, Pereira, J, Pesudovs, K, Pham, H, Phillips, M, Piradov, M, Pirsaheb, M, Postma, M, Pottoo, F, Pourjafar, H, Pourshams, A, Prada, S, Pupillo, E, Quazi Syed, Z, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Rafiee, A, Raggi, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Ramezanzadeh, K, Ranabhat, C, Rao, S, Rashedi, V, Rastogi, P, Rathi, P, Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Rawal, L, Rawassizadeh, R, Renzaho, A, Rezaei, N, Rezai, M, Riahi, S, Rickard, J, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Roth, G, Rubagotti, E, Rumisha, S, Rwegerera, G, Sabour, S, Sachdev, P, Saddik, B, Sadeghi, E, Saeedi Moghaddam, S, Sagar, R, Sahebkar, A, Sahraian, M, Sajadi, S, Salem, M, Salimzadeh, H, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Santric-Milicevic, M, Saraswathy, S, Sarrafzadegan, N, Sarveazad, A, Sathish, T, Sattin, D, Saxena, D, Saxena, S, Schiavolin, S, Schwebel, D, Schwendicke, F, Senthilkumaran, S, Sepanlou, S, Sha, F, Shafaat, O, Shahabi, S, Shaheen, A, Shaikh, M, Shakiba, S, Shamsi, M, Shannawaz, M, Sharafi, K, Sheikh, A, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shetty, B, Shi, P, Shigematsu, M, Shin, J, Shiri, R, Shuval, K, Siabani, S, Sigfusdottir, I, Sigurvinsdottir, R, Silva, D, Silva, J, Simonetti, B, Singh, J, Singh, V, Sinke, A, Skryabin, V, Slater, H, Smith, E, Sobhiyeh, M, Sobngwi, E, Soheili, A, Somefun, O, Sorrie, M, Soyiri, I, Sreeramareddy, C, Stein, D, Stokes, M, Sudaryanto, A, Sultan, I, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tabuchi, T, Tadakamadla, S, Taherkhani, A, Tamiru, A, Tareque, M, Thankappan, K, Thapar, R, Thomas, N, Titova, M, Tonelli, M, Tovani-Palone, M, Tran, B, Travillian, R, Tsai, A, Tsatsakis, A, Tudor Car, L, Uddin, R, Unim, B, Unnikrishnan, B, Upadhyay, E, Vacante, M, Valadan Tahbaz, S, Valdez, P, Varughese, S, Vasankari, T, Venketasubramanian, N, Villeneuve, P, Violante, F, Vlassov, V, Vos, T, Vu, G, Waheed, Y, Wamai, R, Wang, Y, Westerman, R, Wickramasinghe, N, Wu, A, Wu, C, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S, Yamagishi, K, Yano, Y, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yeshitila, Y, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, S, Younis, M, Yousefinezhadi, T, Yu, C, Yu, Y, Yuce, D, Zaidi, S, Zaman, S, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zarafshan, H, Zarei, A, Zastrozhin, M, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z, Zhao, X, Zhu, C, Patton, G, and Viner, R
Subjects: Male, Joves -- Mortalitat, ADOLESCENT HEALTH, CHILDREN, Socioeconomic Factor, Global Burden of Disease, RA0421, Cause of Death, Medicine, Young adult, Child, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Cause of death, education.field_of_study, Adolescent, Age Distribution, Female, Humans, Mortality, Sex Distribution, Socioeconomic Factors, Young Adult, Mortality rate, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, General Medicine, Articles, Hälsovetenskaper, MIDDLE-INCOME, MENTAL-HEALTH, Adolescent health, INTERVENTIONS, Human, SUICIDE, Total fertility rate, Population, Adolescent Health, Adolescents -- Mortalitat, General & Internal Medicine, Health Sciences, QUALITY, Medicine [Science], Social determinants of health, INCOME COUNTRIES, education, business.industry, TRENDS, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Years of potential life lost, INJURIES, business, Demography
Abstract: Background Documentation of patterns and long-term trends in mortality in young people, which reflect huge changes in demographic and social determinants of adolescent health, enables identification of global investment priorities for this age group. We aimed to analyse data on the number of deaths, years of life lost, and mortality rates by sex and age group in people aged 10–24 years in 204 countries and territories from 1950 to 2019 by use of estimates from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. Methods We report trends in estimated total numbers of deaths and mortality rate per 100 000 population in young people aged 10–24 years by age group (10–14 years, 15–19 years, and 20–24 years) and sex in 204 countries and territories between 1950 and 2019 for all causes, and between 1980 and 2019 by cause of death. We analyse variation in outcomes by region, age group, and sex, and compare annual rate of change in mortality in young people aged 10–24 years with that in children aged 0–9 years from 1990 to 2019. We then analyse the association between mortality in people aged 10–24 years and socioeconomic development using the GBD Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite measure based on average national educational attainment in people older than 15 years, total fertility rate in people younger than 25 years, and income per capita. We assess the association between SDI and all-cause mortality in 2019, and analyse the ratio of observed to expected mortality by SDI using the most recent available data release (2017). Findings In 2019 there were 1·49 million deaths (95% uncertainty interval 1·39–1·59) worldwide in people aged 10–24 years, of which 61% occurred in males. 32·7% of all adolescent deaths were due to transport injuries, unintentional injuries, or interpersonal violence and conflict; 32·1% were due to communicable, nutritional, or maternal causes; 27·0% were due to non-communicable diseases; and 8·2% were due to self-harm. Since 1950, deaths in this age group decreased by 30·0% in females and 15·3% in males, and sex-based differences in mortality rate have widened in most regions of the world. Geographical variation has also increased, particularly in people aged 10–14 years. Since 1980, communicable and maternal causes of death have decreased sharply as a proportion of total deaths in most GBD super-regions, but remain some of the most common causes in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia, where more than half of all adolescent deaths occur. Annual percentage decrease in all-cause mortality rate since 1990 in adolescents aged 15–19 years was 1·3% in males and 1·6% in females, almost half that of males aged 1–4 years (2·4%), and around a third less than in females aged 1–4 years (2·5%). The proportion of global deaths in people aged 0–24 years that occurred in people aged 10–24 years more than doubled between 1950 and 2019, from 9·5% to 21·6%. Interpretation Variation in adolescent mortality between countries and by sex is widening, driven by poor progress in reducing deaths in males and older adolescents. Improving global adolescent mortality will require action to address the specific vulnerabilities of this age group, which are being overlooked. Furthermore, indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are likely to jeopardise efforts to improve health outcomes including mortality in young people aged 10–24 years. There is an urgent need to respond to the changing global burden of adolescent mortality, address inequities where they occur, and improve the availability and quality of primary mortality data in this age group. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Published: 2021

12. Italy's health performance, 1990–2017: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author: Monasta, L, Abbafati, C, Logroscino, G, Remuzzi, G, Perico, N, Bikbov, B, Tamburlini, G, Beghi, E, Traini, E, Boston Redford, S, Ariani, F, Borzì, AM, Bosetti, C, Carreras, G, Caso, V, Castelpietra, G, Cirillo, Massimo, Conti, S, Cortesi, PA, Damiani, G, D’Angiolella, LS, Fanzo, J, Farioli, A, Fornari, C, Gallus, S, Giussani, G, Gorini, G, Grosso, G, Guido, D, La Vecchia, C, Lauriola, P, Leonardi, M, Levi, M, Madotto, F, Mondello, S, Naldi, L, Olgiati, S, Palladino, Raffaele, Piccinelli, C, Piccininni, M, Pupillo, P, Raggi, A, Rubino, S, Santalucia, P, Vacante, M, Vidale, S, Violante, FS, Naghavi, M, and Ronfani, Monasta, L, Abbafati, C, Logroscino, G, Remuzzi, G, Perico, N, Bikbov, B, Tamburlini, G, Beghi, E, Traini, E, Boston Redford, S, Ariani, F, Borzì, Am, Bosetti, C, Carreras, G, Caso, V, Castelpietra, G, Cirillo, Massimo, Conti, S, Cortesi, Pa, Damiani, G, D’Angiolella, L, Fanzo, J, Farioli, A, Fornari, C, Gallus, S, Giussani, G, Gorini, G, Grosso, G, Guido, D, La, Vecchia, Lauriola, P, Leonardi, M, Levi, M, Madotto, F, Mondello, S, Naldi, L, Olgiati, S, Palladino, Raffaele, Piccinelli, C, Piccininni, M, Pupillo, P, Raggi, A, Rubino, S, Santalucia, P, Vacante, M, Vidale, S, Violante, F, Naghavi, M, And, Ronfani, GBD 2017 Italy Collaborators, Andrea Farioli, Francesco S. Violante, Monasta, L., Abbafati, C., Logroscino, G., Remuzzi, G., Perico, N., Bikbov, B., Tamburlini, G., Beghi, E., Traini, E., Redford, S. B., Ariani, F., Borzi, A. M., Bosetti, C., Carreras, G., Caso, V., Castelpietra, G., Cirillo, M., Conti, S., Cortesi, P. A., Damiani, G., D'Angiolella, L. S., Fanzo, J., Fornari, C., Gallus, S., Giussani, G., Gorini, G., Grosso, G., Guido, D., La Vecchia, C., Lauriola, P., Leonardi, M., Levi, M., Madotto, F., Mondello, S., Naldi, L., Olgiati, S., Palladino, R., Piccinelli, C., Piccininni, M., Pupillo, E., Raggi, A., Rubino, S., Santalucia, P., Vacante, M., Vidale, S., Violante, F. S., Naghavi, M., Ronfani, L., Redford, S, Borzì, A, Cirillo, M, Cortesi, P, D'Angiolella, L, La Vecchia, C, Palladino, R, Pupillo, E, and Ronfani, L
Subjects: Male, GBD 2017 Italy Collaborators, Health Status, Demographic transition, Disease, Global Health, 01 natural sciences, Global Burden of Disease, Health Statu, 0302 clinical medicine, Universal Health Insurance, Cause of Death, Health care, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Public, Environmental & Occupational Health, global burden of disease, Italy, health performance, health-care system, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Mortality rate, 1. No poverty, Italian health loss, 3. Good health, Female, TERRITORIES, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Human, Population ageing, medicine.medical_specialty, Cost Control, Waiting Lists, GBD, 195 COUNTRIES, World Health Organization, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Life Expectancy, SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, Delivery of Health Care, Humans, 0101 mathematics, Science & Technology, SEX-SPECIFIC MORTALITY, health care system, business.industry, DISABILITY, Public health, 010102 general mathematics, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, lcsh:RA1-1270, xxx, Years of potential life lost, Life expectancy, INJURIES, GBD Italy, business, Demography
Abstract: Summary Background Through a comprehensive analysis of Italy's estimates from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017, we aimed to understand the patterns of health loss and response of the health-care system, and offer evidence-based policy indications in light of the demographic transition and government health spending in the country. Methods Estimates for Italy were extracted from GBD 2017. Data on Italy are presented for 1990 and 2017, on prevalence, causes of death, years of life lost, years lived with disability, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), life expectancy at birth and at age 65 years, healthy life expectancy, and Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index. We compared the estimates for Italy with those of 15 other western European countries. Findings The quality of the universal health system and healthy behaviours contribute to favourable overall health, even in comparison with other western European countries. In 2017, life expectancy and HAQ Index score in Italy were among the highest globally, with life expectancy at birth reaching 85·3 years for females and 80·8 for males in 2017, ranking Italy eighth globally for females and sixth for males, and an HAQ Index score of 94·9 in 2016 compared with 81·54 in 1990, keeping Italy ranked as ninth globally. Between 1990 and 2017 age-standardised death rates for cardiovascular diseases decreased by 53·7% (95% uncertainty interval −56·1 to −51·4), for neoplasms decreased by 28·2% (−32·3 to −24·6), and for transport injuries decreased by 62·1% (−64·6 to −59·2). However, population ageing is causing an increase in the burden of specific diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (DALYs increased by 77·9% [68·4 to 87·2]) and pancreatic (DALYs increased by 39·7% [28·4 to 51·7]) and uterine cancers (DALYs increased by 164·7% [129·7 to 202·5]). Behavioural risk factors, which are potentially modifiable, still have a strong effect, particularly on cardiovascular diseases and neoplasms. For instance, in 2017, 44 400 (41 200 to 47 800) cancer deaths were attributed to smoking, 12 000 (9600 to 14 800) to alcohol use, and 9500 (5400 to 14 200) to high body-mass index, while 47 000 (31 100 to 65 700) deaths due to cardiovascular diseases could be attributed to high LDL cholesterol, 28 700 (19 700 to 38 500) to diets low in whole grains, and 15 900 (8500 to 24 900) to low physical activity. Interpretation Italy provides an interesting example of the results that can be achieved by a mix of relatively healthy lifestyles and a universal health system. Two main issues require attention, population ageing and gradual decrease of public health financing, which both pose several challenges to the future of Italy's health status. Our findings should be useful to Italy's policy makers and health system experts elsewhere. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Published: 2019

13. Lessons learned from people with neurological diseases at the time of COVID‐19: The EFNA‐EAN survey

Author: Bodini, B., Moro, E., Jaarsma, J., Cunningham, E., Sellner, J., Walsh, D., Bassetti, C. L., Beghi, E., Bereczki, D., Burlica, A., Cavallieri, F., Crean, M., Di Liberto, G., Helbok, R., Jenkins, T. M., Macerollo, A., Maia, L. F., Oreja-Guevara, C., Ozturk, S., Rakusa, M., Sauerbier, A., Soffietti, R., Taba, P., Pisani, A., Priori, A., von Oertzen, T. J., and Zedde, M.
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Neurology, Short Communication, perspective, Neurological disorder, Disease, All Neurologists, COVID‐19, Surveys and Questionnaires, Pandemic, medicine, Disinvestment, Humans, people with neurological disease, survey, Social isolation, Disease management (health), Psychiatry, Pandemics, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, COVID-19, chronic disorders, medical care, neurology, Nervous System Diseases, medicine.disease, Clinical trial, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Background and purpose The European Federation of Neurological Associations (EFNA), in partnership with the NeuroCOVID‐19 taskforce of the European Academy of Neurology (EAN), has investigated the impact of the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic on individuals with neurological diseases, as well as the hopes and fears of these patients about the post‐pandemic phase. Methods An EFNA‐EAN survey was available online to any person living with a neurological disorder in Europe. It consisted of 18 items concerning the impact of the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the medical care of people with neurological disorders, and the hopes and fears of these individuals regarding the post‐pandemic phase. Results For 44.4% of the 443 survey participants, the overall care of their neurological disease during the pandemic was inappropriate. This perception was mainly due to significant delays in accessing medical care (25.7%), insufficiently reliable information received about the potential impact of COVID‐19 on their neurological disease (49.6%), and a substantial lack of involvement in their disease management decisions (54.3%). Participants indicated that their major concerns for the post‐pandemic phase were experiencing longer waiting times to see a specialist (24.1%), suffering from social isolation and deteriorating mental well‐being (23.1%), and facing delays in clinical trials with disinvestment in neuroscience research (13.1%). Conclusions Despite the great efforts of health services to cope with the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic, individuals with neurological conditions feel they have been left behind. These findings provide invaluable insights for improving the care of patients with neurological disorders in the further course of the COVID‐19 pandemic., For 44.4% of individuals with neurological disorders participating in the survey, the overall care of their neurological disease during the pandemic was inappropriate due to significant delays in accessing medical care, insufficient information about the potential impact of COVID‐19 on their neurological disease, and a lack of involvement in their disease management decisions. Survey participants indicated that their major concerns for the post‐pandemic phase were experiencing longer waiting times to see a specialist, suffering from social isolation and deteriorating mental well‐being, and facing delays in clinical trials. Overall, despite the great efforts of health services to cope with the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic, people with neurological disorders feel they have been left behind.
Published: 2021

14. Redistribution of garbage codes to underlying causes of death: a systematic analysis on Italy and a comparison with most populous Western European countries based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (Jan, 10.1093/eurpub/ckab194, 2022)

Author: Monasta, L, Alicandro, G, Pasovic, M, Cunningham, M, Armocida, B, Albano, L, Beghi, E, Beghi, M, Bosetti, C, Bragazzi, NL, Carreras,G, Castelpietra, G, Alberico, L, Cattaruzza,MS, Collatuzzo,G, Conti, S, Damiani, G, Ferrara, P, Fornari,C, Gallus, S, Giampaoli,S, Golinelli, D, Isola, G, Lauriola, C, La Vecchia, C, Leonardi, M, Magnani, FG, Minelli, G, Moccia, M, Pedersini, P, Perico, N, Raggi, A, Remuzzi, G, Sanmarchi, F, Sattin, D, Unim, B, Villafañe, JH, Violante, FS, Murray, CJL, Ronfani, L, Naghavi, M, Monasta, L, Alicandro, G, Pasovic, M, Cunningham, M, Armocida, B, Albano, L, Beghi, E, Beghi, M, Bosetti, C, Bragazzi, Nl, Carreras, G, Castelpietra, G, Alberico, L, Cattaruzza, M, Collatuzzo, G, Conti, S, Damiani, G, Ferrara, P, Fornari, C, Gallus, S, Giampaoli, S, Golinelli, D, Isola, G, Lauriola, C, La Vecchia, C, Leonardi, M, Magnani, Fg, Minelli, G, Moccia, M, Pedersini, P, Perico, N, Raggi, A, Remuzzi, G, Sanmarchi, F, Sattin, D, Unim, B, Villafañe, Jh, Violante, F, Murray, Cjl, Ronfani, L, and Naghavi, M
Subjects: heterogeneity cause of death, global burden of disease, ischemic stroke diabetes mellitus type 2, garbage glasgow coma scale, italy
Abstract: In the originally published version of this manuscript, an author was erroneously omitted from the list of authors. The list should read: “Lorenzo Monasta, Gianfranco Alicandro, Maja Pasovic, Matthew Cunningham, Benedetta Armocida, Christopher J L Murray, Luca Ronfani, Mohsen Naghavi, GBD 2019 Italy Causes of Death Collaborators” instead of “Lorenzo Monasta, Gianfranco Alicandro, Maja Pasovic, Matthew Cunningham, Benedetta Armocida, Luca Ronfani, Mohsen Naghavi, GBD 2019 Italy Causes of Death Collaborators”. This error has been corrected online.
Published: 2022

15. Global, regional, and national mortality among young people aged 10–24 years, 1950–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Ward, J, Azzopardi, P, Francis, K, Santelli, J, Skirbekk, V, Sawyer, S, Kassebaum, N, Mokdad, A, Hay, S, Abd-Allah, F, Abdoli, A, Abdollahi, M, Abedi, A, Abolhassani, H, Abreu, L, Abrigo, M, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abushouk, A, Adebayo, O, Adekanmbi, V, Adham, D, Advani, S, Afshari, K, Agrawal, A, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, K, Ahmed, A, Aji, B, Akombi-Inyang, B, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alanezi, F, Alanzi, T, Alcalde-Rabanal, J, Alemu, B, Al-Hajj, S, Alhassan, R, Ali, S, Alicandro, G, Alijanzadeh, M, Aljunid, S, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Almasri, N, Al-Mekhlafi, H, Alonso, J, Al-Raddadi, R, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, A, Amini, S, Aminorroaya, A, Amit, A, Amugsi, D, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Andrei, C, Androudi, S, Ansari, F, Ansari, I, Antonio, C, Anvari, D, Anwer, R, Appiah, S, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Arnlov, J, Asaad, M, Asadi-Aliabadi, M, Asadi-Pooya, A, Atout, M, Ausloos, M, Avenyo, E, Avila-Burgos, L, Ayala Quintanilla, B, Ayano, G, Aynalem, Y, Azari, S, Azene, Z, Bakhshaei, M, Bakkannavar, S, Banach, M, Banik, P, Barboza, M, Barker-Collo, S, Barnighausen, T, Basu, S, Baune, B, Bayati, M, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Bekuma, T, Bell, A, Bell, M, Benjet, C, Bensenor, I, Berhe, A, Berhe, K, Berman, A, Bhagavathula, A, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhattarai, S, Bhutta, Z, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Biondi, A, Birhanu, T, Biswas, R, Bohlouli, S, Bolla, S, Boloor, A, Borschmann, R, Boufous, S, Bragazzi, N, Braithwaite, D, Breitborde, N, Brenner, H, Britton, G, Burns, R, Burugina Nagaraja, S, Butt, Z, Caetano dos Santos, F, Camera, L, Campos-Nonato, I, Campuzano Rincon, J, Cardenas, R, Carreras, G, Carrero, J, Carvalho, F, Castaldelli-Maia, J, Castaneda-Orjuela, C, Castelpietra, G, Catala-Lopez, F, Cerin, E, Chandan, J, Chang, H, Chang, J, Charan, J, Chattu, V, Chaturvedi, S, Choi, J, Chowdhury, M, Christopher, D, Chu, D, Chung, M, Chung, S, Cicuttini, F, Constantin, T, Costa, V, Dahlawi, S, Dai, H, Dai, X, Damiani, G, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daneshpajouhnejad, P, Darwesh, A, Davila-Cervantes, C, Davletov, K, De la Hoz, F, De Leo, D, Dervenis, N, Desai, R, Desalew, A, Deuba, K, Dharmaratne, S, Dhungana, G, Dianatinasab, M, Dias da Silva, D, Diaz, D, Didarloo, A, Djalalinia, S, Dorostkar, F, Doshi, C, Doshmangir, L, Doyle, K, Duraes, A, Ebrahimi Kalan, M, Ebtehaj, S, Edvardsson, D, El Tantawi, M, Elgendy, I, El-Jaafary, S, Elsharkawy, A, Eshrati, B, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeilnejad, S, Esmaeilzadeh, F, Esteghamati, S, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Fattahi, N, Feigin, V, Ferede, T, Fereshtehnejad, S, Fernandes, E, Ferrara, P, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Fisher, J, Foigt, N, Folayan, M, Fomenkov, A, Foroutan, M, Fukumoto, T, Gad, M, Gaidhane, A, Gallus, S, Gebre, T, Gebremedhin, K, Gebremeskel, G, Gebremeskel, L, Gebreslassie, A, Gesesew, H, Ghadiri, K, Ghafourifard, M, Ghamari, F, Ghashghaee, A, Gilani, S, Gnedovskaya, E, Godinho, M, Golechha, M, Goli, S, Gona, P, Gopalani, S, Gorini, G, Grivna, M, Gubari, M, Gugnani, H, Guimaraes, R, Guo, Y, 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B., Zamani M., Zamanian M., Zarafshan H., Zarei A., Zastrozhin M. S., Zhang Y., Zhang Z. -J., Zhao X. -J. G., Zhu C., Patton G. C., and Viner R. M.
Abstract: Background: Documentation of patterns and long-term trends in mortality in young people, which reflect huge changes in demographic and social determinants of adolescent health, enables identification of global investment priorities for this age group. We aimed to analyse data on the number of deaths, years of life lost, and mortality rates by sex and age group in people aged 10–24 years in 204 countries and territories from 1950 to 2019 by use of estimates from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. Methods: We report trends in estimated total numbers of deaths and mortality rate per 100 000 population in young people aged 10–24 years by age group (10–14 years, 15–19 years, and 20–24 years) and sex in 204 countries and territories between 1950 and 2019 for all causes, and between 1980 and 2019 by cause of death. We analyse variation in outcomes by region, age group, and sex, and compare annual rate of change in mortality in young people aged 10–24 years with that in children aged 0–9 years from 1990 to 2019. We then analyse the association between mortality in people aged 10–24 years and socioeconomic development using the GBD Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite measure based on average national educational attainment in people older than 15 years, total fertility rate in people younger than 25 years, and income per capita. We assess the association between SDI and all-cause mortality in 2019, and analyse the ratio of observed to expected mortality by SDI using the most recent available data release (2017). Findings: In 2019 there were 1·49 million deaths (95% uncertainty interval 1·39–1·59) worldwide in people aged 10–24 years, of which 61% occurred in males. 32·7% of all adolescent deaths were due to transport injuries, unintentional injuries, or interpersonal violence and conflict; 32·1% were due to communicable, nutritional, or maternal causes; 27·0% were due to non-communicable diseases; and 8·2% were due to self-harm
Published: 2021

16. Comorbidities in patients with epilepsy: Frequency, mechanisms and effects on long-term outcome

Author: Giussani, G, Bianchi, E, Beretta, S, Carone, D, Difrancesco, J, Stabile, A, Zanchi, C, Pirovano, M, Trentini, C, Padovano, G, Colombo, M, Cereda, D, Tinti, L, Scanziani, S, Gasparini, S, Bogliun, G, Ferrarese, C, Beghi, E, Romeo, A, Viri, M, Specchio, L, Trivisano, M, Mecarelli, O, Zarabla, A, Capovilla, G, Beccaria, F, Sasanelli, F, Galimberti, C, Tartara, E, Zamponi, N, Cappanera, S, Aguglia, U, Ferlazzo, E, La Neve, A, Luisi, C, Pontrelli, G, Cantisani, A, De Maria, G, Albanese, Y, Giussani G., Bianchi E., Beretta S., Carone D., DiFrancesco J. C., Stabile A., Zanchi C., Pirovano M., Trentini C., Padovano G., Colombo M., Cereda D., Tinti L., Scanziani S., Gasparini S., Bogliun G., Ferrarese C., Beghi E., Romeo A., Viri M., Specchio L., Trivisano M., Mecarelli O., Zarabla A., Capovilla G., Beccaria F., Sasanelli F., Galimberti C. A., Tartara E., Zamponi N., Cappanera S., Aguglia U., Ferlazzo E., La Neve A., Luisi C., Pontrelli G., Cantisani A. T., De Maria G., Albanese Y., Giussani, G, Bianchi, E, Beretta, S, Carone, D, Difrancesco, J, Stabile, A, Zanchi, C, Pirovano, M, Trentini, C, Padovano, G, Colombo, M, Cereda, D, Tinti, L, Scanziani, S, Gasparini, S, Bogliun, G, Ferrarese, C, Beghi, E, Romeo, A, Viri, M, Specchio, L, Trivisano, M, Mecarelli, O, Zarabla, A, Capovilla, G, Beccaria, F, Sasanelli, F, Galimberti, C, Tartara, E, Zamponi, N, Cappanera, S, Aguglia, U, Ferlazzo, E, La Neve, A, Luisi, C, Pontrelli, G, Cantisani, A, De Maria, G, Albanese, Y, Giussani G., Bianchi E., Beretta S., Carone D., DiFrancesco J. C., Stabile A., Zanchi C., Pirovano M., Trentini C., Padovano G., Colombo M., Cereda D., Tinti L., Scanziani S., Gasparini S., Bogliun G., Ferrarese C., Beghi E., Romeo A., Viri M., Specchio L., Trivisano M., Mecarelli O., Zarabla A., Capovilla G., Beccaria F., Sasanelli F., Galimberti C. A., Tartara E., Zamponi N., Cappanera S., Aguglia U., Ferlazzo E., La Neve A., Luisi C., Pontrelli G., Cantisani A. T., De Maria G., and Albanese Y.
Abstract: Objective: To assess frequency, types, and mechanisms of comorbidities in people with epilepsy and verify their association with disease features and outcome. Methods: This cohort study was performed in 13 Italian epilepsy centers with nationwide distribution and accurate records. Eligible patients were children and adults diagnosed before December 31, 2005, and followed for a minimum of 10 years. Two pairs of raters independently reviewed patients’ records and classified each comorbidity. In case of disagreement, a third reviewer made the final decision. Comorbidities were classified according to type (organ/system) and underlying mechanism (causal, shared risk factors, chance association). Comorbidity types and mechanisms were described in the entire sample and according to epilepsy prognostic patterns (sustained remission, relapsing-remitting course, no remission). Results: Of 1006 included patients, 266 (26.4%) had at least one comorbidity. The most common were developmental/perinatal (7.5% of cases), psychiatric (6.2%), cardiovascular (5.3%), and endocrine/metabolic (3.8%). Among 408 reported comorbidities, the underlying mechanisms were, in decreasing order, chance association (42.2%), shared risk factors (31.1%), and causal (26.7%). Psychiatric diseases were present in 13.3% of patients with no remission, 5.9% of patients with relapsing-remitting course, and 4.8% of patients with sustained remission (p =.016). The corresponding numbers for endocrine/metabolic diseases were respectively, 9.6%, 3.4%, and 2.9% (p =.013); for respiratory diseases were 3.6%,.3%, and.3% (p =.001), and for urogenital diseases were 3.6%,.7%, and 1.6% (p =.048). The association of endocrine/metabolic, psychiatric, and respiratory comorbidities with epilepsy prognosis was confirmed by multivariable analysis adjusted for the main demographic and clinical variables, with patients with these comorbidities showing a lower probability of achieving remission. Signifi
Published: 2021

17. Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990-2019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Feigin, V, Stark, B, Johnson, C, Roth, G, Bisignano, C, Abady, G, Abbasifard, M, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abd-Allah, F, Abedi, V, Abualhasan, A, Abu-Rmeileh, N, Abushouk, A, Adebayo, O, Agarwal, G, Agasthi, P, Ahinkorah, B, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, S, Salih, Y, Aji, B, Akbarpour, S, Akinyemi, R, Al Hamad, H, Alahdab, F, Alif, S, Alipour, V, Aljunid, S, Almustanyir, S, Al-Raddadi, R, Salman, R, Alvis-Guzman, N, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Anderson, J, Ansar, A, Antonazzo, I, Arabloo, J, Arnlov, J, Artanti, K, Aryan, Z, Asgari, S, Ashraf, T, Athar, M, Atreya, A, Ausloos, M, Baig, A, Baltatu, O, Banach, M, Barboza, M, Barker-Collo, S, Barnighausen, T, Barone, M, Basu, S, Bazmandegan, G, Beghi, E, Beheshti, M, Bejot, Y, Bell, A, Bennett, D, Bensenor, I, Bezabhe, W, Bezabih, Y, Bhagavathula, A, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Birhanu, M, Boloor, A, Bonny, A, Brauer, M, Brenner, H, Bryazka, D, Butt, Z, Dos Santos, F, Campos-Nonato, I, Cantu-Brito, C, Carrero, J, Castaneda-Orjuela, C, Catapano, A, Chakraborty, P, Charan, J, Choudhari, S, Chowdhury, E, Chu, D, Chung, S, Colozza, D, Costa, V, Costanzo, S, Criqui, M, Dadras, O, Dagnew, B, Dai, X, Dalal, K, Damasceno, A, D'Amico, E, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Gela, J, Davletov, K, De La Cruz-Gongora, V, Desai, R, Dhamnetiya, D, Dharmaratne, S, Dhimal, M, Diaz, D, Dichgans, M, Dokova, K, Doshi, R, Douiri, A, Duncan, B, Eftekharzadeh, S, Ekholuenetale, M, El Nahas, N, Elgendy, I, Elhadi, M, El-Jaafary, S, Endres, M, Endries, A, Erku, D, Faraon, E, Farooque, U, Farzadfar, F, Feroze, A, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Flood, D, Gad, M, Gaidhane, S, Gheshlagh, R, Ghashghaee, A, Ghith, N, Ghozali, G, Ghozy, S, Gialluisi, A, Giampaoli, S, Gilani, S, Gill, P, Gnedovskaya, E, Golechha, M, Goulart, A, Guo, Y, Gupta, R, Gupta, V, Gyanwali, P, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Hamidi, S, Hanif, A, Hankey, G, Hargono, A, Hashi, A, Hassan, T, Hassen, H, Havmoeller, R, Hay, S, Hayat, K, Hegazy, M, Herteliu, C, Holla, R, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Huang, J, Humayun, A, Hwang, B, Iacoviello, L, Iavicoli, I, Ibitoye, S, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, I, Ilic, M, Iqbal, U, Irvani, S, Islam, S, Ismail, N, Iso, H, Isola, G, Iwagami, M, Jacob, L, Jain, V, Jang, S, Jayapal, S, Jayaram, S, Jayawardena, R, Jeemon, P, Jha, R, Johnson, W, Jonas, J, Joseph, N, Jozwiak, J, Jurisson, M, Kalani, R, Kalhor, R, Kalkonde, Y, Kamath, A, Kamiab, Z, Kanchan, T, Kandel, H, Karch, A, Katoto, P, Kayode, G, Keshavarz, P, Khader, Y, Khan, E, Khan, I, Khan, M, Khatib, M, Khubchandani, J, Kim, G, Kim, M, Kim, Y, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kivimaki, M, Kolte, D, Koolivand, A, Laxminarayana, S, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Krishnamoorthy, V, Krishnamurthi, R, Kumar, G, Kusuma, D, Vecchia, C, Lacey, B, Lak, H, Lallukka, T, Lasrado, S, Lavados, P, Leonardi, M, Li, B, Li, S, Lin, H, Lin, R, Liu, X, Lo, W, Lorkowski, S, Lucchetti, G, Saute, R, Abd El Razek, H, Magnani, F, Mahajan, P, Majeed, A, Makki, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malik, A, Manafi, N, Mansournia, M, Mantovani, L, Martini, S, Mazzaglia, G, Mehndiratta, M, Menezes, R, Meretoja, A, Mersha, A, Jonasson, J, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Michalek, I, Mirrakhimov, E, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, A, Mokhayeri, Y, Molokhia, M, Moni, M, Al Montasir, A, Moradzadeh, R, Morawska, L, Morze, J, Muruet, W, Musa, K, Nagarajan, A, Naghavi, M, Swamy, S, Nascimento, B, Negoi, R, Kandel, S, Nguyen, T, Norrving, B, Noubiap, J, Nwatah, V, Oancea, B, Odukoya, O, Olagunju, A, Orru, H, Owolabi, M, Padubidri, J, Pana, A, Parekh, T, Park, E, Kan, F, Pathak, M, Peres, M, Perianayagam, A, Pham, T, Piradov, M, Podder, V, Polinder, S, Postma, M, Pourshams, A, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Raggi, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rahmani, A, Rajai, N, Ranasinghe, P, Rao, C, Rao, S, Rathi, P, Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Reitsma, M, Renjith, V, Renzaho, A, Rezapour, A, Rodriguez, J, Roever, L, Romoli, M, Rynkiewicz, A, Sacco, S, Sadeghi, M, Moghaddam, S, Sahebkar, A, Saif-Ur-Rahman, K, Salah, R, Samaei, M, Samy, A, Santos, I, Santric-Milicevic, M, Sarrafzadegan, N, Sathian, B, Sattin, D, Schiavolin, S, Schlaich, M, Schmidt, M, Schutte, A, Sepanlou, S, Seylani, A, Sha, F, Shahabi, S, Shaikh, M, Shannawaz, M, Shawon, M, Sheikh, A, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shibuya, K, Siabani, S, Silva, D, Singh, J, Skryabin, V, Skryabina, A, Sobaih, B, Stortecky, S, Stranges, S, Tadesse, E, Tarigan, I, Temsah, M, Teuschl, Y, Thrift, A, Tonelli, M, Tovani-Palone, M, Tran, B, Tripathi, M, Tsegaye, G, Ullah, A, Unim, B, Unnikrishnan, B, Vakilian, A, Tahbaz, S, Vasankari, T, Venketasubramanian, N, Vervoort, D, Vo, B, Volovici, V, Vosoughi, K, Vu, G, Vu, L, Wafa, H, Waheed, Y, Wang, Y, Wijeratne, T, Winkler, A, Wolfe, C, Woodward, M, Wu, J, Hanson, S, Xu, X, Yadav, L, Yadollahpour, A, Jabbari, S, Yamagishi, K, Yatsuya, H, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Yunusa, I, Zaman, M, Zaman, S, Zamanian, M, Zand, R, Zandifar, A, Zastrozhin, M, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z, Zhong, C, Zuniga, Y, Murray, C, Feigin V. L., Stark B. A., Johnson C. O., Roth G. A., Bisignano C., Abady G. G., Abbasifard M., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Abd-Allah F., Abedi V., Abualhasan A., Abu-Rmeileh N. M. E., Abushouk A. I., Adebayo O. M., Agarwal G., Agasthi P., Ahinkorah B. O., Ahmad S., Ahmadi S., Salih Y. A., Aji B., Akbarpour S., Akinyemi R. O., Al Hamad H., Alahdab F., Alif S. M., Alipour V., Aljunid S. M., Almustanyir S., Al-Raddadi R. M., Salman R. A. -S., Alvis-Guzman N., Ancuceanu R., Anderlini D., Anderson J. A., Ansar A., Antonazzo I. C., Arabloo J., Arnlov J., Artanti K. D., Aryan Z., Asgari S., Ashraf T., Athar M., Atreya A., Ausloos M., Baig A. A., Baltatu O. C., Banach M., Barboza M. A., Barker-Collo S. L., Barnighausen T. W., Barone M. T. U., Basu S., Bazmandegan G., Beghi E., Beheshti M., Bejot Y., Bell A. W., Bennett D. A., Bensenor I. M., Bezabhe W. M., Bezabih Y. M., Bhagavathula A. S., Bhardwaj P., Bhattacharyya K., Bijani A., Bikbov B., Birhanu M. M., Boloor A., Bonny A., Brauer M., Brenner H., Bryazka D., Butt Z. A., Dos Santos F. L. C., Campos-Nonato I. R., Cantu-Brito C., Carrero J. J., Castaneda-Orjuela C. A., Catapano A. L., Chakraborty P. A., Charan J., Choudhari S. G., Chowdhury E. K., Chu D. -T., Chung S. -C., Colozza D., Costa V. M., Costanzo S., Criqui M. H., Dadras O., Dagnew B., Dai X., Dalal K., Damasceno A. A. M., D'Amico E., Dandona L., Dandona R., Gela J. D., Davletov K., De La Cruz-Gongora V., Desai R., Dhamnetiya D., Dharmaratne S. D., Dhimal M. L., Dhimal M., Diaz D., Dichgans M., Dokova K., Doshi R., Douiri A., Duncan B. B., Eftekharzadeh S., Ekholuenetale M., El Nahas N., Elgendy I. Y., Elhadi M., El-Jaafary S. I., Endres M., Endries A. Y., Erku D. A., Faraon E. J. A., Farooque U., Farzadfar F., Feroze A. H., Filip I., Fischer F., Flood D., Gad M. M., Gaidhane S., Gheshlagh R. G., Ghashghaee A., Ghith N., Ghozali G., Ghozy S., Gialluisi A., Giampaoli S., Gilani S. A., Gill P. S., Gnedovskaya E. V., Golechha M., Goulart A. C., Guo Y., Gupta R., Gupta V. B., Gupta V. K., Gyanwali P., Hafezi-Nejad N., Hamidi S., Hanif A., Hankey G. J., Hargono A., Hashi A., Hassan T. S., Hassen H. Y., Havmoeller R. J., Hay S. I., Hayat K., Hegazy M. I., Herteliu C., Holla R., Hostiuc S., Househ M., Huang J., Humayun A., Hwang B. -F., Iacoviello L., Iavicoli I., Ibitoye S. E., Ilesanmi O. S., Ilic I. M., Ilic M. D., Iqbal U., Irvani S. S. N., Islam S. M. S., Ismail N. E., Iso H., Isola G., Iwagami M., Jacob L., Jain V., Jang S. -I., Jayapal S. K., Jayaram S., Jayawardena R., Jeemon P., Jha R. P., Johnson W. D., Jonas J. B., Joseph N., Jozwiak J. J., Jurisson M., Kalani R., Kalhor R., Kalkonde Y., Kamath A., Kamiab Z., Kanchan T., Kandel H., Karch A., Katoto P. D. M. C., Kayode G. A., Keshavarz P., Khader Y. S., Khan E. A., Khan I. A., Khan M., Khan M. A. B., Khatib M. N., Khubchandani J., Kim G. R., Kim M. S., Kim Y. J., Kisa A., Kisa S., Kivimaki M., Kolte D., Koolivand A., Laxminarayana S. L. K., Koyanagi A., Krishan K., Krishnamoorthy V., Krishnamurthi R. V., Kumar G. A., Kusuma D., Vecchia C. L., Lacey B., Lak H. M., Lallukka T., Lasrado S., Lavados P. M., Leonardi M., Li B., Li S., Lin H., Lin R. -T., Liu X., Lo W. D., Lorkowski S., Lucchetti G., Saute R. L., Abd El Razek H. M., Magnani F. G., Mahajan P. B., Majeed A., Makki A., Malekzadeh R., Malik A. A., Manafi N., Mansournia M. A., Mantovani L. G., Martini S., Mazzaglia G., Mehndiratta M. M., Menezes R. G., Meretoja A., Mersha A. G., Jonasson J. M., Miazgowski B., Miazgowski T., Michalek I. M., Mirrakhimov E. M., Mohammad Y., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammed S., Mokdad A. H., Mokhayeri Y., Molokhia M., Moni M. A., Al Montasir A., Moradzadeh R., Morawska L., Morze J., Muruet W., Musa K. I., Nagarajan A. J., Naghavi M., Swamy S. N., Nascimento B. R., Negoi R. I., Kandel S. N., Nguyen T. H., Norrving B., Noubiap J. J., Nwatah V. E., Oancea B., Odukoya O. O., Olagunju A. T., Orru H., Owolabi M. O., Padubidri J. R., Pana A., Parekh T., Park E. -C., Kan F. P., Pathak M., Peres M. F. P., Perianayagam A., Pham T. -M., Piradov M. A., Podder V., Polinder S., Postma M. J., Pourshams A., Radfar A., Rafiei A., Raggi A., Rahim F., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Rahman M., Rahman M. A., Rahmani A. M., Rajai N., Ranasinghe P., Rao C. R., Rao S. J., Rathi P., Rawaf D. L., Rawaf S., Reitsma M. B., Renjith V., Renzaho A. M. N., Rezapour A., Rodriguez J. A. B., Roever L., Romoli M., Rynkiewicz A., Sacco S., Sadeghi M., Moghaddam S. S., Sahebkar A., Saif-Ur-Rahman K. M., Salah R., Samaei M., Samy A. M., Santos I. S., Santric-Milicevic M. M., Sarrafzadegan N., Sathian B., Sattin D., Schiavolin S., Schlaich M. P., Schmidt M. I., Schutte A. E., Sepanlou S. G., Seylani A., Sha F., Shahabi S., Shaikh M. A., Shannawaz M., Shawon Md. S. R., Sheikh A., Sheikhbahaei S., Shibuya K., Siabani S., Silva D. A. S., Singh J. A., Singh J. K., Skryabin V. Y., Skryabina A. A., Sobaih B. H., Stortecky S., Stranges S., Tadesse E. G., Tarigan I. U., Temsah M. -H., Teuschl Y., Thrift A. G., Tonelli M., Tovani-Palone M. R., Tran B. X., Tripathi M., Tsegaye G. W., Ullah A., Unim B., Unnikrishnan B., Vakilian A., Tahbaz S. V., Vasankari T. J., Venketasubramanian N., Vervoort D., Vo B., Volovici V., Vosoughi K., Vu G. T., Vu L. G., Wafa H. A., Waheed Y., Wang Y., Wijeratne T., Winkler A. S., Wolfe C. D. A., Woodward M., Wu J. H., Hanson S. W., Xu X., Yadav L., Yadollahpour A., Jabbari S. H. Y., Yamagishi K., Yatsuya H., Yonemoto N., Yu C., Yunusa I., Zaman M. S., Zaman S. B., Zamanian M., Zand R., Zandifar A., Zastrozhin M. S., Zastrozhina A., Zhang Y., Zhang Z. -J., Zhong C., Zuniga Y. M. H., Murray C. J. 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L., Stark B. A., Johnson C. O., Roth G. A., Bisignano C., Abady G. G., Abbasifard M., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Abd-Allah F., Abedi V., Abualhasan A., Abu-Rmeileh N. M. E., Abushouk A. I., Adebayo O. M., Agarwal G., Agasthi P., Ahinkorah B. O., Ahmad S., Ahmadi S., Salih Y. A., Aji B., Akbarpour S., Akinyemi R. O., Al Hamad H., Alahdab F., Alif S. M., Alipour V., Aljunid S. M., Almustanyir S., Al-Raddadi R. M., Salman R. A. -S., Alvis-Guzman N., Ancuceanu R., Anderlini D., Anderson J. A., Ansar A., Antonazzo I. C., Arabloo J., Arnlov J., Artanti K. D., Aryan Z., Asgari S., Ashraf T., Athar M., Atreya A., Ausloos M., Baig A. A., Baltatu O. C., Banach M., Barboza M. A., Barker-Collo S. L., Barnighausen T. W., Barone M. T. U., Basu S., Bazmandegan G., Beghi E., Beheshti M., Bejot Y., Bell A. W., Bennett D. A., Bensenor I. M., Bezabhe W. M., Bezabih Y. M., Bhagavathula A. S., Bhardwaj P., Bhattacharyya K., Bijani A., Bikbov B., Birhanu M. 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R., Pana A., Parekh T., Park E. -C., Kan F. P., Pathak M., Peres M. F. P., Perianayagam A., Pham T. -M., Piradov M. A., Podder V., Polinder S., Postma M. J., Pourshams A., Radfar A., Rafiei A., Raggi A., Rahim F., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Rahman M., Rahman M. A., Rahmani A. M., Rajai N., Ranasinghe P., Rao C. R., Rao S. J., Rathi P., Rawaf D. L., Rawaf S., Reitsma M. B., Renjith V., Renzaho A. M. N., Rezapour A., Rodriguez J. A. B., Roever L., Romoli M., Rynkiewicz A., Sacco S., Sadeghi M., Moghaddam S. S., Sahebkar A., Saif-Ur-Rahman K. M., Salah R., Samaei M., Samy A. M., Santos I. S., Santric-Milicevic M. M., Sarrafzadegan N., Sathian B., Sattin D., Schiavolin S., Schlaich M. P., Schmidt M. I., Schutte A. E., Sepanlou S. G., Seylani A., Sha F., Shahabi S., Shaikh M. A., Shannawaz M., Shawon Md. S. R., Sheikh A., Sheikhbahaei S., Shibuya K., Siabani S., Silva D. A. S., Singh J. A., Singh J. K., Skryabin V. Y., Skryabina A. A., Sobaih B. H., Stortecky S., Stranges S., Tadesse E. G., Tarigan I. U., Temsah M. -H., Teuschl Y., Thrift A. G., Tonelli M., Tovani-Palone M. R., Tran B. X., Tripathi M., Tsegaye G. W., Ullah A., Unim B., Unnikrishnan B., Vakilian A., Tahbaz S. V., Vasankari T. J., Venketasubramanian N., Vervoort D., Vo B., Volovici V., Vosoughi K., Vu G. T., Vu L. G., Wafa H. A., Waheed Y., Wang Y., Wijeratne T., Winkler A. S., Wolfe C. D. A., Woodward M., Wu J. H., Hanson S. W., Xu X., Yadav L., Yadollahpour A., Jabbari S. H. Y., Yamagishi K., Yatsuya H., Yonemoto N., Yu C., Yunusa I., Zaman M. S., Zaman S. B., Zamanian M., Zand R., Zandifar A., Zastrozhin M. S., Zastrozhina A., Zhang Y., Zhang Z. -J., Zhong C., Zuniga Y. M. H., and Murray C. J. L.
Abstract: Background Regularly updated data on stroke and its pathological types, including data on their incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability, risk factors, and epidemiological trends, are important for evidence-based stroke care planning and resource allocation. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) aims to provide a standardised and comprehensive measurement of these metrics at global, regional, and national levels. Methods We applied GBD 2019 analytical tools to calculate stroke incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and the population attributable fraction (PAF) of DALYs (with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs]) associated with 19 risk factors, for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. These estimates were provided for ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage, and all strokes combined, and stratified by sex, age group, and World Bank country income level. Findings In 2019, there were 12·2 million (95% UI 11·0–13·6) incident cases of stroke, 101 million (93·2–111) prevalent cases of stroke, 143 million (133–153) DALYs due to stroke, and 6·55 million (6·00–7·02) deaths from stroke. Globally, stroke remained the second-leading cause of death (11·6% [10·8–12·2] of total deaths) and the third-leading cause of death and disability combined (5·7% [5·1–6·2] of total DALYs) in 2019. From 1990 to 2019, the absolute number of incident strokes increased by 70·0% (67·0–73·0), prevalent strokes increased by 85·0% (83·0–88·0), deaths from stroke increased by 43·0% (31·0–55·0), and DALYs due to stroke increased by 32·0% (22·0–42·0). During the same period, age-standardised rates of stroke incidence decreased by 17·0% (15·0–18·0), mortality decreased by 36·0% (31·0–42·0), prevalence decreased by 6·0% (5·0–7·0), and DALYs decreased by 36·0% (31·0–42·0). However, among people younger than 70 years, prevalence rates increased by 22·0% (21·0–24·0) and incidence rates
Published: 2021

18. Global, regional, and national progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 for neonatal and child health: all-cause and cause-specific mortality findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Paulson, K, Kamath, A, Alam, T, Bienhoff, K, Abady, G, Abbas, J, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abbastabar, H, Abd-Allah, F, Abd-Elsalam, S, Abdoli, A, Abedi, A, Abolhassani, H, Abreu, L, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abu-Rmeileh, N, Abushouk, A, Adamu, A, Adebayo, O, Adegbosin, A, Adekanmbi, V, Adetokunboh, O, Adeyinka, D, Adsuar, J, Afshari, K, Aghaali, M, Agudelo-Botero, M, Ahinkorah, B, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, K, Ahmed, M, Aji, B, Akalu, Y, Akinyemi, O, Aklilu, A, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alanezi, F, Alanzi, T, Alcalde-Rabanal, J, Al-Eyadhy, A, Ali, T, Alicandro, G, Alif, S, Alipour, V, Alizade, H, Aljunid, S, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Almasri, N, Al-Mekhlafi, H, Alonso, J, Al-Raddadi, R, Altirkawi, K, Alumran, A, Alvis-Guzman, N, Alvis-Zakzuk, N, Ameyaw, E, Amini, S, Amini-Rarani, M, Amit, A, Amugsi, D, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Andrei, C, Ansari, F, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Antonio, C, Antriyandarti, E, Anvari, D, Anwer, R, Aqeel, M, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Aripov, T, Arnlov, J, Artanti, K, Arzani, A, Asaad, M, Asadi-Aliabadi, M, Asadi-Pooya, A, Asghari Jafarabadi, M, Athari, S, Atnafu, D, Atreya, A, Atteraya, M, Ausloos, M, Awan, A, Ayala Quintanilla, B, Ayano, G, Ayanore, M, Aynalem, Y, Azari, S, Azarian, G, Azene, Z, B, D, Babaee, E, Badiye, A, Baig, A, Banach, M, Banik, P, Barker-Collo, S, Barqawi, H, Bassat, Q, Basu, S, Baune, B, Bayati, M, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Beghi, M, Bell, M, Bendak, S, Bennett, D, Bensenor, I, Berhe, K, Berman, A, Bezabih, Y, Bhagavathula, A, Bhandari, D, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhattarai, S, Bhutta, Z, Bikbov, B, Biondi, A, Birihane, B, Biswas, R, Bohlouli, S, Bragazzi, N, Breusov, A, Brunoni, A, Burkart, K, Burugina Nagaraja, S, Busse, R, Butt, Z, Caetano dos Santos, F, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Camargos, P, Camera, L, Cardenas, R, Carreras, G, Carrero, J, Carvalho, F, Castaldelli-Maia, J, Castaneda-Orjuela, C, Castelpietra, G, Cerin, E, Chang, J, Chanie, W, Charan, J, Chatterjee, S, Chattu, S, Chattu, V, Chaturvedi, S, Chen, S, Cho, D, Choi, J, 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A., Koulmane Laxminarayana S. L., Koyanagi A., Krishan K., Krishnamoorthy V., Kuate Defo B., Kucuk Bicer B., Kulkarni V., Kumar G. A., Kumar M., Kumar N., Kurmi O. P., Kusuma D., La Vecchia C., Lacey B., Lalloo R., Lami F. H., Landires I., Larsson A. O., Lasrado S., Lassi Z. S., Lauriola P., Lee P. H., Lee S. W. H., Lee Y. H., Leigh J., Leonardi M., Lewycka S., Li B., Li S., Liang J., Lim L. -L., Limenih M. A., Lin R. -T., Liu X., Lodha R., Lopez A. D., Lozano R., Lugo A., Lunevicius R., Mackay M. T., Madhava Kunjathur S., Magnani F. G., Mahadeshwara Prasad D. R., Maheri M., Mahmoudi M., Majeed A., Maled V., Maleki A., Maleki S., Malekzadeh R., Malik A. A., Malta D. C., Mamun A. A., Mansouri B., Mansournia M. A., Martinez G., Martini S., Martins-Melo F. R., Masoumi S. Z., Maulik P. K., McAlinden C., McGrath J. J., Medina-Solis C. E., Mehrabi Nasab E., Mejia-Rodriguez F., Memish Z. A., Mendoza W., Menezes R. G., Mengesha E. W., Mensah G. A., Meretoja A., Meretoja T. J., Mersha A. M., Mestrovic T., Miazgowski B., Miazgowski T., Michalek I. M., Miller T. R., Mini G. K., Miri M., Mirica A., Mirrakhimov E. M., Mirzaei H., Mirzaei M., Moazen B., Moghadaszadeh M., Mohajer B., Mohamad O., Mohammad Y., Mohammadi S. M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammed S., Mokdad A. H., Molokhia M., Monasta L., Mondello S., Moni M. A., Moore C. E., Moradi G., Moradi M., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Morawska L., Morrison S. D., Mosser J. F., Mousavi Khaneghah A., Mustafa G., Naderi M., Nagarajan A. J., Nagaraju S. P., Naghavi M., Naghshtabrizi B., Naimzada M. D., Nangia V., Narasimha Swamy S., Nascimento B. R., Naveed M., Nazari J., Ndejjo R., Negoi I., Negoi R. I., Nena E., Nepal S., Netsere H. B., Nguefack-Tsague G., Ngunjiri J. W., Nguyen C. T. Y., Nguyen C. T., Nguyen H. L. T., Nigatu Y. T., Nigussie S. N., Nixon M. R., Nnaji C. A., Nomura S., Noor N. M., Noubiap J. J., Nunez-Samudio V., Nwatah V. E., Oancea B., Odukoya O. O., Ogbo F. A., Olusanya B. O., Olusanya J. O., Omar Bali A., Onwujekwe O. E., Ortiz A., Otoiu A., Otstavnov N., Otstavnov S. S., Owolabi M. O., P A M., Padubidri J. R., Pakhale S., Pakshir K., Pal P. K., Palladino R., Pana A., Panda-Jonas S., Pandey A., Pandi-Perumal S. R., Pangaribuan H. U., Pardo-Montano A. M., Park E. -K., Patel S. K., Patton G. C., Pawar S., Pazoki Toroudi H., Peden A. E., Pepito V. C. F., Peprah E. K., Pereira J., Perez-Gomez J., Perico N., Pesudovs K., Pilgrim T., Pinheiro M., Piradov M. A., Pirsaheb M., Platts-Mills J. A., Pokhrel K. N., Postma M. J., Pourjafar H., Prada S. I., Prakash S., Pupillo E., Quazi Syed Z., Rabiee N., Radfar A., Rafiee A., Rafiei A., Raggi A., Rahimzadeh S., Rahman M. H. U., Rahmani A. M., Ramezanzadeh K., Rana J., Ranabhat C. L., Rao S. J., Rasella D., Rastogi P., Rathi P., Rawaf D. L., Rawaf S., Rawasia W. F., Rawassizadeh R., Reiner R. C., Remuzzi G., Renzaho A. M. N., Reshmi B., Resnikoff S., Rezaei N., Rezapour A., Riahi S. M., Ribeiro D., Rickard J., Roever L., Ronfani L., Rothenbacher D., Rubagotti E., Rumisha S. F., Ryan P. M., Saddik B., Sadeghi E., Saeedi Moghaddam S., Sagar R., Sahebkar A., Salahshoor M. R., Salehi S., Salem M. R., Salimzadeh H., Salomon J. A., Samodra Y. L., Samy A. M., Sanabria J., Santric-Milicevic M. M., Saraswathy S. Y. I., Sarker A. R., Sarrafzadegan N., Sarveazad A., Sathian B., Sathish T., Sattin D., Saxena S., Saya G. K., Saylan M., Schiavolin S., Schlaich M. P., Schwebel D. C., Schwendicke F., Senthilkumaran S., Sepanlou S. G., Servan-Mori E., Sha F., Shafaat O., Shahabi S., Shahbaz M., Shaheen A. A., Shahid I., Shaikh M. A., Shakiba S., Shalash A. S., Shams-Beyranvand M., Shannawaz M., Sharafi K., Sheikh A., Sheikhbahaei S., Shiferaw W. S., Shigematsu M., Shin J. I., Shiri R., Shiue I., Shuval K., Siddiqi T. J., Sidemo N. B., Sigfusdottir I. D., Sigurvinsdottir R., Silva J. P., Silverberg J. I. S., Simonetti B., Singh B. B., Singh J. A., Singhal D., Sinha D. N., Skiadaresi E., Skryabin V. Y., Skryabina A. A., Sleet D. A., Sobaih B. H., Sobhiyeh M. R., Soltani S., Soriano J. B., Spurlock E. E., Sreeramareddy C. T., Steiropoulos P., Stokes M. A., Stortecky S., Sufiyan M. B., Suliankatchi Abdulkader R., Sulo G., Swope C. B., Sykes B. L., Szeto M. D., Szocska M., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tadesse E. G., Taherkhani A., Tamiru A. T., Tareque M. I., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Temsah M. -H., Tesfay F. H., Tessema G. A., Tessema Z. T., Thankappan K. R., Thapar R., Tolani M. A., Tovani-Palone M. R., Traini E., Tran B. X., Tripathy J. P., Tsapparellas G., Tsatsakis A., Tudor Car L., Uddin R., Ullah A., Umeokonkwo C. D., Unim B., Unnikrishnan B., Upadhyay E., Usman M. S., Vacante M., Vaezi M., Valadan Tahbaz S., Valdez P. R., Vasankari T. J., Venketasubramanian N., Verma M., Violante F. S., Vlassov V., Vo B., Vu G. T., Wado Y. D., Waheed Y., Wamai R. G., Wang Y., Wang Y. -P., Ward P., Werdecker A., Westerman R., Wickramasinghe N. D., Wilner L. B., Wiysonge C. S., Wu A. -M., Wu C., Xie Y., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S. H., Yamagishi K., Yandrapalli S., Yaya S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Yoon S. -J., Younis M. Z., Yousefi Z., Yousefinezhadi T., Yu C., Yusuf S. S., Zaidi S. S., Zaman S. B., Zamani M., Zamanian M., Zastrozhin M. S., Zastrozhina A., Zhang Y., Zhang Z. -J., Zhao X. -J. G., Ziapour A., Hay S. I., Murray C. J. L., Wang H., and Kassebaum N. J.
Abstract: Background: Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 has targeted elimination of preventable child mortality, reduction of neonatal death to less than 12 per 1000 livebirths, and reduction of death of children younger than 5 years to less than 25 per 1000 livebirths, for each country by 2030. To understand current rates, recent trends, and potential trajectories of child mortality for the next decade, we present the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 findings for all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality in children younger than 5 years of age, with multiple scenarios for child mortality in 2030 that include the consideration of potential effects of COVID-19, and a novel framework for quantifying optimal child survival. Methods: We completed all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality analyses from 204 countries and territories for detailed age groups separately, with aggregated mortality probabilities per 1000 livebirths computed for neonatal mortality rate (NMR) and under-5 mortality rate (U5MR). Scenarios for 2030 represent different potential trajectories, notably including potential effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the potential impact of improvements preferentially targeting neonatal survival. Optimal child survival metrics were developed by age, sex, and cause of death across all GBD location-years. The first metric is a global optimum and is based on the lowest observed mortality, and the second is a survival potential frontier that is based on stochastic frontier analysis of observed mortality and Healthcare Access and Quality Index. Findings: Global U5MR decreased from 71·2 deaths per 1000 livebirths (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 68·3–74·0) in 2000 to 37·1 (33·2–41·7) in 2019 while global NMR correspondingly declined more slowly from 28·0 deaths per 1000 live births (26·8–29·5) in 2000 to 17·9 (16·3–19·8) in 2019. In 2019, 136 (67%) of 204 countries had a U5MR at or below the SDG 3.2 threshold and 133 (65%) had
Published: 2021

19. The management of epilepsy in clinical practice: Do the timing and severity of the disease influence the priorities of patients and the caring physicians? Data from the EPINEEDS study

Author: Enia, G, Giussani, G, Bianchi, E, Mecarelli, O, Beghi, E, Pulitano, P, Cagnetti, C, Baldinelli, S, Lattanzi, S, La, N, Tappata, M, Francavilla, T, De Maria, G, Sofia, V, Giuliano, L, Mainieri, G, Fatuzzo, D, Belcastro, V, Elia, M, D'Orsi, G, Lalla, A, Salmaggi, A, Brigo, F, Magaudda, A, Pisani, F, Pisani, L, Raffaele, M, Cosenza, D, Villani, F, Quintas, R, Cervellione, R, Borroni, S, Meletti, S, Ferrarese, C, Barbella, G, Di Francesco, J, Bogliun, G, Beretta, S, Galimberti, C, Cantisani, T, Cecconi, M, Celani, M, Papetti, R, Giorgi, F, Aguglia, U, Gasparini, S, Ferlazzo, E, Manganotti, P, Crichiutti, G, Bravar, G, Enia G., Giussani G., Bianchi E., Mecarelli O., Beghi E., Pulitano P., Cagnetti C., Baldinelli S., Lattanzi S., La N. A., Tappata M., Francavilla T., De Maria G., Sofia V., Giuliano L., Mainieri G., Fatuzzo D., Belcastro V., Elia M., D'Orsi G., Lalla A., Salmaggi A., Brigo F., Magaudda A., Pisani F. G. S., Pisani L. R., Raffaele M., Cosenza D., Villani F. S., Quintas R. M. M., Cervellione R., Borroni S., Meletti S., Ferrarese C., Barbella G., Di Francesco J., Bogliun G., Beretta S., Galimberti C. A., Cantisani T. A., Cecconi M., Celani M. G., Papetti R., Giorgi F. S., Aguglia U., Gasparini S., Ferlazzo E., Manganotti P., Crichiutti G., Bravar G., Enia, G, Giussani, G, Bianchi, E, Mecarelli, O, Beghi, E, Pulitano, P, Cagnetti, C, Baldinelli, S, Lattanzi, S, La, N, Tappata, M, Francavilla, T, De Maria, G, Sofia, V, Giuliano, L, Mainieri, G, Fatuzzo, D, Belcastro, V, Elia, M, D'Orsi, G, Lalla, A, Salmaggi, A, Brigo, F, Magaudda, A, Pisani, F, Pisani, L, Raffaele, M, Cosenza, D, Villani, F, Quintas, R, Cervellione, R, Borroni, S, Meletti, S, Ferrarese, C, Barbella, G, Di Francesco, J, Bogliun, G, Beretta, S, Galimberti, C, Cantisani, T, Cecconi, M, Celani, M, Papetti, R, Giorgi, F, Aguglia, U, Gasparini, S, Ferlazzo, E, Manganotti, P, Crichiutti, G, Bravar, G, Enia G., Giussani G., Bianchi E., Mecarelli O., Beghi E., Pulitano P., Cagnetti C., Baldinelli S., Lattanzi S., La N. A., Tappata M., Francavilla T., De Maria G., Sofia V., Giuliano L., Mainieri G., Fatuzzo D., Belcastro V., Elia M., D'Orsi G., Lalla A., Salmaggi A., Brigo F., Magaudda A., Pisani F. G. S., Pisani L. R., Raffaele M., Cosenza D., Villani F. S., Quintas R. M. M., Cervellione R., Borroni S., Meletti S., Ferrarese C., Barbella G., Di Francesco J., Bogliun G., Beretta S., Galimberti C. A., Cantisani T. A., Cecconi M., Celani M. G., Papetti R., Giorgi F. S., Aguglia U., Gasparini S., Ferlazzo E., Manganotti P., Crichiutti G., and Bravar G.
Abstract: Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the priorities of patients with epilepsy and their caring physicians with reference to the timing and severity of the disease. Methods: This is a national survey in which patients with epilepsy followed in 21 Italian epilepsy centers, and their caring physicians were asked to fill anonymous questionnaires to collect data on different aspects of the disease and their needs and priorities in its management. The collected information included demographics, clinical profile and diagnosis, treatment and outcome of epilepsy. The questions were designed to understand the expectations of the patients and their caring physicians and verify the degree of concordance between patient and doctor. The study population was divided in six prognostic categories: (1) Newly diagnosed epilepsy; (2) Absence of seizures for at least 2 years; (3) Absence of seizures for at least 1 year or occasional seizures; (4) Nondrug-resistant recurrent seizures; (5) drug-resistant seizures; (6) surgical candidate. Results: Of the 787 patients enrolled, 432 were women and 355 men aged 15 to 88 years (median 41 years). Disease duration ranged from 6 months to 75 years. The sample included 53 patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy, 283 without seizures for at least 2 years, 162 seizure-free for at least 1 year or with occasional seizures, 123 with nondrug-resistant recurrent seizures, 128 with drug-resistant seizures, and 38 surgical candidates. Significant differences were found between patients and physicians in terms of priorities and needs with reference to the management of the disease. While physicians tend to prioritize the information on the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy depending on timing and severity, patients focus on the search of the cause, the side effects of drugs, and the effects of any new treatment on the control of seizures regardless of the prognostic category. In addition, physicians tend to undervalue the communication of
Published: 2021

20. Discontinuation of antiseizure medications in seizure-free patients with long-term follow-up: Patients’ profile, seizure recurrence, and risk factors

Author: Beghi, E, Beretta, S, Colombo, M, Bianchi, E, Carone, D, Zanchi, C, Tinti, L, Pirovano, M, Trentini, C, Padovano, G, Cereda, D, Scanziani, S, Giussani, G, Gasparini, S, Bogliun, G, Ferrarese, C, Beghi E., Beretta S., Colombo M., Bianchi E., Carone D., Zanchi C., Tinti L., Pirovano M., Trentini C., Padovano G., Cereda D., Scanziani S., Giussani G., Gasparini S., Bogliun G., Ferrarese C., Beghi, E, Beretta, S, Colombo, M, Bianchi, E, Carone, D, Zanchi, C, Tinti, L, Pirovano, M, Trentini, C, Padovano, G, Cereda, D, Scanziani, S, Giussani, G, Gasparini, S, Bogliun, G, Ferrarese, C, Beghi E., Beretta S., Colombo M., Bianchi E., Carone D., Zanchi C., Tinti L., Pirovano M., Trentini C., Padovano G., Cereda D., Scanziani S., Giussani G., Gasparini S., Bogliun G., and Ferrarese C.
Abstract: Objective: To compare withdrawal of antiseizure medications (ASM) to continued treatment in newly diagnosed individuals achieving seizure freedom, and assess the risk of relapse and factors associated with relapse. Methods: This is a multicenter retrospective cohort study with long-term follow-up. Patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy were identified from the medical records of 13 Italian epilepsy centers and followed up until the most recent visit or death. Seizure-free patients discontinuing treatment were compared to patients who maintained treatment for baseline characteristics. Treatment was stopped upon clinical judgment. The probability of relapse was calculated with the Kaplan–Meier method. Demographic, clinical, and instrumental variables associated with relapse were assessed with Cox proportional hazards models. Results: One thousand and six patients aged 1 month to 72 years at diagnosis were enrolled and followed up for 17,892 person-years (median follow-up, 9.9 years). Three hundred and twenty patients (31.8%) underwent one or more treatment discontinuations. Factors associated with ASM withdrawal were younger age at remission and normal psychiatric examination. The probability of relapse after the first withdrawal was 16% at six months, 24% at 12 months, and 36%, 45%, and 53% at three, five, and ten years, respectively. The probability of remission after the first relapse was 59% at one month, 67%, 72, and 76% at three, six, and 12 months, respectively. Variables associated with relapse were age 14+ years, structural etiology, abnormal neuroimaging, ASM initiation after a single seizure, and symptomatic/cryptogenic epilepsy. Conclusions: About one half of seizure-free patients stopping ASM relapse in 10 years. However, the possibility of remission after relapse is high, particularly in children and patients with idiopathic/cryptogenic epilepsy. Treatment deprescription might be encouraged at least in these patients.
Published: 2021

21. Long-term risk of chronic epilepsy in adults after post-anoxic coma and refractory status epilepticus: A retrospective cohort study

Author: Tinti, L, Beretta, S, Coppo, A, Bianchi, E, Zanchi, C, Carone, D, Stabile, A, Padovano, G, Sulmina, E, Greco, G, Diamanti, S, Difrancesco, J, Bogliun, G, Foti, G, Ferrarese, C, Beghi, E, Avalli, L, Tinti L., Beretta S., Coppo A., Bianchi E., Zanchi C., Carone D., Stabile A., Padovano G., Sulmina E., Greco G., Diamanti S., Difrancesco J. C., Bogliun G., Foti G., Ferrarese C., Beghi E., Avalli L., Tinti, L, Beretta, S, Coppo, A, Bianchi, E, Zanchi, C, Carone, D, Stabile, A, Padovano, G, Sulmina, E, Greco, G, Diamanti, S, Difrancesco, J, Bogliun, G, Foti, G, Ferrarese, C, Beghi, E, Avalli, L, Tinti L., Beretta S., Coppo A., Bianchi E., Zanchi C., Carone D., Stabile A., Padovano G., Sulmina E., Greco G., Diamanti S., Difrancesco J. C., Bogliun G., Foti G., Ferrarese C., Beghi E., and Avalli L.
Published: 2021

22. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: can a diagnosis be made in patients not fulfilling electrodiagnostic criteria?

Author: Liberatore, G, Manganelli, F, Doneddu, P, Cocito, D, Fazio, R, Briani, C, Filosto, M, Benedetti, L, Mazzeo, A, Antonini, G, Cosentino, G, Jann, S, Cortese, A, Marfia, G, Clerici, A, Siciliano, G, Carpo, M, Luigetti, M, Lauria, G, Rosso, T, Cavaletti, G, Santoro, L, Peci, E, Tronci, S, Ruiz, M, Cotti Piccinelli, S, Schenone, A, Leonardi, L, Toscano, A, Mataluni, G, Spina, E, Gentile, L, Nobile-Orazio, E, Gallia, F, Beronio, A, Piccolo, L, Fierro, B, Verrengia, E, Bianchi, E, Beghi, E, Scrascia, F, Garnero, M, Sabatelli, M, Dacci, P, Schirinzi, E, Balducci, C, Liberatore G., Manganelli F., Doneddu P. E., Cocito D., Fazio R., Briani C., Filosto M., Benedetti L., Mazzeo A., Antonini G., Cosentino G., Jann S., Cortese A., Marfia G. A., Clerici A. M., Siciliano G., Carpo M., Luigetti M., Lauria G., Rosso T., Cavaletti G., Santoro L., Peci E., Tronci S., Ruiz M., Cotti Piccinelli S., Schenone A., Leonardi L., Toscano A., Mataluni G., Spina E., Gentile L., Nobile-Orazio E., Gallia F., Beronio A., Piccolo L., Fierro B., Verrengia E. P., Bianchi E., Beghi E., Scrascia F., Garnero M., Sabatelli M., Dacci P., Schirinzi E., Balducci C., Liberatore, G, Manganelli, F, Doneddu, P, Cocito, D, Fazio, R, Briani, C, Filosto, M, Benedetti, L, Mazzeo, A, Antonini, G, Cosentino, G, Jann, S, Cortese, A, Marfia, G, Clerici, A, Siciliano, G, Carpo, M, Luigetti, M, Lauria, G, Rosso, T, Cavaletti, G, Santoro, L, Peci, E, Tronci, S, Ruiz, M, Cotti Piccinelli, S, Schenone, A, Leonardi, L, Toscano, A, Mataluni, G, Spina, E, Gentile, L, Nobile-Orazio, E, Gallia, F, Beronio, A, Piccolo, L, Fierro, B, Verrengia, E, Bianchi, E, Beghi, E, Scrascia, F, Garnero, M, Sabatelli, M, Dacci, P, Schirinzi, E, Balducci, C, Liberatore G., Manganelli F., Doneddu P. E., Cocito D., Fazio R., Briani C., Filosto M., Benedetti L., Mazzeo A., Antonini G., Cosentino G., Jann S., Cortese A., Marfia G. A., Clerici A. M., Siciliano G., Carpo M., Luigetti M., Lauria G., Rosso T., Cavaletti G., Santoro L., Peci E., Tronci S., Ruiz M., Cotti Piccinelli S., Schenone A., Leonardi L., Toscano A., Mataluni G., Spina E., Gentile L., Nobile-Orazio E., Gallia F., Beronio A., Piccolo L., Fierro B., Verrengia E. P., Bianchi E., Beghi E., Scrascia F., Garnero M., Sabatelli M., Dacci P., Schirinzi E., and Balducci C.
Abstract: Background and purpose: The aim was to identify the clinical and diagnostic investigations that may help to support a diagnosis of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) in patients not fulfilling the European Federation of Neurological Societies and Peripheral Nerve Society (EFNS/PNS) electrodiagnostic criteria. Methods: The data from patients with a clinical diagnosis of CIDP included in a national database were retrospectively reviewed. Results: In all, 535 patients with a diagnosis of CIDP were included. This diagnosis fulfilled the EFNS/PNS criteria in 468 patients (87.2%) (definite in 430, probable in 33, possible in three, while two had chronic immune sensory polyradiculopathy). Sixty-seven patients had a medical history and clinical signs compatible with CIDP but electrodiagnostic studies did not fulfill the EFNS/PNS criteria for CIDP. These patients had similar clinical features and frequency of abnormal supportive criteria for the diagnosis of CIDP compared to patients fulfilling EFNS/PNS criteria. Two or more abnormal supportive criteria were present in 40 (61.2%) patients rising to 54 (80.6%) if a history of a relapsing course as a possible supportive criterion was also included. Increased cerebrospinal fluid proteins and response to immune therapy most frequently helped in supporting the diagnosis of CIDP. Response to therapy was similarly frequent in patients fulfilling or not EFNS/PNS criteria (87.3% vs. 85.9%). Conclusions: Patients with a clinical diagnosis of CIDP had similar clinical findings, frequency of abnormal supportive criteria and response to therapy compared to patients fulfilling EFNS/PNS criteria. The presence of abnormal supportive criteria may help in supporting the diagnosis of CIDP in patients with a medical history and clinical signs compatible with this diagnosis but non-diagnostic nerve conduction studies.
Published: 2021

23. Common and rare variant association analyses in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis identify 15 risk loci with distinct genetic architectures and neuron-specific biology

Author: van Rheenen, W, van der Spek, R, Bakker, M, van Vugt, J, Hop, P, Zwamborn, R, de Klein, N, Westra, H, Bakker, O, Deelen, P, Shireby, G, Hannon, E, Moisse, M, Baird, D, Restuadi, R, Dolzhenko, E, Dekker, A, Gawor, K, Westeneng, H, Tazelaar, G, van Eijk, K, Kooyman, M, Byrne, R, Doherty, M, Heverin, M, Al Khleifat, A, Iacoangeli, A, Shatunov, A, Ticozzi, N, Cooper-Knock, J, Smith, B, Gromicho, M, Chandran, S, Pal, S, Morrison, K, Shaw, P, Hardy, J, Orrell, R, Sendtner, M, Meyer, T, Basak, N, van der Kooi, A, Ratti, A, Fogh, I, Gellera, C, Lauria, G, Corti, S, Cereda, C, Sproviero, D, D'Alfonso, S, Soraru, G, Siciliano, G, Filosto, M, Padovani, A, Chio, A, Calvo, A, Moglia, C, Brunetti, M, Canosa, A, Grassano, M, Beghi, E, Pupillo, E, Logroscino, G, Nefussy, B, Osmanovic, A, Nordin, A, Lerner, Y, Zabari, M, Gotkine, M, Baloh, R, Bell, S, Vourc'H, P, Corcia, P, Couratier, P, Millecamps, S, Meininger, V, Salachas, F, Mora Pardina, J, Assialioui, A, Rojas-Garcia, R, Dion, P, Ross, J, Ludolph, A, Weishaupt, J, Brenner, D, Freischmidt, A, Bensimon, G, Brice, A, Durr, A, Payan, C, Saker-Delye, S, Wood, N, Topp, S, Rademakers, R, Tittmann, L, Lieb, W, Franke, A, Ripke, S, Braun, A, Kraft, J, Whiteman, D, Olsen, C, Uitterlinden, A, Hofman, A, Rietschel, M, Cichon, S, Nothen, M, Amouyel, P, Traynor, B, Singleton, A, Mitne Neto, M, Cauchi, R, Ophoff, R, Wiedau-Pazos, M, Lomen-Hoerth, C, van Deerlin, V, Grosskreutz, J, Roediger, A, Gaur, N, Jork, A, Barthel, T, Theele, E, Ilse, B, Stubendorff, B, Witte, O, Steinbach, R, Hubner, C, Graff, C, Brylev, L, Fominykh, V, Demeshonok, V, Ataulina, A, Rogelj, B, Koritnik, B, Zidar, J, Ravnik-Glavac, M, Glavac, D, Stevic, Z, Drory, V, Povedano, M, Blair, I, Kiernan, M, Benyamin, B, Henderson, R, Furlong, S, Mathers, S, Mccombe, P, Needham, M, Ngo, S, Nicholson, G, Pamphlett, R, Rowe, D, Steyn, F, Williams, K, Mather, K, Sachdev, P, Henders, A, Wallace, L, de Carvalho, M, Pinto, S, Petri, S, Weber, M, Rouleau, G, Silani, V, Curtis, C, Breen, G, Glass, J, Brown, R, Landers, J, Shaw, C, Andersen, P, Groen, E, van Es, M, Pasterkamp, R, Fan, D, Garton, F, Mcrae, A, Davey Smith, G, Gaunt, T, Eberle, M, Mill, J, Mclaughlin, R, Hardiman, O, Kenna, K, Wray, N, Tsai, E, Runz, H, Franke, L, Al-Chalabi, A, Van Damme, P, van den Berg, L, Veldink, J, Ferrarese, C, van Rheenen W., van der Spek R. A. A., Bakker M. K., van Vugt J. J. F. A., Hop P. J., Zwamborn R. A. J., de Klein N., Westra H. -J., Bakker O. B., Deelen P., Shireby G., Hannon E., Moisse M., Baird D., Restuadi R., Dolzhenko E., Dekker A. M., Gawor K., Westeneng H. -J., Tazelaar G. H. P., van Eijk K. R., Kooyman M., Byrne R. P., Doherty M., Heverin M., Al Khleifat A., Iacoangeli A., Shatunov A., Ticozzi N., Cooper-Knock J., Smith B. N., Gromicho M., Chandran S., Pal S., Morrison K. E., Shaw P. J., Hardy J., Orrell R. W., Sendtner M., Meyer T., Basak N., van der Kooi A. J., Ratti A., Fogh I., Gellera C., Lauria G., Corti S., Cereda C., Sproviero D., D'Alfonso S., Soraru G., Siciliano G., Filosto M., Padovani A., Chio A., Calvo A., Moglia C., Brunetti M., Canosa A., Grassano M., Beghi E., Pupillo E., Logroscino G., Nefussy B., Osmanovic A., Nordin A., Lerner Y., Zabari M., Gotkine M., Baloh R. H., Bell S., Vourc'h P., Corcia P., Couratier P., Millecamps S., Meininger V., Salachas F., Mora Pardina J. S., Assialioui A., Rojas-Garcia R., Dion P. A., Ross J. P., Ludolph A. C., Weishaupt J. H., Brenner D., Freischmidt A., Bensimon G., Brice A., Durr A., Payan C. A. M., Saker-Delye S., Wood N. W., Topp S., Rademakers R., Tittmann L., Lieb W., Franke A., Ripke S., Braun A., Kraft J., Whiteman D. C., Olsen C. M., Uitterlinden A. G., Hofman A., Rietschel M., Cichon S., Nothen M. M., Amouyel P., Traynor B. J., Singleton A. B., Mitne Neto M., Cauchi R. J., Ophoff R. A., Wiedau-Pazos M., Lomen-Hoerth C., van Deerlin V. M., Grosskreutz J., Roediger A., Gaur N., Jork A., Barthel T., Theele E., Ilse B., Stubendorff B., Witte O. W., Steinbach R., Hubner C. A., Graff C., Brylev L., Fominykh V., Demeshonok V., Ataulina A., Rogelj B., Koritnik B., Zidar J., Ravnik-Glavac M., Glavac D., Stevic Z., Drory V., Povedano M., Blair I. P., Kiernan M. C., Benyamin B., Henderson R. D., Furlong S., Mathers S., McCombe P. A., Needham M., Ngo S. T., Nicholson G. A., Pamphlett R., Rowe D. B., Steyn F. J., Williams K. L., Mather K. A., Sachdev P. S., Henders A. K., Wallace L., de Carvalho M., Pinto S., Petri S., Weber M., Rouleau G. A., Silani V., Curtis C. J., Breen G., Glass J. D., Brown R. H., Landers J. E., Shaw C. E., Andersen P. M., Groen E. J. N., van Es M. A., Pasterkamp R. J., Fan D., Garton F. C., McRae A. F., Davey Smith G., Gaunt T. R., Eberle M. A., Mill J., McLaughlin R. L., Hardiman O., Kenna K. P., Wray N. R., Tsai E., Runz H., Franke L., Al-Chalabi A., Van Damme P., van den Berg L. H., Veldink J. H., Ferrarese C., van Rheenen, W, van der Spek, R, Bakker, M, van Vugt, J, Hop, P, Zwamborn, R, de Klein, N, Westra, H, Bakker, O, Deelen, P, Shireby, G, Hannon, E, Moisse, M, Baird, D, Restuadi, R, Dolzhenko, E, Dekker, A, Gawor, K, Westeneng, H, Tazelaar, G, van Eijk, K, Kooyman, M, Byrne, R, Doherty, M, Heverin, M, Al Khleifat, A, Iacoangeli, A, Shatunov, A, Ticozzi, N, Cooper-Knock, J, Smith, B, Gromicho, M, Chandran, S, Pal, S, Morrison, K, Shaw, P, Hardy, J, Orrell, R, Sendtner, M, Meyer, T, Basak, N, van der Kooi, A, Ratti, A, Fogh, I, Gellera, C, Lauria, G, Corti, S, Cereda, C, Sproviero, D, D'Alfonso, S, Soraru, G, Siciliano, G, Filosto, M, Padovani, A, Chio, A, Calvo, A, Moglia, C, Brunetti, M, Canosa, A, Grassano, M, Beghi, E, Pupillo, E, Logroscino, G, Nefussy, B, Osmanovic, A, Nordin, A, Lerner, Y, Zabari, M, Gotkine, M, Baloh, R, Bell, S, Vourc'H, P, Corcia, P, Couratier, P, Millecamps, S, Meininger, V, Salachas, F, Mora Pardina, J, Assialioui, A, Rojas-Garcia, R, Dion, P, Ross, J, Ludolph, A, Weishaupt, J, Brenner, D, Freischmidt, A, Bensimon, G, Brice, A, Durr, A, Payan, C, Saker-Delye, S, Wood, N, Topp, S, Rademakers, R, Tittmann, L, Lieb, W, Franke, A, Ripke, S, Braun, A, Kraft, J, Whiteman, D, Olsen, C, Uitterlinden, A, Hofman, A, Rietschel, M, Cichon, S, Nothen, M, Amouyel, P, Traynor, B, Singleton, A, Mitne Neto, M, Cauchi, R, Ophoff, R, Wiedau-Pazos, M, Lomen-Hoerth, C, van Deerlin, V, Grosskreutz, J, Roediger, A, Gaur, N, Jork, A, Barthel, T, Theele, E, Ilse, B, Stubendorff, B, Witte, O, Steinbach, R, Hubner, C, Graff, C, Brylev, L, Fominykh, V, Demeshonok, V, Ataulina, A, Rogelj, B, Koritnik, B, Zidar, J, Ravnik-Glavac, M, Glavac, D, Stevic, Z, Drory, V, Povedano, M, Blair, I, Kiernan, M, Benyamin, B, Henderson, R, Furlong, S, Mathers, S, Mccombe, P, Needham, M, Ngo, S, Nicholson, G, Pamphlett, R, Rowe, D, Steyn, F, Williams, K, Mather, K, Sachdev, P, Henders, A, Wallace, L, de Carvalho, M, Pinto, S, Petri, S, Weber, M, Rouleau, G, Silani, V, Curtis, C, Breen, G, Glass, J, Brown, R, Landers, J, Shaw, C, Andersen, P, Groen, E, van Es, M, Pasterkamp, R, Fan, D, Garton, F, Mcrae, A, Davey Smith, G, Gaunt, T, Eberle, M, Mill, J, Mclaughlin, R, Hardiman, O, Kenna, K, Wray, N, Tsai, E, Runz, H, Franke, L, Al-Chalabi, A, Van Damme, P, van den Berg, L, Veldink, J, Ferrarese, C, van Rheenen W., van der Spek R. A. A., Bakker M. K., van Vugt J. J. F. A., Hop P. J., Zwamborn R. A. J., de Klein N., Westra H. -J., Bakker O. B., Deelen P., Shireby G., Hannon E., Moisse M., Baird D., Restuadi R., Dolzhenko E., Dekker A. M., Gawor K., Westeneng H. -J., Tazelaar G. H. P., van Eijk K. R., Kooyman M., Byrne R. P., Doherty M., Heverin M., Al Khleifat A., Iacoangeli A., Shatunov A., Ticozzi N., Cooper-Knock J., Smith B. N., Gromicho M., Chandran S., Pal S., Morrison K. E., Shaw P. J., Hardy J., Orrell R. W., Sendtner M., Meyer T., Basak N., van der Kooi A. J., Ratti A., Fogh I., Gellera C., Lauria G., Corti S., Cereda C., Sproviero D., D'Alfonso S., Soraru G., Siciliano G., Filosto M., Padovani A., Chio A., Calvo A., Moglia C., Brunetti M., Canosa A., Grassano M., Beghi E., Pupillo E., Logroscino G., Nefussy B., Osmanovic A., Nordin A., Lerner Y., Zabari M., Gotkine M., Baloh R. H., Bell S., Vourc'h P., Corcia P., Couratier P., Millecamps S., Meininger V., Salachas F., Mora Pardina J. S., Assialioui A., Rojas-Garcia R., Dion P. A., Ross J. P., Ludolph A. C., Weishaupt J. H., Brenner D., Freischmidt A., Bensimon G., Brice A., Durr A., Payan C. A. M., Saker-Delye S., Wood N. W., Topp S., Rademakers R., Tittmann L., Lieb W., Franke A., Ripke S., Braun A., Kraft J., Whiteman D. C., Olsen C. M., Uitterlinden A. G., Hofman A., Rietschel M., Cichon S., Nothen M. M., Amouyel P., Traynor B. J., Singleton A. B., Mitne Neto M., Cauchi R. J., Ophoff R. A., Wiedau-Pazos M., Lomen-Hoerth C., van Deerlin V. M., Grosskreutz J., Roediger A., Gaur N., Jork A., Barthel T., Theele E., Ilse B., Stubendorff B., Witte O. W., Steinbach R., Hubner C. A., Graff C., Brylev L., Fominykh V., Demeshonok V., Ataulina A., Rogelj B., Koritnik B., Zidar J., Ravnik-Glavac M., Glavac D., Stevic Z., Drory V., Povedano M., Blair I. P., Kiernan M. C., Benyamin B., Henderson R. D., Furlong S., Mathers S., McCombe P. A., Needham M., Ngo S. T., Nicholson G. A., Pamphlett R., Rowe D. B., Steyn F. J., Williams K. L., Mather K. A., Sachdev P. S., Henders A. K., Wallace L., de Carvalho M., Pinto S., Petri S., Weber M., Rouleau G. A., Silani V., Curtis C. J., Breen G., Glass J. D., Brown R. H., Landers J. E., Shaw C. E., Andersen P. M., Groen E. J. N., van Es M. A., Pasterkamp R. J., Fan D., Garton F. C., McRae A. F., Davey Smith G., Gaunt T. R., Eberle M. A., Mill J., McLaughlin R. L., Hardiman O., Kenna K. P., Wray N. R., Tsai E., Runz H., Franke L., Al-Chalabi A., Van Damme P., van den Berg L. H., Veldink J. H., and Ferrarese C.
Abstract: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with a lifetime risk of one in 350 people and an unmet need for disease-modifying therapies. We conducted a cross-ancestry genome-wide association study (GWAS) including 29,612 patients with ALS and 122,656 controls, which identified 15 risk loci. When combined with 8,953 individuals with whole-genome sequencing (6,538 patients, 2,415 controls) and a large cortex-derived expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) dataset (MetaBrain), analyses revealed locus-specific genetic architectures in which we prioritized genes either through rare variants, short tandem repeats or regulatory effects. ALS-associated risk loci were shared with multiple traits within the neurodegenerative spectrum but with distinct enrichment patterns across brain regions and cell types. Of the environmental and lifestyle risk factors obtained from the literature, Mendelian randomization analyses indicated a causal role for high cholesterol levels. The combination of all ALS-associated signals reveals a role for perturbations in vesicle-mediated transport and autophagy and provides evidence for cell-autonomous disease initiation in glutamatergic neurons.
Published: 2021

24. Midazolam vs diazepam in prolonged seizures in children: A pharmacoeconomic approach

Author: Beghi, E., Capovilla, G., Franzoni, E., Minicucci, F., Romeo, A., Verrotti, A., Vigevano, F., and Perucca, E.
Published: 2018
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25. Validation of healthcare administrative data for the diagnosis of epilepsy

Author: Franchi, C, Giussani, G, Messina, P, Montesano, M, Romi, S, Nobili, A, Fortino, I, Bortolotti, A, Merlino, L, and Beghi, E
Published: 2013

26. International consensus recommendations for management of New Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus (NORSE) incl. Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES): Statements and Supporting Evidence

Author: Wickstrom, R., Taraschenko, O., Dilena, R., Payne, E. T., Specchio, N., Nabbout, R., Koh, S., Gaspard, N., Hirsch, L. J., Auvin, S., van Baalen, A., Beghi, E., Benseler, S. M., Bergin, P., Bleck, T., Brunklaus, A., Caraballo, R. H., Cervenka, M., Costello, D., Drislane, F., Farias-Moeller, R., Gallantine, W., Gilmore, E., Gofton, T., Jimenez, M. A. P., Hocker, S., Kaliakatsos, M., Kellogg, M., Lee, J. W., Loddenkemper, T., Meletti, S., Mizugushi, M., Muscal, E., Riviello, J. J., Rosenthal, E. S., Rossetti, A. O., Ruegg, S., Said, R., Sculier, C., Schmitt, S., Schuele, S., Stredny, C., Trinka, E., Wainwright, M., Vanhaerents, S., Wells, E., Wirrell, E., and Zuberi, S. M.
Subjects: status epilepticus, pediatric, Neurology, ketogenic diet, adult, refractory status epilepticus, epilepsy, antiseizure medication, immunotherapy, Neurology (clinical), Delphi
Abstract: To develop consensus-based recommendations for the management of adult and paediatric patients with NORSE/FIRES based on best evidence and experience.The Delphi methodology was followed. A facilitator group of 9 experts was established, who defined the scope, users and suggestions for recommendations. Following a review of the current literature, recommendation statements concerning diagnosis, treatment and research directions were generated which were then voted on a scale of 1 (strongly disagree) to 9 (strongly agree) by a panel of 48 experts in the field. Consensus that a statement was appropriate was reached if the median score was greater or equal to 7, and inappropriate if the median score was less than or equal to 3. The analysis of evidence was mapped to the results of each statement included in the Delphi survey.Overall, 85 recommendation statements achieved consensus. The recommendations are divided into five sections: 1) disease characteristics, 2) diagnostic testing and sampling, 3) acute treatment, 4) treatment in the post-acute phase, and 5) research, registries and future directions in NORSE/FIRES. The detailed results and discussion of all 85 statements are outlined herein. A corresponding summary of findings and practical flowsheets are presented in a companion article.This detailed analysis offers insight into the supporting evidence and the current gaps in the literature that are associated with expert consensus statements related to NORSE/FIRES. The recommendations generated by this consensus can be used as a guide for the diagnosis, evaluation, and management of patients with NORSE/FIRES, and for planning of future research.
Published: 2022

27. International consensus recommendations for management of New Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus (NORSE) including Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES): Summary and Clinical Tools

Author: Wickstrom, R., Taraschenko, O., Dilena, R., Payne, E. T., Specchio, N., Nabbout, R., Koh, S., Gaspard, N., Hirsch, L. J., Auvin, S., van Baalen, A., Beghi, E., Benseler, S. M., Bergin, P., Bleck, T., Brunklaus, A., Caraballo, R. H., Cervenka, M., Costello, D., Drislane, F., Farias-Moeller, R., Gallantine, W., Gilmore, E. J., Gofton, T., Jimenez, M. A. P., Hocker, S., Kaliakatsos, M., Kellogg, M., Lee, J. W., Loddenkemper, T., Meletti, S., Mizugushi, M., Muscal, E., Riviello, J. J., Rosenthal, E. S., Rossetti, A. O., Ruegg, S., Said, R., Sculier, C., Schmitt, S., Schuele, S., Stredny, C., Trinka, E., Wainwright, M., Vanhaerents, S., Wells, E., Wirrell, E., and Zuberi, S. M.
Subjects: refractory, status epilepticus, pediatric, Neurology, ketogenic diet, adult, anti-seizure medication, Delphi, epilepsy, immunotherapy, Neurology (clinical)
Abstract: To develop consensus-based recommendations for the management of adult and pediatric patients with NORSE/FIRES based on best available evidence and expert opinion.The Delphi methodology was followed. A facilitator group of 9 experts was established, who defined the scope, users and suggestions for recommendations. Following a review of the current literature, recommendation statements concerning diagnosis, treatment and research directions were generated which were then voted on a scale of 1 (strongly disagree) to 9 (strongly agree) by a panel of 48 experts in the field. Consensus that a statement was appropriate was reached if the median score was greater than or equal to 7, and inappropriate if the median score was less than or equal to 3.Overall, 85 recommendation statements achieved consensus. The recommendations are divided into five sections: 1) disease characteristics, 2) diagnostic testing and sampling, 3) acute treatment, 4) treatment in the post-acute phase, and 5) research, registries and future directions in NORSE/FIRES. These are summarized in this article along with two practical clinical flowsheets: one for diagnosis and evaluation and one for acute treatment. A corresponding evidence-based analysis of all 85 recommendations alongside responses by the Delphi panel is presented in a companion article.The recommendations generated by this consensus can be used as a guide for the diagnosis, evaluation, and management of patients with NORSE/FIRES, and for planning of future research.
Published: 2022

28. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: can a diagnosis be made in patients not fulfilling electrodiagnostic criteria?

Author: Liberatore, G., Manganelli, F., Doneddu, P. E., Cocito, D., Fazio, R., Briani, C., Filosto, M., Benedetti, L., Mazzeo, A., Antonini, G., Cosentino, G., Jann, S., Cortese, A., Marfia, G. A., Clerici, A. M., Siciliano, G., Carpo, M., Luigetti, M., Lauria, G., Rosso, T., Cavaletti, G., Santoro, L., Peci, E., Tronci, S., Ruiz, M., Cotti Piccinelli, S., Schenone, A., Leonardi, L., Toscano, A., Mataluni, G., Spina, E., Gentile, L., Nobile-Orazio, E., Gallia, F., Beronio, A., Piccolo, L., Fierro, B., Verrengia, E. P., Bianchi, E., Beghi, E., Scrascia, F., Garnero, M., Sabatelli, M., Dacci, P., Schirinzi, E., Balducci, C., Liberatore, G., Manganelli, F., Doneddu, P. E., Cocito, D., Fazio, R., Briani, C., Filosto, M., Benedetti, L., Mazzeo, A., Antonini, G., Cosentino, G., Jann, S., Cortese, A., Marfia, G. A., Clerici, A. M., Siciliano, G., Carpo, M., Luigetti, M., Lauria, G., Rosso, T., Cavaletti, G., Santoro, L., Peci, E., Tronci, S., Ruiz, M., Cotti-Piccinelli, S., Schenone, A., Leonardi, L., Toscano, A., Mataluni, G., Spina, E., Gentile, L., Nobile-Orazio, E., Gallia, F., Beronio, A., Piccolo, L., Fierro, B., Verrengia, E. P., Bianchi, E., Beghi, E., Scrascia, F., Garnero, M., Sabatelli, M., Dacci, P., Toni, G., Schirinzi, E., Balducci, C., Liberatore, G, Manganelli, F, Doneddu, P, Cocito, D, Fazio, R, Briani, C, Filosto, M, Benedetti, L, Mazzeo, A, Antonini, G, Cosentino, G, Jann, S, Cortese, A, Marfia, G, Clerici, A, Siciliano, G, Carpo, M, Luigetti, M, Lauria, G, Rosso, T, Cavaletti, G, Santoro, L, Peci, E, Tronci, S, Ruiz, M, Cotti Piccinelli, S, Schenone, A, Leonardi, L, Toscano, A, Mataluni, G, Spina, E, Gentile, L, Nobile-Orazio, E, Gallia, F, Beronio, A, Piccolo, L, Fierro, B, Verrengia, E, Bianchi, E, Beghi, E, Scrascia, F, Garnero, M, Sabatelli, M, Dacci, P, Schirinzi, E, and Balducci, C
Subjects: Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Response to therapy, Databases, Factual, Neural Conduction, Settore MED/26, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Peripheral nerve, Retrospective Studie, Medicine, Humans, Medical history, In patient, 030212 general & internal medicine, Peripheral Nerves, Retrospective Studies, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, business.industry, Polyradiculoneuropathy, Polyradiculopathy, medicine.disease, electrophysiology, Settore MED/26 - NEUROLOGIA, Neurology, Polyradiculoneuropathy, Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating, Clinical diagnosis, Peripheral Nerve, diagnostic criteria, National database, Neurology (clinical), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Human
Abstract: Background and purpose The aim was to identify the clinical and diagnostic investigations that may help to support a diagnosis of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) in patients not fulfilling the European Federation of Neurological Societies and Peripheral Nerve Society (EFNS/PNS) electrodiagnostic criteria. Methods The data from patients with a clinical diagnosis of CIDP included in a national database were retrospectively reviewed. Results In all, 535 patients with a diagnosis of CIDP were included. This diagnosis fulfilled the EFNS/PNS criteria in 468 patients (87.2%) (definite in 430, probable in 33, possible in three, while two had chronic immune sensory polyradiculopathy). Sixty-seven patients had a medical history and clinical signs compatible with CIDP but electrodiagnostic studies did not fulfill the EFNS/PNS criteria for CIDP. These patients had similar clinical features and frequency of abnormal supportive criteria for the diagnosis of CIDP compared to patients fulfilling EFNS/PNS criteria. Two or more abnormal supportive criteria were present in 40 (61.2%) patients rising to 54 (80.6%) if a history of a relapsing course as a possible supportive criterion was also included. Increased cerebrospinal fluid proteins and response to immune therapy most frequently helped in supporting the diagnosis of CIDP. Response to therapy was similarly frequent in patients fulfilling or not EFNS/PNS criteria (87.3% vs. 85.9%). Conclusions Patients with a clinical diagnosis of CIDP had similar clinical findings, frequency of abnormal supportive criteria and response to therapy compared to patients fulfilling EFNS/PNS criteria. The presence of abnormal supportive criteria may help in supporting the diagnosis of CIDP in patients with a medical history and clinical signs compatible with this diagnosis but non-diagnostic nerve conduction studies.
Published: 2021

29. Global, regional, and national progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 for neonatal and child health: all-cause and cause-specific mortality findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Paulson, K. R., Kamath, A. M., Alam, T., Bienhoff, K., Abady, G. G., Abbas, J., Abbasi-Kangevari, M., Abbastabar, H., Abd-Allah, F., Abd-Elsalam, S. M., Abdoli, A., Abedi, A., Abolhassani, H., Abreu, L. G., Abu-Gharbieh, E., Abu-Rmeileh, N. M. E., Abushouk, A. I., Adamu, A. L., Adebayo, O. M., Adegbosin, A. E., Adekanmbi, V., Adetokunboh, O. O., Adeyinka, D. A., Adsuar, J. C., Afshari, K., Aghaali, M., Agudelo-Botero, M., Ahinkorah, B. O., Ahmad, T., Ahmadi, K., Ahmed, M. B., Aji, B., Akalu, Y., Akinyemi, O. O., Aklilu, A., Al-Aly, Z., Alam, K., Alanezi, F. M., Alanzi, T. M., Alcalde-Rabanal, J. E., Al-Eyadhy, A., Ali, T., Alicandro, G., Alif, S. M., Alipour, V., Alizade, H., Aljunid, S. M., Almasi-Hashiani, A., Almasri, N. A., Al-Mekhlafi, H. M., Alonso, J., Al-Raddadi, R. M., Altirkawi, K. A., Alumran, A. K., Alvis-Guzman, N., Alvis-Zakzuk, N. J., Ameyaw, E. K., Amini, S., Amini-Rarani, M., Amit, A. M. L., Amugsi, D. A., Ancuceanu, R., Anderlini, D., Andrei, C. L., Ansari, F., Ansari-Moghaddam, A., Antonio, C. A. T., Antriyandarti, E., Anvari, D., Anwer, R., Aqeel, M., Arabloo, J., Arab-Zozani, M., Aripov, T., Arnlov, J., Artanti, K. D., Arzani, A., Asaad, M., Asadi-Aliabadi, M., Asadi-Pooya, Ali A, Jafarabadi, M. A., Athari, S. S., Athari, S. M., Atnafu, D. D., Atreya, A., Atteraya, M. S., Ausloos, M., Awan, A. T., Quintanilla, B. P. A., Ayano, G., Ayanore, M. A., Aynalem, Y. A., Azari, S., Azarian, G., Azene, Z. N., Darshan, BB, Babaee, E., Badiye, A. D., Baig, A. A., Banach, M., Banik, P. C., Barker-Collo, S. L., Barqawi, H. J., Bassat, Q., Basu, S., Baune, B.T., Bayati, M., Bedi, N., Beghi, E., Beghi, M., Bell, M. L., Bendak, S., Bennett, D. A., Bensenor, I. M., Berhe, K., Berman, A. E., Bezabih, Y. M., Bhagavathula, A. S., Bhandari, D., Bhardwaj, N., Bhardwaj, P., Bhattacharyya, K., Bhattarai, S., Bhutta, Z. A., Bikbov, B., Biondi, A., Birihane, B. M., Biswas, R. K., Bohlouli, S., Bragazzi, N. L., Breusov, A. V., Brunoni, A. R., Burkart, K., Nagaraja, S. B., Busse, R., Butt, Z. A., dos Santos, F. L. C., Cahuana-Hurtado, L., Camargos, P., Camera, L. A., Cardenas, R., Carreras, G., Carrero, J. J., Carvalho, F., Castaldelli-Maia, J. M., Castaneda-Orjuela, C. A., Castelpietra, G., Cerin, E., Chang, J-C., Chanie, W. F., Charan, J., Chatterjee, S., Chattu, S. K., Chattu, V. K., Chaturvedi, S., Chen, S., Cho, D. Y., Choi, J-Y. J., Chu, D-T., Ciobanu, L. G., Cirillo, M., Conde, J., Costa, V. M., Couto, R. A. S., Dachew, B. A., Dahlawi, S. M. A., Dai, H., Dai, X., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., Daneshpajouhnejad, P., Darmstadt, G. L., Das, J. K., Davila-Cervantes, C. A., Davis, A. C., Davletov, K., De la Hoz, F. P., De Leo, D., Deeba, F., Denova-Gutierrez, E., Dervenis, N., Desalew, A., Deuba, K., Dey, S., Dharmaratne, S. D., Dhingra, S., Dhungana, G. P., da Silva, D. D., Diaz, D., Dorostkar, F., Doshmangir, L., Dubljanin, E., Duraes, A. R., Eagan, A. W., Edinur, H. A., Efendi, F., Eftekharzadeh, S., El Sayed, I., El Tantawi, M., Elbarazi, I., Elgendy, I. Y., El-Jaafary, S. I., Emami, A., Enany, S., Eyawo, O., Ezzikouri, S., Faris, P. S., Farzadfar, F., Fattahi, N., Fauk, N. K., Fazlzadeh, M., Feigin, V. L., Ferede, T. Y., Fereshtehnejad, S-M., Fernandes, E., Ferrara, P., Filip, I., Fischer, F., Fisher, J. L., Foigt, N. A., Folayan, M. O., Foroutan, M., Franklin, R. C., Freitas, M., Friedman, S. D., Fukumoto, T., Gad, M. M., Gaidhane, A. M., Gaidhane, S., Gaihre, S., Gallus, S., Garcia-Basteiro, A. L., Garcia-Gordillo, M., Gardner, W. M., Fonseca, M. G., Gebremedhin, K. B., Getacher, L., Ghashghaee, A., Gholamian, A., Gilani, S.A., Gill, T. K., Giussani, G., Gnedovskaya, E. V., Godinho, M. A., Goel, A., Golechha, M., Gona, P. N., Gopalani, S. V., Goudarzi, H., Grivna, M., Gugnani, H. C., Guido, D., Guimaraes, R. A., Das Gupta, R., Gupta, R., Hafezi-Nejad, N., Haider, M. R., Haj-Mirzaian, A., Hamidi, S., Hanif, A., Hankey, G. J., Hargono, A., Hasaballah, A. I., Hasan, M. M., Hasan, S. S., Hassan, A., Hassanipour, S., Hassankhani, H., Havmoeller, R. J., Hayat, K., Heidari-Soureshjani, R., Henry, N. J., Herteliu, C., Hole, M. K., Holla, R., Hossain, N., Hosseini, M., Hosseinzadeh, M., Hostiuc, M., Hostiuc, S., Househ, M., Huang, J., Humayun, A., Hwang, B-F., Iavicoli, I., Ibitoye, S. E., Ikuta, K. S., Ilesanmi, O. St., Ilic, I.M., Ilic, M. D., Inamdar, S., Inbaraj, L. R., Iqbal, K., Iqbal, U., Islam, M. M., Islam, S. M. S., Iso, H., Iwagami, M., Iwu, C. C. D., Jaafari, J., Jacobsen, K. H., Jagnoor, J., Jain, V., Janodia, M. D., Javaheri, T., Javanmardi, F., Jayaram, S., Jayatilleke, A. U., Jenabi, E., Jha, R. P., Ji, J. S., John, O., Jonas, J. B., Joo, T., Joseph, N., Joukar, F., Jozwiak, J.J., Jurisson, M., Kabir, A., Kabir, Z., Kalankesh, L. R., Kamyari, N., Kanchan, T., Kapoor, N., Matin, B. K., Karch, A., Karimi, S. E., Kassahun, G., Kayode, G. A., Karyani, A. K., Kemmer, L., Khalid, N., Khalilov, R., Khammarnia, M., Khan, E. A., Khan, G., Khan, M., Khan, M. N., Khang, Y-H., Khatab, K., Khater, A. M., Khater, M. M., Khayamzadeh, M., Khosravi, A., Kim, D., Kim, Y-E., Kim, Y. J., Kimokoti, R. W., Kisa, A., Kisa, S., Kissoon, N., Kopec, J. A., Kosen, S., Koul, P. A., Laxminarayana, S. L. K., Koyanagi, A., Krishan, K., Krishnamoorthy, V., Defo, B. K., Bicer, B. K., Kulkarni, V., Kumar, G. A., Kumar, M., Kumar, N., Kurmi, O. P., Kusuma, D., La Vecchia, C., Lacey, B., Lalloo, R., Lami, F.H., Landires, I., Larsson, A. O., Lasrado, S., Lassi, Z. S., Lauriola, P., Lee, P. H., Lee, S. W. H., Lee, Y. H., Leigh, J., Leonardi, M., Lewycka, S., Li, B., Li, S., Liang, J., Lim, L-L., Limenih, M. A., Lin, R-T., Liu, X., Lodha, R., Lopez, A. D., Lozano, R., Lugo, A., Lunevicius, R., Mackay, M. T., Kunjathur, S. M., Magnani, F. G., Prasad, D. R. M., Maheri, M., Mahmoudi, M., Majeed, A., Maled, V., Maleki, A., Maleki, S., Malekzadeh, R., Malik, A. A., Malta, D. C., Mamun, A. A., Mansouri, B., Mansournia, M. A., Martinez, G., Martini, S., Martins-Melo, F. R., Masoumi, S. Z., Maulik, P. K., McAlinden, C., McGrath, J. J., Medina-Solis, C. E., Nasab, E. M., Mejia-Rodriguez, F., Memish, Z.A., Mendoza, W., Menezes, R. G., Mengesha, E. W., Mensah, G. A., Meretoja, A., Meretoja, T. J., Mersha, A. M., Mestrovic, T., Miazgowski, B., Miazgowski, T., Michalek, I. M., Miller, T.R., Mini, G. K., Miri, M., Mirica, A., Mirrakhimov, .E M., Mirzaei, H., Mirzaei, M., Moazen, B., Moghadaszadeh, M., Mohajer, B., Mohamad, O., Mohammad, Y., Mohammadi, S. M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A., Mohammed, S., Mokdad, A. H., Molokhia, M., Monasta, L., Mondello, S., Moni, M. A., Moore, C. E., Moradi, G., Moradi, M., Moradzadeh, R., Moraga, P., Morawska, L., Morrison, S. D., Mosser, J. F., Khaneghah, A. M., Mustafa, G., Naderi, M., Nagarajan, A. J., Nagaraju, S. P., Naghavi, M., Naghshtabrizi, B., Naimzada, M. D., Nangia, V., Swamy, S. N., Nascimento, B. R., Naveed, M., Nazari, J., Ndejjo, R., Negoi, I., Negoi, R. I., Nena, E., Nepal, S., Netsere, H. B., Nguefack-Tsague, G., Ngunjiri, J. W., Nguyen, C. T. Y., Nguyen, C. T., Nguyen, H. L. T., Nigatu, Y. T., Nigussie, S. N., Nixon, M. R., Nnaji, C. A., Nomura, S., Noor, N. M., Noubiap, J. J., Nunez-Samudio, V., Nwatah, V. E., Oancea, B., Odukoya, O. O., Ogbo, F. A., Olusanya, B. O., Olusanya, J. O., Bali, A. O., Onwujekwe, O. E., Ortiz, A., Otoiu, A., Otstavnov, N., Otstavnov, S. S., Owolabi, M. O., Mahesh, P. A., Padubidri, J. R., Pakhale, S., Pakshir, K., Pal, P. K., Palladino, R., Pana, A., Panda-Jonas, S., Pandey, A., Pandi-Perumal, S. R., Pangaribuan, H. U., Pardo-Montano, A. M., Park, E-K., Patel, S. K., Patton, G. C., Pawar, S., Toroudi, H. P., Peden, A. E., Pepito, V. C. F., Peprah, E. K., Pereira, J., Perez-Gomez, J., Perico, N., Pesudovs, K., Pilgrim, T., Pinheiro, M., Piradov, M. A., Pirsaheb, M., Platts-Mills, J. A., Pokhrel, K. N., Postma, M. J., Pourjafar, H., Prada, S. 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J., GBD 2019 Under-5 Mortality Collaborators, Paulson K.R., Kamath A.M., Alam T., Bienhoff K., Abady G.G., Abbas J., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Abbastabar H., Abd-Allah F., Abd-Elsalam S.M., Abdoli A., Abedi A., Abolhassani H., Abreu L.G., Abu-Gharbieh E., Abu-Rmeileh N.M., Abushouk A.I., Adamu A.L., Adebayo O.M., Adegbosin A.E., Adekanmbi V., Adetokunboh O.O., Adeyinka D.A., Adsuar J.C., Afshari K., Aghaali M., Agudelo-Botero M., Ahinkorah B.O., Ahmad T., Ahmadi K., Ahmed M.B., Aji B., Akalu Y., Akinyemi O.O., Aklilu A., Al-Aly Z., Alam K., Alanezi F.M., Alanzi T.M., Alcalde-Rabanal J.E., Al-Eyadhy A., Ali T., Alicandro G., Alif S.M., Alipour V., Alizade H., Aljunid S.M., Almasi-Hashiani A., Almasri N.A., Al-Mekhlafi H.M., Alonso J., Al-Raddadi R.M., Altirkawi K.A., Alumran A.K., Alvis-Guzman N., Alvis-Zakzuk N.J., Ameyaw E.K., Amini S., Amini-Rarani M., Amit A.M.L., Amugsi D.A., Ancuceanu R., Anderlini D., Andrei C.L., Ansari F., Ansari-Moghaddam A., Antonio C.A.T., Antriyandarti E., Anvari D., Anwer R., Aqeel M., Arabloo J., Arab-Zozani M., Aripov T., Arnlov J., Artanti K.D., Arzani A., Asaad M., Asadi-Aliabadi M., Asadi-Pooya A.A., Asghari Jafarabadi M., Athari S.S., Athari S.M., Atnafu D.D., Atreya A., Atteraya M.S., Ausloos M., Awan A.T., Ayala Quintanilla B.P., Ayano G., Ayanore M.A., Aynalem Y.A., Azari S., Azarian G., Azene Z.N., B D.B., Babaee E., Badiye A.D., Baig A.A., Banach M., Banik P.C., Barker-Collo S.L., Barqawi H.J., Bassat Q., Basu S., Baune B.T., Bayati M., Bedi N., Beghi E., Beghi M., Bell M.L., Bendak S., Bennett D.A., Bensenor I.M., Berhe K., Berman A.E., Bezabih Y.M., Bhagavathula A.S., Bhandari D., Bhardwaj N., Bhardwaj P., Bhattacharyya K., Bhattarai S., Bhutta Z.A., Bikbov B., Biondi A., Birihane B.M., Biswas R.K., Bohlouli S., Bragazzi N.L., Breusov A.V., Brunoni A.R., Burkart K., Burugina Nagaraja S., Busse R., Butt Z.A., Caetano dos Santos F.L., Cahuana-Hurtado L., Camargos P., Camera L.A., Cardenas R., Carreras G., Carrero J.J., 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Fischer F., Fisher J.L., Foigt N.A., Folayan M.O., Foroutan M., Franklin R.C., Freitas M., Friedman S.D., Fukumoto T., Gad M.M., Gaidhane A.M., Gaidhane S., Gaihre S., Gallus S., Garcia-Basteiro A.L., Garcia-Gordillo M.A., Gardner W.M., Gaspar Fonseca M., Gebremedhin K.B., Getacher L., Ghashghaee A., Gholamian A., Gilani S.A., Gill T.K., Giussani G., Gnedovskaya E.V., Godinho M.A., Goel A., Golechha M., Gona P.N., Gopalani S.V., Goudarzi H., Grivna M., Gugnani H.C., Guido D., Guimaraes R.A., Gupta R.D., Gupta R., Hafezi-Nejad N., Haider M.R., Haj-Mirzaian A., Hamidi S., Hanif A., Hankey G.J., Hargono A., Hasaballah A.I., Hasan M.M., Hasan S.S., Hassan A., Hassanipour S., Hassankhani H., Havmoeller R.J., Hayat K., Heidari-Soureshjani R., Henry N.J., Herteliu C., Hole M.K., Holla R., Hossain N., Hosseini M., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc M., Hostiuc S., Househ M., Huang J., Humayun A., Hwang B.-F., Iavicoli I., Ibitoye S.E., Ikuta K.S., Ilesanmi O.S., Ilic I.M., Ilic M.D., Inamdar S., Inbaraj L.R., Iqbal K., Iqbal U., Islam M.M., Islam S.M.S., Iso H., Iwagami M., Iwu C.C.D., Jaafari J., Jacobsen K.H., Jagnoor J., Jain V., Janodia M.D., Javaheri T., Javanmardi F., Jayaram S., Jayatilleke A.U., Jenabi E., Jha R.P., Ji J.S., John O., Jonas J.B., Joo T., Joseph N., Joukar F., Jozwiak J.J., Jurisson M., Kabir A., Kabir Z., Kalankesh L.R., Kamyari N., Kanchan T., Kapoor N., Karami Matin B., Karch A., Karimi S.E., Kassahun G., Kayode G.A., Kazemi Karyani A., Kemmer L., Khalid N., Khalilov R., Khammarnia M., Khan E.A., Khan G., Khan M., Khan M.N., Khang Y.-H., Khatab K., Khater A.M., Khater M.M., Khayamzadeh M., Khosravi A., Kim D., Kim Y.-E., Kim Y.J., Kimokoti R.W., Kisa A., Kisa S., Kissoon N., Kopec J.A., Kosen S., Koul P.A., Koulmane Laxminarayana S.L., Koyanagi A., Krishan K., Krishnamoorthy V., Kuate Defo B., Kucuk Bicer B., Kulkarni V., Kumar G.A., Kumar M., Kumar N., Kurmi O.P., Kusuma D., La Vecchia C., Lacey B., Lalloo R., Lami F.H., Landires I., Larsson A.O., Lasrado S., Lassi Z.S., Lauriola P., Lee P.H., Lee S.W.H., Lee Y.H., Leigh J., Leonardi M., Lewycka S., Li B., Li S., Liang J., Lim L.-L., Limenih M.A., Lin R.-T., Liu X., Lodha R., Lopez A.D., Lozano R., Lugo A., Lunevicius R., Mackay M.T., Madhava Kunjathur S., Magnani F.G., Mahadeshwara Prasad D.R., Maheri M., Mahmoudi M., Majeed A., Maled V., Maleki A., Maleki S., Malekzadeh R., Malik A.A., Malta D.C., Mamun A.A., Mansouri B., Mansournia M.A., Martinez G., Martini S., Martins-Melo F.R., Masoumi S.Z., Maulik P.K., McAlinden C., McGrath J.J., Medina-Solis C.E., Mehrabi Nasab E., Mejia-Rodriguez F., Memish Z.A., Mendoza W., Menezes R.G., Mengesha E.W., Mensah G.A., Meretoja A., Meretoja T.J., Mersha A.M., Mestrovic T., Miazgowski B., Miazgowski T., Michalek I.M., Miller T.R., Mini G.K., Miri M., Mirica A., Mirrakhimov E.M., Mirzaei H., Mirzaei M., Moazen B., Moghadaszadeh M., Mohajer B., Mohamad O., Mohammad Y., Mohammadi S.M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammed S., Mokdad A.H., Molokhia M., 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A., Kazemi Karyani, A., Kemmer, L., Khalid, N., Khalilov, R., Khammarnia, M., Khan, E. A., Khan, G., Khan, M., Khan, M. N., Khang, Y. -H., Khatab, K., Khater, A. M., Khater, M. M., Khayamzadeh, M., Khosravi, A., Kim, D., Kim, Y. -E., Kim, Y. J., Kimokoti, R. W., Kisa, A., Kisa, S., Kissoon, N., Kopec, J. A., Kosen, S., Koul, P. A., Koulmane Laxminarayana, S. L., Koyanagi, A., Krishan, K., Krishnamoorthy, V., Kuate Defo, B., Kucuk Bicer, B., Kulkarni, V., Kumar, G. A., Kumar, M., Kumar, N., Kurmi, O. P., Kusuma, D., La Vecchia, C., Lacey, B., Lalloo, R., Lami, F. H., Landires, I., Larsson, A. O., Lasrado, S., Lassi, Z. S., Lauriola, P., Lee, P. H., Lee, S. W. H., Lee, Y. H., Leigh, J., Leonardi, M., Lewycka, S., Li, B., Li, S., Liang, J., Lim, L. -L., Limenih, M. A., Lin, R. -T., Liu, X., Lodha, R., Lopez, A. D., Lozano, R., Lugo, A., Lunevicius, R., Mackay, M. T., Madhava Kunjathur, S., Magnani, F. G., Mahadeshwara Prasad, D. 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Yonemoto, N, Yoon, S, Younis, M, Yousefi, Z, Yousefinezhadi, T, Yu, C, Yusuf, S, Zaidi, S, Zaman, S, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zastrozhin, M, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z, Zhao, X, Ziapour, A, Hay, S, Murray, C, Wang, H, Kassebaum, N, and Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (LKCMedicine)
Subjects: Male, Perinatal care, Newborn care, STILLBIRTHS, RJ101, UNDER-5 MORTALITY, Psychological intervention, 010501 environmental sciences, Infant mortality, Global Health, 01 natural sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, RA0421, Cause of Death, Infant Mortality, Global health, Life Tables, Healthcare improvements, 030212 general & internal medicine, 610 Medicine & health, Child, COVID-19, Humans, Infant, SARS-CoV-2, Sustainable Development, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Cause of death, Life Table, Mortality rate, 1. No poverty, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, General Medicine, Articles, Hälsovetenskaper, Mortality analyses, 3. Good health, Child, Preschool, SDG 1 - No Poverty, Child Mortality, Female, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Human, Child mortality, COUNTRIES, DEATHS, Infants -- Mortalitat, GBD, 03 medical and health sciences, Medicine, General & Internal, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Life tables, under-5 mortality rate, General & Internal Medicine, Health Sciences, Neonatal deaths, medicine, SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, Medicine [Science], Infants -- Salut, Preschool, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Science & Technology, Infants nadons -- Salut, business.industry, Infants nadons -- Mortalitat, INFORM, Infant, Newborn, Neonatal and child health, Sustainable Development Goal 3.2, GBD 2019 Under-5 Mortality Collaborators, medicine.disease, Newborn, TRENDS, Sustainable Development Goal, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Deaths, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, RG, business, Systematic Analysis, Malaria, Demography
Abstract: Background: Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 has targeted elimination of preventable child mortality, reduction of neonatal death to less than 12 per 1000 livebirths, and reduction of death of children younger than 5 years to less than 25 per 1000 livebirths, for each country by 2030. To understand current rates, recent trends, and potential trajectories of child mortality for the next decade, we present the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 findings for all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality in children younger than 5 years of age, with multiple scenarios for child mortality in 2030 that include the consideration of potential effects of COVID-19, and a novel framework for quantifying optimal child survival. Methods: We completed all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality analyses from 204 countries and territories for detailed age groups separately, with aggregated mortality probabilities per 1000 livebirths computed for neonatal mortality rate (NMR) and under-5 mortality rate (U5MR). Scenarios for 2030 represent different potential trajectories, notably including potential effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the potential impact of improvements preferentially targeting neonatal survival. Optimal child survival metrics were developed by age, sex, and cause of death across all GBD location-years. The first metric is a global optimum and is based on the lowest observed mortality, and the second is a survival potential frontier that is based on stochastic frontier analysis of observed mortality and Healthcare Access and Quality Index. Findings: Global U5MR decreased from 71·2 deaths per 1000 livebirths (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 68·3-74·0) in 2000 to 37·1 (33·2-41·7) in 2019 while global NMR correspondingly declined more slowly from 28·0 deaths per 1000 live births (26·8-29·5) in 2000 to 17·9 (16·3-19·8) in 2019. In 2019, 136 (67%) of 204 countries had a U5MR at or below the SDG 3.2 threshold and 133 (65%) had an NMR at or below the SDG 3.2 threshold, and the reference scenario suggests that by 2030, 154 (75%) of all countries could meet the U5MR targets, and 139 (68%) could meet the NMR targets. Deaths of children younger than 5 years totalled 9·65 million (95% UI 9·05-10·30) in 2000 and 5·05 million (4·27-6·02) in 2019, with the neonatal fraction of these deaths increasing from 39% (3·76 million [95% UI 3·53-4·02]) in 2000 to 48% (2·42 million; 2·06-2·86) in 2019. NMR and U5MR were generally higher in males than in females, although there was no statistically significant difference at the global level. Neonatal disorders remained the leading cause of death in children younger than 5 years in 2019, followed by lower respiratory infections, diarrhoeal diseases, congenital birth defects, and malaria. The global optimum analysis suggests NMR could be reduced to as low as 0·80 (95% UI 0·71-0·86) deaths per 1000 livebirths and U5MR to 1·44 (95% UI 1·27-1·58) deaths per 1000 livebirths, and in 2019, there were as many as 1·87 million (95% UI 1·35-2·58; 37% [95% UI 32-43]) of 5·05 million more deaths of children younger than 5 years than the survival potential frontier. Interpretation: Global child mortality declined by almost half between 2000 and 2019, but progress remains slower in neonates and 65 (32%) of 204 countries, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia, are not on track to meet either SDG 3.2 target by 2030. Focused improvements in perinatal and newborn care, continued and expanded delivery of essential interventions such as vaccination and infection prevention, an enhanced focus on equity, continued focus on poverty reduction and education, and investment in strengthening health systems across the development spectrum have the potential to substantially improve U5MR. Given the widespread effects of COVID-19, considerable effort will be required to maintain and accelerate progress. This article was supported by the European Research Council, ERC 848325. Alberto Ortiz was supported by FIS/Fondos FEDER (PI18/01366, PI19/00588, PI19/00815, DTS18/00032, ERA-PerMed-JTC2018 (KIDNEY ATTACK AC18/00064 and PERSTIGAN AC18/00071, ISCIII-RETIC REDinREN RD016/0009). Daniela Ribeiro acknowledges the financial support from the European Union [FEDER funds through COMPETE, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029253). Joan B Soriano acknowledges support from the Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Published: 2021

30. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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B., Remuzzi G., Renjith V., Renzaho A. M. N., Resnikoff S., Rezaei N., Rezai M. S., Rezapour A., Rhinehart P. -A., Riahi S. M., Ribeiro A. L. P., Ribeiro D. C., Ribeiro D., Rickard J., Roberts N. L. S., Roberts S., Robinson S. R., Roever L., Rolfe S., Ronfani L., Roshandel G., Roth G. A., Rubagotti E., Rumisha S. F., Sabour S., Sachdev P. S., Saddik B., Sadeghi E., Sadeghi M., Saeidi S., Safi S., Safiri S., Sagar R., Sahebkar A., Sahraian M. A., Sajadi S. M., Salahshoor M. R., Salamati P., Salehi Zahabi S., Salem H., Salem M. R. R., Salimzadeh H., Salomon J. A., Salz I., Samad Z., Samy A. M., Sanabria J., Santomauro D. F., Santos I. S., Santos J. V., Santric-Milicevic M. M., Saraswathy S. Y. I., Sarmiento-Suarez R., Sarrafzadegan N., Sartorius B., Sarveazad A., Sathian B., Sathish T., Sattin D., Sbarra A. N., Schaeffer L. E., Schiavolin S., Schmidt M. I., Schutte A. E., Schwebel D. C., Schwendicke F., Senbeta A. M., Senthilkumaran S., Sepanlou S. G., Shackelford K. 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G., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Yoon S. -J., Yoosefi Lebni J., Younis M. Z., Younker T. P., Yousefi Z., Yousefifard M., Yousefinezhadi T., Yousuf A. Y., Yu C., Yusefzadeh H., Zahirian Moghadam T., Zaki L., Zaman S. B., Zamani M., Zamanian M., Zandian H., Zangeneh A., Zastrozhin M. S., Zewdie K. A., Zhang Y., Zhang Z. -J., Zhao J. T., Zhao Y., Zheng P., Zhou M., Ziapour A., Zimsen S. R. M., Naghavi M., and Murray C. J. L.
Abstract: Background: In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods: GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw value
Published: 2020

31. Five insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Murray, C, Abbafati, C, Abbas, K, Abbasi, M, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abd-Allah, F, Abdollahi, M, Abedi, P, Abedi, A, Abolhassani, H, Aboyans, V, Abreu, L, Abrigo, M, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abu Haimed, A, Abushouk, A, Acebedo, A, Ackerman, I, Adabi, M, Adamu, A, Adebayo, O, Adelson, J, Adetokunboh, O, Afarideh, M, Afshin, A, Agarwal, G, Agrawal, A, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, K, Ahmadi, M, Ahmed, M, Aji, B, Akinyemiju, T, Akombi, B, Alahdab, F, Alam, K, Alanezi, F, Alanzi, T, Albertson, S, Alemu, B, Alemu, Y, Alhabib, K, Ali, M, Ali, S, Alicandro, G, Alipour, V, Alizade, H, Aljunid, S, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Almadi, M, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Al-Mekhlafi, H, Almulhim, A, Alonso, J, Al-Raddadi, R, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, B, Amare, A, Amini, S, Amit, A, Amugsi, D, Anbesu, E, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Anderson, J, Andrei, T, Andrei, C, Anjomshoa, M, Ansari, F, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Antonio, C, Antony, C, Anvari, D, Appiah, S, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Aravkin, A, Arba, A, Aripov, T, 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Abstract: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a rules-based synthesis of the available evidence on levels and trends in health outcomes, a diverse set of risk factors, and health system responses. GBD 2019 covered 204 countries and territories, as well as first administrative level disaggregations for 22 countries, from 1990 to 2019. Because GBD is highly standardised and comprehensive, spanning both fatal and non-fatal outcomes, and uses a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of hierarchical disease and injury causes, the study provides a powerful basis for detailed and broad insights on global health trends and emerging challenges. GBD 2019 incorporates data from 281 586 sources and provides more than 3·5 billion estimates of health outcome and health system measures of interest for global, national, and subnational policy dialogue. All GBD estimates are publicly available and adhere to the Guidelines on Accurate and Transparent Health Estimate Reporting. From this vast amount of information, five key insights that are important for health, social, and economic development strategies have been distilled. These insights are subject to the many limitations outlined in each of the component GBD capstone papers.
Published: 2020

32. Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Abbafati, C, Abbas, K, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abd-Allah, F, Abdelalim, A, Abdollahi, M, Abdollahpour, I, Abegaz, K, Abolhassani, H, Aboyans, V, Abreu, L, Abrigo, M, Abualhasan, A, Abu-Raddad, L, Abushouk, A, Adabi, M, Adekanmbi, V, Adeoye, A, Adetokunboh, O, Adham, D, Advani, S, Afshin, A, Agarwal, G, Aghamir, S, Agrawal, A, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, K, Ahmadi, M, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmed, M, Akalu, T, Akinyemi, R, Akinyemiju, T, Akombi, B, Akunna, C, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, S, Alam, T, Alanezi, F, Alanzi, T, Alemu, B, Alhabib, K, Ali, M, Ali, S, Alicandro, G, Alinia, C, Alipour, V, Alizade, H, Aljunid, S, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Al-Mekhlafi, H, Alonso, J, Altirkawi, K, Amini-Rarani, M, Amiri, F, Amugsi, D, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Anderson, J, Andrei, C, Andrei, T, Angus, C, Anjomshoa, M, Ansari, F, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Antonazzo, I, Antonio, C, Antony, C, Antriyandarti, E, Anvari, D, Anwer, R, Appiah, S, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Aravkin, A, Ariani, F, 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E., Leigh J., Leonardi M., Lescinsky H., Leung J., Levi M., Li S., Lim L. -L., Linn S., Liu S., Liu Y., Lo J., Lopez A. D., Lopez J. C. F., Lopukhov P. D., Lorkowski S., Lotufo P. A., Lu A., Lugo A., Maddison E. R., Mahasha P. W., Mahdavi M. M., Mahmoudi M., Majeed A., Maleki A., Maleki S., Malekzadeh R., Malta D. C., Mamun A. A., Manda A. L., Manguerra H., Mansour-Ghanaei F., Mansouri B., Mansournia M. A., Mantilla Herrera A. M., Maravilla J. C., Marks A., Martin R. V., Martini S., Martins-Melo F. R., Masaka A., Masoumi S. Z., Mathur M. R., Matsushita K., Maulik P. K., McAlinden C., McGrath J. J., McKee M., Mehndiratta M. M., Mehri F., Mehta K. M., Memish Z. A., Mendoza W., Menezes R. G., Mengesha E. W., Mereke A., Mereta S. T., Meretoja A., Meretoja T. J., Mestrovic T., Miazgowski B., Miazgowski T., Michalek I. M., Miller T. R., Mills E. J., Mini G. K., Miri M., Mirica A., Mirrakhimov E. M., Mirzaei H., Mirzaei M., Mirzaei R., Mirzaei-Alavijeh M., Misganaw A. T., Mithra P., Moazen B., Mohammad D. K., Mohammad Y., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammadifard N., Mohammadpourhodki R., Mohammed A. S., Mohammed H., Mohammed J. A., Mohammed S., Mokdad A. H., Molokhia M., Monasta L., Mooney M. D., Moradi G., Moradi M., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Morawska L., Morgado-Da-Costa J., Morrison S. D., Mosapour A., Mosser J. F., Mouodi S., Mousavi S. M., Khaneghah A. M., Mueller U. O., Mukhopadhyay S., Mullany E. C., Musa K. I., Muthupandian S., Nabhan A. F., Naderi M., Nagarajan A. J., Nagel G., Naghavi M., Naghshtabrizi B., Naimzada M. D., Najafi F., Nangia V., Nansseu J. R., Naserbakht M., Nayak V. C., Negoi I., Ngunjiri J. W., Nguyen C. T., Nguyen H. L. T., Nguyen M., Nigatu Y. T., Nikbakhsh R., Nixon M. R., Nnaji C. A., Nomura S., Norrving B., Noubiap J. J., Nowak C., Nunez-Samudio V., Oancea B., Odell C. M., Ogbo F. A., Oh I. -H., Okunga E. W., Oladnabi M., Olagunju A. T., Olusanya B. O., Olusanya J. O., Omer M. O., Ong K. L., Onwujekwe O. E., Orpana H. M., Ortiz A., Osarenotor O., Osei F. B., Ostroff S. M., Otoiu A., Otstavnov N., Otstavnov S. S., Overland S., Owolabi M. O., Mahesh P. A., Padubidri J. R., Palladino R., Panda-Jonas S., Pandey A., Parry C. D. H., Pasovic M., Pasupula D. K., Patel S. K., Pathak M., Patten S. B., Patton G. C., Toroudi H. P., Peden A. E., Pennini A., Pepito V. C. F., Peprah E. K., Pereira D. M., Pesudovs K., Pham H. Q., Phillips M. R., Piccinelli C., Pilz T. M., Piradov M. A., Pirsaheb M., Plass D., Polinder S., Polkinghorne K. R., Pond C. D., Postma M. J., Pourjafar H., Pourmalek F., Poznanska A., Prada S. I., Prakash V., Pribadi D. R. A., Pupillo E., Syed Z. Q., Rabiee M., Rabiee N., Radfar A., Rafiee A., Raggi A., Rahman M. A., Rajabpour-Sanati A., Rajati F., Rakovac I., Ram P., Ramezanzadeh K., Ranabhat C. L., Rao P. C., Rao S. J., Rashedi V., Rathi P., Rawaf D. L., Rawaf S., Rawal L., Rawassizadeh R., Rawat R., Razo C., Redford S. B., Reiner R. C., Reitsma M. B., Remuzzi G., Renjith V., Renzaho A. M. N., Resnikoff S., Rezaei N., Rezapour A., Rhinehart P. -A., Riahi S. M., Ribeiro D. C., Ribeiro D., Rickard J., Rivera J. A., Roberts N. L. S., Rodriguez-Ramirez S., Roever L., Ronfani L., Room R., Roshandel G., Roth G. A., Rothenbacher D., Rubagotti E., Rwegerera G. M., Sabour S., Sachdev P. S., Saddik B., Sadeghi E., Sadeghi M., Saeedi R., Saeedi Moghaddam S., Safari Y., Safi S., Safiri S., Sagar R., Sahebkar A., Sajadi S. M., Salam N., Salamati P., Salem H., Salem M. R., Salimzadeh H., Salman O. M., Salomon J. A., Samad Z., Samadi Kafil H., Sambala E. Z., Samy A. M., Sanabria J., Sanchez-Pimienta T. G., Santomauro D. F., Santos I. S., Santos J. V., Santric-Milicevic M. M., Saraswathy S. Y. I., Sarmiento-Suarez R., Sarrafzadegan N., Sartorius B., Sarveazad A., Sathian B., Sathish T., Sattin D., Saxena S., Schaeffer L. E., Schiavolin S., Schlaich M. P., Schmidt M. I., Schutte A. E., Schwebel D. C., Schwendicke F., Senbeta A. M., Senthilkumaran S., Sepanlou S. G., Serdar B., Serre M. L., Shadid J., Shafaat O., Shahabi S., Shaheen A. A., Shaikh M. A., Shalash A. S., Shams-Beyranvand M., Shamsizadeh M., Sharafi K., Sheikh A., Sheikhtaheri A., Shibuya K., Shield K. D., Shigematsu M., Shin J. I., Shin M. -J., Shiri R., Shirkoohi R., Shuval K., Siabani S., Sierpinski R., Sigfusdottir I. D., Sigurvinsdottir R., Silva J. P., Simpson K. E., Singh J. A., Singh P., Skiadaresi E., Skou S. T., Skryabin V. Y., Smith E. U. R., Soheili A., Soltani S., Soofi M., Sorensen R. J. D., Soriano J. B., Sorrie M. B., Soshnikov S., Soyiri I. N., Spencer C. N., Spotin A., Sreeramareddy C. T., Srinivasan V., Stanaway J. D., Stein C., Stein D. J., Steiner C., Stockfelt L., Stokes M. A., Straif K., Stubbs J. L., Sufiyan M. B., Suleria H. A. R., Suliankatchi Abdulkader R., Sulo G., Sultan I., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tabb K. M., Tabuchi T., Taherkhani A., Tajdini M., Takahashi K., Takala J. S., Tamiru A. T., Taveira N., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Temsah M. -H., Tesema G. A., Tessema Z. T., Thurston G. D., Titova M. V., Tohidinik H. R., Tonelli M., Topor-Madry R., Topouzis F., Torre A. E., Touvier M., Tovani-Palone M. R., Tran B. X., Travillian R., Tsatsakis A., Tudor Car L. T., Tyrovolas S., Uddin R., Umeokonkwo C. D., Unnikrishnan B., Upadhyay E., Vacante M., Valdez P. R., van Donkelaar A., Vasankari T. J., Vasseghian Y., Veisani Y., Venketasubramanian N., Violante F. S., Vlassov V., Vollset S. E., Vos T., Vukovic R., Waheed Y., Wallin M. T., Wang Y., Wang Y. -P., Watson A., Wei J., Wei M. Y. W., Weintraub R. G., Weiss J., Werdecker A., West J. J., Westerman R., Whisnant J. L., Whiteford H. A., Wiens K. E., Wolfe C. D. A., Wozniak S. S., Wu A. -M., Wu J., Wulf Hanson S., Xu G., Xu R., Yadgir S., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S. H., Yamagishi K., Yaminfirooz M., Yano Y., Yaya S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yeheyis T. Y., Yilgwan C. S., Yilma M. T., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Younis M. Z., Younker T. P., Yousefi B., Yousefi Z., Yousefinezhadi T., Yousuf A. Y., Yu C., Yusefzadeh H., Moghadam T. Z., Zamani M., Zamanian M., Zandian H., Zastrozhin M. S., Zhang Y., Zhang Z. -J., Zhao J. T., Zhao X. -J. G., Zhao Y., Zheng P., Zhou M., Ziapour A., Zimsen S. R. M., Lim S. S., and Murray C. J. L.
Abstract: Background: Rigorous analysis of levels and trends in exposure to leading risk factors and quantification of their effect on human health are important to identify where public health is making progress and in which cases current efforts are inadequate. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a standardised and comprehensive assessment of the magnitude of risk factor exposure, relative risk, and attributable burden of disease. Methods: GBD 2019 estimated attributable mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years of life lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 87 risk factors and combinations of risk factors, at the global level, regionally, and for 204 countries and territories. GBD uses a hierarchical list of risk factors so that specific risk factors (eg, sodium intake), and related aggregates (eg, diet quality), are both evaluated. This method has six analytical steps. (1) We included 560 risk–outcome pairs that met criteria for convincing or probable evidence on the basis of research studies. 12 risk–outcome pairs included in GBD 2017 no longer met inclusion criteria and 47 risk–outcome pairs for risks already included in GBD 2017 were added based on new evidence. (2) Relative risks were estimated as a function of exposure based on published systematic reviews, 81 systematic reviews done for GBD 2019, and meta-regression. (3) Levels of exposure in each age-sex-location-year included in the study were estimated based on all available data sources using spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression method, or alternative methods. (4) We determined, from published trials or cohort studies, the level of exposure associated with minimum risk, called the theoretical minimum risk exposure level. (5) Attributable deaths, YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs were computed by multiplying population attributable fractions (PAFs) by the relevant outcome quantity for each
Published: 2020

33. Frequency of diabetes and other comorbidities in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy and their impact on clinical presentation and response to therapy

Author: Doneddu, P, Cocito, D, Manganelli, F, Fazio, R, Briani, C, Filosto, M, Benedetti, L, Bianchi, E, Jann, S, Mazzeo, A, Antonini, G, Cosentino, G, Marfia, G, Cortese, A, Clerici, A, Carpo, M, Schenone, A, Siciliano, G, Luigetti, M, Lauria, G, Rosso, T, Cavaletti, G, Beghi, E, Liberatore, G, Santoro, L, Spina, E, Peci, E, Tronci, S, Ruiz, M, Cotti Piccinelli, S, Verrengia, E, Gentile, L, Leonardi, L, Mataluni, G, Piccolo, L, Nobile-Orazio, E, Doneddu P. E., Cocito D., Manganelli F., Fazio R., Briani C., Filosto M., Benedetti L., Bianchi E., Jann S., Mazzeo A., Antonini G., Cosentino G., Marfia G. A., Cortese A., Clerici A. M., Carpo M., Schenone A., Siciliano G., Luigetti M., Lauria G., Rosso T., Cavaletti G., Beghi E., Liberatore G., Santoro L., Spina E., Peci E., Tronci S., Ruiz M., Cotti Piccinelli S., Verrengia E. P., Gentile L., Leonardi L., Mataluni G., Piccolo L., Nobile-Orazio E., Doneddu, P, Cocito, D, Manganelli, F, Fazio, R, Briani, C, Filosto, M, Benedetti, L, Bianchi, E, Jann, S, Mazzeo, A, Antonini, G, Cosentino, G, Marfia, G, Cortese, A, Clerici, A, Carpo, M, Schenone, A, Siciliano, G, Luigetti, M, Lauria, G, Rosso, T, Cavaletti, G, Beghi, E, Liberatore, G, Santoro, L, Spina, E, Peci, E, Tronci, S, Ruiz, M, Cotti Piccinelli, S, Verrengia, E, Gentile, L, Leonardi, L, Mataluni, G, Piccolo, L, Nobile-Orazio, E, Doneddu P. E., Cocito D., Manganelli F., Fazio R., Briani C., Filosto M., Benedetti L., Bianchi E., Jann S., Mazzeo A., Antonini G., Cosentino G., Marfia G. A., Cortese A., Clerici A. M., Carpo M., Schenone A., Siciliano G., Luigetti M., Lauria G., Rosso T., Cavaletti G., Beghi E., Liberatore G., Santoro L., Spina E., Peci E., Tronci S., Ruiz M., Cotti Piccinelli S., Verrengia E. P., Gentile L., Leonardi L., Mataluni G., Piccolo L., and Nobile-Orazio E.
Abstract: Objectives To determine the prevalence of different comorbidities in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP), and their impact on outcome, treatment choice and response. Methods Using a structured questionnaire, we collected information on comorbidities from 393 patients with CIDP fulfilling the European Federation of Neurological Societies and Peripheral Nerve Society criteria included in the Italian CIDP database. Results One or more comorbidities were reported by 294 patients (75%) and potentially influenced treatment choice in 192 (49%) leading to a less frequent use of corticosteroids. Response to treatment did not differ, however, from that in patients without comorbidities. Diabetes (14%), monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) (12%) and other immune disorders (16%) were significantly more frequent in patients with CIDP than expected in the general European population. Patients with diabetes had higher disability scores, worse quality of life and a less frequent treatment response compared with patients without diabetes. Patients with IgG-IgA or IgM MGUS had an older age at CIDP onset while patients with other immune disorders had a younger age at onset and were more frequently females. IgM MGUS was more frequent in patients with motor CIDP than in patients with typical CIDP. Conclusions Comorbidities are frequent in patients with CIDP and in almost 50% of them have an impact on treatment choice. Diabetes, MGUS and other immune diseases are more frequent in patients with CIDP than in the general population. Only diabetes seems, however, to have an impact on disease severity and treatment response possibly reflecting in some patients a coexisting diabetic neuropathy.
Published: 2020

34. Impact of environmental factors and physical activity on disability and quality of life in CIDP

Author: Doneddu, P, Bianchi, E, Cocito, D, Manganelli, F, Fazio, R, Filosto, M, Beghi, E, Mazzeo, A, Cosentino, G, Cortese, A, Jann, S, Clerici, A, Antonini, G, Siciliano, G, Marfia, G, Briani, C, Lauria, G, Rosso, T, Cavaletti, G, Carpo, M, Benedetti, L, Schenone, A, Liberatore, G, Peci, E, Spina, E, Tronci, S, Cotti Piccinelli, S, Toscano, A, Gentile, L, Piccolo, L, Leonardi, L, Mataluni, G, Ruiz, M, Sabatelli, M, Santoro, L, Nobile-Orazio, E, Gallia, F, Velardo, D, Topa, A, Cotti-Piccinelli, S, Todeschini, A, Cabona, C, Zuppa, A, Callegari, I, Verrengia, E, Scrascia, F, Garnero, M, Luigetti, M, Dacci, P, Schirinzi, E, Balducci, C, Doneddu P. E., Bianchi E., Cocito D., Manganelli F., Fazio R., Filosto M., Beghi E., Mazzeo A., Cosentino G., Cortese A., Jann S., Clerici A. M., Antonini G., Siciliano G., Marfia G. A., Briani C., Lauria G., Rosso T., Cavaletti G., Carpo M., Benedetti L., Schenone A., Liberatore G., Peci E., Spina E., Tronci S., Cotti Piccinelli S., Toscano A., Gentile L., Piccolo L., Leonardi L., Mataluni G., Ruiz M., Sabatelli M., Santoro L., Nobile-Orazio E., Gallia F., Velardo D., Topa A., Cotti-Piccinelli S., Todeschini A., Cabona C., Zuppa A., Callegari I., Verrengia E. P., Scrascia F., Garnero M., Luigetti M., Dacci P., Schirinzi E., Balducci C., Doneddu, P, Bianchi, E, Cocito, D, Manganelli, F, Fazio, R, Filosto, M, Beghi, E, Mazzeo, A, Cosentino, G, Cortese, A, Jann, S, Clerici, A, Antonini, G, Siciliano, G, Marfia, G, Briani, C, Lauria, G, Rosso, T, Cavaletti, G, Carpo, M, Benedetti, L, Schenone, A, Liberatore, G, Peci, E, Spina, E, Tronci, S, Cotti Piccinelli, S, Toscano, A, Gentile, L, Piccolo, L, Leonardi, L, Mataluni, G, Ruiz, M, Sabatelli, M, Santoro, L, Nobile-Orazio, E, Gallia, F, Velardo, D, Topa, A, Cotti-Piccinelli, S, Todeschini, A, Cabona, C, Zuppa, A, Callegari, I, Verrengia, E, Scrascia, F, Garnero, M, Luigetti, M, Dacci, P, Schirinzi, E, Balducci, C, Doneddu P. E., Bianchi E., Cocito D., Manganelli F., Fazio R., Filosto M., Beghi E., Mazzeo A., Cosentino G., Cortese A., Jann S., Clerici A. M., Antonini G., Siciliano G., Marfia G. A., Briani C., Lauria G., Rosso T., Cavaletti G., Carpo M., Benedetti L., Schenone A., Liberatore G., Peci E., Spina E., Tronci S., Cotti Piccinelli S., Toscano A., Gentile L., Piccolo L., Leonardi L., Mataluni G., Ruiz M., Sabatelli M., Santoro L., Nobile-Orazio E., Gallia F., Velardo D., Topa A., Cotti-Piccinelli S., Todeschini A., Cabona C., Zuppa A., Callegari I., Verrengia E. P., Scrascia F., Garnero M., Luigetti M., Dacci P., Schirinzi E., and Balducci C.
Abstract: A few observational studies and randomized trials suggest that exercise and rehabilitation may improve activity limitation and quality of life (QoL) in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP), but the impact of other modifiable factors on the severity of the disease is not well understood. Using a structured questionnaire, we collected data on lifestyle and dietary habits of the patients included in the Italian CIDP database to investigate the possible influence of modifiable lifestyle factors on disability and QoL. Questionnaire data were available for 323 patients. The effect of lifestyle and dietary exposures on impairment, disability and QoL was evaluated using logistic regression models, adjusting for age, sex, disease duration, physical activity and smoking. Physical activity was associated with lower sensory impairment by the ISS scale, less disability by the INCAT and RODS scale and a better QoL in all the domains of EURO-QoL scale with the exception of anxiety/depression. None of the other parameters had an impact on these scales. This study adds evidence to the possible role of physical activity in improving symptom severity, disability and QoL in patients with CIDP. None of the other environmental factors investigated appeared to have an impact on the severity and health perception of CIDP.
Published: 2020

35. Relevance of diagnostic investigations in chronic inflammatory demyelinating poliradiculoneuropathy: Data from the Italian CIDP database

Author: Liberatore, G, Manganelli, F, Cocito, D, Fazio, R, Briani, C, Filosto, M, Benedetti, L, Antonini, G, Cosentino, G, Jann, S, Mazzeo, A, Cortese, A, Marfia, G, Clerici, A, Siciliano, G, Carpo, M, Sabatelli, M, Lauria, G, Rosso, T, Nobile Orazio, E, Doneddu, P, Gallia, F, Nobile-Orazio, E, Peci, E, Tronci, S, Santoro, L, Spina, E, Ruiz, M, Piccinelli, S, Beronio, A, Toscano, A, Gentile, L, Mataluni, G, Piccolo, L, Callegari, I, Fierro, B, Pinuccia, V, Bianchi, E, Beghi, E, Scrascia, F, Garnero, M, Schenone, A, Luigetti, M, Dacci, P, Leonardi, L, Schirinzi, E, Balducci, C, Cavaletti, G, Liberatore G., Manganelli F., Cocito D., Fazio R., Briani C., Filosto M., Benedetti L., Antonini G., Cosentino G., Jann S., Mazzeo A., Cortese A., Marfia G. A., Clerici A. M., Siciliano G., Carpo M., Sabatelli M., Lauria G., Rosso T., Nobile Orazio E., Doneddu P. E., Gallia F., Nobile-Orazio E., Peci E., Tronci S., Santoro L., Spina E., Ruiz M., Piccinelli S. C., Beronio A., Toscano A., Gentile L., Mataluni G., Piccolo L., Callegari I., Fierro B., Pinuccia V. E., Bianchi E., Beghi E., Scrascia F., Garnero M., Schenone A., Luigetti M., Dacci P., Leonardi L., Schirinzi E., Balducci C., Cavaletti G., Liberatore, G, Manganelli, F, Cocito, D, Fazio, R, Briani, C, Filosto, M, Benedetti, L, Antonini, G, Cosentino, G, Jann, S, Mazzeo, A, Cortese, A, Marfia, G, Clerici, A, Siciliano, G, Carpo, M, Sabatelli, M, Lauria, G, Rosso, T, Nobile Orazio, E, Doneddu, P, Gallia, F, Nobile-Orazio, E, Peci, E, Tronci, S, Santoro, L, Spina, E, Ruiz, M, Piccinelli, S, Beronio, A, Toscano, A, Gentile, L, Mataluni, G, Piccolo, L, Callegari, I, Fierro, B, Pinuccia, V, Bianchi, E, Beghi, E, Scrascia, F, Garnero, M, Schenone, A, Luigetti, M, Dacci, P, Leonardi, L, Schirinzi, E, Balducci, C, Cavaletti, G, Liberatore G., Manganelli F., Cocito D., Fazio R., Briani C., Filosto M., Benedetti L., Antonini G., Cosentino G., Jann S., Mazzeo A., Cortese A., Marfia G. A., Clerici A. M., Siciliano G., Carpo M., Sabatelli M., Lauria G., Rosso T., Nobile Orazio E., Doneddu P. E., Gallia F., Nobile-Orazio E., Peci E., Tronci S., Santoro L., Spina E., Ruiz M., Piccinelli S. C., Beronio A., Toscano A., Gentile L., Mataluni G., Piccolo L., Callegari I., Fierro B., Pinuccia V. E., Bianchi E., Beghi E., Scrascia F., Garnero M., Schenone A., Luigetti M., Dacci P., Leonardi L., Schirinzi E., Balducci C., and Cavaletti G.
Abstract: The objective of our work was to report the clinical features and the relevance of diagnostic investigations in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP). We retrospectively reviewed data from patients with a clinical diagnosis of CIDP included in a national database. Among the 500 included patients with a clinical diagnosis of CIDP, 437 patients (87%) fulfilled the European Federation of Neurological Societies and Peripheral Nerve Society criteria for CIDP (definite in 407, probable in 26, possible in four). In 352 patients (86%) motor nerve conduction abnormalities consistent with demyelination were sufficient for the diagnosis of definite CIDP. In 55 patients, this diagnosis required the addition of one or two (from probable or from possible CIDP, respectively) supportive tests, while in 20 cases they improved the diagnosis from possible to probable CIDP, seven patients did not change diagnosis. Considering these 85 patients, cerebrospinal fluid studies were performed in 79 cases (93%) upgrading the certainty of diagnosis in 59% of examined patients. Sensory nerve conduction studies (NCS) were performed in 85% of patients with an improvement of diagnosis in 32% of cases. Nerve biopsy and ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (US/MRI) exams resulted positive in about 40% of examined patients, but they were performed in few patients (7 patients and 16 patients, respectively). A response to the therapy was present in 84% of treated patients (n = 77), contributing to support the diagnosis in 40 patients in whom the other supportive criteria were not sufficient. In most patients with CIDP the diagnosis is possible solely with motor NCS while other investigations may help improving the diagnosis in a minority of patients.
Published: 2020

36. The management of epilepsy in clinical practice: Do the needs manifested by the patients correspond to the priorities of the caring physicians? Findings from the EPINEEDS Study

Author: Giussani, G, Enia, G, Bianchi, E, Mecarelli, O, Beghi, E, Pulitano, P, Cagnetti, C, Baldinelli, S, La Neve, A, Tappata, M, Francavilla, T, De Maria, G, Sofia, V, Giuliano, L, Mainieri, G, Fatuzzo, D, Belcastro, V, Elia, M, D'Orsi, G, Lalla, A, Salmaggi, A, Brigo, F, Magaudda, A, Pisani, F, Galletta, S, Pisani, L, Raffaele, M, Cosenza, D, Villani, F, Quintas, R, Cervellione, R, Borroni, S, Meletti, S, Ferrarese, C, Barbella, G, Di Francesco, J, Bogliun, G, Beretta, S, Galimberti, C, Cantisani, T, Cecconi, M, Celani, M, Papetti, R, Giorgi, F, Aguglia, U, Gasparini, S, Ferlazzo, E, Manganotti, P, Crichiutti, G, Bravar, G, Giussani G., Enia G., Bianchi E., Mecarelli O., Beghi E., Pulitano P., Cagnetti C., Baldinelli S., La Neve A., Tappata M., Francavilla T., De Maria G., Sofia V., Giuliano L., Mainieri G., Fatuzzo D., Belcastro V., Elia M., D'Orsi G., Lalla A., Salmaggi A., Brigo F., Magaudda A., Pisani F., Galletta S., Pisani L. R., Raffaele M., Cosenza D., Villani F. S., Quintas R. M. M., Cervellione R., Borroni S., Meletti S., Ferrarese C., Barbella G., Di Francesco J., Bogliun G., Beretta S., Galimberti C. A., Cantisani T. A., Cecconi M., Celani M. G., Papetti R., Giorgi F. S., Aguglia U., Gasparini S., Ferlazzo E., Manganotti P., Crichiutti G., Bravar G., Giussani, G, Enia, G, Bianchi, E, Mecarelli, O, Beghi, E, Pulitano, P, Cagnetti, C, Baldinelli, S, La Neve, A, Tappata, M, Francavilla, T, De Maria, G, Sofia, V, Giuliano, L, Mainieri, G, Fatuzzo, D, Belcastro, V, Elia, M, D'Orsi, G, Lalla, A, Salmaggi, A, Brigo, F, Magaudda, A, Pisani, F, Galletta, S, Pisani, L, Raffaele, M, Cosenza, D, Villani, F, Quintas, R, Cervellione, R, Borroni, S, Meletti, S, Ferrarese, C, Barbella, G, Di Francesco, J, Bogliun, G, Beretta, S, Galimberti, C, Cantisani, T, Cecconi, M, Celani, M, Papetti, R, Giorgi, F, Aguglia, U, Gasparini, S, Ferlazzo, E, Manganotti, P, Crichiutti, G, Bravar, G, Giussani G., Enia G., Bianchi E., Mecarelli O., Beghi E., Pulitano P., Cagnetti C., Baldinelli S., La Neve A., Tappata M., Francavilla T., De Maria G., Sofia V., Giuliano L., Mainieri G., Fatuzzo D., Belcastro V., Elia M., D'Orsi G., Lalla A., Salmaggi A., Brigo F., Magaudda A., Pisani F., Galletta S., Pisani L. R., Raffaele M., Cosenza D., Villani F. S., Quintas R. M. M., Cervellione R., Borroni S., Meletti S., Ferrarese C., Barbella G., Di Francesco J., Bogliun G., Beretta S., Galimberti C. A., Cantisani T. A., Cecconi M., Celani M. G., Papetti R., Giorgi F. S., Aguglia U., Gasparini S., Ferlazzo E., Manganotti P., Crichiutti G., and Bravar G.
Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the priorities of patients with epilepsy and caring physicians and the correspondence between these priorities. Methods: In this multicenter cross-sectional study, patients with epilepsy attending 21 Italian epilepsy centers and their caring physicians filled anonymously questionnaires on the needs and priorities in the management of the disease. Included were questions on patients' demographics, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of epilepsy. The concordance between patients and their physicians was assessed on various aspects of the diagnosis and care of the disease. Patients' satisfaction with communication, services, and patient–doctor relationship was also assessed. Results: Included were 432 women and 355 men aged 15 to 88 years (median: 41 years). Disease duration ranged from 6 months to 75 years. A structural/metabolic etiology predominated (52.7%), followed by a (presumed) genetic etiology (33.0%). Seizure remission was present in 56.5% of cases. Comorbidities requiring chronic treatment were present in 27.5%, and comorbidities affecting self-sufficiency in 9.5%. Psychiatric comorbidity was present in 35.0%. Patients' priorities included discovery of the cause (89.1%), use of right drug (98.7%), use of a drug without chronic side effects (94.0%), and a life without restrictions (90.4%). Physicians' priorities included choice of right drug (83.5%) and use of drugs without chronic side effects (86.8%). Priorities varied with patients' age, sex, education, and occupation. Patient–doctor relationships were at least good in most cases. The information imparted was considered unsatisfactory by 21–44% of cases on seizure circumstances and complications, side effects of drugs, limitations of daily activities, and management of physiologic or pathologic conditions. Patients declared overall satisfaction, except for appointments (21.5%) and emergencies (30.8%). Conclusion: Patients and physicians' priorities in the mana
Published: 2020

37. Effect modification of the association between total cigarette smoking and ALS risk by intensity, duration and time-since-quitting: Euro-MOTOR

Author: Peters, S, Vlaanderen, J, Portengen, L, Vermeulen, R, Visser, A, Veldink, J, Van Den Berg, L, D'Ovidio, F, Chio, A, Beghi, E, Pupillo, E, Logroscino, G, Hardiman, O, Van Der Kooi, A, Raaphorst, J, Calvo, A, Moglia, C, Casale, F, Fuda, G, Canosa, A, Manera, U, Bombaci, A, Grassano, M, Vasta, R, Salamone, P, Marrali, G, Iazzolino, B, Mazzini, L, Rooney, J, Heverin, M, Vajda, A, Comi, G, Riva, N, Lunetta, C, Gerardi, F, Filosto, M, Cotelli, M, Rinaldi, F, Chiveri, L, Guaita, M, Perrone, P, Mauro, C, Diamanti, L, Ferrarese, C, Tremolizzo, L, Delodovici, M, Bono, G, Tortelli, R, Zecca, C, Peters S., Vlaanderen J., Portengen L., Vermeulen R., Visser A. E., Veldink J. H., Van Den Berg L. H., D'Ovidio F., Chio A., Beghi E., Pupillo E., Logroscino G., Hardiman O., Van Der Kooi A. J., Raaphorst J., Calvo A., Moglia C., Casale F., Fuda G., Canosa A., Manera U., Bombaci A., Grassano M., Vasta R., Salamone P., Marrali G., Iazzolino B., Mazzini L., Rooney J., Heverin M., Vajda A., Comi G., Riva N., Lunetta C., Gerardi F., Filosto M., Cotelli M. S., Rinaldi F., Chiveri L., Guaita M. C., Perrone P., Mauro C., Diamanti L., Ferrarese C., Tremolizzo L., Delodovici M. L., Bono G., Tortelli R., Zecca C., Peters, S, Vlaanderen, J, Portengen, L, Vermeulen, R, Visser, A, Veldink, J, Van Den Berg, L, D'Ovidio, F, Chio, A, Beghi, E, Pupillo, E, Logroscino, G, Hardiman, O, Van Der Kooi, A, Raaphorst, J, Calvo, A, Moglia, C, Casale, F, Fuda, G, Canosa, A, Manera, U, Bombaci, A, Grassano, M, Vasta, R, Salamone, P, Marrali, G, Iazzolino, B, Mazzini, L, Rooney, J, Heverin, M, Vajda, A, Comi, G, Riva, N, Lunetta, C, Gerardi, F, Filosto, M, Cotelli, M, Rinaldi, F, Chiveri, L, Guaita, M, Perrone, P, Mauro, C, Diamanti, L, Ferrarese, C, Tremolizzo, L, Delodovici, M, Bono, G, Tortelli, R, Zecca, C, Peters S., Vlaanderen J., Portengen L., Vermeulen R., Visser A. E., Veldink J. H., Van Den Berg L. H., D'Ovidio F., Chio A., Beghi E., Pupillo E., Logroscino G., Hardiman O., Van Der Kooi A. J., Raaphorst J., Calvo A., Moglia C., Casale F., Fuda G., Canosa A., Manera U., Bombaci A., Grassano M., Vasta R., Salamone P., Marrali G., Iazzolino B., Mazzini L., Rooney J., Heverin M., Vajda A., Comi G., Riva N., Lunetta C., Gerardi F., Filosto M., Cotelli M. S., Rinaldi F., Chiveri L., Guaita M. C., Perrone P., Mauro C., Diamanti L., Ferrarese C., Tremolizzo L., Delodovici M. L., Bono G., Tortelli R., and Zecca C.
Abstract: Background We investigated the association between cigarette smoking and risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in a pooled analysis of population-based case-control studies and explored the independent effects of intensity, duration and time-since-quitting. Methods ALS cases and controls, matched by age, sex and region, were recruited in the Netherlands, Italy and Ireland (∗Euro-MOTOR project). Demographics and detailed lifetime smoking histories were collected through questionnaires. Effects of smoking status, intensity (cigarettes/day), duration (years), pack-years and time-since-quitting (years) on ALS risk were estimated using logistic regression models, adjusting for age, sex, alcohol, education and centre. We further investigated effect modification of the linear effects of pack-years by intensity, duration and time-since-quitting using excess OR (eOR) models. Results Analyses were performed on 1410 cases and 2616 controls. Pack-years were positively associated with ALS risk; OR=1.26 (95%CI: 1.03 to 1.54) for the highest quartile compared with never smokers. This association appeared to be predominantly driven by smoking duration (p trend=0.001) rather than intensity (p trend=0.86), although the trend for duration disappeared after adjustment for time-since-quitting. Time-since-quitting was inversely related to ALS (p trend <0.0001). The eOR decreased with time-since-quitting smoking, until about 10 years prior to disease onset. High intensity smoking with shorter duration appeared more deleterious than lower intensity for a longer duration. Conclusions Our findings provide further support for the association between smoking and ALS. Pack-years alone may be insufficient to capture effects of different smoking patterns. Time-since-quitting appeared to be an important factor, suggesting that smoking may be an early disease trigger.
Published: 2020

38. Risk factors for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP): antecedent events, lifestyle and dietary habits. Data from the Italian CIDP Database

Author: Doneddu, P, Bianchi, E, Cocito, D, Manganelli, F, Fazio, R, Filosto, M, Mazzeo, A, Cosentino, G, Cortese, A, Jann, S, Clerici, A, Antonini, G, Siciliano, G, Luigetti, M, Marfia, G, Briani, C, Lauria, G, Rosso, T, Cavaletti, G, Carpo, M, Benedetti, L, Beghi, E, Liberatore, G, Santoro, L, Peci, E, Tronci, S, Cotti Piccinelli, S, Toscano, A, Piccolo, L, Verrengia, E, Leonardi, L, Schirinzi, E, Mataluni, G, Ruiz, M, Dacci, P, Nobile-Orazio, E, Doneddu P. E., Bianchi E., Cocito D., Manganelli F., Fazio R., Filosto M., Mazzeo A., Cosentino G., Cortese A., Jann S., Clerici A. M., Antonini G., Siciliano G., Luigetti M., Marfia G. A., Briani C., Lauria G., Rosso T., Cavaletti G., Carpo M., Benedetti L., Beghi E., Liberatore G., Santoro L., Peci E., Tronci S., Cotti Piccinelli S., Toscano A., Piccolo L., Verrengia E. P., Leonardi L., Schirinzi E., Mataluni G., Ruiz M., Dacci P., Nobile-Orazio E., Doneddu, P, Bianchi, E, Cocito, D, Manganelli, F, Fazio, R, Filosto, M, Mazzeo, A, Cosentino, G, Cortese, A, Jann, S, Clerici, A, Antonini, G, Siciliano, G, Luigetti, M, Marfia, G, Briani, C, Lauria, G, Rosso, T, Cavaletti, G, Carpo, M, Benedetti, L, Beghi, E, Liberatore, G, Santoro, L, Peci, E, Tronci, S, Cotti Piccinelli, S, Toscano, A, Piccolo, L, Verrengia, E, Leonardi, L, Schirinzi, E, Mataluni, G, Ruiz, M, Dacci, P, Nobile-Orazio, E, Doneddu P. E., Bianchi E., Cocito D., Manganelli F., Fazio R., Filosto M., Mazzeo A., Cosentino G., Cortese A., Jann S., Clerici A. M., Antonini G., Siciliano G., Luigetti M., Marfia G. A., Briani C., Lauria G., Rosso T., Cavaletti G., Carpo M., Benedetti L., Beghi E., Liberatore G., Santoro L., Peci E., Tronci S., Cotti Piccinelli S., Toscano A., Piccolo L., Verrengia E. P., Leonardi L., Schirinzi E., Mataluni G., Ruiz M., Dacci P., and Nobile-Orazio E.
Abstract: Background and purpose: The role of lifestyle and dietary habits and antecedent events has not been clearly identified in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP). Methods: Information was collected about modifiable environmental factors and antecedent infections and vaccinations in patients with CIDP included in an Italian CIDP Database. Only patients who reported not having changed their diet or the lifestyle habits investigated in the study after the appearance of CIDP were included. The partners of patients with CIDP were chosen as controls. Gender-matched analysis was performed with randomly selected controls with a 1:1 ratio of patients and controls. Results: Dietary and lifestyle data of 323 patients and 266 controls were available. A total of 195 cases and 195 sex-matched controls were used in the analysis. Patients eating rice at least three times per week or eating fish at least once per week appeared to be at decreased risk of acquiring CIDP. Data on antecedent events were collected in 411 patients. Antecedent events within 1–42 days before CIDP onset were reported by 15.5% of the patients, including infections in 12% and vaccinations in 1.5%. Patients with CIDP and antecedent infections more often had an acute onset of CIDP and cranial nerve involvement than those without these antecedent events. Conclusions: The results of this preliminary study seem to indicate that some dietary habits may influence the risk of CIDP and that antecedent infections may have an impact on the onset and clinical presentation of the disease.
Published: 2020

39. Relevance of diagnostic investigations in chronic inflammatory demyelinating poliradiculoneuropathy: Data from the Italian CIDP database

Author: Liberatore, G., Manganelli, F., Cocito, D., Fazio, R., Briani, C., Filosto, M., Benedetti, L., Antonini, G., Cosentino, G., Jann, S., Mazzeo, A., Cortese, A., Marfia, G. A., Clerici, A. M., Siciliano, G., Carpo, M., Sabatelli, M., Lauria, G., Rosso, T., Nobile Orazio, E., Doneddu, P. E., Gallia, F., Nobile-Orazio, E., Peci, E., Tronci, S., Santoro, L., Spina, E., Ruiz, M., Piccinelli, S. C., Beronio, A., Toscano, A., Gentile, L., Mataluni, G., Piccolo, L., Callegari, I., Fierro, B., Pinuccia, V. E., Bianchi, E., Beghi, E., Scrascia, F., Garnero, M., Schenone, A., Luigetti, M., Dacci, P., Leonardi, L., Schirinzi, E., Balducci, C., Cavaletti, G., Liberatore, G, Manganelli, F, Cocito, D, Fazio, R, Briani, C, Filosto, M, Benedetti, L, Antonini, G, Cosentino, G, Jann, S, Mazzeo, A, Cortese, A, Marfia, G, Clerici, A, Siciliano, G, Carpo, M, Sabatelli, M, Lauria, G, Rosso, T, Nobile Orazio, E, Doneddu, P, Gallia, F, Nobile-Orazio, E, Peci, E, Tronci, S, Santoro, L, Spina, E, Ruiz, M, Piccinelli, S, Beronio, A, Toscano, A, Gentile, L, Mataluni, G, Piccolo, L, Callegari, I, Fierro, B, Pinuccia, V, Bianchi, E, Beghi, E, Scrascia, F, Garnero, M, Schenone, A, Luigetti, M, Dacci, P, Leonardi, L, Schirinzi, E, Balducci, C, Cavaletti, G, Liberatore, G., Manganelli, F., Cocito, D., Fazio, R., Briani, C., Filosto, M., Benedetti, L., Antonini, G., Cosentino, G., Jann, S., Mazzeo, A., Cortese, A., Marfia, G. A., Clerici, A. M., Siciliano, G., Carpo, M., Sabatelli, M., Lauria, G., Rosso, T., Nobile Orazio, E., Doneddu, P. E., Gallia, F., Nobile-Orazio, E., Peci, E., Tronci, S., Santoro, L., Spina, E., Ruiz, M., Piccinelli, S. C., Beronio, A., Toscano, A., Gentile, L., Mataluni, G., Piccolo, L., Callegari, I., Fierro, B., Pinuccia, V. E., Bianchi, E., Beghi, E., Scrascia, F., Garnero, M., Schenone, A., Luigetti, M., Dacci, P., Leonardi, L., Schirinzi, E., Balducci, C., and Cavaletti, G.
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, peripheral neuropathy, Response to therapy, Motor nerve, CIDP, Settore MED/26, chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy, diagnostic criteria, EMG, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, In patient, Nerve biopsy, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, General Neuroscience, Polyradiculoneuropathy, medicine.disease, Chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy, Diagnostic criteria, Peripheral neuropathy, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Clinical diagnosis, Neurology (clinical), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Sensory nerve
Abstract: The objective of our work was to report the clinical features and the relevance of diagnostic investigations in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP). We retrospectively reviewed data from patients with a clinical diagnosis of CIDP included in a national database. Among the 500 included patients with a clinical diagnosis of CIDP, 437 patients (87%) fulfilled the European Federation of Neurological Societies and Peripheral Nerve Society criteria for CIDP (definite in 407, probable in 26, possible in four). In 352 patients (86%) motor nerve conduction abnormalities consistent with demyelination were sufficient for the diagnosis of definite CIDP. In 55 patients, this diagnosis required the addition of one or two (from probable or from possible CIDP, respectively) supportive tests, while in 20 cases they improved the diagnosis from possible to probable CIDP, seven patients did not change diagnosis. Considering these 85 patients, cerebrospinal fluid studies were performed in 79 cases (93%) upgrading the certainty of diagnosis in 59% of examined patients. Sensory nerve conduction studies (NCS) were performed in 85% of patients with an improvement of diagnosis in 32% of cases. Nerve biopsy and ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (US/MRI) exams resulted positive in about 40% of examined patients, but they were performed in few patients (7 patients and 16 patients, respectively). A response to the therapy was present in 84% of treated patients (n = 77), contributing to support the diagnosis in 40 patients in whom the other supportive criteria were not sufficient. In most patients with CIDP the diagnosis is possible solely with motor NCS while other investigations may help improving the diagnosis in a minority of patients.
Published: 2020

40. The Curing Coma Campaign International Survey on Coma Epidemiology, Evaluation, and Therapy (COME TOGETHER)

Author: Helbok, R, Rass, V, Beghi, E, Bodien, Y, Citerio, G, Giacino, J, Kondziella, D, Mayer, S, Menon, D, Sharshar, T, Stevens, R, Ulmer, H, Venkatasubba Rao, C, Vespa, P, McNett, M, Frontera, J, Helbok, R, Rass, V, Beghi, E, Bodien, Y, Citerio, G, Giacino, J, Kondziella, D, Mayer, S, Menon, D, Sharshar, T, Stevens, R, Ulmer, H, Venkatasubba Rao, C, Vespa, P, McNett, M, and Frontera, J
Abstract: Background Although coma is commonly encountered in critical care, worldwide variability exists in diagnosis and management practices. We aimed to assess variability in coma definitions, etiologies, treatment strategies, and attitudes toward prognosis. Methods As part of the Neurocritical Care Society Curing Coma Campaign, between September 2020 and January 2021, we conducted an anonymous, international, cross-sectional global survey of health care professionals caring for patients with coma and disorders of consciousness in the acute, subacute, or chronic setting. Survey responses were solicited by sequential emails distributed by international neuroscience societies and social media. Fleiss kappa values were calculated to assess agreement among respondents. Results The survey was completed by 258 health care professionals from 41 countries. Respondents predominantly were physicians (n = 213, 83%), were from the United States (n = 141, 55%), and represented academic centers (n = 231, 90%). Among eight predefined items, respondents identified the following cardinal features, in various combinations, that must be present to define coma: absence of wakefulness (81%, kappa = 0.764); Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) <= 8 (64%, kappa = 0.588); failure to respond purposefully to visual, verbal, or tactile stimuli (60%, kappa = 0.552); and inability to follow commands (58%, kappa = 0.529). Reported etiologies of coma encountered included medically induced coma (24%), traumatic brain injury (24%), intracerebral hemorrhage (21%), and cardiac arrest/hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (11%). The most common clinical assessment tools used for coma included the GCS (94%) and neurological examination (78%). Sixty-six percent of respondents routinely performed sedation interruption, in the absence of contraindications, for clinical coma assessments in the intensive care unit. Advanced neurological assessment techniques in comatose patients included quantitative electroencephalography (EEG
Published: 2022

41. Author Correction: Common and rare variant association analyses in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis identify 15 risk loci with distinct genetic architectures and neuron-specific biology

Author: van Rheenen, W., van der Spek, R.A.A., Bakker, M.K., van Vugt, J.J.F.A., Hop, P.J., Zwamborn, R.A.J., de Klein, N., Westra, H-J, Bakker, O.B., Deelen, P., Shireby, G., Hannon, E., Moisse, M., Baird, D., Restuadi, R., Dolzhenko, E., Dekker, A.M., Gawor, K., Westeneng, H-J, Tazelaar, G.H.P., van Eijk, K.R., Kooyman, M., Byrne, R.P., Doherty, M., Heverin, M., Al Khleifat, A., Iacoangeli, A., Shatunov, A., Ticozzi, N., Cooper-Knock, J., Smith, B.N., Gromicho, M., Chandran, S., Pal, S., Morrison, K.E., Shaw, P.J., Hardy, J., Orrell, R.W., Sendtner, M., Meyer, T., Başak, N., van der Kooi, A.J., Ratti, A., Fogh, I., Gellera, C., Lauria, G., Corti, S., Cereda, C., Sproviero, D., D’alfonso, S., Sorarù, G., Siciliano, G., Filosto, M., Padovani, A., Chiò, A., Calvo, A., Moglia, C., Brunetti, M., Canosa, A., Grassano, M., Beghi, E., Pupillo, E., Logroscino, G., Nefussy, B., Osmanovic, A., Nordin, A., Lerner, Y., Zabari, M., Gotkine, M., Baloh, R.H., Bell, S., Vourc’h, P., Corcia, P., Couratier, P., Millecamps, S., Meininger, V., Salachas, F., Mora Pardina, J.S., Assialioui, A., Rojas-García, R., Dion, P.A., Ross, J.P., Ludolph, A.C., Weishaupt, J.H., Brenner, D., Freischmidt, A., Bensimon, G., Brice, A., Durr, A., Payan, C.A.M., Saker-Delye, S., Wood, N.W., Topp, S., Rademakers, R., Tittmann, L., Lieb, W., Franke, A., Ripke, S., Braun, A., Kraft, J., Whiteman, D.C., Olsen, C.M., Uitterlinden, A.G., Hofman, A., Rietschel, M., Cichon, S., Nöthen, M.M., Amouyel, P., Comi, G., Riva, N., Lunetta, C., Gerardi, F., Cotelli, M.S., Rinaldi, F., Chiveri, L., Guaita, M.C., Perrone, P., Ceroni, M., Diamanti, L., Ferrarese, C., Tremolizzo, L., Delodovici, M.L., Bono, G., Manera, U., Vasta, R., Bombaci, A., Casale, F., Fuda, G., Salamone, P., Iazzolino, B., Peotta, L., Cugnasco, P., De Marco, G., Torrieri, M.C., Palumbo, F., Gallone, S., Barberis, M., Sbaiz, L., Gentile, S., Mauro, A., Mazzini, L., De Marchi, F., Corrado, L., D’Alfonso, S., Bertolotto, A., Gionco, M., Leotta, D., Odddenino, E., Imperiale, D., Cavallo, R., Pignatta, P., De Mattei, M., Geda, C., Papurello, D.M., Gusmaroli, G., Comi, C., Labate, C., Ruiz, L., Ferrandi, D., Rota, E., Aguggia, M., Di Vito, N., Meineri, P., Ghiglione, P., Launaro, N., Dotta, M., Di Sapio, A., Giardini, G., Tiloca, C., Peverelli, S., Taroni, F., Pensato, V., Castellotti, B., Comi, G.P., Del Bo, R., Gagliardi, S., Raggi, F., Simoncini, C., Lo Gerfo, A., Inghilleri, M., Ferlini, A., Simone, I.L., Passarella, B., Guerra, V., Zoccolella, S., Nozzoli, C., Mundi, C., Leone, M., Zarrelli, M., Tamma, F., Valluzzi, F., Calabrese, G., Boero, G., Rini, A., Traynor, B.J., Singleton, A.B., Mitne Neto, M., Cauchi, R.J., Ophoff, R.A., Wiedau-Pazos, M., Lomen-Hoerth, C., van Deerlin, V.M., Grosskreutz, J., Roediger, A., Gaur, N., Jörk, A., Barthel, T., Theele, E., Ilse, B., Stubendorff, B., Witte, O.W., Steinbach, R., Hübner, C.A., Graff, C., Brylev, L., Fominykh, V., Demeshonok, V., Ataulina, A., Rogelj, B., Koritnik, B., Zidar, J., Ravnik-Glavač, M., Glavač, D., Stević, Z., Drory, V., Povedano, M., Blair, I.P., Kiernan, M.C., Benyamin, B., Henderson, R.D., Furlong, S., Mathers, S., McCombe, P.A., Needham, M., Ngo, S.T., Nicholson, G.A., Pamphlett, R., Rowe, D.B., Steyn, F.J., Williams, K.L., Mather, K.A., Sachdev, P.S., Henders, A.K., Wallace, L., de Carvalho, M., Pinto, S., Petri, S., Weber, M., Rouleau, G.A., Silani, V., Curtis, C.J., Breen, G., Glass, J.D., Brown, R.H., Landers, J.E., Shaw, C.E., Andersen, P.M., Groen, E.J.N., van Es, M.A., Pasterkamp, R.J., Fan, D., Garton, F.C., McRae, A.F., Davey Smith, G., Gaunt, T.R., Eberle, M.A., Mill, J., McLaughlin, R.L., Hardiman, O., Kenna, K.P., Wray, N.R., Tsai, E., Runz, H., Franke, L., Al-Chalabi, A., Van Damme, P., van den Berg, L.H., Veldink, J.H., van Rheenen, W., van der Spek, R.A.A., Bakker, M.K., van Vugt, J.J.F.A., Hop, P.J., Zwamborn, R.A.J., de Klein, N., Westra, H-J, Bakker, O.B., Deelen, P., Shireby, G., Hannon, E., Moisse, M., Baird, D., Restuadi, R., Dolzhenko, E., Dekker, A.M., Gawor, K., Westeneng, H-J, Tazelaar, G.H.P., van Eijk, K.R., Kooyman, M., Byrne, R.P., Doherty, M., Heverin, M., Al Khleifat, A., Iacoangeli, A., Shatunov, A., Ticozzi, N., Cooper-Knock, J., Smith, B.N., Gromicho, M., Chandran, S., Pal, S., Morrison, K.E., Shaw, P.J., Hardy, J., Orrell, R.W., Sendtner, M., Meyer, T., Başak, N., van der Kooi, A.J., Ratti, A., Fogh, I., Gellera, C., Lauria, G., Corti, S., Cereda, C., Sproviero, D., D’alfonso, S., Sorarù, G., Siciliano, G., Filosto, M., Padovani, A., Chiò, A., Calvo, A., Moglia, C., Brunetti, M., Canosa, A., Grassano, M., Beghi, E., Pupillo, E., Logroscino, G., Nefussy, B., Osmanovic, A., Nordin, A., Lerner, Y., Zabari, M., Gotkine, M., Baloh, R.H., Bell, S., Vourc’h, P., Corcia, P., Couratier, P., Millecamps, S., Meininger, V., Salachas, F., Mora Pardina, J.S., Assialioui, A., Rojas-García, R., Dion, P.A., Ross, J.P., Ludolph, A.C., Weishaupt, J.H., Brenner, D., Freischmidt, A., Bensimon, G., Brice, A., Durr, A., Payan, C.A.M., Saker-Delye, S., Wood, N.W., Topp, S., Rademakers, R., Tittmann, L., Lieb, W., Franke, A., Ripke, S., Braun, A., Kraft, J., Whiteman, D.C., Olsen, C.M., Uitterlinden, A.G., Hofman, A., Rietschel, M., Cichon, S., Nöthen, M.M., Amouyel, P., Comi, G., Riva, N., Lunetta, C., Gerardi, F., Cotelli, M.S., Rinaldi, F., Chiveri, L., Guaita, M.C., Perrone, P., Ceroni, M., Diamanti, L., Ferrarese, C., Tremolizzo, L., Delodovici, M.L., Bono, G., Manera, U., Vasta, R., Bombaci, A., Casale, F., Fuda, G., Salamone, P., Iazzolino, B., Peotta, L., Cugnasco, P., De Marco, G., Torrieri, M.C., Palumbo, F., Gallone, S., Barberis, M., Sbaiz, L., Gentile, S., Mauro, A., Mazzini, L., De Marchi, F., Corrado, L., D’Alfonso, S., Bertolotto, A., Gionco, M., Leotta, D., Odddenino, E., Imperiale, D., Cavallo, R., Pignatta, P., De Mattei, M., Geda, C., Papurello, D.M., Gusmaroli, G., Comi, C., Labate, C., Ruiz, L., Ferrandi, D., Rota, E., Aguggia, M., Di Vito, N., Meineri, P., Ghiglione, P., Launaro, N., Dotta, M., Di Sapio, A., Giardini, G., Tiloca, C., Peverelli, S., Taroni, F., Pensato, V., Castellotti, B., Comi, G.P., Del Bo, R., Gagliardi, S., Raggi, F., Simoncini, C., Lo Gerfo, A., Inghilleri, M., Ferlini, A., Simone, I.L., Passarella, B., Guerra, V., Zoccolella, S., Nozzoli, C., Mundi, C., Leone, M., Zarrelli, M., Tamma, F., Valluzzi, F., Calabrese, G., Boero, G., Rini, A., Traynor, B.J., Singleton, A.B., Mitne Neto, M., Cauchi, R.J., Ophoff, R.A., Wiedau-Pazos, M., Lomen-Hoerth, C., van Deerlin, V.M., Grosskreutz, J., Roediger, A., Gaur, N., Jörk, A., Barthel, T., Theele, E., Ilse, B., Stubendorff, B., Witte, O.W., Steinbach, R., Hübner, C.A., Graff, C., Brylev, L., Fominykh, V., Demeshonok, V., Ataulina, A., Rogelj, B., Koritnik, B., Zidar, J., Ravnik-Glavač, M., Glavač, D., Stević, Z., Drory, V., Povedano, M., Blair, I.P., Kiernan, M.C., Benyamin, B., Henderson, R.D., Furlong, S., Mathers, S., McCombe, P.A., Needham, M., Ngo, S.T., Nicholson, G.A., Pamphlett, R., Rowe, D.B., Steyn, F.J., Williams, K.L., Mather, K.A., Sachdev, P.S., Henders, A.K., Wallace, L., de Carvalho, M., Pinto, S., Petri, S., Weber, M., Rouleau, G.A., Silani, V., Curtis, C.J., Breen, G., Glass, J.D., Brown, R.H., Landers, J.E., Shaw, C.E., Andersen, P.M., Groen, E.J.N., van Es, M.A., Pasterkamp, R.J., Fan, D., Garton, F.C., McRae, A.F., Davey Smith, G., Gaunt, T.R., Eberle, M.A., Mill, J., McLaughlin, R.L., Hardiman, O., Kenna, K.P., Wray, N.R., Tsai, E., Runz, H., Franke, L., Al-Chalabi, A., Van Damme, P., van den Berg, L.H., and Veldink, J.H.
Abstract: Correction to: Nature Genetics https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-021-00973-1, published online 6 December 2021. In the version of this article initially published, the affiliation for Nazli Başak appeared incorrectly. Nazli Başak is at Koç University, School of Medicine, KUTTAM-NDAL, Istanbul, Turkey, and not Bogazici University. The error has been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.
Published: 2022

42. Incidence and prevalence of coma in the UK and the USA

Author: Kondziella, D, Amiri, M, Othman, M, Beghi, E, Bodien, Y, Citerio, G, Giacino, J, Mayer, S, Lawson, T, Menon, D, Rass, V, Sharshar, T, Stevens, R, Tinti, L, Vespa, P, Mcnett, M, Venkatasubba Rao, C, Helbok, R, Akbari, Y, Boly, M, Dangayach, N, Edlow, B, Foreman, B, Gilmore, E, Hammond, F, Hemphill, J, Human, T, Madden, L, Mainali, S, Meyfroidt, G, Monti, M, Nakase-Richardson, R, Nyquist, P, Olson, D, Park, S, Provencio, J, Puybasset, L, Sarwal, A, Shutter, L, Witherspoon, B, Whyte, J, Ziai, W, Kondziella, Daniel, Amiri, Moshgan, Othman, Marwan H, Beghi, Ettore, Bodien, Yelena G, Citerio, Giuseppe, Giacino, Joseph T, Mayer, Stephan A, Lawson, Thomas N, Menon, David K, Rass, Verena, Sharshar, Tarek, Stevens, Robert D, Tinti, Lorenzo, Vespa, Paul, McNett, Molly, Venkatasubba Rao, Chethan P, Helbok, Raimund, Akbari, Yama, Boly, Melanie, Dangayach, Neha, Edlow, Brian, Foreman, Brandon, Gilmore, Emily, Hammond, Flora M, Hemphill, J Claude, Human, Theresa, Madden, Lori Kennedy, Mainali, Shraddha, Meyfroidt, Geert, Monti, Martin, Nakase-Richardson, Risa, Nyquist, Paul, Olson, DaiWai, Park, Soojin, Provencio, Jose Javier, Puybasset, Louis, Sarwal, Aarti, Shutter, Lori, Witherspoon, Briana, Whyte, John, Ziai, Wendy, Kondziella, D, Amiri, M, Othman, M, Beghi, E, Bodien, Y, Citerio, G, Giacino, J, Mayer, S, Lawson, T, Menon, D, Rass, V, Sharshar, T, Stevens, R, Tinti, L, Vespa, P, Mcnett, M, Venkatasubba Rao, C, Helbok, R, Akbari, Y, Boly, M, Dangayach, N, Edlow, B, Foreman, B, Gilmore, E, Hammond, F, Hemphill, J, Human, T, Madden, L, Mainali, S, Meyfroidt, G, Monti, M, Nakase-Richardson, R, Nyquist, P, Olson, D, Park, S, Provencio, J, Puybasset, L, Sarwal, A, Shutter, L, Witherspoon, B, Whyte, J, Ziai, W, Kondziella, Daniel, Amiri, Moshgan, Othman, Marwan H, Beghi, Ettore, Bodien, Yelena G, Citerio, Giuseppe, Giacino, Joseph T, Mayer, Stephan A, Lawson, Thomas N, Menon, David K, Rass, Verena, Sharshar, Tarek, Stevens, Robert D, Tinti, Lorenzo, Vespa, Paul, McNett, Molly, Venkatasubba Rao, Chethan P, Helbok, Raimund, Akbari, Yama, Boly, Melanie, Dangayach, Neha, Edlow, Brian, Foreman, Brandon, Gilmore, Emily, Hammond, Flora M, Hemphill, J Claude, Human, Theresa, Madden, Lori Kennedy, Mainali, Shraddha, Meyfroidt, Geert, Monti, Martin, Nakase-Richardson, Risa, Nyquist, Paul, Olson, DaiWai, Park, Soojin, Provencio, Jose Javier, Puybasset, Louis, Sarwal, Aarti, Shutter, Lori, Witherspoon, Briana, Whyte, John, and Ziai, Wendy
Abstract: The epidemiology of coma is unknown because case ascertainment with traditional methods is difficult. Here, we used crowdsourcing methodology to estimate the incidence and prevalence of coma in the UK and the USA. We recruited UK and US laypeople (aged ≥18 years) who were nationally representative (i.e. matched for age, gender and ethnicity according to census data) of the UK and the USA, respectively, utilizing a crowdsourcing platform. We provided a description of coma and asked survey participants if they—‘right now’ or ‘within the last year’—had a family member in coma. These participants (UK n = 994, USA n = 977) provided data on 30 387 family members (UK n = 14 124, USA n = 16 263). We found more coma cases in the USA (n = 47) than in the UK (n = 20; P = 0.009). We identified one coma case in the UK (0.007%, 95% confidence interval 0.00–0.04%) on the day of the survey and 19 new coma cases (0.13%, 95% confidence interval 0.08–0.21%) within the preceding year, resulting in an annual incidence of 135/100 000 (95% confidence interval 81–210) and a point prevalence of 7 cases per 100 000 population (95% confidence interval 0.18–39.44) in the UK. We identified five cases in the USA (0.031%, 95% confidence interval 0.01–0.07%) on the day of the survey and 42 new cases (0.26%, 95% confidence interval 0.19–0.35%) within the preceding year, resulting in an annual incidence of 258/100 000 (95% confidence interval 186–349) and a point prevalence of 31 cases per 100 000 population (95% confidence interval 9.98–71.73) in the USA. The five most common causes were stroke, medically induced coma, COVID-19, traumatic brain injury and cardiac arrest. To summarize, for the first time, we report incidence and prevalence estimates for coma across diagnosis types and settings in the UK and the USA using crowdsourcing methods. Coma may be more prevalent in the USA than in the UK, which requires further investigation. These data are urgently needed to expand the public health perspec
Published: 2022

43. Do patients' and referral centers' characteristics influence multiple sclerosis phenotypes? Results from the Italian multiple sclerosis and related disorders register

Author: Bergamaschi, R, Beghi, E, Bosetti, C, Ponzio, M, Santucci, C, Lepore, V, Mosconi, P, Aguglia, U, Amato, M, Ancona, A, Ardito, B, Avolio, C, Balgera, R, Banfi, P, Barcella, V, Barone, P, Bellantonio, P, Berardinelli, A, Bertora, P, Bianchi, M, Bramanti, P, Morra, V, Brichetto, G, Brioschi, A, Buccafusca, M, Bucello, S, Busillo, V, Calchetti, B, Cantello, R, Capobianco, M, Capone, F, Capone, L, Cargnelutti, D, Carrozzi, M, Cartechini, E, Cavaletti, G, Cavalla, P, Celani, M, Clerici, R, Clerico, M, Cocco, E, Confalonieri, P, Coniglio, M, Conte, A, Corea, F, Cottone, S, Crociani, P, D'Andrea, F, Danni, M, De Luca, G, de Pascalis, D, De Riz, M, De Robertis, F, De Rosa, G, De Stefano, N, Corte, M, Di Sapio, A, Docimo, R, Falcini, M, Falcone, N, Fermi, S, Ferraro, E, Ferrò, M, Fortunato, M, Foschi, M, Gajofatto, A, Gallo, A, Gallo, P, Gatto, M, Gazzola, P, Giordano, A, Granella, F, Grasso, M, Grimaldi, L, Iaffaldano, P, Imperiale, D, Inglese, M, Iodice, R, Leva, S, Luezzi, V, Lugaresi, A, Lus, G, Maimone, D, Mancinelli, L, Maniscalco, G, Marfia, G, Marini, B, Marson, A, Mascoli, N, Massacesi, L, Melani, F, Merello, M, Meucci, G, Mirabella, M, Montepietra, S, Nasuelli, D, Nicolao, P, Passantino, F, Patti, F, Peresson, M, Pesci, I, Piantadosi, C, Piras, M, Pizzorno, M, Plewnia, K, Pozzilli, C, Protti, A, Quatrale, R, Realmuto, S, Ribizzi, G, Rinalduzzi, S, Rini, A, Romano, S, Romeo, M, Ronzoni, M, Rossi, P, Rovaris, M, Salemi, G, Santangelo, G, Santangelo, M, Santuccio, G, Sarchielli, P, Sinisi, L, Sola, P, Solaro, C, Spitaleri, D, Strumia, S, Tassinari, T, Tonietti, S, Tortorella, C, Totaro, R, Tozzo, A, Trivelli, G, Ulivelli, M, Valentino, P, Venturi, S, Vianello, M, Zaffaroni, M, Zarbo, R, Trojano, M, Battaglia, M, Pugliatti, M, Gasperini, C, Comi, G, Bergamaschi, Roberto, Beghi, Ettore, Bosetti, Cristina, Ponzio, Michela, Santucci, Claudia, Lepore, Vito, Mosconi, Paola, Amato, M P, Ancona, A L, Morra, V Brescia, Brioschi, A M, Celani, M G, Coniglio, M G, Danni, M C, Corte, M Della, Ferrò, M T, Grasso, M F, Grasso, M G, Grimaldi, L M E, Maniscalco, G T, Marfia, G A, Piras, M L, Trojano, Maria, Battaglia, Mario Alberto, Capobianco, Marco, Pugliatti, Maura, Ulivelli, Monica, Gasperini, Claudio, Patti, Francesco, Amato, Maria Pia, Comi, Giancarlo, Bergamaschi, R, Beghi, E, Bosetti, C, Ponzio, M, Santucci, C, Lepore, V, Mosconi, P, Aguglia, U, Amato, M, Ancona, A, Ardito, B, Avolio, C, Balgera, R, Banfi, P, Barcella, V, Barone, P, Bellantonio, P, Berardinelli, A, Bertora, P, Bianchi, M, Bramanti, P, Morra, V, Brichetto, G, Brioschi, A, Buccafusca, M, Bucello, S, Busillo, V, Calchetti, B, Cantello, R, Capobianco, M, Capone, F, Capone, L, Cargnelutti, D, Carrozzi, M, Cartechini, E, Cavaletti, G, Cavalla, P, Celani, M, Clerici, R, Clerico, M, Cocco, E, Confalonieri, P, Coniglio, M, Conte, A, Corea, F, Cottone, S, Crociani, P, D'Andrea, F, Danni, M, De Luca, G, de Pascalis, D, De Riz, M, De Robertis, F, De Rosa, G, De Stefano, N, Corte, M, Di Sapio, A, Docimo, R, Falcini, M, Falcone, N, Fermi, S, Ferraro, E, Ferrò, M, Fortunato, M, Foschi, M, Gajofatto, A, Gallo, A, Gallo, P, Gatto, M, Gazzola, P, Giordano, A, Granella, F, Grasso, M, Grimaldi, L, Iaffaldano, P, Imperiale, D, Inglese, M, Iodice, R, Leva, S, Luezzi, V, Lugaresi, A, Lus, G, Maimone, D, Mancinelli, L, Maniscalco, G, Marfia, G, Marini, B, Marson, A, Mascoli, N, Massacesi, L, Melani, F, Merello, M, Meucci, G, Mirabella, M, Montepietra, S, Nasuelli, D, Nicolao, P, Passantino, F, Patti, F, Peresson, M, Pesci, I, Piantadosi, C, Piras, M, Pizzorno, M, Plewnia, K, Pozzilli, C, Protti, A, Quatrale, R, Realmuto, S, Ribizzi, G, Rinalduzzi, S, Rini, A, Romano, S, Romeo, M, Ronzoni, M, Rossi, P, Rovaris, M, Salemi, G, Santangelo, G, Santangelo, M, Santuccio, G, Sarchielli, P, Sinisi, L, Sola, P, Solaro, C, Spitaleri, D, Strumia, S, Tassinari, T, Tonietti, S, Tortorella, C, Totaro, R, Tozzo, A, Trivelli, G, Ulivelli, M, Valentino, P, Venturi, S, Vianello, M, Zaffaroni, M, Zarbo, R, Trojano, M, Battaglia, M, Pugliatti, M, Gasperini, C, Comi, G, Bergamaschi, Roberto, Beghi, Ettore, Bosetti, Cristina, Ponzio, Michela, Santucci, Claudia, Lepore, Vito, Mosconi, Paola, Amato, M P, Ancona, A L, Morra, V Brescia, Brioschi, A M, Celani, M G, Coniglio, M G, Danni, M C, Corte, M Della, Ferrò, M T, Grasso, M F, Grasso, M G, Grimaldi, L M E, Maniscalco, G T, Marfia, G A, Piras, M L, Trojano, Maria, Battaglia, Mario Alberto, Capobianco, Marco, Pugliatti, Maura, Ulivelli, Monica, Gasperini, Claudio, Patti, Francesco, Amato, Maria Pia, and Comi, Giancarlo
Abstract: Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by phenotypical heterogeneity, partly resulting from demographic and environmental risk factors. Socio-economic factors and the characteristics of local MS facilities might also play a part. Methods: This study included patients with a confirmed MS diagnosis enrolled in the Italian MS and Related Disorders Register in 2000–2021. Patients at first visit were classified as having a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), relapsing–remitting (RR), primary progressive (PP), progressive-relapsing (PR), or secondary progressive MS (SP). Demographic and clinical characteristics were analyzed, with centers’ characteristics, geographic macro-areas, and Deprivation Index. We computed the odds ratios (OR) for CIS, PP/PR, and SP phenotypes, compared to the RR, using multivariate, multinomial, mixed effects logistic regression models. Results: In all 35,243 patients from 106 centers were included. The OR of presenting more advanced MS phenotypes than the RR phenotype at first visit significantly diminished in relation to calendar period. Females were at a significantly lower risk of a PP/PR or SP phenotype. Older age was associated with CIS, PP/PR, and SP. The risk of a longer interval between disease onset and first visit was lower for the CIS phenotype, but higher for PP/PR and SP. The probability of SP at first visit was greater in the South of Italy. Discussion: Differences in the phenotype of MS patients first seen in Italian centers can be only partly explained by differences in the centers’ characteristics. The demographic and socio-economic characteristics of MS patients seem to be the main determinants of the phenotypes at first referral.
Published: 2022

44. Redistribution of garbage codes to underlying causes of death: a systematic analysis on Italy and a comparison with most populous Western European countries based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Monasta, L, Alicandro, G, Pasovic, M, Cunningham, M, Armocida, B, Albano, L, Beghi, E, Beghi, M, Conti, S, Ferrara, P, Fornari, C, Monasta, Lorenzo, Alicandro, Gianfranco, Pasovic, Maja, Cunningham, Matthew, Armocida, Benedetta, Albano, Luciana, Beghi, Ettore, Beghi, Massimiliano, Conti, Sara, Ferrara, Pietro, Fornari, Carla, Monasta, L, Alicandro, G, Pasovic, M, Cunningham, M, Armocida, B, Albano, L, Beghi, E, Beghi, M, Conti, S, Ferrara, P, Fornari, C, Monasta, Lorenzo, Alicandro, Gianfranco, Pasovic, Maja, Cunningham, Matthew, Armocida, Benedetta, Albano, Luciana, Beghi, Ettore, Beghi, Massimiliano, Conti, Sara, Ferrara, Pietro, and Fornari, Carla
Abstract: Background: The proportion of reported causes of death (CoDs) that are not underlying causes can be relevant even in high-income countries and seriously affect health planning. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study identifies these 'garbage codes' (GCs) and redistributes them to underlying causes using evidence-based algorithms. Planners relying on vital registration data will find discrepancies with GBD estimates. We analyse these discrepancies, through the analysis of GCs and their redistribution. Methods: We explored the case of Italy, at national and regional level, and compared it to nine other Western European countries with similar population sizes. We analysed differences between official data and GBD 2019 estimates, for the period 1990-2017 for which we had vital registration data for most select countries. Results: In Italy, in 2017, 33 000 deaths were attributed to unspecified type of stroke and 15 000 to unspecified type of diabetes, these making a fourth of the overall garbage. Significant heterogeneity exists on the overall proportion of GCs, type (unspecified or impossible underlying causes), and size of specific GCs among regions in Italy, and among the select countries. We found no pattern between level of garbage and relevance of specific GCs. Even locations performing below average show interesting lower levels for certain GCs if compared to better performing countries. Conclusions: This systematic analysis suggests the heterogeneity in GC levels and causes, paired with a more detailed analysis of local practices, strengths and weaknesses, could be a positive element in a strategy for the reduction of GCs in Italy.
Published: 2022

45. Neurovascular and infectious disease phenotype of acute stroke patients with and without COVID-19

Author: Beretta, S, Iannuzzi, F, Diamanti, S, Bianchi, E, D'Urbano, L, Elisa, C, Rugova, A, Colleoni, C, Beghi, E, Bonfanti, P, Ferrarese, C, Colleoni, CM, Beretta, S, Iannuzzi, F, Diamanti, S, Bianchi, E, D'Urbano, L, Elisa, C, Rugova, A, Colleoni, C, Beghi, E, Bonfanti, P, Ferrarese, C, and Colleoni, CM
Abstract: Background: The infectious disease phenotype of acute stroke associated with COVID-19 has been poorly characterized. Objective: We investigated the neurovascular and infectious disease phenotype of stroke patients with and without COVID-19 infection, and their effect on in-hospital mortality. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients with acute stroke, admitted to any ward of a hub hospital for stroke in Lombardy, Italy, during the first wave of COVID-19. Demographic, neurovascular, infectious disease, and respiratory characteristics were collected. The effect of clinical variables on survival was evaluated using logistic regression models. Results: One hundred thirty-seven patients with acute stroke were recruited; 30 (21.9%) patients had COVID-19 and represented 2.5% of the 1218 COVID-19 patients hospitalized in the study period. Demographics, comorbidities, stroke type, stroke severity, and etiology did not differ between COVID + stroke patients and non-COVID stroke patients, except for an excess of multi-embolic ischemic stroke in the COVID + group. Most COVID + stroke patients had symptomatic infection (60%) and interstitial pneumonia (70%). COVID + stroke patients required more frequently respiratory support (77% versus 29%; p < 0.0001) and had higher in-hospital mortality (40% versus 12%; p = 0.0005) than non-COVID stroke patients. Mortality was independently associated with symptomatic interstitial pneumonia (aOR 6.7; 95% CI 2.0–22.5; p = 0.002) and, to a lesser extent, with NIHSS on admission (aOR 1.1; 95% CI 1.03–1.2; p = 0.007) and recanalization therapies (aOR 0.2; 95% CI 0.04–0.98; p = 0.046). Conclusion: Symptomatic interstitial pneumonia was the major driver of in-hospital mortality in COVID + stroke patients.
Published: 2022

46. Sleep convulsive seizures predict lack of remission in genetic generalized epilepsies: A retrospective study from a single epilepsy center in Egypt

Author: Ashmawi, A., Hosny, H., Gadallah, M., and Beghi, E.
Published: 2017
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47. Primary headache and epilepsy: A multicenter cross-sectional study

Author: Tonini, M.C., Giordano, L., Atzeni, L., Bogliun, G., Perri, G., Saracco, M.G., Tombini, M., Torelli, P., Turazzini, M., Vernieri, F., Aguggia, M., Bussone, G., and Beghi, E.
Published: 2012
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48. Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2019: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Abbafati, C., Machado, D.B., Cislaghi, B., Salman, O.M., Karanikolos, M., McKee, M., Abbas, K.M., Brady, O.J., Larson, H.J., Trias-Llimós, S., Cummins, S., Langan, S.M., Sartorius, B., Hafiz, A., Jenabi, E., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N., Borzouei, S., Azarian, G., Khazaei, S., Abbasi, M., Asghari, B., Masoumi, S., Komaki, H., Taherkhani, A., Adabi, M., Abbasifard, M., Bazmandegan, G., Kamiab, Z., Vakilian, A., Anjomshoa, M., Mokari, A., Sabour, S., Shahbaz, M., Saeedi, R., Ahmadieh, H., Yousefinezhadi, T., Haj-Mirzaian, A., Nikbakhsh, R., Safi, S., Asgari, S., Irvani, S.N., Jahanmehr, N., Ramezanzadeh, K., Abbasi-Kangevari, M., Khayamzadeh, M., Abbastabar, H., Shirkoohi, R., Fazlzadeh, M., Janjani, H., Hosseini, M., Mansournia, M., Tohidinik, H., Bakhtiari, A., Fazaeli, A., Mousavi, S., Hasanzadeh, A., Nabavizadeh, B., Malekzadeh, R., Hashemian, M., Pourshams, A., Salimzadeh, H., Sepanlou, S.G., Afarideh, M., Esteghamati, A., Esteghamati, S., Ghajar, A., Heidari, B., Rezaei, N., Mohamadi, E., Rahimi-Movaghar, A., Rahim, F., Eskandarieh, S., Sahraian, M., Mohebi, F., Aminorroaya, A., Ebrahimi, H., Farzadfar, F., Mohajer, B., Pishgar, F., Saeedi Moghaddam, S., Shabani, M., Zarafshan, H., Abolhassani, H., Hafezi-Nejad, N., Heidari-Soureshjani, R., Abdollahi, M., Farahmand, M., Salamati, P., Mehrabi Nasab, E., Tajdini, M., Aghamir, S., Mirzaei, R., Dibaji Forooshani, Z., Khater, M.M., Abd-Allah, F., Abdelalim, A., Abualhasan, A., El-Jaafary, S.I., Hassan, A., Elsharkawy, A., Khater, A.M., Elhabashy, H.R., Salem, M.R.R., Salem, H., Sadeghi, M., Jafarinia, M., Amini-Rarani, M., Mohammadifard, N., Sarrafzadegan, N., Abdollahpour, I., Sarveazad, A., Tehrani-Banihashemi, A., Yoosefi Lebni, J., Manafi, N., Pazoki Toroudi, H., Dorostkar, F., Alipour, V., Sheikhtaheri, A., Arabloo, J., Azari, S., Ghashghaee, A., Rezapour, A., Naserbakht, M., Kabir, A., Mehri, F., Yousefifard, M., Asadi-Aliabadi, M., Babaee, E., Eshrati, B., Goharinezhad, S., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Abedi, P., Rashedi, V., Kumar, V., Elgendy, I.Y., Basu, S., Park, J., Pereira, A., Norheim, O.F., Eagan, A.W., Cahill, L.E., Sheikh, A., Abushouk, A.I., Kraemer, M.U.G., Thakur, B., Bärnighausen, T.W., Shrime, M.G., Abedi, A., Doshi, C.P., Abegaz, K.H., Geberemariyam, B.S., Aynalem, Y.A., Shiferaw, W.S., Abosetugn, A.E., Aboyans, V., Abrams, E.M., Gitimoghaddam, M., Kissoon, N., Stubbs, J.L., Brauer, M., Iyamu, I.O., Kopec, J.A., Pourmalek, F., Ribeiro, A.P., Malta, D.C., Gomez, R.S., Abreu, L.G., Abrigo, M.R.M., Almulhim, A.M., Dahlawi, S.M.A., Pottoo, F.H., Menezes, R.G., Alanzi, T.M., Alumran, A.K., Abu Haimed, A.K., Madadin, M., Alanezi, F.M., Abu-Gharbieh, E., Saddik, B., Abu-Raddad, L.J., Samy, A.M., El Nahas, N., Shalash, A.S., Nabhan, A.F., Kamath, A.M., Kassebaum, N.J., Aravkin, A.Y., Kochhar, S., Sorensen, R.J.D., Afshin, A., Burkart, K., Cromwell, E.A., Dandona, L., Dharmaratne, S.D., Gakidou, E., Hay, S.I., Kyu, H.H., Lopez, A.D., Lozano, R., Misganaw, A.T., Mokdad, A.H., Naghavi, M., Pigott, D.M., Reiner Jr, R.C., Roth, G.A., Stanaway, J.D., Vollset, S., Vos, T., Wang, H., Lim, S.S., Murray, C.J.L., Kalani, R., Ikuta, K.S., Cho, D.Y., Kneib, C.J., Crowe, C.S., Massenburg, B.B., Morrison, S.D., Acebedo, A., Adelson, J.D., Agesa, K.M., Alam, T., Albertson, S.B., Anderson, J.A., Antony, C.M., Ashbaugh, C., Assmus, M., Azhar, G., Balassyano, S., Bannick, M.S., Barthelemy, C.M., Bender, R.G., Bennitt, F.B., Bertolacci, G.J., Biehl, M.H., Bisignano, C., Boon-Dooley, A.S., Briant, P.S., Bryazka, D., Bumgarner, B.R., Callender, C.S., Cao, J., Castle, C.D., Castro, E., Causey, K., Cercy, K.M., Chalek, J., Charlson, F.J., Cohen, A.J., Comfort, H., Compton, K., Croneberger, A.J., Cruz, J.A., Cunningham, M., Dandona, R., Dangel, W.J., Dean, F.E., DeCleene, N.K., Deen, A., Degenhardt, L., Dingels, Z.V., Dippenaar, I.N., Dirac, M.A., Dolgert, A.J., Emmons-Bell, S., Estep, K., Farag, T., Feigin, V.L., Feldman, R., Ferrara, G., Ferrari, A.J., Fitzgerald, R., Force, L.M., Fox, J.T., Frank, T.D., Fu, W., Fukutaki, K., Fuller, J.E., Fullman, N., Galles, N.C., Gardner, W.M., Gershberg Hayoon, A., Goren, E., Gorman, T.M., Gottlich, H.C., Guo, G., Haddock, B., Hagins, H., Haile, L.M., Hamilton, E.B., Han, C., Han, H., Harvey, J.D., Henny, K., Henrikson, H.J., Henry, N.J., Herbert, M.E., Hsiao, T., Huynh, C.K., Iannucci, V.C., Ippolito, H., Irvine, C.M.S., Jafari, H., Jahagirdar, D., James, S.L., Johnson, C.O., Johnson, S.C., Keller, C., Kemmer, L., Kendrick, P.J., Knight, M., Kocarnik, J.M., Krohn, K.J., Larson, S.L., Lau, K.M., Ledesma, J.R., Leever, A.T., LeGrand, K.E., Lescinsky, H., Lin, C., Liu, H., Liu, Z., Lo, J., Lu, A., Ma, J., Maddison, E.R., Manguerra, H., Marks, A., Martopullo, I., Mastrogiacomo, C.I., May, E.A., Mooney, M.D., Mosser, J.F., Mullany, E.C., Mumford, J., Munro, S.B., Nandakumar, V., Nguyen, J., Nguyen, M., Nichols, E., Nixon, M.R., Odell, C.M., Ong, K.L., Orji, A.U., Ostroff, S.M., Pasovic, M., Paulson, K.R., Pease, S.A., Pennini, A., Pierce, M., Pilz, T.M., Pletcher, M., Rao, P.C., Razo, C., Redford, S.B., Reinig, N., Reitsma, M.B., Rhinehart, P., Robalik, T., Roberts, S., Roberts, N.L.S., Rolfe, S., Sbarra, A.N., Schaeffer, L.E., Shackelford, K.A., Shadid, J., Sharara, F., Shaw, D.H., Sheena, B.S., Simpson, K.E., Smith, A., Spencer, C.N., Spurlock, E.E., Stark, B.A., Steiner, C., Steuben, K.M., Sylte, D.O., Tang, M., Taylor, H.J., Terrason, S., Thomson, A.M., Torre, A.E., Travillian, R., Troeger, C.E., Vongpradith, A., Walters, M.K., Wang, J., Watson, A., Watson, S., Whisnant, J.L., Whiteford, H.A., Wiens, K.E., Wilner, L.B., Wilson, S., Wool, E.E., Wozniak, S.S., Wu, J., Wulf Hanson, S., Wunrow, H., Xu, R., Yadgir, S., Yearwood, J.A., York, H.W., Yuan, C., Zhao, J.T., Zheng, P., Zimsen, S.R.M., Zlavog, B.S., Chang, A.Y., Oren, E., Buchbinder, R., Chin, K.L., Guo, Y., Polkinghorne, K.R., Thrift, A.G., Lee, S.W.H., Ackerman, I.N., Cicuttini, F.M., Li, S., Zaman, S., Suleria, H., Zhang, J., Cowie, B.C., Wijeratne, T., Patton, G.C., Sawyer, S.M., Adair, T., Meretoja, A., Adetokunboh, O.O., Adamu, A.A., Iwu, C.J., Parry, C.D.H., Seedat, S., Ndwandwe, D.E., Mahasha, P.W., Stein, D.J., Nnaji, C.A., Sambala, E.Z., Wiysonge, C.S., Adebayo, O.M., Ilesanmi, O.S., Owolabi, M.O., Adeoye, A.M., Adedeji, I.A., Adekanmbi, V., Ibitoye, S.E., John-Akinola, Y.O., Oluwasanu, M.M., Oghenetega, O.B., Akinyemi, R.O., Zandian, H., Adham, D., Zahirian Moghadam, T., Advani, S.M., Teagle, W.L., Braithwaite, D., Agasthi, P., Saadatagah, S., Afshari, M., Agardh, E.E., Allebeck, P., Danielsson, A., Deuba, K., Carrero, J.J., Mohammad, D.K., Fereshtehnejad, S., Ärnlöv, J., Nowak, C., Cederroth, C.R., Ahmadi, A., Pathak, A., Mills, E.J., Kurmi, O.P., Olagunju, A.T., Agarwal, G., Sathish, T., Aghaali, M., Mohammadbeigi, A., Agrawal, A., Ahmad, T., Ahmadi, K., Maleki, S., Naderi, M., Salahshoor, M.R., Pourmirza Kalhori, R., Almasi, A., Salimi, Y., Siabani, S., Ziapour, A., Barzegar, A., Khazaie, H., Kianipour, N., Amiri, F., Salehi Zahabi, S., Mirzaei, M., Shamsi, M., Najafi, F., Jalali, A., Ghadiri, K., Heydarpour, F., Fattahi, N., Karami Matin, B., Kazemi Karyani, A., Pirsaheb, M., Rajati, F., Sadeghi, E., Safari, Y., Sharafi, K., Soltani, S., Vasseghian, Y., Atafar, Z., Jalilian, F., Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M., Saeidi, S., Soofi, M., Zangeneh, A., Mansouri, B., Ahmadi, M., Khafaie, M.A., Safiri, S., Moghadaszadeh, M., Asghari Jafarabadi, M., Doshmangir, L., Jadidi-Niaragh, F., Ghafourifard, M., Spotin, A., Khodayari, M., Samadi Kafil, H., Kalankesh, L.R., Ahmadpour, E., Yousefi, B., Ansari, F., Hassankhani, H., Karimi, S., Haririan, H., Mereta, S., Ahmed, M.B., Feyissa, G.T., Ciobanu, L.G., Aji, B., Aynalem, G.L., Gebresillassie, B., Tefera, Y.G., Akalu, T.Y., Baraki, A.G., Tesema, G.A., Tessema, Z.T., Tamiru, A.T., Azene, Z.N., Netsere, H.B., Yano, Y., Akinyemiju, T., Wu, C., Zadey, S., Samad, Z., Ji, J.S., Doshi, P.P., John, O., Jha, V., Maulik, P.K., Pesudovs, K., Resnikoff, S., Mitchell, P.B., Sachdev, P.S., Akombi, B., Godinho, M.A., Ivers, R.Q., Peden, A.E., Biswas, R., Boufous, S., Akunna, C.J., Alahdab, F., Hammer, M.S., van Donkelaar, A., Al-Aly, Z., Dellavalle, R.P., Alam, S., Martin, R.V., Alam, N., De Leo, D., Tadakamadla, S.K., Alam, K., Alcalde-Rabanal, J.E., Avila-Burgos, L., Serván-Mori, E., Denova-Gutiérrez, E., Rodríguez-Ramírez, S., Morales, L., Poznańska, A., Wojtyniak, B., Rivera, J.A., Campos-Nonato, I.R., Campuzano Rincon, J., Sánchez-Pimienta, T.G., Mengesha, M.B., Welay, F.T., Alema, N.M., Demsie, D.G., Teame, H., Teklehaimanot, B.F., Alemu, B.W., Gultie, T., Bante, A.B., Yeshitila, Y.G., Geramo, Y.C.D., Glagn, M., Sorrie, M.B., W/hawariat, F.G., Amare, A., Kasa, A., Alemu, Y., Mihretie, K.M., Atnafu, D.D., Demeke, F.M., Melese, A., Bante, S.A., Dessie, G.A., Mengesha, E.W., Nigatu, D., Almadi, M.A.H., Alhabib, K.F., Mohammad, Y., Altirkawi, K.A., Temsah, M., Kugbey, N., Ayanore, M.A., Alhassan, R.K., Ali, M., Ali, S., Alicandro, G., Kalhor, R., Alijanzadeh, M., 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Vlassov, V, Vollset, Se, Vos, T, Vujcic, I, Vukovic, A, Vukovic, R, Waheed, Y, Wallin, Mt, Walters, Mk, Wang, Hb, Wang, Yp, Watson, S, Wei, Jk, Weiss, J, Weldesamuel, Gt, Werdecker, A, Westerman, R, Whiteford, Ha, Wiangkham, T, Wiens, Ke, Wijeratne, T, Wiysonge, C, Wojtyniak, B, Wolfe, Cda, Wondmieneh, Ab, Wool, Ee, Wu, Am, Wu, Jj, Xu, Gl, Yamada, T, Yamagishi, K, Yano, Y, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yearwood, Ja, Yeheyis, Ty, Yilgwan, C, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, Sj, Lebni, Jy, York, Hw, Younis, Mz, Younker, Tp, Yousefi, Z, Yousefinezhadi, T, Yousuf, Ay, Yusefzadeh, H, Moghadam, Tz, Zakzuk, J, Bin Zaman, S, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zandian, H, Zhang, Zj, Zheng, P, Zhou, Mg, Ziapour, A, Murray, Cjl, Wang, Haidong, Abbas, Kaja M, Abbasifard, Mitra, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abolhassani, Hassan, Abreu, Lucas Guimarãe, Abrigo, Michael R M, Abushouk, Abdelrahman I, Adabi, Maryam, Adair, Tim, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, Advani, Shailesh M, Afshin, Ashkan, Aghaali, Mohammad, Agrawal, Anurag, Ahmadi, Keivan, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Tahiya, Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour, Alanzi, Turki M, Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth, Ali, Muhammad, Alicandro, Gianfranco, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Alinia, Cyru, Alipour, Vahid, Alizade, Hesam, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Allebeck, Peter, Almadi, Majid Abdulrahman Hamad, Almasi-Hashiani, Amir, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M, Altirkawi, Khalid A, Alumran, Arwa Khalid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amini-Rarani, Mostafa, Aminorroaya, Arya, Amit, Arianna Maever L, Ancuceanu, Robert, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Androudi, Sofia, Angus, Colin, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansari, Fereshteh, Ansari, Iman, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Antony, Catherine M, Anvari, Davood, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, Arabloo, Jalal, Arab-Zozani, Morteza, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y, Aremu, Olatunde, Ärnlöv, Johan, Aryal, Krishna K, Asadi-Pooya, Ali A, Asgari, Samaneh, Asghari Jafarabadi, Mohammad, Atteraya, Madhu Sudhan, Ausloos, Marcel, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel Gbenato Arthur, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayano, Getinet, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, Azarian, Ghasem, Babaee, Ebrahim, Badiye, Ashish D, Bagli, Eleni, Bahrami, Mohammad Amin, Bakhtiari, Ahad, Balassyano, Shelly, Banach, Maciej, Banik, Palash Chandra, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barzegar, Akbar, Basu, Sanjay, Baune, Bernhard T, Bayati, Mohsen, Bazmandegan, Gholamreza, Bedi, Neeraj, Bell, Michellr L, Bennett, Derrick A, Bensenor, Isabela M, Berhe, Kidanemaryam, Berman, Adam E, Bertolacci, Gregory J, Bhageerathy, Reshmi, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Bijani, Ali, Biondi, Antonio, Bisanzio, Donal, Bisignano, Catherine, Biswas, Raaj Kishore, Bjørge, Tone, Bohlouli, Somayeh, Bohluli, Mehdi, Bolla, Srinivasa Rao Rao, Borzì, Antonio Maria, Borzouei, Shiva, Brady, Oliver J, Braithwaite, Dejana, Brauer, Michael, Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, Bumgarner, Blair R, Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath, Butt, Zahid A, Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano, Cai, Tianji, Callender, Charlton SKH, Cámera, Luis LA Alberto, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carreras, Giulia, Carrero, Juan J, Carvalho, Felix, Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio, Castelpietra, Giulio, Castro, Franz, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Cederroth, Christopher R, Cerin, Ester, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chin, Ken Lee, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Ciobanu, Liliana G, Cirillo, Massimo, Comfort, Haley, Costa, Vera Marisa, Cowden, Richard G, Cromwell, Elizabeth A, Croneberger, Andrew J, Cunningham, Matthew, Dahlawi, Saad M A, Damiani, Giovanni, D'Amico, Emanuele, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dargan, Paul I, Darwesh, Aso Mohammad, Daryani, Ahmad, Das Gupta, Rajat, das Neves, José, Davletov, Kairat, De Leo, Diego, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Deribe, Kebede, Dervenis, Nikolao, Desai, Rupak, Dhungana, Govinda Prasad, Dias da Silva, Diana, Diaz, Daniel, Dippenaar, Ilse N, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Hoa Thi, Dokova, Klara, Doku, David Teye, Dorostkar, Fariba, Doshi, Chirag P, Doshmangir, Leila, Doyle, Kerrie E, Dubljanin, Eleonora, Duraes, Andre Rodrigue, Edvardsson, David, Effiong, Andem, El Sayed, Iman, El Tantawi, Maha, Elbarazi, Iffat, El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I, Emamian, Mohammad Hassan, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esmaeilzadeh, Firooz, Estep, Kara, Farahmand, Mohammad, Faraj, Anwar, Fareed, Mohammad, Faridnia, Roghiyeh, Faro, Andre, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fattahi, Nazir, Fazaeli, Ali Akbar, Fazlzadeh, Mehdi, Feigin, Valery L, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Ferreira, Manuela L, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Flohr, Carsten, Foigt, Nataliya A, Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin, Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich, Freitas, Marisa, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Fuller, John E, Furtado, João M, Gad, Mohamed M, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Gallus, Silvano, Gebrehiwot, Abiyu Mekonnen, Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork, Gething, Peter W, Ghamari, Farhad, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Gholamian, Asadollah, Gilani, Syed Amir, Gitimoghaddam, Mojgan, Glushkova, Ekaterina Vladimirovna, Gnedovskaya, Elena V, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goulart, Alessandra C, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Subodh Sharan, Haagsma, Juanita A, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, Halvaei, Iman, Hamadeh, Randah R, Hamagharib Abdullah, Kanaan, Han, Chieh, Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohanne, Hankey, Graeme J, Haririan, Hamidreza, Haro, Josep Maria, Hasaballah, Ahmed I, Hassanipour, Soheil, Hassankhani, Hadi, Hay, Simon I, Heibati, Behzad, Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza, Henny, Kiana, Henry, Nathaniel J, Herteliu, Claudiu, Heydarpour, Fatemeh, Hole, Michael K, Hoogar, Praveen, Hosgood, H Dean, Hossain, Naznin, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Househ, Mowafa, Hoy, Damian G, Hu, Guoqing, Huda, Tanvir M, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Ikuta, Kevin S, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Irena M, Ilic, Milena D, Imani-Nasab, Mohammad Hasan, Islam, Mdmohaimenul, Iso, Hiroyasu, Iwu, Chinwe Juliana, Jaafari, Jalil, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jahagirdar, Deepa, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jalali, Amir, Jalilian, Farzad, James, Spencer L, Janjani, Hosna, Jenabi, Ensiyeh, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jha, Vivekanand, Ji, John S, Jonas, Jost B, Joukar, Farahnaz, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Zubair, Kalani, Hamed, Kalankesh, Leila R, Kamiab, Zahra, Kanchan, Tanuj, Kapoor, Neeti, Karch, André, Karimi, Salah Eddin, Karimi, Seyed Asaad, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kawakami, Norito, Kayode, Gbenga A, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Keller, Cathleen, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalid, Nauman, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Maseer, Khang, Young-Ho, Khater, Amir M, Khater, Mona M, Khazaei, Salman, Khazaie, Habibolah, Khodayari, Mohammad Taghi, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kianipour, Neda, Kim, Cho-il, Kim, Young-Eun, Kim, Yun Jin, Kinfu, Yohanne, Kisa, Adnan, Kisa, Sezer, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna, Kivimäki, Mika, Komaki, Hamidreza, Kopec, Jacek A, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael A, Krishan, Kewal, Krohn, Kris J, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kumar, G Anil, Kumar, Manasi, Kumar, Pushpendra, Kumar, Vivek, Kusuma, Dian, Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lacey, Ben, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lami, Faris Hasan, Lansky, Sonia, Larson, Samantha Leigh, Larsson, Anders O, Lasrado, Savita, Lassi, Zohra S, Lazarus, Jeffrey V, Lee, Paul H, Lee, Shaun Wen Huey, Leever, Andrew T, Legrand, Kate E, Leonardi, Matilde, Li, Shanshan, Lim, Lee-Ling, Lim, Stephen S, Linn, Shai, Lodha, Rakesh, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Lopez, Alan D, Lopukhov, Platon D, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lozano, Rafael, Lu, Alton, Lunevicius, Raimunda, Madadin, Mohammed, Maddison, Emilie R, Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan, Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed, Mahasha, Phetole Walter, Mahdavi, Mokhtar Mahdavi, Malekzadeh, Reza, Mamun, Abdullah A, Manafi, Navid, Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz, Mansouri, Borhan, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mapoma, Chabila Christopher, Martini, Santi, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Masaka, Anthony, Mastrogiacomo, Claudia I, Mathur, Manu Raj, May, Erin A, Mcalinden, Colm, Mcgrath, John J, Mckee, Martin, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mehri, Fereshteh, Mehta, Kala M, Meitei, Wahengbam Bigyananda, Memiah, Peter T N, Mendoza, Walter, Menezes, Ritesh G, Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku, Mensah, George A, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Michalek, Irmina Maria, Mihretie, Kebadnew Mulatu, Miller, Ted R, Mills, Edward J, Milne, George J, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Mirzaei, Hamed, Mirzaei, Maryam, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi, Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen, Moazen, Babak, Moghadaszadeh, Masoud, Mohamadi, Efat, Mohammad, Dara K, Mohammad, Yousef, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser, Mohammadbeigi, Abolfazl, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, Mohammed, Hussen, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohebi, Farnam, Mohseni Bandpei, Mohammad A, Mokari, Amin, Mokdad, Ali H, Momen, Natalie C, Monasta, Lorenzo, Mooney, Meghan D, Moradi, Ghobad, Moradi, Masoud, Moradi-Joo, Mohammad, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah, Moraga, Paula, Moreno Velásquez, Ilai, Morgado-da-Costa, Joana, Morrison, Shane Dougla, Mosser, Jonathan F, Mouodi, Simin, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Mousavi Khaneghah, Amin, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Muthupandian, Saravanan, Nabavizadeh, Behnam, Naderi, Mehdi, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naghshtabrizi, Behshad, Naik, Gurudatta, Najafi, Farid, Nangia, Vinay, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Ngunjiri, Josephine W, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Nigatu, Yeshambel T, Nikbakhsh, Rajan, Nikpoor, Amin Reza, Nixon, Molly R, Nnaji, Chukwudi A, Nomura, Shuhei, Noubiap, Jean Jacque, Nouraei Motlagh, Soraya, Nowak, Christoph, Oţoiu, Adrian, Odell, Christopher M, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladnabi, Morteza, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Omar Bali, Ahmed, Ong, Kanyin L, Onwujekwe, Obinna E, Ortiz, Alberto, Otstavnov, Nikita, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, Øverland, Simon, Owolabi, Mayowa O, P A, Mahesh, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, Pakshir, Keyvan, Palladino, Raffaele, Pana, Adrian, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Park, Jame, Pasupula, Deepak Kumar, Patel, Jenil R, Patel, Sangram Kishor, Patton, George C, Paulson, Katherine R, Pazoki Toroudi, Hamidreza, Pease, Spencer A, Peden, Amy E, Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino, Peprah, Emmanuel K, Pereira, Alexandre, Pereira, David M, Perico, Norberto, Pigott, David M, Pilgrim, Thoma, Pilz, Tessa M, Piradov, Michael A, Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Pokhrel, Khem Narayan, Postma, Maarten J, Pourjafar, Hadi, Pourmalek, Farshad, Pourshams, Akram, Poznańska, Anna, Prada, Sergio I, Prakash, Sanjay, Preotescu, Liliana, Quazi Syed, Zahiruddin, Rabiee, Mohammad, Rabiee, Navid, Radfar, Amir, Rafiei, Alireza, Raggi, Alberto, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rajabpour-Sanati, Ali, Ram, Pradhum, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rao, Sowmya J, Rasella, Davide, Rashedi, Vahid, Rastogi, Prateek, Rathi, Priya, Rawal, Lal, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renjith, Vishnu, Renzaho, Andre M N, Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Nima, Rezai, Mohammad sadegh, Rezapour, Aziz, Rickard, Jennifer, Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rostamian, Morteza, Rubagotti, Enrico, Rwegerera, Godfrey M, Sabour, Siamak, Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Sadeghi, Masoumeh, Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar, Safari, Yahya, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Sajadi, S Mohammad, Salahshoor, Mohammad Reza, Salama, Joseph S, Salamati, Payman, Salem, Marwa R Rashad, Salimi, Yahya, Salomon, Joshua A, Salz, Inbal, Samad, Zainab, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan, Santric-Milicevic, Milena M, Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer, Sartorius, Benn, Sarveazad, Arash, Sathian, Brijesh, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, Sattin, Davide, Saylan, Mete, Schaeffer, Lauren E, Schiavolin, Silvia, Schwebel, David C, Schwendicke, Falk, Sekerija, Mario, Senbeta, Anbissa Muleta, Senthilkumaran, Subramanian, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Serván-Mori, Edson, Shabani, Mahsima, Shahabi, Saeed, Shahbaz, Mohammad, Shaheen, Amira A, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shalash, Ali S, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Shamsi, Mohammadbagher, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Shannawaz, Mohammed, Sharafi, Kiomar, Sharafi, Zeinab, Sharara, Fablina, Sharma, Rajesh, Shaw, David H, Sheikh, Aziz, Shin, Jae Il, Shiri, Rahman, Shrime, Mark G, Shuval, Kerem, Siabani, Soraya, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig, Silva, Diego Augusto Santo, Simonetti, Biagio, Simpson, Kyle E, Singh, Jasvinder A, Skiadaresi, Eirini, Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich, Soheili, Amin, Sokhan, Anton, Sorensen, Reed J D, Soriano, Joan B, Sorrie, Muluken Bekele, Soyiri, Ireneous N, Spurlock, Emma Elizabeth, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Stockfelt, Leo, Stokes, Mark A, Stubbs, Jacob L, Sudaryanto, Agu, Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Rizwan, Sykes, Bryan L, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabb, Karen M, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Taherkhani, Amir, Tang, Muming, Taveira, Nuno, Taylor, Heather Jean, Teagle, Whitney L, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Teklehaimanot, Berhane Fseha, Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Thomas, Nihal, Thrift, Amanda G, Titova, Mariya Vladimirovna, Tohidinik, Hamid Reza, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Topouzis, Foti, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto Roberto, Traini, Eugenio, Tran, Bach Xuan, Travillian, Ravensara, Trias-Llimós, Sergi, Truelsen, Thomas Clement, Tudor Car, Lorainne, Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran, Upadhyay, Era, Vacante, Marco, Vakilian, Alireza, Valdez, Pascual R, Valli, Alessandro, Vardavas, Constantine, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Nogale, Vasseghian, Yasser, Veisani, Yousef, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Vidale, Simone, Violante, Francesco S, Vlassov, Vasily, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Vujcic, Isidora S, Vukovic, Ana, Vukovic, Rade, Waheed, Yasir, Wallin, Mitchell Taylor, Walters, Magdalene K, Wang, Hongbo, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Watson, Stefanie, Wei, Jingkai, Weiss, Jordan, Weldesamuel, Girmay Teklay, Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A, Wiangkham, Taweewat, Wiens, Kirsten E, Wijeratne, Tissa, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wolfe, Charles D A, Wondmieneh, Adam Belay, Wool, Eve E, Wu, Ai-Min, Wu, Junjie, Xu, Gelin, Yamada, Tomohide, Yamagishi, Kazumasa, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaya, Sanni, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid, Yearwood, Jamal A, Yeheyis, Tomas Y, Yilgwan, Christopher Sabo, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Yoosefi Lebni, Javad, York, Hunter W, Younis, Mustafa Z, Younker, Theodore Patrick, Yousefi, Zabihollah, Yousefinezhadi, Taraneh, Yousuf, Abdilahi Yousuf, Yusefzadeh, Hasan, Zahirian Moghadam, Telma, Zakzuk, Josefina, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamani, Mohammad, Zamanian, Maryam, Zandian, Hamed, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, Zheng, Peng, Zhou, Maigeng, Ziapour, Arash, Murray, Christopher J L, Collaborators, GBD 2019 Demographics, GBD 2019 Demographics Collaborator, Violante FS, Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), Department of Earth Systems Analysis, Biomechanical Engineering, TechMed Centre, Biomolecular Nanotechnology, Research Methodology, Measurement and Data Analysis, Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, Inorganic Materials Science, MESA+ Institute, Biomedical and Environmental Sensorsystems, Mesoscale Chemical Systems, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Nonlinear Solid Mechanics, Digital Society Institute, Pervasive Systems, Nanobiophysics, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Multi Scale Mechanics, Engineering Fluid Dynamics, Physics of Complex Fluids, Developmental BioEngineering, Physics of Fluids, Elastomer Technology and Engineering, Medical Cell Biophysics, European Membrane Institute, Department of Earth Observation Science, Biomaterials Science and Technology, Sustainable Process Technology, Department of Urban and Regional Planning and Geo-Information Management, Department of Natural Resources, XUV Optics, Databases (Former), Department of Water Resources, Psychology, Health & Technology, Membrane Science & Technology, Department of Public Health, Clinicum, HUS Neurocenter, HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Environmental Sciences
Subjects: Male, very elderly, Demographic transition, HALE, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, preschool child, Global Burden of Disease, Carga Global de Enfermedades, 0302 clinical medicine, newborn, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, and Risk Factors Study, 80 and over, 030212 general & internal medicine, Birth Rate, Child, Migration, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, Injuries, Geography, Mortality rate, 1. No poverty, DEATH, Censuses, General Medicine, SDG 10 - Reduced Inequalities, Middle Aged, Demographic analysis, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, 3. Good health, demographic analysis, Estilo de Vida Saludable, risk factor, Child, Preschool, Demography/statistics & numerical data, Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, Risk Factors, Fertility, Mortality, Migration, Population, epidemiology, Female, A990 Medicine and Dentistry not elsewhere classified, CHILD-MORTALITY, Live Birth, Global Health Metrics, TRANSITION, demographics, GBD, fertility, mortality, hale, Adult, Adolescent, Total fertility rate, Population, Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study, Birth rate, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Life Expectancy, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, General & Internal Medicine, SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, Demografía, Humans, Global Burden of Disease Study, human, Mortality, education, Preschool, Aged, Demography, Spatial Analysis, questionnaire, Infant, Newborn, Klinisk medicin, HIV, Infant, Global Burden of Diseases, sex-specific fertility, Live Birth/epidemiology, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.00 [https], MODEL, Fertilidad, Fertility, Demographic change, Life expectancy, NA, global disease burden, Clinical Medicine, population research
Abstract: Background Accurate and up-to-date assessment of demographic metrics is crucial for understanding a wide range of social, economic, and public health issues that affect populations worldwide. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 produced updated and comprehensive demographic assessments of the key indicators of fertility, mortality, migration, and population for 204 countries and territories and selected subnational locations from 1950 to 2019. Methods 8078 country-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 938 surveys, 349 censuses, and 238 other sources were identified and used to estimate age-specific fertility. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate age-specific fertility rates for 5-year age groups between ages 15 and 49 years. With extensions to age groups 10-14 and 50-54 years, the total fertility rate (TFR) was then aggregated using the estimated age-specific fertility between ages 10 and 54 years. 7417 sources were used for under-5 mortality estimation and 7355 for adult mortality. ST-GPR was used to synthesise data sources after correction for known biases. Adult mortality was measured as the probability of death between ages 15 and 60 years based on vital registration, sample registration, and sibling histories, and was also estimated using ST-GPR. HIV-free life tables were then estimated using estimates of under-5 and adult mortality rates using a relational model life table system created for GBD, which closely tracks observed age-specific mortality rates from complete vital registration when available. Independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated by an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance and other sources were incorporated into the estimates in countries with large epidemics. Annual and single-year age estimates of net migration and population for each country and territory were generated using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model that analysed estimated age-specific fertility and mortality rates along with 1250 censuses and 747 population registry years. We classified location-years into seven categories on the basis of the natural rate of increase in population (calculated by subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate) and the net migration rate. We computed healthy life expectancy (HALE) using years lived with disability (YLDs) per capita, life tables, and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty was propagated throughout the demographic estimation process, including fertility, mortality, and population, with 1000 draw-level estimates produced for each metric. Findings The global TFR decreased from 2.72 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 2.66-2.79) in 2000 to 2.31 (2.17-2.46) in 2019. Global annual livebirths increased from 134.5 million (131.5-137.8) in 2000 to a peak of 139.6 million (133.0-146.9) in 2016. Global livebirths then declined to 135.3 million (127.2-144.1) in 2019. Of the 204 countries and territories included in this study, in 2019, 102 had a TFR lower than 2.1, which is considered a good approximation of replacement-level fertility. All countries in sub-Saharan Africa had TFRs above replacement level in 2019 and accounted for 27.1% (95% UI 26.4-27.8) of global livebirths. Global life expectancy at birth increased from 67.2 years (95% UI 66.8-67.6) in 2000 to 73.5 years (72.8-74.3) in 2019. The total number of deaths increased from 50.7 million (49.5-51.9) in 2000 to 56.5 million (53.7-59.2) in 2019. Under-5 deaths declined from 9.6 million (9.1-10.3) in 2000 to 5.0 million (4.3-6.0) in 2019. Global population increased by 25.7%, from 6.2 billion (6.0-6.3) in 2000 to 7.7 billion (7.5-8.0) in 2019. In 2019, 34 countries had negative natural rates of increase; in 17 of these, the population declined because immigration was not sufficient to counteract the negative rate of decline. Globally, HALE increased from 58.6 years (56.1-60.8) in 2000 to 63.5 years (60.8-66.1) in 2019. HALE increased in 202 of 204 countries and territories between 2000 and 2019. Interpretation Over the past 20 years, fertility rates have been dropping steadily and life expectancy has been increasing, with few exceptions. Much of this change follows historical patterns linking social and economic determinants, such as those captured by the GBD Socio-demographic Index, with demographic outcomes. More recently, several countries have experienced a combination of low fertility and stagnating improvement in mortality rates, pushing more populations into the late stages of the demographic transition. Tracking demographic change and the emergence of new patterns will be essential for global health monitoring. Copyright (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Published: 2020

49. The global economic burden of epilepsy

Author: Begley, C, Wagner, R, Beghi, E, Abraham, A, Kwon, C-S, Labiner, D, and Newton, C
Published: 2022

50. Common and rare variant association analyses in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis identify 15 risk loci with distinct genetic architectures and neuron-specific biology (vol 53, pg 1636, 2021)

Author: van Rheenen, W, van der Spek, RAA, Bakker, MK, van Vugt, JJFA, Hop, PJ, Zwamborn, RAJ, de Klein, N, Westra, HJ, Bakker, OB, Deelen, P, Shireby, G, Hannon, E, Moisse, M, Baird, D, Restuadi, R, Dolzhenko, E, Dekker, AM, Gawor, K, Westeneng, HJ, Tazelaar, GHP, van Eijk, KR, Kooyman, M, Byrne, RP, Doherty, M, Heverin, M, Al Khleifat, A, Iacoangeli, A, Shatunov, A, Ticozzi, N, Cooper-Knock, J, Smith, BN, Gromicho, M, Chandran, S, Pal, S, Morrison, KE, Shaw, PJ, Hardy, J, Orrell, RW, Sendtner, M, Meyer, T, Basak, N, van der Kooi, AJ, Ratti, A, Fogh, I, Gellera, C, Lauria, G, Corti, S, Cereda, C, Sproviero, D, Soraru, G, Siciliano, G, Filosto, M, Padovani, A, Chio, A, Calvo, A, Moglia, C, Brunetti, M, Canosa, A, Grassano, M, Beghi, E, Pupillo, E, Logroscino, G, Nefussy, B, Osmanovic, A, Nordin, A, Lerner, Y, Zabari, M, Gotkine, M, Baloh, RH, Bell, S, Vourc'h, P, Corcia, P, Couratier, P, Millecamps, S, Meininger, V, Salachas, F, Pardina, JMS, Assialioui, A, Rojas-Garcia, R, Dion, PA, Ross, JP, Ludolph, AC, Weishaupt, JH, Brenner, D, Freischmidt, A, Bensimon, G, Brice, A, Durr, A, Payan, CAM, Saker-Delye, S, Wood, NW, Topp, S, Rademakers, R, Tittmann, L, Lieb, W, Franke, A, Ripke, S, Braun, A, Kraft, J, Whiteman, DC, Olsen, CM, Uitterlinden, AG, Hofman, A, Rietschel, M, Cichon, S, Nothen, MM, Amouyel, P, Comi, G, Riva, N, Lunetta, C, Gerardi, F, Cotelli, MS, Rinaldi, F, Chiveri, L, Guaita, MC, Perrone, P, Diamanti, L, Ferrarese, C, Tremolizzo, L, Delodovici, ML, Bono, G, Manera, U, Vasta, R, Bombaci, A, Casale, F, Fuda, G, Salamone, P, Iazzolino, B, Peotta, L, Cugnasco, P, De Marco, G, Torrieri, MC, Palumbo, F, Gallone, S, Barberis, M, Sbaiz, L, Gentile, S, Mauro, A, De Marchi, F, D'Alfonso, S, Bertolotto, A, Gionco, M, Leotta, D, Odddenino, E, Imperiale, D, Cavallo, R, Pignatta, P, De Mattei, M, Geda, C, Papurello, DM, Gusmaroli, G, Comi, C, Labate, C, Ruiz, L, Ferrandi, D, Rota, E, Aguggia, M, Di Vito, N, Meineri, P, Ghiglione, P, Launaro, N, Dotta, M, Di Sapio, A, Giardini, G, Tiloca, C, Peverelli, S, Taroni, F, Pensato, V, Castellotti, B, Comi, GP, Del Bo, R, Ceroni, M, Gagliardi, S, Corrado, L, Mazzini, L, Raggi, F, Simoncini, C, Lo Gerfo, A, Inghilleri, M, Ferlini, A, Simone, IL, Passarella, B, Guerra, V, Zoccolella, S, Nozzoli, C, Mundi, C, Leone, M, Zarrelli, M, Tamma, F, Valluzzi, F, Calabrese, G, Boero, G, Rini, A, Traynor, BJ, Singleton, AB, Neto, MM, Cauchi, RJ, Ophoff, RA, Wiedau-Pazos, M, Lomen-Hoerth, C, van Deerlin, VM, Grosskreutz, J, Roediger, A, Gaur, N, Jork, A, Barthel, T, Theele, E, Ilse, B, Stubendorff, B, Witte, OW, Steinbach, R, Hubner, CA, Graff, C, Brylev, L, Fominykh, V, Demeshonok, V, Ataulina, A, Rogelj, B, Koritnik, B, Zidar, J, Ravnik-Glavac, M, Glavac, D, Stevic, Z, Drory, V, Povedano, M, Blair, IP, Kiernan, MC, Benyamin, B, Henderson, RD, Furlong, S, Mathers, S, McCombe, PA, Needham, M, Ngo, ST, Nicholson, GA, Pamphlett, R, Rowe, DB, Steyn, FJ, Williams, KL, Mather, KA, Sachdev, PS, Henders, AK, Wallace, L, de Carvalho, M, Pinto, S, Petri, S, Weber, M, Rouleau, GA, Silani, V, Curtis, CJ, Breen, G, Glass, JD, Brown, RH, Landers, JE, Shaw, CE, Andersen, PM, Groen, EJN, van Es, MA, Pasterkamp, RJ, Fan, DS, Garton, FC, McRae, AF, Smith, GD, Gaunt, TR, Eberle, MA, Mill, J, McLaughlin, RL, Hardiman, O, Kenna, KP, Wray, NR, Tsai, EL, Runz, H, Franke, L, Al-Chalabi, A, Van Damme, P, van den Berg, LH, Veldink, JH, SLALOM Consortium, PARALS Consortium, SLAGEN Consortium, and SLAP Consortium
Published: 2022

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